2025届人教版(2019)高考英语一轮话题复习高考题型通关练：话题33　海洋奥秘探索及保护(教师版)

话题33海洋奥秘探索及保护

Ⅰ.阅读理解

Coralreefsareanecessarypartofsealifeandsupportitbyprovidingshelterand

habitattovariousorganisms.Theyalsosupplyandrecyclenutrientsaswellasenablea

fishpopulationtoboom，alongwithotherspecies，forahealthyanddiverseecosystem.

However，theriseinaveragewatertemperatureduetoclimatechangehasresulted

inmorefrequentandextended“coralbleaching(珊瑚白化)”eventsthatdamage

theirhealth，causingfishandotherseaspeciestoabandonthem.

Inordertorepairthisdelicateecosystem，scientistsfromtheUKandAustralia

conductedastudythatinvolvedusingspeakersunderwaterneardamagedcoralreefsto

makethemsoundhealthyandattractfish，potentiallystartingthenaturalrecovery

processofcoralreefsandtheirdependentlifeforms.

ThelocationofthisexperimentwastheGreatBarrierReefintheCoralSea，

foundalongsidetheeastcoastofQueensland，Australia，whichisfamousforhaving

thelargestcoralreefsystemintheworldthat’s2，300kilometreslongandcoversan

areaofnearly344，400squarekilometres.Byusingloudspeakerstoreproducesuch

sounds，areasofdeadcoralreefswerefoundtoattracttwiceasmanyfish，comparedto

placeswherenosoundswereplayed.Thesereturningfishcouldhelpintherecoveryof

thisecosystembygivingthoseareasofcoralachanceofnewlife.

“Fishareimportantforcoralreefstofunctionashealthyecosystems.Increasing

fishpopulationsinthiswaycouldhelptostartthenaturalrecoveryprocess，reducing

thedamagewe’reseeingonmanycoralreefsaroundtheworld.Ofcourse，attracting

fishtoadeadcoralreefwon’tbringitbacktolifeautomatically，buttherecovery

processreliesonfishthatcleanthecoralreeftomakespaceforcoraltoregrow，”said

MarkMeekan.

【语篇解读】本文是说明文。珊瑚礁是海洋生物的必要组成部分。然而，气候

变化造成了珊瑚白化。科学家们进行了研究，在水下使用扬声器来吸引鱼群，以

帮助恢复受损的珊瑚礁。

1.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Theimportanceofcoralreefs.

B.Theinfluenceofclimatechange.

C.Theperfectplaceforseaspecies.

D.Theecosystem’sdiversityandcomplexity.

答案A[段落大意题。根据第一段内容可知，珊瑚礁是海洋生物的必要组成部

分，不但为各种海洋生物提供住所和栖息地，还提供和回收利用营养物质，使鱼

类种群与其他物种一起繁荣发展，形成一个健康和多样化的生态系统。由此可推

知，本段主要讲述了珊瑚礁的重要性。]

2.What’sthepurposeofusingspeakersunderwater?

A.Tomakefishmoreactive.

B.Totestdamagedcoralreefs.

C.Tohelprecovertheecosystem.

D.Tohelpspeedthegrowthofcoralreefs.

答案C[细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，为了修复珊瑚礁这一脆弱的生态

系统，科学家们在水下使用了扬声器。]

3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheexperiment?

A.Itwasn’tcarriedoutinthelargestcoralreefsystem.

B.Itdrewmuchpublicattention.

C.Ithasbroughtdeadcoralreefsbacktolife.

D.Theloudspeakerswerehelpfulinattractingfish.

答案D[正误判断题。根据第四段中的“Byusingloudspeakers...wherenosounds

wereplayed.”可知，与没有播放声音的地方相比，在该实验中用扬声器产生的声

音为死去的珊瑚礁吸引了两倍多的鱼。]

4.WhatisMarkMeekan’sattitudetowardstheuseofspeakers?

A.Doubtful.B.Positive.

C.Disappointed.D.Indifferent.

答案B[观点态度题。根据最后一段MarkMeekan说的话可知，扬声器可以吸

引鱼群，鱼群虽然不会使死珊瑚礁自动复活，但其恢复过程依赖鱼来清洁珊瑚礁，

以给珊瑚重新生长的空间，由此可推知，MarkMeekan对使用扬声器持肯定的态

度。]

Severalyearsago，JasonBox，ascientistfromOhio，flew31giantrollsofwhite

plastictoaglacier(冰川)inGreenland.Heandhisteamspreadthemacross10，000

feetofice，andthenleft.Hisideawasthatthewhiteblanketwouldreflectbacktherays

ofthesun，keepingtheicebelowcool.Whenhecamebacktochecktheresults，he

founditworked.Theexposedicehadmeltedfasterthanthecoveredice.Hehadnot

onlysavedtwofeetoftheglacierinashorttime.Nocoalplantswereshutdown，no

jobswerelost，andnobodywastaxedorfired.Itwasjustthesortoffixwe’relooking

for.

“Thankyou，butnothankyou，”saidRalphKing，aclimatescientist.Hetold

GreyChilds，authorandcommentator，that“peoplethinktechnologycansavethe

planet，butthereareotherthingsweneedtodealwith，likeconsumption.Theyburned

$50，000justforthehelicoptertobringtheplastictotheglacier.”Thisexperiment

givespeoplefalsehopethatclimatechangecanbefixedwithoutchanginghuman

behaviour.Itcan’t.Technologywon’tgiveusafreeride.

Individualsrespondtoclimatechangedifferently.ClimatologistKellySmithis

hardlyaloneinherpredictionthatsomedaysoonwewon’tbeclimatevictims—we

willbeclimatechoosers.Morescientistsagreewithherthatifthehumanracesurvives，

theengineerswillgetsmarter，thetoolswillgetbetter，andonedaywewillcontrolthe

climate.Butwhatthen？“Justthementionofuscontrollingtheclimatesentasmall

shiverdownmyback，”Greywrites.“Somethingsoundedwrongaboutstoppingice

agesbyourownwill，”hesays.

Me？Ilikeitbetterwhentheearthtakescareofitself.Iguessonedaywewill

havetoruntheplace，butforthemoment，sittingatmydesk，lookingoutatthetrees

bendingwildlyandthewindhowling，I’mhappynottobeincharge.

【语篇解读】本文是议论文。文章以一个付出巨大代价保护冰川的实例告诉人

们，看起来气候变化可以在不改变人类行为的情况下得到解决，但不同的人对此

有不同的看法，比如有人认为科技不能帮助人类在不改变自身行为的前提下修正

气候变化；有人对人类控制气候的说法感到一丝恐惧等。

5.WhydoestheauthormentionJasonBox’sexperimentinthefirstparagraph?

A.Tointroduceapossiblesolutiontoclimatechange.

B.Todescribeamisleadingattempttofixtheclimate.

C.Toreportonasuccessfulexperimentonsavingtheglacier.

D.Toarousepeople’sattentiontotheproblemofglobalwarming.

答案B[写作意图题。根据第二段中的“Thisexperiment...giveusafreeride”可知，

作者认为这个实验会给人们一种错误的希望，但其实气候变化在不改变人类行为

的情况下不能得到修正。由此可知，作者在第一段提到JasonBox的实验是为了

描述一次具有误导性的修正气候的尝试。]

6.WhichstatementwouldRalphKingmostprobablyagreewith?

A.Thefightagainstclimatechangewillnotsucceed.

B.Technologyisnotthefinalsolution，letaloneitshighcost.

C.It’sbesttodealwithclimatechangewithoutchangingourbehaviour.

D.Jason’sexperimentplaysasignificantroleinfixingclimatechange.

答案B[推理判断题。根据第二段RalphKing所说的话可推知，RalphKing认

为用科技解决气候问题花费高，且科技不是最终解决方案。]

7.WhatisGreyChilds’attitudetohuman’scontrollingtheclimate?

A.Favourable.B.Tolerant.

C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.

答案C[观点态度题。根据第三段中的“Justthemention...back”“Something

sounded...byourownwill”可知，GreyChilds认为人类控制气候听起来就有点让人

害怕，故GreyChilds对此持怀疑态度。]

8.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Butshouldwefixtheclimate?

B.Isclimatechangearealproblem?

C.Howcanwetakecareoftheearth?

D.Whatifalltheglaciersdisappeared?

答案A[标题归纳题。第一段作者介绍了JasonBox拯救冰川的实验；第二段

作者认为此次实验传递给人们错误的希望，并认为在不改变人类行为的情况下科

技不能修正气候变化；第三段作者介绍了不同人对人类控制气候的看法；第四段

作者认为地球有自己的规律，我们应顺其自然。故本文可用A项(但是我们应该

修正气候吗？)作标题。]

Ⅱ.完形填空

(2024·湖南省郴州市二模)

Asaflorist，Ispenthoursarrangingthedisplayforanevent.Butadaylater，itwas

unwantedandthrownaway1.Iwantedtodosomethingwithit，believingmany

oftheflowersstillingoodconditioncouldbe2.

ThinkingIcouldmakethemostofthesebeautiful3，Istartedtakinghome

asmanyaspossible，andgivingthemtohospitals，buttherewerestillmany

4.Then，onedayIhadan5.

Ibeganrepurposingsomeoftheminto6items.Apinkagapanthus(百子

莲)becameanecklace，whileIusedabanksia(山龙眼)asagiantheadpiece.Afriend，

Lilywasattractive，withtheorangeflowersonher7，whichlookedlikeafamous

hairstyle.Andsomeofmycreationswere8byanotherfriend.

Sharingthephotosonthesocialmediagotpeople9.Manywere10at

howwastefulthefloralindustrycouldbe.Bythen，Ifoundmore11.Myartworks

showedmethatwereallycould12flowers.OnValentine’sDay，therewereso

many13rosesthatIwovethemtogetherintoagiantredsuit，whichLilywore

whilewalkingthroughthecity.

Ithinkmyworkis14theideasaboutbeauty.Somethingthatpeoplemight

thinkis15forthebincanreallyhaveawholeotherlifeinit.SoIhopepeople

canthinkmoreaboutwhattheythrowout.

【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。作者作为一名花商，利用被丢弃的鲜花制作成一

些时尚物品，从而呼吁更多人关注被扔掉的东西。

1.A.speciallyB.patiently

C.intentionallyD.carefully

答案C[结合前文“itwasunwantedandthrownaway”可知，鲜花被故意丢掉了。

intentionally故意地。]

2.A.refundedB.reused

C.returnedD.recommended

答案B[结合前文“believingmanyoftheflowersstillingoodcondition”可知，许

多花仍然很好，所以可以被重新利用。]

3.A.stagesB.displays

C.plantsD.memories

答案C[根据上文“believingmanyoftheflowersstillingoodcondition”可知，此

处指作者想充分利用这些花，这里用plants指代上文的flowers。]

4.A.leftoverB.takenover

C.lookedoverD.gotover

答案A[结合上文“Asaflorist，Ispenthoursarrangingthedisplayforanevent.”

及“Istartedtakinghomeasmanyaspossible，andgivingthemtohospitals，butthere

werestillmany”可知，布置一次展出会用到很多的花，所以此处指我尽可能多地

把被扔掉的一些花带回家，但仍有许多花被剩下。leaveover留下，剩下；takeover

接管；lookover检查；审查；getover克服。]

5.A.interviewB.accident

C.opportunityD.idea

答案D[结合下文“Apinkagapanthus(百子莲)becameanecklace，whileIuseda

banksia(山龙眼)asagiantheadpiece.”可知，作者把带回来的花做成了其他的东西，

因此此处指作者有了一个想法。]

6.A.salesB.work

C.studyD.fashion

答案D[结合下文“Apinkagapanthus(百子莲)becameanecklace，whileIuseda

banksia(山龙眼)asagiantheadpiece.”可知，项链和头饰都是时尚物品。]

7.A.wayB.head

C.listD.back

答案B[结合下文“whichlookedlikeafamoushairstyle”可知，莉莉头上戴着橘

色的花。]

8.A.createdB.approved

C.identifiedD.photographed

答案D[结合下文“Sharingthephotosonthesocialmedia”可知，把照片发在网上，

因而这里指我的一位朋友拍了我的作品的照片。]

9.A.performingB.talking

C.competingD.succeeding

答案B[结合下文“Manywereathowwastefulthefloralindustry

couldbe.”可知，看到照片上的花，引发了人们的议论。]

10.A.alarmedB.relieved

C.shockedD.embarrassed

答案C[根据下文“howwastefulthefloralindustrycouldbe”可知，人们对于花卉

的浪费很是震惊。alarmed担心；害怕；relieved放心的；感到宽慰的；embarrassed

尴尬的。]

11.A.possibilitiesB.statistics

C.standardsD.examples

答案A[结合下文“Iwovethemtogetherintoagiantredsuit，whichLilywore

whilewalkingthroughthecity”可知，此处指作者找到了把花做成其他物品的可能

性。]

12.A.purchaseB.wear

C.chooseD.generate

答案B[结合下文“Iwovethemtogetherintoagiantredsuit，whichLilywore

whilewalkingthroughthecity”可知，作者把花编织成一件巨大的红色套装，莉莉

穿着它在城里散步，因而此处指我们可以穿戴鲜花。]

13.A.unwantedB.indoor

C.beautifulD.fake

答案A[结合前文内容可知，作者把被扔掉的状态好的花卉做成其他的时尚装

饰品，所以此处指作者把无用的玫瑰做成了一个巨大的红色套装。]

14.A.comprisingB.classifying

C.changingD.collecting

答案C[结合上文“Myartworksshowedmethatwereallycould

flowers.”及“Iwovethemtogetherintoagiantredsuit，whichLilyworewhile

walkingthroughthecity”可知，作者通过把花做成套装，让朋友穿在身上，因而

此处指作者的做法正在改变人们对美的看法。]

15.A.convenientB.enough

C.essentialD.fit

答案D[结合下文“forthebin”及“Ihopepeoplecanthinkmoreaboutwhatthey

throwout.”可知，被扔掉的东西理应在垃圾桶里。所以此处指适合在垃圾桶的东

西。]

Ⅲ.语法填空

(2024·山西省晋中市高三二模)

TheGrandCanal，agreatman－madeprojectcompletedinancientChina，has

witnessedChinesehistoryspanningover2，500years.OnJune22，2014，it1.

(include)ontheWorldCulturalHeritageList.

Overathousandyears，theGrandCanalhasbeenmeandering(蜿蜒而行)through

eightprovincesandcitiesalong2.(it)courseof3，200kilometersand

connectingfivemajorrivers，which3.(be)thelongestandoldestcanal

intheworld.Itisapreciousheritage4.(pass)downtousbyour

ancestors.

Inmoderntimes，as5.resultofsocialunrest，climatechange，

economicchangeandotherimpacts，theGrandCanalhasbeentroubledbyaseriesof

problemssuchasriverchannelcutoff，water6.(pollute)，andwater

ecologicaldamage.ItwasoncetheChinesepeople’sdreamthattheGrandCanalcould

berestoredtothepastglory.

7.thebeginningofthenewera，manyplacesalongtheGrand

Canalhavelaunchedecologicalrestorationprojects.Whilemaintainingtheoriginal

formoftherivercourse，theyhavefocusedonscientificprotectionandcultural

heritage，8.(highlight)thecultural，historicalandecologicalvalueofthe

GrandCanal.

OnApril28，2022，theGrandCanalwasrefilledwithwaterforthefirsttimeina

century，aftera14－daywater－supplyproject.With9.(far)developmentof

theproject，theGrandCanalhasgraduallyrestoredthepastshippingcapacity.Boat

tours10.cargotransportationhavebecomeavailablealongthe

course.The“GoldenWaterway”turnscleana