中考英语一轮复习：阅读理解之议论文（讲义）（解析版）

A第04讲阅读理解之议论文（讲义）

目录

复习目标掌握目标及备考方向

二考情分析中考阅读理解议论文考情分析

1.细节理解题

2.推理判断题

阅读议论文的

三3.词义猜测题

考向

4.主旨大意题

5.提升必考题型归纳

四真题感悟中考阅读议论文经典考题精选

【复习目标】

1.熟练语篇类型和语篇结构

2.明确命题规律和提问方式

3.掌握不同题型的解题方法

【考情分析】

阅读理解议论文命题规律

议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或

作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判断能力。所以考生要培养根据上下

文猜词的能力，或者说根据情境能揣测作者的意图。议论文的阅读同其他体裁文章的阅读

理解一样，可以有主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等几种出题方式。

【名师解难】

议论文一般有论点、论据和论证三个要*.3是议论文的核心，是作者对所论述事件的基本看法和立场；

是文章要表达的主要思想；找准论点有助干把握文章的整体方向和理解文章主题的深层内涵。论据是作者

所引用的用以证明和支持论点的材料，这些材料可以是名人名言、事实例证，或是统计数据等，理清论据

材料的内容能够帮助读者更深层次地理解论点的含义。k证方法多种多样，常见的有1.归纳法，即从分析

个别事例入手，找出事物的共同特点，从而得出结论；2.演绎法，即从一般原理出发，对个别事物进行说明、

分析后得出结论；3.比较对照法，即对所有事实、方面进行对照，找出异同之处，然后加以分析，得出结论；

4.驳论法，即先列出错误的观点，然后加以逐条批驳，反证自己观点的正确性。

1.细节理解：细节理解题在中考阅读理解试题中所占比例最大，不过相对来说较简单，通过题干的关键词，

在文中找到相关信息，仔细对比，就能得出答案。k正确选项特征为：I同义替换、语言简化、正话反说等。

2.主旨大意：主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，以概括中心大意、段落大意、选择标题及

判断作者写作意图等形式出现。其正确选项特征为：涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段；确定的范围恰当，既不

太大，也不太小；精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。

3.作者观点：站在作者的角度，通过逻辑关系，研究细节，推敲作者的态度，理解文章寓意的能力；一般不

出现绝对概念。

4.词义猜测：考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，

而这些词或词组往往超出考纲范围。一般利用上下文线索、语法知识、上下文逻辑、构词法和常识等手段。

4议论文答题技巧

.夯基-必备基础知识梳理

一、重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨

标题往往是全文的主题，审视标题，有利于理解全文，提高解题效率。主题句对全文起提示、启迪、

概括、归纳之作用。根据主题句既可以知道文章议论的是什么，也可以知道作者希望读者了解主题方面的

哪些内容。议论文题材偏难，但其框架一般都很清晰，多采用总一分一总的结构，交替使用正面和反面的

论证方式。通常，先总说现象或观点；其次，正面陈述、反面论证；最后作者表明自己的态度，再次总结

文章。通常主题句会出现在文章的首句或句末，在这些地方要多留意表示归纳的词汇，也可以在具体事例

之后或之前的表示观点的陈述句中寻找。

二、细读文章，注意文章细节理解

除主旨题外，细节理解题也是阅读理解题中的基础题，它主要考查学生对文中的具体事例、数字、时

间、地点等的理解。经常出现排序题（按事情发展顺序排序），图表题（按文章内容找出正确图形），正误题（依

据文章内容对所列的陈述进行正误判断）。对这种题型，无论细节题如何变化形式，立足点都应是从文章中

找出相应词句作为依据。虽然答案中有的细节在文中很清楚，但可能与问题无关。细节题的破解一般用寻

读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、分析、对比，有根据

地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。假如问题采用的是反向思维，题中含有not或except等表示否定意义的词,

则需要更加留意。此法可以加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率。做此类题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑

关系。

三、理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图

做推理判断题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的

推理判断，站在作者的视角，而不是主观臆断、凭空想象，从而走入误区。英语文章讲究使用主题段与主

题句，段与段之间通常有过渡性词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯。有时文章还会在时间顺序、空间

顺序或逻辑推理上运用较高级的手段进行组编。要想准确、深刻地理解文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，

把握全篇的文脉，即句内、句间和段落间的修辞手段或逻辑关系。作者往往在构思语篇前会进行预先设定：

读者知道什么，不知道什么，读者可能与自己共同拥有什么样的生活经验、思想见地和需求欲望等，然后

设计一些隐藏在语篇深层的"潜台词”。因此，这类试题要求考生利用主题句进行推测，揣摩文字背后作

者的意图，运用背景知识去挖掘文章的深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认真体会文章的语

气与感情基调。

四、多读多背，扩大词汇量，掌握猜词技巧

由于当今的阅读文章题材广泛，体裁多样，经常出现一词多义，甚至出现没学过的词汇。许多学生感

到困扰很大，有的甚至烦躁得难以坚持阅读下去。要解决阅读中的生词问题，一是要扩大英语词汇量，二

是要学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，如：利用同义、反义、上义、下义、词的集合、词的搭配等关

系；利用照应、替代、省略、定义、举例等情境关系；利用词缀、转化、合成等构词法；利用后置定语或

同位语等语法结构；利用前后对比或因果推理法等。

总之，想要提高阅读能力，尤其是对考生来说难度较大的议论文阅读，学生应能从篇章和试题双方面

入手。通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法，优化阅读理解中议论文的解题思路和方法策略，提

高学生自主学习的能力。

.提升-必考题型归纳

（一）

（2023・安徽•校联考模拟预测）

Noonewantstoworkatamessy（凌舌L的）deskandlooklazy.Butdoesamessydesktopactuallymeanthat?

Notalldisordersmeanyoumesseverythingup.

Peoplewholikeamessydeskhavetheirownideas.Somethinkitmakesthemcomfortable.Somebelieveit

helpsthemfocus（专注）moreeasily.Messytablescanmakeiteasiertofocusonthetasks,justlikesomewriters

canwritepatientlyinanoisyplace.Othersmaybethepeoplewhowanttodothingsperfectly.Theyusuallyput

awaythelessimportantthingsanddothemostimportantonesperfectly,whichleadstopapermountainsonthe

desktop.

Researchshowsthatpeopleworkingwithamessydesktopareprobablymorecreativeandliketotakerisks.

Butpeoplewithatidyoneoftenfollowtherulesandmaynotliketotrynewthings.Forexample,inanexperiment

（实验）donebyKathleenVbhs,peopleinthemessygroupcameupwithmoreinterestingandcreativeideas

aboutthenewusesofping-pongballs.Vbhssays,"Messyenvironmentsseemtoinspire（激发）peopletothinkup

freshideas.”

Butamessydeskmightnotbethebestchoiceallthetime.Whenyouneednewideas,amessydeskmightbe

agoodchoice;butwhenyouwanttodoataskquicklyandsuccessfully,itseemsbettertomakeadeskcleanand

tidy.

1.Whydosomepeoplelikeamessydesk?

A.Becausetheyarelazyanduntidy.B.Becausetheywanttodothingswell.

C.Becauseithelpsthemfocusontaskseasily.D.Becauseithelpsthemdotheirworkpatiently.

2.WhatdoestheexperimentdonebyKathleenVbhsshowus?

A.Disorderiswelcomedbymostpeopleinthisworld.

B.Amessydesktophasabadinfluenceonpeople'sminds.

C.Peopleworkingwithatidydesktopcanalsobesuccessful.

D.Peopleworkingwithamessydesktopmaybemorecreative.

3.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.MessyDesk:DoPeopleNeedtoChangeIt?

B.MessyDesk:DoesItMakePeopleComfortable?

C.MessyDesk:DoPeopleGetUsedtoIt?

D.MessyDesk:DoesItHelpPeopleWorkPatiently?

【答案】1.C2.D3.A

【导语】本文主要围绕桌面凌乱对人的影响展开论述，通过实例验证了在桌面凌乱的环境下工作的人更具

有创造性，分析了桌面整洁与凌乱的不同影响。

1.细节理解题。根据"Peoplewholikeamessydeskhavetheirownideas.Somethinkitmakesthemcomfortable.

Somebelieveithelpsthemfocus（专注）moreeasily?5（喜欢凌乱办公桌的人有自己的想法。有些人认为这

让他们感到舒适。一些人认为这有助于他们更容易集中注意力）可知，因为凌乱的办公桌能帮助他们更容

易地专注于任务。故选C。

2.细节理解题。根据"Forexample,inanexperiment（实验）donebyKathleenVbhs,peopleinthemessygroup

cameupwithmoreinterestingandcreativeideasaboutthenewusesofping-pongballs...Messyenvironmentsseem

toinspire（激发）peopletothinkupfreshideas”可知，研究表明，在凌乱的环境下工作的人可能更有创造力。

故选D。

3.标题归纳题。本文主要围绕桌面凌乱对人的影响展开论述，通过实例验证了在桌面凌乱的环境下工作的

人更具有创造性，分析了桌面整洁与凌乱的不同影响：当你需要新想法时，凌乱的办公桌可能是一个不错

的选择；但是当你想要快速成功地完成一项任务时，把桌子弄得干净整洁似乎更好。所以最佳题目是：“凌

乱的办公桌：人们需要改变它吗？”故选A。

（2023・四川绵阳・统考模拟预测）

Historyisfullofheroes,whohavemadeanenormousimpact（影响）ontheworld.

FullRizerRed（《满江红》）,oneofthehitmoviesin2023,remindedmeofYueFei,ournationalhero.Heled

thearmytofightbravelyagainstJin,nottoyield（屈月艮）tothetraitor（叛徒）QinHui.YueFei,accordingtoChina9s

history,isarealhero.Hisstoryhasbeenpasseddownthroughtheages,beginningwithhislifeintheSouthern

SongDynasty.

Thereareheroesineverytimeperiod.Heroesarepeoplewhodosomethingbrave,unusual,orimportant.

Heroesaremenandwomenwhotakerisks.Inthefaceofnaturaldisasters,therearealsomanyretrograde（逆行的）

heroes.Theymakeapositive（积极的）differenceintheworld.

Someheroeslivedlongago.GeorgeWashingtonwasthefirstpresidentoftheUnitedStates.Someheroesdid

greatthingsrecently.SallyRidewasanastronautandaneducator,andthefirstAmericanwomantogointospace.

Someofthegreatestheroesdidnotjustdoremarkablethingsthatmadethemfamous.Intheireverydaylives,

theybehavedinwaysthatmadepeopleadmiretheircharacter.Characterisagroupofqualitiesthatmakeupwhoa

personis.Heroesareoftenpeoplewithgreatcharacter.

Manypeoplewithgreatcharacterarehonest.Honestpeopletellthetruth,evenwhenitishardtodoit.

Someonewithgreatcharactermayalsobecompassionate.Acompassionatepersoncaresaboutothersandworksto

helpthem.

Apersonwithgreatcharactermayalsoberesponsible.Responsiblepeopledothingstheypromisetodo.Other

peoplecandependonthem.

Heroesbuildfromtheirgreatcharactertodelivergreataction.Doyouhaveahero?

4.Whatkindofdifferencedoheroesmakeintheworld?

A.Asmalldifference.B.Anegative（消极的）difference.

C.Apositivedifference.D.Acrueldifference.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"admire“meaninthisarticle?

A.Lookafter.B.Lookfor.C.Lookforwardto.D.Lookupto.

6.WhatcanbeconcludedfromParagraph3aboutdoingsomethingbrave?

A.Womenaremorelikelytodosomethingbravethanmenare.

B.Doingsomethingbravemakesadifferenceintheworld.

C.Doingsomethingbraveisthesamethingasdoingsomethingunusual.

D.Whataherodoesistakingrisks.

7.Fromthisarticle,whatistheveryqualitythatpeopleadmireinothers?

A.Honesty.B.Beauty.C.Shyness.D.Humor.

8.Whatisthemainideaofthisarticle?

A.Heroesarepeoplewhomakeapositivedifferenceintheworldthroughtheiractions.

B.SallyRidewasanastronaut,aneducator,andthefirstAmericanwomantogointospace.

C.Honesty,compassion,andresponsibilityaresomeofthequalitiesthatcanmakeupaperson'scharacter.

D.YueFeiremainsoneofthemostheroicfiguresinChinesehistory.

【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.A8.A

【导语】本文是一篇议论文，讲述了英雄是那些通过自己的行动对世界产生积极影响的人。

4.细节理解题。根据第三段中的最后一句"Theymakeapositivedifferenceintheworld”可知，英雄对世界有

积极的影响。故选C。

5.词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“Intheireverydaylives,they…admiretheircharacter.“可知，在日常生活中，

他们的行为举止令人钦佩。选项意思分别为：lookafter照顾；lookfor寻找；lookforwardto盼望；lookupto

尊敬、钦佩。故选D。

6.段落大意题。第三段主要讲的是做一些勇敢的事情会让世界有所不同。故选B。

7.态度观点题。通读全文并结合选项可知，人们欣赏有诚实品质的人。选项意思分别为：honesty诚实；beauty

美丽；shyness害羞；humor幽默。故选A。

8.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了英雄是那些通过自己的行动对世界产生积极影响的人。故选A。

（2023・陕西西安•校考模拟预测）

Thinkaboutthatifyouarecriticized（扑匕评）fordoingsomethingwrong,howwouldyoufeel?

Muchlikeartiststurnsomethinguselessintosomethinguseful,youcanlearntogetsomeusefulexperience

fromcriticism.

Formostofus,themistakeistoconsidercriticismasabadthing.Thatleadsustocloseourmindsandlooks

downuponwhatotherssaid.Buttheproblemisthatthetruthisoftenhiddenbehindit.Nomatterhowsmartyou

areandhowhardyouwork,thereisalwaysroomforyoutoimprove.

Somecriticismmaybewrong.Buteveninthesecases,ifsvaluablebecauseithelpsyouseeyouractions

throughanotherpoint.Learningfromsuchcriticismrequirestheabilitytomakefeelingsworkforyou,insteadof

beingagainstwithyou.Youcanturnnegativefeedback（负面回馈）intosomethingusefulbyaskingyourselfthe

followingquestions:

•Puttingmypersonalfeelingsaside,whatcanIlearnfromthisperson'scriticism?

•HowcanIusethisfeedbacktohelpmeimprove?

Whenyouseethecriticismasanopportunityforgrowth,itcanhelpyoutoimproveyourideasgreatly.It's

nevergoodtohearthatyouarewrong.Whenyoudoeverything,rememberthis:praiseisnice.Butit'sthepeople

whotellyouthetruththatmakeyoubetter.It'stheoneswhochallengeyouthatwillmakeyougrow.

9.Howdidthewriterstartthepassage?

A.Bylistingafact.B.Bytellingastory.C.Byaskingaquestion.D.Bygivingareason.

10.Whyissomewrongcriticismvaluable?

A.Becauseitcanhelpustorealizehowsmartweare.

B.Becausewecangetsomeusefulexperiencefromit.

C.Becauseitcanhelpustoseeouractionsinanotherway.

D.Becauseitcanleadsustocloseourminds.

11.Whafsthewriter'sopiniononcriticism?

A.Hethinksweshouldconsideritasanopportunityforgrowth.

B.Hethinksitisabadthing.

C.Hethinksallthecriticismiswrong.

D.Hethinkswecanhardlyturnitintosomethinguseful.

【答案】9.C10.C11.A

【导语】本文主要讲述了如何正确看待批评，从中获得有用的经验。

9.推理判断题。根据第一段"Thinkaboutthatifyouarecriticized（批评）fordoingsomethingwrong,howwould

youfeel?”可知，作者是通过设问引出文章的话题。故选C。

10.细节理解题。根据第四段"it，svaluablebecauseithelpsyouseeyouractionsthroughanotherpoint.”可知，

是因为它可以帮助我们以另一种方式看待自己的行为。故选Co

11.细节理解题。根据最后一段"Butifsthepeoplewhotellyouthetruththatmakeyoubetter.Ifstheoneswho

challengeyouthatwillmakeyougrow.”可知，作者认为我们应该把批评看作是一个成长的机会。故选A。

（2023•重庆沙坪坝•重庆南开中学校考二模）

Doestheuniversityyouattendorthemajor（专业）youchoosedecideyoursuccessinthefuture?Accordingto

arecentsurvey,48.6%ofthepeoplebelievethattheuniversityplaysanimportantroleinshapingtheirfuture.But

33.8%ofthepeoplethinkone'smajorismoreimportant.

FuXiisastudentatPekingUniversity,oneofthetopuniversitiesinChina.Hethinkshisuniversitydoes

bringmanyunseenadvantages.6tIfIhadnoacademic（学术的）trainingorexperiencesofdifferentclubsincollege,

Iwouldn'thavesuccessfullygotmyfirstinternship（实习）inaleadingbank,^^FutoldthereporterfromChina

YouthDaily.Asforhim,studentscouldimprovetheirabilitiesthroughinternshipsoracademicactivitiestomake

themselvesreadyforajoborfurtherstudies,nomatterwhichmajortheychoose.

However,ChenYufei,20yearsold,whostudiesJapaneseatTianjinUniversity,doesn'tthinkso.▲After

gettinglowerscoresthanexpectedinGaokao,Chenlostthechancetostudyherfavoritemajor-Chinese.

“HavingnointerestinJapanese,IfeltunhappywhentakingJapaneseclassesinthefirstyear,“Chensaid.Later,she

hadproblemsinfindingherdreamjob."Differentmajorswillleadtodifferentjobswhichfinallyleadtodifferent

incomes（收入）,“Chenadded.ShethinksthatevenstudentswhomajorinJapaneseatwell-knownuniversitieswill

mostprobablymakelessmoneythanthosewhomajorincomputerscience.

Boththeuniversityandone'smajorareimportant,buttheydon'tnecessarilydecideyourlife,accordingto

ChuZhaohui,aprofessionalresearcheroftheNationalInstituteofEducationSciences."Forstudents,personal

developmentiscloselyconnectedwiththeirperformanceintheuniversity,Chusaid.

12.FromParagraph2,weknowthat.

A.FuXiisreallythankfultohisuniversity

B.FuXidoesn'tenjoyworkinginaleadingbank

C.FuXicansucceed,nomatterwhatuniversityhechooses

D.FuXidislikeshismajor,buthetriestoimprovehisabilities

13.Whichofthefollowingcanbeputinthe▲?

A.ShebelievessheshouldstudycomputerscienceinsteadofJapanese.

B.Shebelievesbothuniversityandmajorarethekeytoone'ssuccess.

C.Shebelievesthatarightmajorhasmuchmoreweightthanagooduniversity.

D.Shebelieveswhateveryourmajoris,youmuststudyhard.

14.Inthelastparagraph,ChuZhaohui'swordsarementionedto.

A.teachstudentshowtochooseagoodmajoranduniversity

B.showwhatstudentsthinkaboutthesurveyisreasonable

C.tellstudentsthatone'sfuturedependsonhismajoranduniversity

D.advisestudentstopaymoreattentiontowhattheydointheuniversity

15.Thewriterdevelopsthewholepassageby.

A.tellingstoriesB.listingnumbersC.raisingquestionsD.sharingopinions

【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.D

【导语】本文是一篇议论文，作者就上大学时，学校和专业哪一个更重要分享了不同人的观点。

12.细节理解题。根据原文“Hethinkshisuniversitydoesbringmanyunseenadvantages”可知，北京大学为FuXi

带来了许多隐形优势，所以他对学校很是感激。故选A。

13.词句猜测题。感激下文"ShethinksthatevenstudentswhomajorinJapaneseatwell-knownuniversitieswill

mostprobablymakelessmoneythanthosewhomajorincomputerscience”可知，ChenYufei认为所学的专业比

大学学校的名气更重要。C选项“她认为，一个合适的专业比一所好大学更有分量”符合语境，故选C。

14.推理判断题。根据原文“Forstudents,personaldevelopmentiscloselyconnectedwiththeirperformanceinthe

university”可知，文中列出ChuZhaohui的话是建议学生们要更加注重他们在大学里所做的表现。故选D。

15.主旨大意题。本文是一篇议论文，作者就上大学时，学校和专业哪一个更重要分享了不同人的观点。

故选Do

（2023・四川泸州・统考二模）

Socialmediaisoneofthefastest-growingindustriesintheworldtoday.Astudycarriedoutbythe

PewResearchCentershowedthat92percentofteenagersgoonlinedaily.Thewideuseofsocialmediahaschanged

nearlyallpartsofteenagerslives.

Changingrelationships:

HighschoolstudentEllyCooperfromIllinoissaidsocialmediaoftenreducesface-to-facecommunication.4tIt

makesin-personrelationshipsharderbecausepeoplegiveattentiontotheirphonesinsteadoftheirboyfriendsor

girlfriends,9,Coopersaid.Yet,somepeoplebelievesocialmediahasmadeiteasiertostartrelationshipswith

anyonefromanywhere.BethKaplanfromIllinoismetherlong-distancefriendthroughsocialmedia.Nowhelives

inScotland,butthey5restilloftenabletocommunicatewitheachother."IcanfeelclosetosomeonethatI'm

talkingtobyFaceTime,“Kaplansaid.

Wantingtobe“liked”:

Theriseofsocialmediahaschangedthewayteenagersseethemselves.The19-year-oldEssenaO'Neill

announcedonthesocialnetworkingserviceInstagramthatshehadstoppedusingsocialmedia.Shethoughtshehad

gottenlostinappearingperfectonline.Negativecommentscanalsododamagetoateenagerself-esteem（自尊）.

Teenagerswhogetnegativecommentscan'thelpbutfeelhurt.Inparticular,somesocialmediaappssuchasYik

Yakmayprovideopportunitiesforcyberbullying（网络欺凌）.

Openingnewdoors:

However,ArminKorsos,astudentfromIllinois,takesadvantageofthecommentshereceivesoversocial

mediatoimprovehisvideosonthesocialnetworkingsiteYouTube."Socialmediacanhelppeopleshow

themselvesandtheirtalentstotheworldinawaythatwasneverpossiblebefore,Korsossaid.

ButKorsosrealizesthatsocialmediahasbecomeadistraction（让人分心的事）.“Socialmediaisnotall

necessary,thoughithelpspeopleconnectwiththeirfriendsandknoweachotherwellanytime.^^

16.Howdoessocialmediachangerelationships,accordingtothearticle?

A.Itpushespeopletomeettheirfriendsmoreoftenoffline.

B.Itencouragespeopletopaymoreattentiontothosearoundthem.

C.Itenablesuserstounderstandcorrectlywhatothersaretalkingaboutonline.

D.Itallowspeopletokeepintouchwiththeirfriendswholivefarawaymoreeasily.

17.Theunderlinedword"comments“meansinthepassage.

A.opinionsB.suggestionsC.conversationsD.orders

18.WhatdoesEssenaO'Neillthinkofsocialmedia?

A.Itdevelopsherconfidence.

B.Ithelpshermakefriends.

C.Ithurtsherseriously.

D.ItmakeshertiredofusingsocialmediaappYikYak.

19.WhichstatementabouttheuseofsocialmediawouldArminKorsosprobablyagreewith?

A.Usingsocialmediacanonlygetnegativecomments.

B.Usingsocialmediacanonlyreduceface-to-facecommunication.

C.Usingsocialmediaisnecessarybecauseitcanhelpknowfriendswellanytime.

D.Socialmediacancreateopportunitiesforteenagerstodevelopthemselves.

20.Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?

A.Themajorproblemswithsocialmedia.

B.Socialmedia'sinfluenceonteenagers.

C.Howteenagersbenefit（受益）fromsocialmedia.

D.Whysocialmediaattractssomanyteenagers.

【答案】16.D17.A18.C19.D20.B

【导语】本文主要介绍了社交媒体对青少年的影响。

16.细节理解题。根据第三段“Yet,somepeoplebelievesocialmediahasmadeiteasiertostartrelationshipswith

anyonefromanywhere.BethKaplanfromIllinoismetherlong-distancefriendthroughsocialmedia.Nowhelives

inScotland,butthey'restilloftenabletocommunicatewitheachother.”可知人们相隔遥远也可以通过方便的社

交软件得到联系。故选D。

17.词义猜测题。止匕句"Negativecommentscanalsododamagetoateenagerself-esteem（自尊）.Teenagerswhoget

negativecommentscan'thelpbutfeelhurt.”句意为“负面评论也会损害青少年的自尊。受到负面评价的青少年

会不由自主地感到受伤。”由此可知，下划线单词“comments”意为“评价”。故选A。

18.细节理解题。根据第五段“The19-year-oldEssenaO'Neillannouncedonthesocialnetworkingservice

Instagramthatshehadstoppedusingsocialmedia.Shethoughtshehadgottenlostinappearingperfectonline.“可

知她发现自己过度沉迷于网络。故选C。

19.细节理解题。根据第七段"Socialmediacanhelppeopleshowthemselvesandtheirtalentstotheworldina

waythatwasneverpossiblebefbre”可知Korsos认为，合理正确的使用了社交媒介能够对青少年有很大的好

处，可以向他人展示才华。故选D。

20.主旨大意题。根据第一段"Socialmediaisoneofthefastest-growingindustriesintheworldtoday...Thewide

useofsocialmediahaschangednearlyallpartsofteenagerslives.“可知，社交媒体是当今世界上发展最快的行

业之一，社交媒体的广泛传播改变了青少年生活的几乎所有部分，主要从三个方面的改变进行说明。由此

可知，本文的主题是社交媒体对青少年的影响。故选B。

（2023•安徽宿州・统考二模）

HuangYu'sbelovedcatDasuandied.Huangwasquitesad.But66dayslater,Dasuan“comeback”.Huanggot

anewcatthatlooksalmostthesameasDasuanthankstocloning（克隆）technology.

DasuanisChina?sfirstclonedcat.ThecatwasbominsidealabownedbyacompanyinBeijing.Toclonethe

cat,thecompany'sexpertstookcells（细胞）fromDasuanandcreatedanembryo（胚胎）.Thentheyputitintoacat

mother.

Infact,cloningpetsisnotanewthing.In2001,theworld'sfirstclonedcatwasbomintheUS.In2005,the

world'sfirstcloneddogwasbominSouthKorea.Sincecatshaveuniquereproductivefeatures,theyaremore

difficulttoclone.

However,thereareargumentsagainstpetcloning.Thoughtheclonedpetscopythedeadpefsappearance,

theyhavedifferentpersonalities.Thafswhypetownershavedifferentopinionsaboutthis.Somepetloverslike

Huangthinkacloneisagoodreplacementfortheirdeadpets.Butothersworrythathavingthesameappearance

butadifferentpersonalitywillleadtomorepaininthelongrun.Knowingthis,thecompanysaysithopestouseAI

andothertechnologiestomovememoriestoclonedpetsinthefuture.

Moreover,scientiststhinkclonedpetsaren'tashealthyasnaturallybompets.Theymayliveshorterlives.

Someanimalloversthinkcloningpetsisunacceptablebecausealargenumberofhomelessanimalsstillneed

homes.Theysaythereisnoneedtoclone.

21.Howdoesthewriterbeginthetext?

A.Bygivinganexample.B.Bylistingsomenumbers.

C.Byaskingaquestion.D.Byexplainingsomefacts.

22.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it”inParagraph2referto（指的是）？

A.Theembryo.B.Thecell.C.Thepet.D.Thecat.

23.Whatisthebesttitle（标题）forthetext?

A.Thefirstclonedcat.B.Abelovedpetcat.

C.Howtoclonepets?D.Shouldweclonepets?

【答案】21.A22.A23.D

【导语】本文讲述了克隆宠物的事情，以及人们对克隆宠物的不同看法。

21.细节理解题。根据第一段“HuangYh'sbelovedcatDasuandied.Huangwasquitesad.But66dayslater,Dasuan'comeback*.

HuanggotanewcatthatlooksalmostthesameasDasuanthankstocloningtechnology.nJ知，作者通过列举黄雨的例子开始写文

章，故选A。

22.词义猜测题。根据“Toclonethecat,thecompany'sexpertstookcellsfromDasuanandcreatedanembryo.“可知，是把胚胎植

入猫妈妈体内，所以it指代“胚胎”，故选A。

23.最佳标题题。本文主要讲述了克隆宠物的事情，以及人们对克隆宠物的不同看法，所以选项D“我们应该克隆宠物吗？”

适合做标题，故选D。

（2023•江西九江•统考二模）

ChinaandWesterncountriesmayhavedifferentculturalbeliefsaboutcertainanimals,butwhenitcomesto

pigs,wehavesomehowreachedanagreement-thatpigsareugly,lazy,stupidandshameless.

Justlookattheidioms（习语）andphrasesinourlanguages.InChinese,wehavethelikesof“boilingadead

pig”,and"apiglookinginthemirrorisstillapig”.AndinEnglish,thereareidiomssuchas"eatinglikeapig”and

""sweatinglikeapig”.Noneofthemareaboutthegoodones.

Infact,sciencelongagoprovedthatpigsaren'tstupidatall.Accordingtoapaperpublishedin2017inthe

InternationalJournalofComparativePsychology,pigsare"mentallyandsociallysimilartodogsandchimpanzees^^.

Theyliketoplay.Theyhavegoodlong-termmemories.Andtheyknowthedifferencebetweenthosewhotreat

themwellandthosewhodon't.

Therearelovablepigcharactersincartoons,too.PeppaPig,forexample,aUKtelevisionseriesthatbeganin

2004,hasnowbecomeoneofthemostpopularcartoonsin180countriesandregions.Thefourmembersinthe

cartoon'spigfamilyteachchildrenfromallaroundtheworldaboutlove,friendshipandthevalueoffamily.Andin

China,theadventuresofMcDullshowthestoryofapigletwhoworkshardforhisdreams.Eventhoughhekeeps

failing,heisneverdefeated.

“Peopleareputtingtoomuchfocusonefficiency（效率）andimmediateresults,butMcDullisslowandpatient,

andnotafraidofrepeatedfailures,9,saidMcDull'screatorBrianTsewhenshewaspromotingthefilmMcDull,

KungFuDingDingDonginBeijing.uHehasaheartofgold."Perhapsthesearethequalitiesofpigstokeepin

mindwhenwethinkofpigsagain-theirintelligence,cuteness,patienceandinnocence（纯真）.

24.WhichisNOTthecommonbeliefthatChinaandWesterncountriesmayhaveaboutpigs?

A.Ugly.B.Lovely.C.Lazy.D.Stupid.

25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"them"inthesecondparagraphreferto?

A.theidiomsB.somepigsC.certaincartoonsD.allpigcharacters

26.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Pigshavegoodshort-termmemories.

B.McDullputstoomuchfocusonefficiency.

C.PeppaPigteachespeopleaboutlove,friendshipandthevalueoffamily.

D.McDull,KungFuDingDingDongisapopulartelevisionseriesthatbeganin2004.

27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“defeated"inParagraph4mean?

A.succeededB.beatenC.achievedD.challenged

28.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthispassage?

A.Tointroducetwointerestingcartoonsaboutpigs.

B.Toprovethatpigsareugly,lazy,stupidandshameless.

C.Toshowpigscanbeintelligent,cute,patientandinnocent.

D.TosharedifferentbeliefsaboutpigsinChinaandWesterncountries.

【答案】24.B25.A26.C27.B28.C

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了“小猪佩奇”和“麦兜”等影片打破了对猪的刻板印象，描述了猪

的一些美好特性。

24.细节理解题。根据“butwhenitcomestopigs,wehavesomehowreachedanagreement-thatpigsareugly,

lazy,stupidandshameless.”可知，中国和西方对于猪的印象都是丑陋、懒惰、愚蠢和无耻，没有提及可爱，

故选Bo

25.词句猜测题。根据"Justlookattheidioms（习in）andphrasesinourlang