主旨大意题（解题技巧）-2024年高考英语答题技巧与模板构建 （原卷版）

题型03主旨大意题

需高=♦常见题型解读

1'命题特点

主旨大意题在高考中出现次数稳定，通常1-2题，但题目具有一定难度。这类试题主要考查通过快

速浏览文章，获得主旨大意，并对文章的标题、主题、段落大意等进行归纳、概括的能力。

厂’考查方向

主旨大意题题干关键词besttitle,mainidea/theme/subject,mainlyabout等。题目类型包括标题归纳

题、段落大意题、文章大意题。

n命题规律

1.段首、段尾处常考

2.转折词处常考

3.因果关系处常考

4.问题处常考

02

跟我学•解题思维剖析

主旨大意题解题思维

i.主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性，文章或段落的其他句

子都是对主题句的进一步的解释、说明、论证或拓展。

2.一般说来说明文和议论都有主题句，而且多位于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。

3.不能直接在文章中直接找到主题句，抓每一段的主旨句，一般在段首。理清楚段与段之间逻辑关系

然后自己归纳总结。

模板1标题归纳题

1.简洁：短小精悍，多为短语，动名词短语或祈使句。

2.概括：概括全文、涵盖性强、体现主旨；

标题模板

3.针对：标题外延与文章内容相符，范围一致，不会以偏概全；

4.醒目：新颖奇特，激发读者的阅读兴趣；

1.正面思维肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，串联细节共同点，断定标题。；

2.逆向思维否定法：抛开原文，设想各个选项为“标题”用它们写出来的“文章”会是什

答题规律么内容，然后和原文章对照，依次排除不符选项；

3.研读备选项差异：研读四个选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、概括性等。

干扰项特点断章取义（仅为文中一细节）、以偏概全、物种生有、范围过大。

模板2段落大意题

结构法和关键词法

L总分：主题句在段首；

2.分总：主题句在段尾；

3.总分总：主题句段首尾前后呼应；

4.分总分：开头抛砖引玉，主题在段总；

5.关键词：抓住段落中出现频率较高的关键词，然后对其概括和归纳，确定段落大意。

答题规律主题句的判断

段首1.主题句多为段首第一句（观点或对象）；或第一句抛砖引玉引出第二句。

段尾2.主题句也常为段尾句（结论或总结）。

段中前面的话是为引出主题而摆出问题或现象。

无主题句没有主题句，需根据段落内容自己概括。重点提炼各个段落首句，兼顾尾句。

模板3文章大意题

四种方法巧利用

1.文体法：新闻报道主旨在第一句；说明文主旨在第一段或第二段；议论文主旨在首段或尾段；记叙文主

旨一般在尾段或首尾呼应。

2.主题句法：读文章标题；略读各段首尾句；读首段和尾端；读逻辑关联词后的句子内容。

3.高频词法：寻找文中出现频率较高的关键词。

4.概括法：中心主旨隐含在句子中，需要考生根据已知的细节归纳出文中的大意。

主题句特点

1.段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however,but,infact,actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。

2.首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。

3.作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。

4.表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion等词，通常是主旨。

命题点01标题归纳题

【典例01]

（2023•浙江嘉兴•统考一模）

Itwasaquietmorninginthelibrary,andwelibrarianswereenjoyingaratherloudchat.Suddenly,apatron

（常客）marcheduptous,gaveusanannoyed“Shush!”andwentbacktoherseat.Howstrangeforagroupof

librarianstobeshushedbyapatron!Shouldn'titbetheotherwayaround?

Well,ifscomplicated.Ifyou'relikeme,amiddle-agedwoman,youprobablyrememberlibrariesasplacesof

silentreading.Thesedays,however,librariesaremorelikeactivecommunitycenters.

Inthepast,mostlibrariesdidn'tfocusmuchonprogramsforkidswhoseagemadeitimpossibleforthemtobe

quietondemand.Butgrowingknowledgeabouttheimportanceofkidsandteenslearningthroughhands-on

experienceshassincecausedaseachangeinhowlibrariesconnectwithyoungreaders.Nowlibrariesbegin

offeringinteractiveprogramsforkids,includingcrafts,boardgames,andstorytimes.Thesetypesofprograms

certainlyaren'tdesignedtobesilent.

Alongwithmoreprogramsforever-youngerchildren,technologytodayhasplayedapartinthetransformation

oflibrariesintoplaceswherebothkidsandadultscanusecomputers,makesomethingona3Dprinterandmore.In

addition,manylibrariesnowofferprogramsforadults,whocanparticipateininbookdiscussion,learncalligraphy,

andeventakecollegeclasses.

Ofcourse,librariesstillneedpeacefulphones.Thesedays,manylibrarieshaveglassed-offstudyroomsor

quietareas.Theyarealsolessnoisyintheearlyafternoons,aftermorningchildren'sprogramsandbeforethe

after-schoolkidcrowdarrive.

IfscleartomenowthatonthedaymycolleaguesandIwereshushedbyapatron,weshouldhavebeenusing

our“libraryvoices“aswetalked.Still,it'sunlikelythatlibrarieswilleverreturntothedayswhentheywereplaces

ofsilence.There5sjusttoomuchfunandlearninghappening.

46.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.LibrariesShouldbeLoudB.ReadingCanbeFuninLibraries

C.LibrariesMakeLearningHappenD.LibraryProgramsTargetChildren

【典例02]

（2023•广东深圳•高三校考阶段练习）

Today,poetryandscienceareoftenconsideredtobemutuallyexclusivecareerpaths.Butthatwasn'talways

thecase.ThemathematicianAdaLovelaceandthephysicistJamesClerkMahwahwerebothaccomplishedpoets.

ThepoetJohnKeatswasalicensedsurgeon.Combiningthetwopracticesfelloutoffavorinthe1800s.But

translatingresearchintolyrics,haiku,andotherpoeticformsisresurging（再现）amongscientistsastheylookfor

alternativewaystoinspireotherswiththeirfindings.

“Poetryisagreattoolforquestioningtheworld,saysSamIllingworth,apoetandageoscientistwhoworks

attheUniversityofWesternAustralia.Throughworkshopsandanewscience-poetryjournal,calledConsilience,

Illingworthishelpingscientiststotranslatetheirlatestresultsintopoemsthatcanattractappreciationfromthose

outsideoftheirimmediatescientificfield.

StephanyMazon,ascientistfromtheUniversityofHelsinkiinFinland,joinedoneofIllingworth'sworkshops.

Intheworkshop,shewasgroupedwithotherscientistsandtaskedwithwritingahaiku,a17-syllable-longpoem,

whichspotlightedwater,afluidthatfeaturedinallofthegroupmembers5researchprojects.64Itwasalotoffun,

andsurprisinglyeasytowritethepoem,^^Mazonsays.Sheplanstocontinuewriting.t4Wedoadisservice（伤害）to

ourselvestothinkthatscientistscan'tbeartisticandthatartcan'tbeuseatocommunicatescientificideas,Mazon

says.

ThatviewpointisechoedbyIllingworth,whothinkssciencecommunicationinitiativesaretoooften

dominatedbypubliclectureswiththeirhands-offPowerPointslides."Actually,whensciencecommunication

involveswritingandsharingpoems,itinvitesatwo-waydialoguebetweenexpertsandnonexperts,hesays.

Scientist-poetManjulaSilva,aneducatoratImperialCollegeLondon,agrees.Poetryprovidesawaytotranslate

complexscientificconceptsintoalanguagethateveryonecanunderstand,Silvasays.

Scientistsandpoetsarebothtryingtounderstandtheworldandcommunicatethatunderstandingwithothers.

Thedistinctionbetweenscientistsandpoetsislessthanpeoplemightthink.We'realljustpeoplewithhopefully

reallyinterestingthingstosayandtoshare.

39.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Poetry:AGreatTooltoQuestiontheWorld

B.ScientistsTakeonPoetry

C.ScienceCommunication:ATwo-wayDialogue

D.ScientistsandPoetsThinkAlike

命题点02段落大意题

【典例oil

（2023•湖南长沙•高三湖南师大附中校考阶段练习）

Despitebeingconnectedonline,nomatterwhatstateyou'refrom,eachcitystillretainsitsownlanguageand

slang.AtmypublichighschoolinLosAngeles,wehadourownsecretlanguage.Apartywasa"yart”.Abeerwas

a"brewsky”.IfItriedtousethesewordsinfrontofanyonethatdidn'tliveinLosAngeles,theywouldhaveno

ideawhatwasgoingon.WhenIcametocollegeandusedthesewordsaroundmyroommatefromtheEastCoast,

shewouldlookatmewithablankstare.

Whetherthewaywetalkisregionalorfromonline,thesoulofcommunicationliesinitspowertoconnect

people,fosterunderstanding,andfacilitateinteractionsthatshapeourpersonalandsociallives.Ihaveoftenfound

it'sthewayweconnectwiththepeoplewelivearound.

58.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthelastparagraph?

A.Themeansofcommunication.B.Thenatureofcommunication.

C.Theelementsofcommunication.D.Theprocessofcommunication.

【典例02】

（2023•浙江嘉兴•统考一模）

Inthepast,mostlibrariesdidn'tfocusmuchonprogramsforkidswhoseagemadeitimpossibleforthemtobe

quietondemand.Butgrowingknowledgeabouttheimportanceofkidsandteenslearningthroughhands-on

experienceshassincecausedaseachangeinhowlibrariesconnectwithyoungreaders.Nowlibrariesbegin

offeringinteractiveprogramsforkids,includingcrafts,boardgames,andstorytimes.Thesetypesofprograms

certainlyaren'tdesignedtobesilent.

44.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Thepastandthepresentoflibraries.B.Thereasonforthechangeoflibraries.

C.Theactivitiesforyoungchildreninlibraries.D.Theconnectionbetweenlibrariesandreaders.

命题点03文章大意题

【典例】

（2023•河南驻马店•高三校联考阶段练习）

WehadfinallydecidedtoskipourtraditionalfamilydinnerandmakethetriptoMacy'sThanksgivingDay

ParadewhenKerrywas5.Likemanyotherfamilieswepackedasmallbackpackwithslicedturkeysandwiches

andjuiceboxes.Aftergettingoffthetrain,wewerewalkinguptotheentrancewhenKerryspottedahomeless

womansittingintheshadows,invisibletoallexceptmycuriousdaughter.

“What'sthat?"sheasked.LindaandIlookedateachother,worriedabouttheneedtoexplainsomethingvery

differentthanthehappyscenewewereabouttojoin.Duringourfirstyearsofparenthoodwe'ddiscussedhowwe

wouldexplainsuchtopicsaslife,death,andlove.Buthomelessness?Itcamesosuddenlythatwejustgaveas

simpleanexplanationaswecouldandcontinuedontotheparade.

Thefollowingyear,wedecidedtoattendtheparadeagain.SothenightbeforeThanksgivingwewent

shoppingforslicedturkeyforsandwiches.atCanwebringsomesandwichesforthosepeople?^^sheinquired,Again,

Kerrycaughtusoffguard.tcWhy??,wasmyfirstreaction.Butweknewimmediatelywhomshemeant.Howcould

werefuse?Whywouldwerefuse?ThiswasagoldenopportunitytohonorKerry'ssenseofcharity.Six-year-old

Kerrywasteachingusanimportantlesson.Thatnightwepreparedandpackedtwo-dozensandwichesintoournow

overstuffedbackpack.

ScanningtheshadowsafterreachingManhattanagain,Kerryspottedahomelessmansittinginthesamespot

aslastyear.Westoppedandtookoutthefirstofthelittlefeastsfromthepack.Withoutawordofinstruction,we

handedittoKerry.Shewalkedovertothemanslowly,handingthesandwichtohim.Neitherspokeaword.Then

wewereofftotheparade,stoppingalongthewaytodistributetherestofthesandwiches,exceptoneforeachofus.

Somehow,nogiantThanksgivingsit-downfeastevertastedasgoodasthosesandwiches.Overthenext

decadewedidthesamethingsagainandagain.Afterall,there9snothinglikesharingaturkeysandwichwithnew

friends.

8.WhatdoestheauthormainlywanttotellusaboutThanksgiving?

A.Ifsawordofaction.B.Ifsanoldtradition.

C.Ifsagoodtimeofreunion.D.Ifsasurprisingfeast.

吃篇ii•知识迁移强化

L（2023•河南驻马店•高三校联考阶段练习）

Fallenleavesareeverywhereaswintercomes.Traditionally,peoplesweepupthefallenleaves,putthemin

bagsandsendthemtolandfills.Butthereisagrowingmovementtoleaveleavesontheground.They511naturally

breakdownoverthewinterintorichorganicmatter.Thematteralsoshelterssomeinsects.

Butsomeleavespreventthegrowthofotherplants.Blackwalnut（黑胡桃），forexample,containsapoisonin

itsleavesthatkillsmanyplants,includingapples,peppers,tomatoesandpotatoes.Besides,wholeleavesshouldnot

bepermittedtoremainonwalkways,wheretheycouldmakethepathdangerouslyslippery.Theyshouldalsonotbe

leftongrasslawns,wheretheyarelikelytocausedisease.Inareasthatexperiencesnowcover,waterwould

becometrappedbetweengrassandleaves.Inareaswithoutsnow,wholeleavesthatcovergrassesblockwaterand

sunlightfromreachingthesoilbelow.

Manypeoplechoosetobreakuptheleavesusingamachineandletthepiecesfallbetweenpiecesofgrass.

Thenthepiecesbreakdownfurtherinthesoil.However,thistreatmentcankillinsectsandtheireggs.

Anothermethodistotaketheleavesoffthelawnandspreadthemlightlytocovergardenbeds.Theleaves

mostlybreakdownbyspringandalmostentirelybysummer.Butifnot,theyshouldberemovedbeforespring

growthbegins.

Leavesalsocanbeusedtomakeleafmold（腐叶土）,atypeoffertilizermadeentirelyfromleaves.Justputthe

leavesinacorner,addnitrogenfertilizer（氮月巴），andthenwaterthemtokeepthemwetinside.Itmaytakeayearor

two,buttheleaveswillbreakdownintoanutritioussoil.

Fallenleavesbuildrichsoil,protectplantrootsandshelterwildlife,inyourgarden,andelsewhere.Done

correctly,leavingtheleavesisoneofthebestwaystoturnyardwasteintofreefertilizer,whichisgoodforplants,

theenvironment,andsavingmoney.Whywastethatimportantresource?

31.Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.HowCanFallenLeavesBeTurnedintoArt?B.DoLeavesFalltotheGroundAroundtheRoots?

C.ShouldYou"LeavetheLeaves^^ontheGround?D.WillWhatComesfromLeavesReturntotheSoil?

2.（2023•宁夏银川•高三银川唐徐回民中学校考）

LanguageslikeItalianorFinnishcanbespelledmoreeasilybecauseeachletterofthealphabetmatchestoone

sound.Studentsstudyingtheselanguagescanhave90percentreadingaccuracyafterthefirstyear.However,

studentsevenafteryearsoflearningEnglisharestillfarbelowItalianorFinnishstudentsinreadingaccuracy.

EnglishstartedasaGermaniclanguage.ItismostcloselyconnectedtoGermanandDutch,especiallyin

grammarandbasicvocabulary.DuringtheNormaninvasioninthe12thcentury,OldEnglishwasspokenbut

Frenchwasusedingovernmentandlegaldocuments.AndLatinwasusedinreligiousandeducationalactivities.As

aresult,moreFrenchandLatinwordsenteredtheEnglishlanguage.Theprintingpressinventedinthelate1400s

helpedtoestablishEnglishspelling.TheEnglishoftodayishowthelanguagewaswrittenatthetime.However,

thespokenlanguagestartedtochangeinthe1500swiththepronunciationofalllongvowels（元音）.Forexample,

“bite"waspronouncedcloserto"beet"inthe1400s,beforechangingthroughtheyearstoitscurrentsound.The

effectwasthattheEnglishlanguagehadoldspellings,butnewsounds.

Englishhas26lettersinthealphabet,butover44individualsoundsdependingonthevariationofspoken

English.Thereareseveralsoundsrepresentedbyonlyoneletter.Forexample,theletter"C"cansoundlikean"S"

asin"city”.Anditalsosoundslikea"K"asin"cat”.

Thereareonly5or6vowellettersintheEnglishalphabet.TheyincludeA,E,I,O,U,andsometimesY.But

thereare20differentwaystosoundthem.Atthecentreisthemostcommonvowelsoundof"uhhh”.Itisthemost

relaxedandnaturalsound.Ittakesalmostnoeffortofthetongueorthroattocreatethesound.Sinceittakeslittle

effort,thesound"uhhh"oftenmakesitswayintopronunciations.Forexample,theword"please“oftenturnsinto

“PUH-lease“whensomeoneistryingtocallattention.ThisisanotherreasonwhyspellinginEnglishissodifficult!

25.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?

A.ThecomplexhistoryofEnglish.

B.TheformationofmodernEnglish.

C.TheinfluenceofEnglishonotherlanguages.

D.FactorspromotingthedevelopmentofEnglish.

3.（2023•福建•高三校联考期中）

Imagineyoucanopenyourfridge,openanapponyourphoneandimmediatelyknowwhichitemswillgobad

soon.ThisisoneoftheapplicationsthatanewtechnologydevelopedbyengineersattheUniversityofCalifornia

SanDiegowouldenable.

Thetechnologycombinesachip（芯片）integratedintoproductpackagingandasoftwareupdateonyour

phone.Thephonebecomescapableofidentifyingobjectsbasedonsignalsthechipsendsoutfromspecific

frequencies,inthiscaseBluetoothorWiFi.Inanindustrialsetting,asmartphoneequippedwiththesoftwareupdate

couldbeusedasaradiofrequencyidentification（RFID）reader.

Theworkusesbreakthroughsinbackscatter（反向散射）communication,whichusessignalsalreadygenerated

byyoursmartphoneandre-directsthembackinaformatyourphonecanunderstand.Effectively,thistechnique

useslesspowerthanthelatesttechnologytogenerateWiFisignals.

Thecustomchip,whichisroughlythesizeofagrainofsandandcostsonlyafewpenniestoproduce,needs

solittlepowerthatitcanbeentirelypoweredbyLTEsignals,atechniqueforwirelessbroadbandcommunication

formobiledevices.ThechipturnsBluetoothsignalsintoWiFisignals,whichcaninturnbedetectedbya

smartphonewiththatspecificsoftwareupdate.

Thetechnology'sbroaderpromiseisthedevelopmentofdevicesthatdonotneedbatteriesbecausetheycan

harvestpowerfromLTEsignalsinstead.Thisinturnwouldleadtodevicesthataresignificantlylessexpensivethat

lastlonger,saidDineshBharadia,oneofthepaper'sseniorauthors.

“E-waste,especiallybatteries,isoneofthebiggestproblemstheplanetisfacing,afterclimatechange,

Bharadiasaid.

Forfutureresearch,theteamwillintegratethistechnologyintootherprojectstodemonstrateitscapabilities,

andtheyalsohopetocommercializeit,eitherthroughastartuporthroughanindustrypartner.

16.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.NewtechnologyturnssmartphonesintoRFIDreaders

B.Smartphonesneedtobeequippedwithsoftupdates

C.RFIDreadersobtainnewchipsandhavenewfunctions

D.Backscattercommunicationmakesthebestofsmartphones

4.（2023•河北•高三泊头市第一中学校联考期中）

Researchhasfoundthatusingwoodforconstructioninsteadofconcreteandsteelcanreduceemissions.But

TimSearchingeratPrincetonUniversitysaysmanyofthesestudiesarebasedonthefalsefoundationthat

harvestingwoodiscarbonneutral（碳中和）.“Onlyasmallpercentageofthewoodgetsintoatimber（木料）

product,andapartofthatgetsintoatimberproductthatcanreplaceconcreteandsteelinabuilding,9,hesays.

Efficienciesvaryindifferentcountries,butlargeamountsofaharvestedtreearelefttobedividedintoparts,used

inshort-livedproductslikepaperorburnedforenergy,allofwhichgenerateemissions.

InareportfortheWorldResourcesInstitute,Searchingerandhiscolleagueshavemodelledhowusingmore

woodforconstructionwouldaffectemissionsbetween2010and2050,accountingfortheemissionsfrom

harvestingthewood.Theyconsideredvarioustypesofforestsandpartsofwoodgoingtowardsconstruction.They

alsofactoredintheemissionssavingsfromreplacingconcreteandsteel.

Undersomecircumstances,theresearchersfoundsignificantemissionsreductions.Buteachcaserequired

whattheyconsideredanunrealisticallyhighportionofthewoodgoingtowardsconstruction,aswellasrapid

growthonlyseeninwarmerplaces,likeBrazil.Ingeneral,theyfoundalargeincreaseinglobaldemandforwood

wouldprobablyleadtorisingemissionsfordecades.Accountingforemissionsinthisway,theresearchersreported

inarelatedpaperthatincreasingforestharvestsbetween2010and2050wouldaddemissionsequaltoroughly10

percentoftotalannualemissions.

AliAmiriatAaltoUniversityinFinlandsaysthereporfsconclusionsaboutemissionsfromrisingdemandare

probablycorrect,butthestoryisdifferentforwoodwealreadyharvest."'Boostingtheefficiencyofcurrentharvests

andusingmorewoodforlongerlivedpurposesthanpaperwouldcutemissions,hesays."Wecannotjustsaywe

shouldstopusingwood.^^

10.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?

A.Theprocessofthenewresearch.B.Thebackgroundofthenewstudy.

C.Thechallengeofthenewresearch.D.Theachievementsofthenewstudy.

5.（2023•福建泉州•高三校考期中）

IT'SATYPICALmorning:youwakeup,takeashower,brushyourteeth,andthenprick（刺；扎）yourarm

withatinyneedle.Wait,what?Unlessyouhaveaseriousdiseasesuchasdiabetes,youprobablyhaven,tevertested

yourownblood.Butinthefuture,thatmightchange.

ThecompanyCoralreadysellsasystemforhomebloodtesting.Youstickyourarmusingasupposedly

painless,one-off,blood-drawingcartridge（针筒）aboutthesizeofalipstick.Thenyoustickthecartridgeintoa

devicethatlookslikethebaseforanelectrictoothbrush.Afewminuteslater,anapponyourphonebuzzeswith

updatedinformation,includingyourcurrenthealthdataandtipsonwhattoeatandhowtoexerciseduringtheday.

Ifstruethatbloodcontainsawealthofinformationaboutaperson'shealth.Bloodtestscanshowifapersonis

infectedwithadiseaseoratriskforavarietyofproblems,includingaheartattackorastroke.Butmostpeople

don'ttesttheirownblooduntiladoctorsaysit'stime.Healthyyoungadultsgetregularbloodtestsabouteveryfive

years.Thesetestshappenatalab,whereatechnicianoranursesticksalongneedleintothearmtodrawout

severaltubesfullofblood.Corandsimilarcompanies,suchasWellnessFX,aretryingtochangeallthat.They

thinkpeopledeserveaccesstomoreinformationabouttheirownhealth.

Butnoteveryoneisconvincedthatregularbloodtestingforhealthypeopleisagreatidea.Cor'ssystemis

expensiveandmaypotoffermuchbenefit."Thelightestresulthereisthatyouloseyourmoneyandthenyou're

remindedtogetmoresleepandtoeatmorefruits,vegetables,andfish,“PieterCohenofHarvardMedicalSchool

toldtheNewYorkTimes.46Theworstresultisthatyouendupgettingfrightenedbyprobablyabnormalresultsthat

areactuallycompletelynormalforyou.^^

Plus,theresultsofahomebloodtestmightbewrong.It'shardtogetaccurateresultsfromatinyamountof

blood.Sowhatdoyouthink?Ismonitoringyourownhealthviapinpricksthewayofthefuture?Orisitbetterto

leavebloodtestingtomedicalprofessionals?

8.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Homebloodtests:yesorno?B.Shouldbloodtestsbeallowedathome?

C.Anewsystemofimprovingyourhealth.D.Homebloodtesting:yourhealthmonitor!

6.（2023•四川雅安•高三统考阶段练习）

Newresearchlinksoutdoorairpollution-evenatlevelsconsideredsafe-toanincreasedriskofdiabetes

（糖尿病）globally,accordingtoastudyfromtheVASt.LouisHealthCareSystem.Thefindingsraisethe

possibilitythatreducingpollutionmayleadtoadropindiabetescasesinheavilypollutedcountriessuchasIndia

andlesspollutedonessuchastheUnitedStates.

Diabetesisoneofthefastestgrowingdiseases,affectingmorethan500millionpeopleworldwide.Themain

driversofdiabetesincludeeatinganunhealthydiet,havingasedentarylifestyleandobesity,butthenewresearch

indicatestheextenttowhichoutdoorairpollutionplaysarole.

“Ourresearchshowsasignificantlinkbetweenairpollutionanddiabetesglobally,9,saidZiyadAl-Aly,MD,

thestudy'sseniorauthorandanassistantprofessorofmedicineattheUniversityofWashington.t6Wefoundan

increasedrisk,evenatlowlevelsofairpollutioncurrentlyconsideredsafebytheUSEnvironmentalProtection

Agency（EPA）andtheWorldHealthOrganization（WHO）.Thisisimportantbecausemanyindustrylobbying（游

说）groupsarguethatcurrentlevelsaretoostringentandshouldberelaxed.Evidenceshowsthatcurrentlevelsare

stillnotsufficientlysafeandneedtobetightened.

Whilegrowingevidencehassuggestedalinkbetweenairpollutionanddiabetes,researchershavenot

attemptedtoquantifythatburdenuntilnow."Overthepasttwodecades,therehavebeenbitsofresearchabout

diabetesandpollution,saidAl-Aly.”Wewantedtothreadtogetherthepiecesforabroader,moresolid

understanding.^^

Theresearchersalsofoundthattheoverallriskofpollution-relateddiabetestilted（倾斜）moretoward

lower-incomecountriessuchasIndiathatlacktheresourcesforenvironmentalmitigationsystemsandclean-air

policies.Forinstance,poverty-strickencountriesfacingahigherdiabetes-pollutionriskincludeAfghanistan,Papua

NewGuineaandGuyana,whilerichercountriessuchasFrance,FinlandandIcelandexperiencealowerrisk.The

USexperiencesamediumriskofpollution-relateddiabetes.

32.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Currentpollutioncontrollevelsneedtobetightened

B.Diabetesisoneofthefastestgrowingdiseasesglobally

C.Airpollutioncontributessignificantlytodiabetesglobally

D.Poverty-strickencountriesfaceahigherdiabetes-pollutionrisk

7.（2023•河南驻马店•高三校联考阶段练习）

We,modernhumans,spend90%ofourtimeinside,travelingbetweenhomesandoffices,schoolsand

apartments,restaurantsandgyms.I'vebeenhearingthisstatisticsomuchthatIstartedtowonderifitwasanurban

legend.Ifsnot!ThebestreferenceforthestatisticappearstobeTheNationalHumanActivityPatternSurvey

（NHAPS）.

ThesurveywasfundedbytheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency（EPA）."EPA'smainpurposefor

collectingtheNHAPSdatawastoprovidediaryrecordsthatcouldbeusedasinputsforcomputer-basedhuman

exposuremodels,9,saysthestudy.Inotherwords,inordertounderstandhowhumansmightbeimpactedby

pollutantsinourvariousindoorandoutdoorenvironments,scientistsneededtoknowhowmuchtimewespendin

differentlocations.

ThesurveywasconductedbytheUniversityofMaryland'sSurveyResearchCenter.Thesurveyused

telephoneinterviewstocollect24-hourretrospective（回顾的）diariesfromeachrespondent（调查对象）.Between

340and1,713respondentswereinterviewedineachofthetenEPAregionsacrossthe48neighboringstates.

Respondentsweregenerallyrepresentativeofthewholenationforgender,age,race,andeducationalattainment.

Americansspend87%oftheirtimeindoorsandanadditional6%inanenclosedvehicle.Theseproportions

（比色！J）arealsofairlyconstantacrossvariousregionsoftheUnitedStatesandCanada.Thefindingthatemergesis

thatwearebasicallyanindoorspecies.Inamodernsociety,totaltimeoutdoorsisthemostnegligiblepartofthe

day,oftensosmallthatitbarelyshowsupinthetotal.

Isthestudyaccurate?Probablynot.Itmaynottakeintoaccountsomepopulationsthatspendahigh

proportionoftimeoutside.Asthestudystates,"Thosewhowereawayfromahomeforextendedperiodswerenot

includedinthesurvey.Theseindividualsmaybemorelikelythanthosewhowereathometospendlargequantities

oftimeoutdoors.Also,thesurveymethodologyalsodoesn'taccountwellforbitsoftimespenttakingoutthe

trash,walkingtothecar,ortakingasmokebreakoutside.

35.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Asuggestionforfurtherstudies.B.Apossi