大题03阅读理解说明文(原卷版)

历年考情说明文阅读理解一般作为全国卷阅谈理解中的CD实验研究和介绍说明型明文是对事物的形状，性质，特征，成果或公用等进行介绍，解释或阐述的文章，把我所说明事物的特征图标法，引用法和距离法等。说明文的特点是客观、简洁、准确、清晰，文章很少表达作者的情感倾向。阅读说明文的重点在于读懂它说明的事物或事理，了解事物的性质、结构、形成原因、功能；了解事物的意义和特征等。命题规律说明文所选材料题材丰富多样，涉及社会、科技、文化、生活、人物、教育、生态、安全等方面。在把握语篇整体结构，还要求学生有大量的阅读积淀和知识储备，熟悉不同的话题和不同的题目考查方式。即便是细节理解题，大多数情况下考生也无法从文章中直接找到与选项表述完全一致的信息，而是需要在理解文章细节信息后作出归纳和判断。通常一套卷中主旨大意、词义猜测、写作意图/观点态度类高难度试题的考查数量为2道左右，说明文考查此类题目的频率较高，且命题点呈多样化。考向预测预测2025年高考说明文阅读理解试题难度会保持相对稳定，主要考查题型仍然为细节理解题和推理判断题为主，主旨大意题和词义猜测题为辅。1/【全国甲卷】Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimalshavedistinctvocals(声音)thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp,scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookforshelter.Butcatsarespecialcreatureswhopossessamazingvocalizationskills.Theyareabletohaveentireconversationswithhumansusingmeowsandyou'reabletointerpretit.Ifapetcatishungry,itwillkeepmeowingtoattractattentionandfindfood.However,whenacatislookingforaffection,theytendtoproducestretchedandsoftmeows.Meowingstartsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother'sattentionandbefed.Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyusetheirnosestoassesstheirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.Theywilloutspecificareasbeforetheychooseaplacetorelax.However,anotherwaythecatsareabletodistinguishbetweensituationsisbylookingforfamiliarsmells.catwilllikelysmellyourfaceandstorethesmellinitsmemoryanduseittorecognizeyouinthefuture.That'swhymostpetcatsareabletotellimmediatelyiftheirownerswerearoundanyothercats,whichtheydon'tusuallylike.Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat'sbeenpresentinallkindsofpredators(食肉动物).Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersarejustdoingsomethingthatit'sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!4.Whatcanbelearnedaboutcats'meowingfromthefirstparagraph?A.It'sasurvivalskill.B.It'staughtbymothercats.C.It'shardtointerpret.D.It'sgettinglouderwithage.5.Howdoesapetcatassessdifferentsituations?A.Bylisteningforsounds.B.Bytouchingfamiliarobjects.C.Bycheckingonsmells.D.Bymunicatingwithothercats.6.Whichbestexplainsthephrase"take...upnotch"inparagraph3?2/A.Performappropriately.B.Movefaster.C.Actstrangely.D.Dobetter.7.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.onFindingaSmartCatB.UnderstandingCat'sBehaviorC.HaveFunwithCatD.HowtoKeepCatHealthy说明文阅读量大，生僻词汇多，句式结构复杂，这就需要考生有方法有技巧地去阅读。一般我们采用的方法有三个：细读、略读和跳读。（1）细读重点。重点，就原文而言，就是文章的基本结构、内容和态度；就答题而言，就是问题所对应的题源句。以这个标准来衡量，需要重点阅读的原文词句就不会很多。宏观方面：文章结构；文章主题句；各段首末句；体现作者观点态度的词句。微观方面：有转折处；重要标点；句子主干。（2）有选择地略读或跳读。在快速浏览了题干，初步把握了文章大意及结构的基础上，可大胆进行略读或跳读，这样不但可以加快阅读速度，还更容易总体把握全文。在阅读中可略读或跳读的内容包括：①繁琐的例证。为了说明问题，作者可能会借用形象的例子，有时候会比较繁琐，虽能说明问题，但需要读者花很多时间去阅读。如果例子所说明的问题不明了，可通过略读来理解；若例子所说明的问题比较明了，则例子部分可一带而过。②并列多项列举。有时许多功能相同的项目并列列举，那么只读其中一两项即可，无需全读。③无关大局的生僻词汇。阅读中经常会遇到一些生词，如果这些生词对理解全文没有影响或影响不大就可略过。④较长的人名、地名。有许多较长的表示人名、地名等的专有名词，阅读时可一扫而过或干脆用其首字母代替，不必试图把整个专有名词读出来。在略读过程中，要特别注意对解题有重要意义的词、句、段等，并将其储存在大脑里，以免回头再查看费时费力。【2025Envisionafuturisticrooftopgardensoastutethatitiscapableofdiscerningtheoptimalmomentstohoardwaterinanticipationofaridconditions,andwhentoexpelwatertoavertinundation.Now,suchintelligentroofsaretransitioningfromtherealmoffantasytorealityintheNetherlands.asubstantialportionofthenationsituatedbelowsealevel,theNetherlandshaslongbeenacquaintedwiththeperilsofflooding.Theadventofclimatechangehasusheredinaneraofmoreextrememeteorological3/phenomena,includingtorrentialdownpoursandperiodsofdrought,pellingthecityofAmsterdamtocontemplatenovelstrategiesforselfpreservation,anditiswithinthiscontextthatResilioemergesasapivotalplayer.Aspertheassertionsontheirwebsite,ResilioisengagedintheconstructionofbluegreenroofsacrosstheexpanseofAmsterdam.Inconjunctionwiththelocalgovernmentalauthorities,fromtheyears2018throughto2022,theyhaveinstalledspecializedroofingsystemsintheneighborhoodsofAmsterdamthataremostvulnerabletotheravagesofflooddamage.Theseroofsareposedofamultitudeofstrata.Paramountamongtheselayersisthewaterretentionlayer.Duringepisodesofcopiousrainfall,thislayerservestoaccumulatetherainwaterthatwouldotherwiseinundatethestreets,andintimesofdrought,itchannelsitsstoredwatertonourishthegardensituatedontheuppermostlayer.Itisthisparticularlayerthatdistinguishesthebluegreenroofsfromtheirconventionalgreencounterparts.Researchindicatesthatbluegreenroofspossessthecapacitytocaptureasmuchas97%ofextremerainfall,instarkcontrasttothemere12%thatregulargreenroofscanretain.However,whattrulysetsResilioroofsapartistheirsophisticatedsystems.Anarrayofbluegreenroofsareinterconnectedviaadigitalmunicationnetwork,therebyenablingeachrooftobemanipulatedindependently,respondingtothevolumeofwateramassedonthatspecificroofasthesituationdemands.EachroofisalsoequippedwithavalvethatislinkedtoaputerizedsystemknownastheDecisionSupportSystem(DSS).TheDSSinterfaceswithlocalweatherprognosticationstodeterminewhetherthevalveonaparticularroofshouldbeopened,allowingwatertobedischargedinacontrolledandgradualmannerintotheseweragesystem,orwhetheritshouldremainsealedtocollecttheimpendingrain.TheseinnovationsarethehallmarksthatrenderResiliotrulyrevolutionary.Bluegreenroofsexemplifythattheremediestothehazardsposedbyclimatechangenecessitateablendofcreativityandamultifacetedapproach,operatingonvariouslevelstomitigatetheadverseofourchangingenvironment.8．WhatmaydirectlyleadtothebuildingofResilioroofsinAmsterdam?A．Theincreasingdisasters.B．Thecity’sfinancialsuffering.C．Theeverrisingsealevel.D．Thecity’sgeographicadvantage.9．WhatdoweknowaboutthewaterretentionlayerofResilioroofs?A．Theyareslowtodrought.B．Theyareabsolutelyperfect.C．Theyserveadoublepurpose.D．Theycantrapsolarenergy.4/10．WhatisthemainfunctionoftheDSSaccordingtothetext?A．collectweatherinformation.B．controltheuseofthevalve.C．helpthesewersystemwork.D．connectthedigitalnetwork.．Whatmightbethebesttitleofthispassage?A．SmartroofsystemsbeingarealityinAucklandB．ResiliobluegreenroofsystemspreventingdisastersC．TheworkingprincipleofthebluegreenroofsystemsD．ThedifferencesbetweenResilioroofsandregulargreenroofsPassage（1）【届河南省郑州市中原区郑州中学高三上学期月模拟预测】Sadfishing,whichresearchersdefinedintheJournalofAmericanCollegeHealthin2021,referstothetrendofexaggeratingpersonalstrugglesonlinetogeneratesympathy.Itcouldbeintheformofasadphoto,anominousquote,orapostwithafoggymeaning.allmaybeguiltyofpostingsomethingweakandemotionalonsocialmediafromtimetotime,whichisn’tabadthing.Butpostingrepeatedlycouldbeasignofalargermentalhealthissueinteensoracryforhelp.JournalistRebeccaReidcoinedthetermin2019afteraquestionableInstagrampostbyKendallJenner.Inthepost,Jennerdescribeda“painfulstruggle”withacneandreceivedalargeamountofsympatheticresponsesfromherfollowers.However,itwaslaterrevealedthatherpostwasjustaplicatedmarketingplotforherskincarepartnershipwithProactiv,andReidlabeledherbehaviorassadfishing.ExpertssaysadfishingislikelyduetothefactthatachildorteenisstrugglingwithsomethingandwantstoletothersInthesecases,theyoftendon’tfeeltheyhaveapersontheyfeelfortablewithtosharetheirstruggleswithsotheyturntothesocialmediaworld.A2023studyfoundthatteenswhoparticipatedinsadfishingexhibitedsignsofanxietyanddepression,whilelowsocialsupportwasalargecontributingfactor.Researchersalsofoundthatboysreported“highersadfishingtendencies”thangirlsatage12,butthetrenddecreasedastheygotolder.Forgirls,thetrendincreasedwithage.5/Researchersfoundthat,inmostcases,responsestosadfishingpostswerepositiveandhelpful.Butinsomecases,therewerenegativeresponseswhichcouldleadtoincreasedstressoranxiety.“Whenasocialmediapostisunsuccessfulinseekingsympatheticresponses,itcanalsocausethepersonpostingittobemocked,”Dr.NissimMatheiswarns.“Especiallyifthepostisauthentic.”Andwhileanyresponseissupportiveforachild/teenwhofeelsunseenandunheard,itmayopenthemuptoprivacyviolationsandviolentbehavior.28．What’stheintentionofasocialmediauser’ssadfishing?A．shareanopinion.B．demonstrateonlineskills.C．makeaplaint.D．satisfyanemotionalneed.29．WhatcanweinferaboutJenner’sInstagramfollowers?A．Theyhadlittleknowledgeofacne.B．TheyhadtrustinProactiv’sproducts.C．TheywereprobablymisledbyJenner’sstory.D．Theywereencouragedbyonlineinformation.30．Whatdoweknowaboutteenagers’sadfishingtrends?A．Theypeakatage12forboys.B．Theydeclineafterage12forgirls.C．Theygenerallydecreaseasoneages.D．Theydisappearbeforeone’sadulthood.31．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mocked”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Calledon.B．Laughedat.C．Promoted.D．Supported.Passage（2）【届黑龙江省六校联盟高三上学期联合适应性考试】EngineersatPrincetonUniversityhavemeasuredthecoolingbenefitsofasimplesolutionforbeatingurbanheat:reflectingsunlightbackfromwhereitcamebyequippingbuildingwallsandroadwaysinurbancenterswithretroreflective(反光的)materials.climatechangeandtheincreasingfrequencyandpersistenceofextremeheatevents,morepeopleintheU.S.diefromextremeheatthanfromanyotherweatherrelateddisasterheatkillsmorethantornadoes,tsunamis,andhurricanesbined,”saidElieBouZeid,professorofcivilandenvironmentalengineering.Severaltechnologieshavebeenraisedtofightagainsttheissueofurbanoverheating,includingcoolpavementsandroofcoatings.However,whensunlighthitsthesecoolingtechnologies,itcanbekickedbackinanynumberofdirectionsinsteadofinonefocuseddirection,whichmeansthathighlyreflectivematerialscouldhaveanoppositeresultifappliedbecausesunlightcouldbereflectedontotheground,walls,andeventhepassersby.6/“Actually,retroreflectivematerialsarealreadyusedintransportation,wheretheyaremonlyfoundinroadsignsandpainttoimprovenighttimevisibility,butanimportantquestionishowefficientwecanmakethemandwhetherwecanengineerthemtohavetheperformanceswewant,”saidJyotirmoyMandal,assistantprofessorofcivilandenvironmentalengineering.Unlikemonhighlyreflectivematerials,retroreflectorscanreflectiningsunlightwithlimitedscattering(散射).Consequently,mostsunlighthittingaretroreflectoronabuildingwallorcitystreetwouldbedirectedbackinthesamedirectionitcamefromandoutoftheurbancanyon.Inthisway,theretroreflectorscanreleasethesunlightthatwouldotherwisebestuckintheurbancanyonandexacerbatetheurbanoverheatingproblem.Ultimately,theywanttocreateasetofguidelinesforpolicymakers,planners,andmaterialsengineers.Ifyou’reanurbanplanner,forexample,andyouknowthelatitudeofyourcity,thewidthheightratioandthedirectionofyourstreets,youcaneasilyusetheirresultstopickthesuitablesurfacesforapplyingtheseretroreflectivematerialsandestimatethecoolingbenefitsyoumightreceiveindoingso.8．WhatmayElieBouZeidwarnpeopleofinparagraph2?A．Thefrequencyofnaturaldisasters.B．Thieurgencyofkeepingpeoplecool.C．Theunpredictabilityofclimatechange.D．Thenecessityoftemperaturemonitoring.9．Whatisthelimitationofcurrentcoolingtechnologies?A．Influenceuponthecity’sappearance.B．Disturbanceoftheviewofpassesby.C．Productionofsomethingpoisonoustohumans.D．Inabilitytocontrolthedirectionofreflectedlight.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exacerbate”inparagraph5probablymean?A．Relieve.B．Cause.C．Intensify.D．Address.．Whatisprobablythefinalgoaloftheengineers?A．increaseurbangreenspaces.B．personalizereflectivematerials.C．simplifyexistingbuildingdesigns.D．reducecostsofconstructionmaterials.Passage（3）【届山东省日照市高三下学期一模】Everytimewemakeanewvideoorsendanemail,orpostaphotoofourlatestmeal,it’sliketurningonasmalllightbulb(灯泡)that’llneverbeturnedThispointstoanunfortableandextremelymodernquestion:helpsavetheplanet,shouldwebeusinglessdata?Givenhowmuchofmodernlifedependsondigitaldata,theanswercouldbeakeyaspecttolivingnoblyintheAIage.7/Whydopostsproducecarbonatall?WhenyousendapostonMoments,itgoesalongachainofenergyburningelectronics.routersendsthesignalalongwirestothelocalexchange—theboxonthestreetcorner—andfromtheretoatelespany,andfromtheretohugedatacentersoperatedbythetechgiants.Eachofthoserunsonelectricity,anditalladdsup.about400millionhomesworldwidehaveatleastone“smart”device—curtains,electriccookers,refrigerators,andpads.By2028,thatfigureisexpectedtonearlydouble.are,inotherwords,beingtakenintoaworldwhereit’shardertodoanythingwithoutturningonadigitallightbulb.Thisputsecoconsciousconsumersinabind.Afterall,whowouldliketobesomeonethatcan’tgettheirinformationproperlybecausethey’retoobusykeepingthecarbonfootprintoftheirsearchesdown?Intheabsenceofsystemicchange,worryingoverourindividualdatausagedecisionsis“liketryingtoholdbackafloodwithabucketandspade(铁铲).”Still,there’ssomethingwecando.Whenwefaceadigitaldecision,thelessdatathirstyoptionwilloftenbethesmarterone.Blockingthirdpartytrackingwhenwe’reontheweb,forexample,notonlyreducesthepowerconsumptionofinternetbrowsing;it’salsogoodforyourprivacy.Morefundamentally,maybewedon’tneedtoturneverythingintodata.IfIputdownmyphonethenexttimeI’monatrain,itwon’tsavetheplanet.ButI’llbelookingoutthewindowwithmyowneyes,creatingamemorythatreleasesnocarbonatall.8．Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutdatausage?A．Itisenergyconsuming.B．Itiseasyandconvenient.C．Itsnegativeareignored.D．Itsbenefitsareunderestimated.9．Whatisthefunctionofparagraph2?A．entertain.B．inform.C．persuade.D．inspire.10．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“inabind”meaninparagraph3?A．Atrisk.B．Ataloss.C．Atease.D．Atadisadvantage.．Whatdoestheauthoremphasizeconcerningcarbonreductioninthelastparagraph?A．Theremovalofdigitaldata.8/B．Thepromotionofecotourism.C．Thevalueofpersonalcontribution.D．Thesignificanceofsystemicchange.Passage（4）【届山东省日照市高三下学期一模】Everytimewemakeanewvideoorsendanemail,orpostaphotoofourlatestmeal,it’sliketurningonasmalllightbulb(灯泡)that’llneverbeturnedThispointstoanunfortableandextremelymodernquestion:helpsavetheplanet,shouldwebeusinglessdata?Givenhowmuchofmodernlifedependsondigitaldata,theanswercouldbeakeyaspecttolivingnoblyintheAIage.Whydopostsproducecarbonatall?WhenyousendapostonMoments,itgoesalongachainofenergyburningelectronics.routersendsthesignalalongwirestothelocalexchange—theboxonthestreetcorner—andfromtheretoatelespany,andfromtheretohugedatacentersoperatedbythetechgiants.Eachofthoserunsonelectricity,anditalladdsup.about400millionhomesworldwidehaveatleastone“smart”device—curtains,electriccookers,refrigerators,andpads.By2028,thatfigureisexpectedtonearlydouble.are,inotherwords,beingtakenintoaworldwhereit’shardertodoanythingwithoutturningonadigitallightbulb.Thisputsecoconsciousconsumersinabind.Afterall,whowouldliketobesomeonethatcan’tgettheirinformationproperlybecausethey’retoobusykeepingthecarbonfootprintoftheirsearchesdown?Intheabsenceofsystemicchange,worryingoverourindividualdatausagedecisionsis“liketryingtoholdbackafloodwithabucketandspade(铁铲).”Still,there’ssomethingwecando.Whenwefaceadigitaldecision,thelessdatathirstyoptionwilloftenbethesmarterone.Blockingthirdpartytrackingwhenwe’reontheweb,forexample,notonlyreducesthepowerconsumptionofinternetbrowsing;it’salsogoodforyourprivacy.Morefundamentally,maybewedon’tneedtoturneverythingintodata.IfIputdownmyphonethenexttimeI’monatrain,itwon’tsavetheplanet.ButI’llbelookingoutthewindowwithmyowneyes,creatingamemorythatreleasesnocarbonatall.8．Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutdatausage?A．Itisenergyconsuming.B．Itiseasyandconvenient.C．Itsnegativeareignored.D．Itsbenefitsareunderestimated.9/9．Whatisthefunctionofparagraph2?A．entertain.B．inform.C．persuade.D．inspire.10．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“inabind”meaninparagraph3?A．Atrisk.B．Ataloss.C．Atease.D．Atadisadvantage.．Whatdoestheauthoremphasizeconcerningcarbonreductioninthelastparagraph?A．Theremovalofdigitaldata.B．Thepromotionofecotourism.C．Thevalueofpersonalcontribution.D．Thesignificanceofsystemicchange.Passage（5）【湖北省武汉市第一中学学年高三上学期月联考】Whensciencefictionandthescienceoftimemeet,theyinviteusintoadeepexplorationofthenatureoftime.Despiteitspresenceeverywhereindailylife,timeremainsamystery,withnodefinitivedefinition.Ourconceptoftimemaybeamentalshortcut,atoolforourlimitedbrainstoprehendchange.TheEnglishlanguagefrequentlyemploysthenoun“time,”yetwelackasatisfactoryexplanationforit.Concerningtime,quantum(量子)mechanicsanddailyexperiencesoftencontradicteachother,suggestingtime’splexityandambiguousnature.Ourmentalconceptionoftimemaynevercorrespondwithitsrealityintheuniverse,butthisshouldn’tstopusfromexploringit.Manysciencefictionquotestouchontime.RayCummings’1919novel,TheGirlintheGoldenAtom,amemorablequote:iswhatkeepseverythingfromhappeningatonce,”implyingtime’sstructuralroleintheuniverse.BlakeCrouch’sRecursionpresentsacontrastingview:isafalseimage,aconceptmadeoutofhumanmemory.”RobertCharlesSpinexploresvariousformsoftime,frompersonalmeasurementtocosmicscales,emphasizingourchallengingrelationshipwithit.S.D．Unwin’sOneSecondPerSecondsuggeststimeaschaoswithinacosmicplan,withpeopleandcivilizationsasitsplaythings.RobertV.S.Redick’sPointdescribestimeasatrickduetoourprehensionoftime’sCaptainJeanLucPicardfromStarsays,isapanionwhoremindsustocherishevery/moment,”emphasizingitsvalue.DavidBrin’sBrightnessReefdescribestimeasacrueljudge,punishingeventhesuccessfulandbrilliant.StephenBaxter’sTheShipscatchestime’sfrighteningnature,darkeninghumanachievementsinthevastnessoftime.travel,amajortopicofsciencefiction,isoftendiscussed.H.G.1895novelTheMachineposestheenduringquestionofwhethermovingbackwardandforwardintimeispossible.Thesequotesfromsciencefictionhighlightourtroubledrelationshipwithtimeandencourageustothinkmoredeeplyaboutitsreality.8．Whatistheoveralltoneofthetext?A．Inquiring.B．Pessimistic.C．Persuasive.D．Definitive.9．Whatcanbelearnedabouttimefromparagraph2?A．iseasytounderstandbuthasaplexnatureinscience.B．isamonconceptindailylifewellcorrespondingwithscientificreality.C．Dailyexperiencesoftengoagainstscientificunderstandingsoftime.D．Quantumphysicshasnoimpactonourunderstandingoftime.10．WhatdoesStephenBaxter’sTheShipsemphasize?A．asapanionwhoremindsustocherisheverymoment.B．Theinsignificanceofhumansuccessesinthelonghistoryoftime.C．Thepossibilitytomovebackwardandforwardintimeatwill.D．Afalsebeliefduetoourprehensionoftime’s．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．Thehistoryoftimeandfamousquotesinsciencefiction.B．Thedefinitionoftimeinscientifictermsandtimetravel.C．Therelationshipbetweentimeanddailylife.D．Thescienceoftimeanditsexplorationinsciencefiction.Passage（6）【华中师范大学第一附属中学学年高三下学期开学】Awaveofstartupssayseaweedisasolutiontoclimatechangeabletoabsorbatmosphericcarbon,providerawmaterialsforbiofuels,andfeedtheworldnofertilizers(化肥),freshwater,orevenlandrequired.RunningaMainebasedpany,isworkingonasystemthatwilleventuallysinkthebuoys(浮标),attachedwithlonglocksofseaweed,tothedeepoceanfloor,wherethecarbontheycontainwillremainstoredfor800yearsormore./RunningwasfoundedbyMartyOdlin,anengineerandfourthgenerationmercialfisherman.TheGulfofMaineiswarmingfasterthannearlyeveryotheroceanicregion,andOdlinhasseenthechangesfirsthand.About15yearsago,OdlinheardatalkfromKlausLacknerthephysicistwhopopularisedtheideaofremovingcarbonfromtheatmosphere.Itclicked.“Itwaslike,oh,thisisrightbecausethere’snowaywe’regoingtogetfossil(化石的)fuelsinthenext50years,”herecallsthinking.regoingtohavetopullitdown.”Usingseaweedtodrawdowncarbonwouldbeanelegantsolutionifitworks.SeaweedforestscollectivelycoveranestimatedtwomillionsquarekilometersandabsorbasmuchcarbonastheAmazonrainforest.Butmuchofthatstorageisshortlived.Whentheseaweedisharvested,eatenbyanimals,orwashesashore,itsstoredcarbonisreleasedbackintotheatmosphere.Runningmodel,intheoryatleast,wouldtakethatstoredcarbonandsinkittotheoceanfloorwhereitwouldremainforcenturies,breakingdownslowly.Somescientistsarecarefulaboutrushingaheadbeforefundamentalscientific,environmental,andregulatoryquestionsareanswered.“Climatechangeisintensifying,andpeoplearepanicking,”saysKristenDavis,aprofessorofUniversityofCaliforniaIrvine,“butthescienceisnotthereyettoactuallyconfirmthatit’sagoodidea.”8．WhatcanwelearnaboutRunningsystem?A．Itremovescarbonfromseaweed.B．Itturnsseaweedintofertilizers.C．Itsinksseaweedintotheoceanfloor.D．Itstoresseaweedasfoodsources.9．WhatdidLackner'sspeechleadOdlintodo?A．Monitorchangesinoceanicregions.B．Reducemercialfishingindustry.C．Setrestrictionsontheuseoffossilfuels.D．Removecarbonfromtheatmosphere.10．Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．Stepsofacarbonreplacementmethod.B．Theunderlyinglogicofsinkingseaweeds.C．Examplesofmassiveseaweedforests.D．Thecarbonabsorbingabilityofseaweeds.．WhydoestheauthorquoteKristenDavis?A．proveOdlin'sopinion.B．emphasisetheclimatecrisis.C．advocatescientists'cooperation.D．presenttheissueobjectively.Passage（7）学年高三下学期2月联考】/paralyzedpatientshavebeenabletowalkshortdistancesandevenclimbstairsafterbeingimplantedwithelectrodes(电极)intheirbrains.Inaworldfirst,surgeonsusedatechniquecalleddeepbrainstimulationto“reawaken”inactivenervefibersinthespinalcordandreestablishcontrolofthelegmuscles.ThebreakthroughcameafterneuroscientistsattheSwissFederalInstituteinLausanne(EPFL)usedAItomapalltheneuronsinthebraininvolvedinhelpingratsandmicewalk.theirsurprise,aregioncalledthelateralhypothalamus—knowntobeinvolvedinarousalandmotivation—wasfoundtohavearoleinwalking.ItwassounexpectedthatthefindingwasinitiallyquestionedbyotherscientistswhopeerreviewedthepaperforthejournalNatureMedicine.Aftersuccessfultestsinratsandmice,theSwissteamthenimplantedelectrodesinthelateralhypothalamusofthehumanpatients.Thetechniqueiscarriedoutwhilepatientsarewideawake.Onlythencansurgeonsbesuretheyhavereachedtherightareainthebrain,withtherightstrengthofstimulation.ProfessorJocelyneBloch,whocarriedouttheoperationsatLausanneUniversityHospital,said:“Oncetheelectrodewasinplaceandweperformedthestimulation,thefirstpatientimmediatelysaid,‘Ifeelmylegs’.Whenweincreasedthestimulationshesaid,‘Ifeeltheurgetowalk!’”Scientistsbelievethelateralhypothalamussendssignalsdownnervefibresthatremainundamagedafterthespinalinjury,whichhelpsengagetheremainingnerveconnectionsandimproveneurologicalrecovery.”Thetwopatientsdidnotmakeapleterecoveryfromtheirinjury,andwereonlyabletowalkslowlyovershortdistanceswithastickor“walker”.ButtheLausanneteamhasalreadyshownitispossibletorestoremovementbyusingimplantsinthespinalcord.Theyhopethatstimulatingboththespineandthebraininfuturewillenhancerecoveryandhelppatientswalkfurtherandfaster.8．Whatprocedureallowedthepatientstoregainsomemobility?A．Deepbrainstimulation.B．Spinalcordrecovery.C．Legmusclesimprovement.D．Artificialintelligencemapping.9．Whatwasthefirstreactionofotherscientiststothediscovery?A．Excitement.B．Skepticism.C．Acceptance.D．Indifference.10．Whyisthetechniqueperformedwhilethepatientisawake?A．minimizesuigicalrisks.B．speeduptheimplantationprocess.C．confirmthecorrectspotandstimulationlevel./D．ensurethepatientexperiencesminimaldisfort.．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．ArtificiallimbsareusedforrecoveryB．BrainparthasnewrolesinmovementC．RegainingtheabilitytowalkrequireshitechD．ParalyzedpatientswalkwithbrainelectrodesPassage（8）【广东省红岭中学学年高三下学期第五次统一考试】Fancylettingamachinemediate(调解)yourargument?ItcouldbethelatestapplicationforAIasresearchersrevealitsmysteriousrecipeforfindingmongroundinculturewarconflicts.ScientistsatGoogle’sDeepMindprojectdesignedwhattheycalltheHabermasMachine,alargelanguageAIinspiredbyGermanphilosopherJürgenHabermas’theoryofmunicativeaction—theideathatmonunderstandingfosterscooperation.Itworksbytakingdifferingwrittenviewsonacontentious(争议的)topicandingupwithasetofstatementsdesignedtokeepeveryonehappy.Researchersfoundthatthemachine’smusings(想法)werepreferred56%ofthetimeparedtostatementsproducedbyhumanmediators.ParticipantsalsofoundtheAIresponsetobemorelogicalandinformative.StudycoauthorProfChrisSummerfield,fromtheUni