阅读理解（议论文）-2025年中考英语专项复习（解析版）

专题13阅读理解议论文

考情聚焦

课标要求

近三年全国中考针对阅读理解议论文的考察，除了树立正确的人生观，价值观之外，对于同学们对于自己

独特特点的表达也是一个新的考察方向；

考Z7占八、、,•

议论文的话题分类；

议论文的结构框架；

议论文的主题句提取；

考向

考向一：议论文的话题分类

1.（2024天津中考真题）

TheInternetisoftenusedtobuyandsellproducts,paybills,andcommunicatewithpeople.Buthowsafeisitwhen

youusetheInternet?OurmagazineInteractionsaskedsomeInternetusersabouttheirexperiences.

Linda,29,nurse:Ipayallmybillsonline.Oneday,Ireceivedanemailfrommybank.Ittoldmethasomeone

wastryingtotakeoutmoneyfrommyaccount（帐号），soIshouldemailmypassword（密码）tothe“bank

manager".Ifeltsomethingwaswrong,so1calledmybankandaskedabouttheiremail,andtheysaidtheynever

sentit.Irealisedthatsomeonetriedtocheat（欺骗）meofmymoney.Illcontinuepayingmybillsthisway,butFil

bemorecareful.

Emily,22,officeworker:Iwasatwork,andIsentanemailtoafiriendofmine.Iwastellingheraboutmy

problemswithMark,themanager.Afewminuteslater,afriendofMark'scameovertomydesk.Hesaid."Soyou

thinkMarkistoostrict?"Myfacewasred.1chosethewrongnameonmyaddresslist.Itwasmyownfault.look

overmyemailsmorecarefullybefore1click"Send''nexttime.

Thomas,21,universitystudent:IlovetheInternet!1lookuplotsofinformationonline.1oftenbuythingsonthe

websites-furniture,clothes,CDs,evenfoods.Ihavealsosoldsomeof*mythingsontheInternet.1onlyusethe

websitesItrustandPveneverhadasafetyproblem.

1.Whereisthepassagetakenfrom?

A.AdiaryB.Anovel.C.Amagazine.D.Ahistorybook.

2.Lindaprobablygottheemailfromapersonwho

A.refusedtolendmoneytoher

B.askedaboutherexperiences

C.soldthingstoheronthewebsites

D.triedtocheatherofhermoney

3.Thewordt6faultninParagraph3means.

A.projectB.mistakeC.advantageD.plan

4.Whosharedenjoyableexperiencesaccordingtothepassage?

A.Linda.B.Emily.

C.MaryD.Thomas.

5.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.TheInternet:HowSafeIsIt?

B.TheBank:HowUsefulIsIt?

C.TheWebsite:HowCheapIsIt?

D.TheMagazine:HowAmazingIsIt?

【答案】l.C2,D3.B4.D5.A

【导语】本文主要就互联网安全，介绍几位互联网用户的经历。

【解析】

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据"OurmagazineInteractionsaskedsomeIntemmetusersabouttheirexperiences.”可矢口，本文

来自杂志，故选C。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据"OurmagazineInteractionsaskedsomeIntemmetusersabouttheirexperiences.〃可矢口，本文

来细节理解题。根据"Irealisedthatsomeonetriedtocheat（欺骗）meofmymoney.〃可知，琳达可能是从一个想

骗她钱的人那里收到这封邮件的，故选Do

【3题详解】

词句猜测题。根据"Ichosethewrongnameonmyaddresslist.Itwasmyownfault”可知，我把通讯录上的名字

选错了，这是自己的错，故选Bo

[4题详解】

细节理解题。根据"HovetheIntermet!..IonlyusethewebsitesItrustandI'veneverhadasafetyproblem.”'可知,

Thomas分享了愉快的经历，故选D。

15题详解】

最佳标题题。本文主要就互联网安全，介绍几位互联网用户的经历。故选A.

上画2视

2.（2024广东中考真题）

Peopleknowanimalsdohavefeelings,buttheyarenotsureifthesefeelingsarecorrectlyunderstood.Inrece

ntyears,scientistshavedoneresearchaboutthefeelingsofcows,frogsandpandas.Itsaysthathu

malcantellwhetherachickenishappyorsadbylisteningtoitscalls.

Theresearchersputabowlbehindadoor,Insidethebowl,solmetimes,therewassomethingchickens

lovetoeat,suchasriceorinsects.Sometimes,therewasnothing.Whenthechickenssawfoodbehindth

edoor,theseemedhappyandproducedfastandloudsounds,knownasfood.Whentherewasn'tfood.thec

hickensmadelowandlongnoisestoexpressdisappointment.Theresearchersrecordedallthese

soundsandstudiedtheirwaves.

Thentheresearcherschose16recordingsofsuchchickennoises.Halfwerefromthechickensseeingthe

foodandhalfwerefromthechickensfindingnofood.Therecordingswereplayedto194volunteers.Sixty-n

inepercenofthevolunteerscorrectlyunderstoodwhetherthechickenswerefeelinghappyornot,andsomeof

themevenhadnoexperienceoftakingcareofchickens.

Theresultshowsthathumanshavethenaturalabilitytounderstandthefeelingsofchickens.Hopefully,

thifindingcanbringaboutnewtechnologytohelpwithchicken-raising,abigindustryinmanycountries.Some

scientistsarealreadyworkingonasmartcomputerprogramthatcanidentifychickens5feelings.Thisisgoodnews

forfarmerswhowanttomakethebirdshappierandhealthier

6.Whichofthefollowingcanbeputin""inParagraph1?

A.Humansmaynotlikeanimals.

B.Scientistsknownothingaboutit

C.Nobodyknowswhythishappens

D.Anewstudyaddschickenstothelist.

8.Howdidthevolunteershelpwiththeresearch?

A.Bylisteningtothechickencalls.

B.Bytakingcareofthechickens.

CByfindingfoodforthechickens

D.Bymakingthechickenshappy

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword""identify"meaninParagraph4?

C.RecognizeA.Control..B.Hide.D.Hurt.

10.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Chickens*FoodCalls

B.HappyChickens,SadChickens

C.Farmers9BestChoice

D.SmartFarmers,HealthyFarmers

【答案】6.D8.A9.C10.B

【导语】本文进行一个研究，研究结果表明人类可以通过听鸡的叫声来判断它是高兴还是悲伤.

【解析】

【6题详解】

推理判断题。根据"Inrecentyears,scientistshavedoneresearchaboutthefeelingsofcows,frogsandpandasit

saysthathumanscantellwhetherachickenishappyorsadbylisteningtoitscalls."可知，空前提到牛、青蛙

和熊猫，空后提到鸡，选项D“一项新的研究将鸡加入了这个名单”符合语境，故选D。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。根据“Therecordingswereplayedto194volunteers"”可知，这些录音播放给194名志愿者听所

以志愿者们是通过听鸡叫来帮助这项研究，故选A。

[9题详解】

词句猜测题。根据“Somescientistsarealreadyworkingonasmartcomputerprogramthatcanidentifychickens.

新题特训

3.Duringtheirbusylives,peopledonotpaymuchattentiontotheexpirydates（有效期）onthefoodintheir

firidges.Asaresult,alotoffoodisforgottenaboutandwasted.However,accordingtoarecentresearch,being

awareof（意识至U）whatyouthrowawaycanhelpyouwasteless.

Theresearchersmeasured（测量）foodwastefrom154familiesacrosstheUK.Halfofthesefamiliesinthe

researchwereaskedtolistthefiruitsandvegetablestheyhadboughtandtheirexpirydates.Thefamiliesstuck

thelistonthefridgedoorandreceivedatextmessageeverydaytellingthemtocheckitTheotherhalfdidnothave

tomakealistanddidnotreceivetextmessages.Overasix-weekperiod,allthefamilieswereaskedtomeasure

theilfoodwasteattheendofeachweek.

Theresearchersweresurprisedtofindthatmakinglistsandgettingtextsmadelittledifferencetohowmuchfood

waswasted.However,eachfamilyintheresearchwastedlessfoodabout0.1kiloaweek.Theresearcherscarried

ontheresearchforsixmonths,andfoundthatallthefamiliescontinuedtowastelessfood.Thisshowsthatjust

measuringfoodwasteencouragespeopletopaycloserattentiontoitandthrowlessaway.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inparagraph2referto（指的是）？

A.Theresearch..

B.Thelist.

C.Thedoor.

D.Themessage

11.Whatisintroducedinparagraph3aboutthesix-weekresearch?

A.Itspurpose..

B.Itsmethod.

C.Itssteps!

D.Itsresults!

12.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitle（标题）forthetext?

A.MeasureFoodWastetoStopIt

C.ChecktheFoodBeforeStoringIt

B.PayAttentiontoWhatYouBuy!

D.GiveThoughttoYourBusyLife

【答案】10.Bll.D12.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项关于减少食物浪费的研究。

[10题详解】

翻译推理判断题。根据“Thefamiliesstuckthelistonthefridgedoorandreceivedatextmessageeverydaytelling

themtocheckit.”可知，这些家庭把食物清单贴在冰箱门上，并且被要求每天检查。故此处it指代上文中提

到的“清单”。故选Bo

[11题详解】

细节理解题。通读第三段可知，本段主要介绍了研究的结果。故选Do

[12题详解】

最佳标题题。根据"Thisshowsthatjustmeasuringfoodwasteencouragespeopletopaycloserattentiontoitand

throwlessaway.”及全文可知，文章介绍了一项关于食物浪费的研究，研究发现，只要监测食物浪费情况就

可以减少食物的浪费，故文章最佳标题是“MeasureFoodWastetoStopIt”。故选A。

4.Ifyougetangrymanytimesinaday,itistimeforyoutothinkabouthowtodealwithit.Herearesomeofmy

suggestions.

Whenyouareangry,trytotellyourselfthroughanothervoicethatyouareangryandthatitisnotabadthing.

Itjustshowsthatyouhavedifferentideas.Acceptthatmanythingsarenot100%rightorwrong.Inour

communicationwithothers,thefinalpurposeisnottodecidewhoisrightandwhoiswrong,buttolookfor

somethingincommon.

Ifyoustillfeelstronganger,trytakingadeepbreathandletangeroutofyourbodyalongwiththebreath.Don*t

sayangrywordswhenyouareveryangry,foryouwillregretsayingthemwhenyoucooldown.

Discussingwithathirdpartyishelpful.Itishardforthetwopartiesinangertounderstandeachother,but

thideaofanoutsidercanhelpbothpartiestogetmutual（相互的）understanding.

Angerisjustoneofthemanyemotions6青绪）thatmakeushuman,andtowellmanageitaddstoourabilityto

trulyunderstandtheworld.

13.Whatisthefinalpurposeofcommunicationwithotherpeople?

A.Toshowdifferentideas..

B.Tolookforsomethingincommon

C.Toacceptusefulsuggestions

D.Todecidewhetheroneisrightornot

14.Whatdoesthewriteradviseustodowhenwecan'tcooldown?

A.Sayangrywords.

B.Trytakingadeepbreathi

C.Controlourvoices.

D.Stoptalkingwithothers!

15.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“party'"inparagraph4mean?

A.Anactivity.

B.Avisitor.

C.Aperson.

D.Ameeting.

16.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Howtomanageanger.

B.Howtoshowfeelings.

C.Howtodealwithregrets.

D.Howtounderstandtheworld.

【答案】13.B14.B15.C16.A

【解析】

【导语】本文主要介绍了如何处理生气这种情绪。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据“thefinalpurposeisnottodecidewhoisrightandwhoiswrong,buttolookforsomething

incommon”可知，最终目的不是决定谁对谁错，而是寻找共同之处。故选B。

【14题详解】

细节理解题。根据"Ifyoustillfeelstronganger,trytakingadeepbreath（呼吸）andletangeroutofyour

bodyalongwiththebreath.”可知，应该要深呼吸，故选B。

[15题详解】词义猜测题。根据“buttheideaofanoutsidercanhelpbothpartiestogetmutual（相互的）

understanding.”可知，局外人的想法可以帮助双方获得相互理解，所以这里指的是第三方人，故选C。

[16题详解】

主旨大意题。根据"Ifyougetangrymanytimesinaday,itistimeforyoutothinkabouthowtodealwithit.Here

aresomeofmysuggestions.”可知，本文主要介绍了如何处理生气这种情绪。故选A。

5.DennisHongandhisstudentsdesign（设计）human-likerobots.ThisincludesacookingrobotcalledProject

YOR1.YOR1isonlythelatestofHong'srobotinventions,There'sDAVID,theworld'sfirstandonlycarthatcanbe

drivenbytheblind.AndSAFFiR,atwo-leggedrobotthatcandodangerousworkthathumansunabletodo.Hong

isfindingplentyofworkforhisrobots.

Whenhewasaskedabouthisbiggestsuccess,HongchosetherobotcalledDARwIn-OP.Hethoughtit

waoneofthemostwidelyusedhuman-likerobotsforresearchandeducation.Hong*steammadeDARwln's

desigfreeforanyonetouse.Theyhaveseenmanyprojectsusingthedesign.Andtheyconsideritagifttothe

roboticscommunity.

“Manypeopleonlywanttoseeoursuccessesandnotthefailuresthatcamebeforethose,butfailureissimply

asteppingstoneindevelopingnewtechnology.Ifyou'retooafraidoffailure,thenyouonlygettowalkonthesafer

side,andthenthere'snoinnovation（仓4新）JsaidHong."Itellmystudentstotrybreakingtherobot.Iftherobot

doesn'tfallanddoesn'tbreak,wedon'tgettolearnanything.

17.WhichrobotisthemostrecentinventionbyDennisHong'steam?

A.YORLB.DAVL.C.SAFFiR.D.DARwIn-OP.

18.WhatisspecialaboutDARwInaccordingtothetext?

A.Itstechnologyisthelatest.B.Itisapopularrobotfortheblind.

B.Itisthefirsthuman-likerobot.D.Itsdesignisfreeforanyonetouse.

19.WhatdoesDennisHongencouragehisstudentstodo?

A.Walkonthesaferside.

B.Domoreforeducation

C.Keeptryingandlearning

D.Avoidmakingmistake

【答案】17.A18.D19.C

【导语】本文主要介绍了丹尼斯・洪和他的学生设计的类人机器人。

【17题详解】

细节理解题。根据“DennisHongandhisstudentsdesign（设计）human-likerobots.Thisincludesacookingrobot

calledProjectYORL”可知，YORI是丹尼斯・洪的团队最近发明的。故选A。

【18题详解】

细节理解题。根据"Hong'steammadeDARwIn?sdesignfreeforanyonetouse.”可知，它的特殊之处在于它的

设计对任何人都是免费的。故选D。

[19题详解】

推理判断题。根据"Ifyou*retooafraidoffailure,thenyouonlygettowalkonthesaferside,andthenthere*sno

innovation（仓ll新）“和tellmystudentstotrybreakingtherobot.Iftherobotdoesn*tfallanddoesn*tbreak,we

dontgettolearnanything”可推断出，丹尼斯・洪鼓励他的学生不断尝试和学习。故选C。

6.Thoughoceanscoverabout71percentoftheearth*ssurface,there*sstillalotwedon'tknowaboutthem.Only

about20percentoftheseafloorhasbeenmapped,andtheremaining80percentisstillasecrettous.Some

scientistseventhinkthat91percentofseaanimashaveyettobediscovered.

Sowhydoweknowsolittleaboutthedeepsea?Well,gettingtothosedepthsisverydifficultandrequireshigh

technologythatsimplydidn'tcomeintobeingformostofhumanhistory.Thefirstnavigablesubmarine（驾驶的

潜水艇）.forexample,wasbuiltin1620anditcoudn'tgomorethanfivemetersbelowthesurface.Infact,foralong

timemanyscientistsdidn'teventhiuthattherecouldbeanylifeatdepthsgreaterthan550meteranddidn*tsee

muchneedtoexplorethedeepsea.However,thischangedin1862whenlifewasdiscoveredasfardownas945

metersbelowthesealevelwiththehelpofadiggingmachine.Tenyearslater,around4700species（物种）unknown

beforefromtheoceanfloorwerediscovered.

Sincethen,hightechnologyhasbeendevelopedtohelpexplorethedeepsea,includingsatellites.Butwhy

isorationstillsodifficult?Well,atgreaterdepthsitisfreezing（极冷的）.everythingiscompletelydark,andthe

pressurecanbeover1.000timesgreaterthanthatonthesurface.

Thoughwehavethedifficulties,it'simportantthatweunderstandthesea,Theyhelpcontroltheearth's

temperatureandproducehalfoftheoxygen（Oz）intheair.Theycanalsoprovideuswithinformationabout

climatechange.Ourfuturedependsonlearningmoreaboutouroceans,anditispossibleforustoreallyunderstand

whatisongoingbelowthesurface.

20.WhyaresomenumberslistedinParagraph1?

A.Tointroducehowimportantoceansare.

B.Todiscusswhyseaanimalshaveyettobefoundout

C.Toexplainthatoceanscoveralargeareaoftheearth.

D.Toshowthatwehaveonlyalittleunderstandingofoceans

21.Whatcausedthechangeofexplorationintothedeepsea?

A.Hightechnology.

B.Unknownspecies.

C.Apleasantenvironment.

D.Valuableinformation.

22.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"They"inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Seaanimals.

B.Theseas.

C.Thesatellites.

D.Manyscientists.

23.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.Itisdifficulttobuildanavigablesubmarine.

B.Theseashaveastronginfluenceonourfuture.

C.Theseashavenolivesatadepthof550meters

D.Itiseasiertogointothedeepseathanwethink

hanfivemetersbelowthesurface.

24.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthetext?

A.HiddenTreasuresinDeepSea

B.UnlockedSecretsofDeepSea

C.Deep-SeaExploration:IntotheFreezingDepths

D.Deep-SeaExploration:ThePastandtheFuture

【答案】20.D21.A22.B23.B24.C

【解析】

【导语】本文介绍了了解海洋的重要性。

【20题详解】

推理判断题。根据"Thoughoceanscoverabout71percentoftheearth'ssurface,there'sstillalotwedon't

knovaboutthem...”可知列举的数字表明，尽管海洋覆盖地球的71%,但是我们仍然知之甚少。故选D。

【21题详解】

推理判断题。根据"Infact,foralongtimemanyscientistsdidn'teventhinkthattherecouldbeanylifeat

depth.greaterthan550metersanddidn'tseemuchneedtoexplorethedeepsea."和"Sincethen,hightechnology

hasbeendevelopedtohelpexplorethedeepsea,includingsatellites.”可知探索深海需要高科技的帮助。故选A

【22题详解】

词义推断题o根据“Thoughwehavethedificulties,it'simportantthatweunderstandtheseas."可知虽然我们有困

难，但了解海洋是很重要的。此处they指代上文的seaso故选B。

[23题详解】

细节理解题。根据"Ourfuturedependsonlearningmoreaboutouroceans,anditispossibleforusto

reallunderstandwhatisongoingbelowthesurface."可知我们的未来取决于更多地了解我们的海洋，说明海洋对

我们的未来有很大影响。故选B„

【24题详解】

最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了探索海洋的重要性，根据“Sincethen,hightechnologyhasbeendevelopedtohelp

explorethedeepsea,includingsatellites.Butwhyisdeep-seaexplorationstillsodifficult?”可知主要是介绍深海

探究的现状，并不是过去与未来。故选C。

7.ItwasreportedinMay2024thattheChinawildlifeConservatinAssociation（CWCA,中国野生动物保护协会）

willsendgiantpandasYunChuanandXinBaototheSanDiegoZoointheUnitedStates,whichisasymbolofa

new10-yearperiodofInternationalConsevationpartnershipCLleDCeswithalargaretakersanddoctorstogowith

thepandastotheliS.Thezooistithasalsoformedaandmorecomfortablelivingenvironmennwithsnecialskills

relatedwithnandacaredailynursing,andscientificresearch.

Thecooperation（台作）betweentheCWCAandtheSanDiegoZoodatesbackto1996whenBaiYunand

shishibecamethefirstpairofpandastoliveinthezoo.GiantpandasHuaMei,bomin1999,andMeiShengShi

Shibecamethefirstpairofpandastoliveinthezoo.Giantpbornin2003,whousedtolivethere,aretheresultof

China-USgiantpandaresearchcooperation.Overthepasttwentyyears,thetwosideshavecooperatedandsolved

manytechnicalproblems,includingimportantdiscoveriesinkeyareaslikepandaraising.

Sincethe1990s,Chinahascooperatedongiantpandaconservationwith20countries."International

cooperationinfieldssuchasdiseasepreventionandcontrol,treatment,andwildtrainingandreintroductiontothe

wild,hasachievedgoodresults.Giantpandaswillfacilitatecommunicationbetweenpeopleandletpeoplearound

theworldknowChinabetter,"saidLi,theleaderoftheChinaConservationandResearchCenterofGiantPanda.

""Scientificandeducationaloutreach（延伸月艮务）alsoservesasakeyroleininternationalgiantpanda

exchanges,allowingmorepeopletounderstandgiantpandas,whichprovidesverygoodsupportforoureffortsin

protectingwildgiantpandas,nLisaid.

25.China'ssendingYunChuanandXinBaototheSanDiegoZoomeans

A.agoodlivingconditionforpandas

B.anewageofconservationcooperation

C.agreatachievementinscientificresearch

D.along-termplanfortrainingpandacaretakers

26.HowlonghavetheCWCAandtheSanDiegoZoocooperated?

A.21years.

B.25years..

C.28years.

D.34years.

27.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Thehistoryofthecooperation.

B.Theraisingofthegiantpandas.

C.ThelivesofthepandasintheUS.

D.Theprocessofsolvingtheproblems.

28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword'"facilitate"inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Expect.B.Create.C.Improve.D.Receivel

29.Whatdoweknowfromthelastparagraph?

A.Scientificresearchiswellonitsway.

B.Theoutreachplaysanimportantpart.

C.Thecooperationrequiresinternationalsupport.

D.Educationaboutwildlifeprotectionisabigsuccess

【答案】25.B26.C27.A28.C29.B

【解析】

【导语】本文介绍了中国对大熊猫外交的重视程度，并呼吁人们保护大熊猫.

[25题详解】

细节理解题。根据“ItwasreportedinMay2024thattheChinaWildlifeConservationAssociationwillsend

giarpandasYunChuanandXinBaototheSanDiegoZoointheUnitedStates,whichisasymbolofanew

10-yearperiodofinterationalconseivationpartnership,“可知中国野生动物保护协会将把大熊猫云川和鑫宝送往

美国圣地亚哥动物园，这标志着双方新的10年国际保护伙伴关系。故选B。

【26题详解】

推理判断题。根据"ThecooperationbetweentheCWCAandtheSanDiegoZoodatesbackto1996whenBaiYun

andShiShibecamethefirstpairofjpandastoliveinthezOO.“可知中国野生动物保护协会和圣地亚哥动物园的

合作是从1996年开始，到现在已经28年了。故选C。

【27题详解】

推理判断题。根据"ThecooperationbetweentheCWCAandtheSanDiegoZoodatesbackto1996whenBaiYun

andShiShibecamethefirstpairofpandastoliveinthezOO.”可知本段介绍了中国野生动物保护协会和圣地亚

哥动物园的合作。故选Ao

[28题详解】

词义推断题。根据"Giantpandaswillfacilitatecommunicationbetweenpeoplesandletpeoplearoundthe

worldknowChinabetter”可知大熊猫会促进人们的沟通，让世界人们了解中国，facilitate有“促进”的意思，

用improve意思相近。故选C。

[29题详解】

推理判断题。根据“Scientificandeducationaloutreachalsoservesasakeyroleininternationalgiant

pandaexchanges,allowingmorepeopletounderstandgiantpandas,whichprovidesverygoodsupportforour

effortsinprotectingwildgiantpandas,”可知最后一段介绍了延伸服务的重要作用。故选B。

8.TheHutuoRiveristheriverofShijiazhuang,thecapitalcityofHebei.About20yearsago,itwasdirtyand

almostdriedup.

WuWenzhong,a58-year-oldvillager,livesnear