江苏省无锡市2024-2025学年高二上学期期终教学质量调研测试英语卷

无锡市2024年秋学期高二期终教学质量调研测试英语注意事项及说明：1.试卷共150分，考试时间120分钟。2.答案一律写在答题卡上。考试结束时，上交答题卡。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Wherearethetwospeakers?A.Inacafé.B.Inamuseum.C.Inthegym.2.Whatisthewomangoodat?A.Sellingbooks.B.Tellingstories.C.Drawingpictures.3.Whatdidthewomandislikeaboutthemovie?A.Themusic.B.Theactors.C.Theplot.4.Whenwillthetwospeakersmeettonight?A.At7:00p.m.B.At7:30p.m.C.At8:00p.m.5.Whydoesthewomanmakethecall?A.Toofferaninvitation.B.Toexpressherregret.C.Toputoffaclass.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.WhatmusicalinstrumentcanEinsteinplay?A.Theviolin.B.Theguitar.C.Thepiano.7.Howdosomescientistsrelaxthemselveswhentheyfeelstressed?A.Bydoingresearchwork.B.Byhavingagoodsleep.C.Byturningtosportsormusic.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Motherandson.B.Husbandandwife.C.Teacherandstudent.9.Whoisgoingtosweepthefloor?A.Dad.B.Tom.C.Therobotcleaner.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.HowoftendoesSusangoswimming?A.Everyday.B.Onceaweek.C.Twiceaweek.11.WhatexercisedoesSusanlikebest?A.Running.B.Cycling.C.Swimming.12.Wherewilltheymeettonight?A.Attheschoolgate.B.Atthegymgate.C.Attheparkgate.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.WhyisDorothygoingtoEurope?A.Toattendtraining.B.Toconductresearch.C.Totakeavacation.14.HowlongwillDorothystayinEurope?A.Afewdays.B.Twoweeks.C.Threemonths.15.WhatdoesDorothythinkofherapartment?A.Expensive.B.Satisfying.C.Inconvenient.16.WhatwillJimprobablydo?A.Renttheapartment.B.Buytheapartment.C.Decoratetheapartment.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatisthespeaker?A.Anewsannouncer.B.Atourguide.C.Afactoryworker.18.Wherecanpeoplebuyaguidebookinthemuseum?A.Initsworkshop.B.Initsgiftshop.C.Initscarpark.19.Whatisusedasacafénow?A.Theengineroom.B.Thegarden.C.Thestonebuilding.20.Whatisthespeakerintroducing?A.Ariver.B.Amuseum.C.Acarpark.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWenchang,Hainanprovince,isfamousforitsrichcultureanduniquetropicalislandscenery.Aseriesofspacecraftlauncheshavemadethecoastalcityahitamongtouristsoverthepastfiveyears.Itwillsoonbeinthespotlight(聚光灯)againafterthescheduleforanewmissionwasofficiallyreleased,surelyexcitingnewsforspacefansoneandall.BelowaresometipsforspacefanseagertotourtheWenchangregion.TransportationVisitorsfromoutsideHainancanarriveatHaikouMeilanInternationalAirport,oratSanyaPhoenixInternationalAirportatthesoutherntipofHainanisland,andthentransfer(转乘)toWenchangviaahighspeedlooprailway,theonlyonethatcirclesatropicalislandintheworld.IttakesbullettrainsleavingMeilan,Haikouonly17minutestoreachWenchangstationwhileabullettrainfromSanyaPhoenixtakesjustoveronehour.Localtravelagenciesoperatetourismroutesthattakevisitorstoofficiallyappointedviewingpointsandothernaturalandculturalattractions.Visitorsalsohavetheoptiontoturntoappplatformstorentvehiclestodrivetothespacelaunchsiteandothertouristdestinationsonthetropicalisland.BestlaunchviewsTherearenumeroussitesandmeanstowatchspacelaunchesinWenchang—onitsbeautifulsprawlingbeaches,inpaddyfields,onroofsofhomestaysorjustinsideroomsofseasidehotels.However,frequentvisitorssaythatsitesaroundQishuiBay,whichisthreekilometersfromthelaunchcenter,areknownforofferingthemostimpressiveviews.1.Whyisthehighspeedlooprailwaymentionedinparagraph2?A.ToprovethepopularityofthecityofWenchang.B.TostressthehistoryofWenchang’stransportation.C.Togivethereasonfortheincreasingnumberoftourists.D.ToshowtheuniquenessofHainan’stransportationsystem.2.WhatcanbeinferredfromthetextaboutQishuiBay?A.ItisanewtouristattractioninWenchang.B.Itistheclosestplacetothelaunchcenter.C.Itoffersthebetterlaunchviewsthanotherplaces.DItbeesthemostpopulartouristdestinationinWenchang.3.Whomightbemostinterestedinthetext?A.Spacefans. B.Adventurelovers. C.Newsreporters. D.Travelagents.【答案】1.D2.C3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了文昌因航天发射而吸引游客，还为想去文昌旅游的太空爱好者提供了一些旅游小贴士，包括交通和最佳观看发射地点等。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“VisitorsfromoutsideHainancanarriveatHaikouMeilanInternationalAirport,oratSanyaPhoenixInternationalAirportatthesoutherntipofHainanisland,andthentransfertoWenchangviaahighspeedlooprailway,theonlyonethatcirclesatropicalislandintheworld.(来自海南以外的游客可以到达海口美兰国际机场，或海南岛最南端的三亚凤凰国际机场，然后通过高速环岛铁路转乘到文昌，这是世界上唯一一条环绕热带岛屿的高速铁路。)”可知，第二段提到高速环岛铁路是为了展示海南交通系统的独特性，它是世界上唯一一条环绕热带岛屿的高速铁路。故选D项。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“However,frequentvisitorssaythatsitesaroundQishuiBay,whichisthreekilometersfromthelaunchcenter,areknownforofferingthemostimpressiveviews.(然而，经常来访的游客说，距离发射中心3公里的淇水湾周围的景点以提供最令人印象深刻的景色而闻名。)”可知，从文中可以推断出关于淇水湾的是它比其他地方提供了更好的发射景观。故选C项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Itwillsoonbeinthespotlightagainafterthescheduleforanewmissionwasofficiallyreleased,surelyexcitingnewsforspacefansoneandall.BelowaresometipsforspacefanseagertotourtheWenchangregion.(在新的任务时间表正式发布后，它将再次成为焦点，这对所有太空迷来说无疑是个令人兴奋的消息。以下是一些渴望游览文昌地区的太空迷的一些建议。)”可知，文章主要是给太空迷一些游览文昌地区的建议，所以太空迷可能对这篇文章最感兴趣。故选A项。BShanghai’s11yearoldsailor,YangJixin,hasmadeanotableentryinthesailingrecordsbypletingthe2024RizhaoQingdaoIslandHoppingRace,navigating(横渡)66nauticalmiles,around77milesintheocean.Yangalsosetanewbenchmark(基准)bybeingtheyoungestChineseyouthtopletesuchalongvoyage.Therace,whichstartedonAug.10fromtheRizhaoWorldSailingBaseandendedattheBeijingOlympicSailingTrainingBaseinQingdaoonAug.13,presentedaseriesofchallengesoveritsfourdaysailing.Yang,theyoungestnationalrecordholderforkayaking(皮艇运动)acrosstheQiongzhouStrait,demonstratedhertoughnessandsailingacumen(敏锐)amongthehotandwetweather,periodsofcalm,headwinds,andtheplexinterference(干扰)ofwaves.Theorganizerstookcarefulstepstoensurethesafetyofsailors,carryingoutmeasuressuchasmaritimerescue,medicalsupport,andnavigationmonitoringthroughouttheevent.UponherarrivalattheSilverSeaYachtMarinainQingdao,Yangwasweledbyseveralfiguresfromthesailingmunity,includingDaiZhiqiang,aformermemberoftheChineseOlympicmittee,ViceChairmanoftheChinaYachtingAssociation,andPrincipaloftheNationalSailingSchool.Theirpresencerecognizedthesignificanceofhersuccess.DaigreetedYangwithacongratulatorysmileandrangthebellinherhonor,atraditionalmarkofasuccessfulsailingjourney.HisactionsreflectedtheencouragementandsupportfortheupandinggenerationofsailorsthatYangrepresents.Yang’sachievementismorethanapersonalsuccess.It’saninspirationforyoungsailorsandithighlightsthepotentialforfuturedevelopmentsinthesportofsailing.BysettinganewrecordfortheyoungestChineseyouthinlongdistancesailing,shehasopeneddoorsforotherstofollowandhasshownthatageisnobarriertoambitionandskill.Herjourneyacrossthewaveswillundoubtedlyencourageotherstomaptheircourses,andtorisetothechallengesthatliebeyondtheknownshores.4.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeYangJixin?A.Determinedandskilled. B.Generousandconfident.C.Helpfulandsuccessful. D.Adventurousandhonest.5.WhyweresomefamousfigurespresentwhenYangreachedtheSilverSeaYachtMarina?A.Tofollowherexample. B.Tocelebrateherachievement.C.Tofacechallengeswithher. D.Toofferherfurtherguidance.6.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Yang’ssuggestions. B.Yang’spotential.C.Yang’sambitions. D.Yang’sinfluences.7.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.The2024RizhaoQingdaoIslandHoppingRace B.AYoungSailor’sInspiringAdventureC.11yearoldSailorBravingtheSea D.SailingChallengesTestingCourage【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了11岁的上海帆船运动员杨霁欣完成了2024日照青岛跳岛赛，创造了新的记录，她的成就不仅是个人的成功，还激励着年轻帆船运动员，对帆船运动的未来发展有着积极意义。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Yang,theyoungestnationalrecordholderforkayaking(皮艇运动)acrosstheQiongzhouStrait,demonstratedhertoughnessandsailingacumen(敏锐)amongthehotandwetweather,periodsofcalm,headwinds,andtheplexinterference(干扰)ofwaves.(杨是穿越琼州海峡皮划艇项目最年轻的全国纪录保持者，在炎热潮湿的天气、平静期、逆风以及复杂的海浪干扰中展示了她的坚韧和航海敏锐性)”可知，杨霁欣在航海过程中面对诸多困难，展现出坚韧不拔的毅力和娴熟的航海技能，可推断出她是坚定且有技能的，故选A项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“UponherarrivalattheSilverSeaYachtMarinainQingdao,Yangwasweledbyseveralfiguresfromthesailingmunity,includingDaiZhiqiang,aformermemberoftheChineseOlympicmittee,ViceChairmanoftheChinaYachtingAssociation,andPrincipaloftheNationalSailingSchool.Theirpresencerecognizedthesignificanceofhersuccess.(当她到达青岛银海游艇码头时，受到了帆船界几位人士的欢迎，包括中国奥委会前委员、中国帆船帆板运动协会副主席、国家帆船学校校长戴志强等。他们的出现是对她成功的认可)”可知，一些著名人物出现在杨霁欣到达的银海游艇码头是为了庆祝她的成就，故选B项。【6题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Yang’sachievementismorethanapersonalsuccess.It’saninspirationforyoungsailorsandithighlightsthepotentialforfuturedevelopmentsinthesportofsailing.BysettinganewrecordfortheyoungestChineseyouthinlongdistancesailing,shehasopeneddoorsforotherstofollowandhasshownthatageisnobarriertoambitionandskill.Herjourneyacrossthewaveswillundoubtedlyencourageotherstomaptheircourses,andtorisetothechallengesthatliebeyondtheknownshores.(杨的成就不仅仅是个人的成功。这对年轻的帆船运动员来说是一种激励，也凸显了帆船运动未来发展的潜力。通过创造中国最年轻青少年长途帆船航海的新纪录，她为其他人开辟了道路，表明年龄不是雄心和技能的障碍。她的航海之旅无疑将鼓励其他人规划自己的航线，并迎接已知海岸之外的挑战)”可知杨霁欣的成就将鼓励其他人规划自己的航线，并迎接已知海岸之外的挑战，可推理出该段主要讲述了杨霁欣的成就所带来的影响，故选D项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Shanghai’s11yearoldsailor,YangJixin,hasmadeanotableentryinthesailingrecordsbypletingthe2024RizhaoQingdaoIslandHoppingRace,navigating(横渡)66nauticalmiles,around77milesintheocean.Yangalsosetanewbenchmark(基准)bybeingtheyoungestChineseyouthtopletesuchalongvoyage(上海11岁小水手杨霁歆在航海史上写下浓墨重彩的一笔，她完成了2024年日照到青岛的海岛跳岛赛，航行了66海里，大约海上77英里。杨霁歆还创造了新的纪录，成为完成如此长航程最年轻的中国青年)”、第四段“UponherarrivalattheSilverSeaYachtMarinainQingdao,Yangwasweledbyseveralfiguresfromthesailingmunity,includingDaiZhiqiang,aformermemberoftheChineseOlympicmittee,ViceChairmanoftheChinaYachtingAssociation,andPrincipaloftheNationalSailingSchool.Theirpresencerecognizedthesignificanceofhersuccess(当她抵达青岛的银色海洋游艇码头时，杨受到了来自航海界的几位知名人士的欢迎，包括戴志强——他曾是中国奥委会的成员、中国帆协副主席以及国家帆船学校的校长。他们的到来体现了对她这一成就的认可)”以及最后一段“Yang’sachievementismorethanapersonalsuccess.It’saninspirationforyoungsailorsandithighlightsthepotentialforfuturedevelopmentsinthesportofsailing.BysettinganewrecordfortheyoungestChineseyouthinlongdistancesailing,shehasopeneddoorsforotherstofollowandhasshownthatageisnobarriertoambitionandskill.Herjourneyacrossthewaveswillundoubtedlyencourageotherstomaptheircourses,andtorisetothechallengesthatliebeyondtheknownshores.(杨的成就不仅仅是个人的成功。这对年轻的帆船运动员来说是一种激励，也凸显了帆船运动未来发展的潜力。通过创造中国最年轻青少年长途帆船航海的新纪录，她为其他人开辟了道路，表明年龄不是雄心和技能的障碍。她的航海之旅无疑将鼓励其他人规划自己的航线，并迎接已知海岸之外的挑战)”可知，文章主要讲述了11岁的杨霁欣完成了2024日照青岛跳岛赛，创造了新的记录并产生积极影响，这是一次鼓舞人心的冒险经历，B项“AYoungSailor’sInspiringAdventure(一位年轻帆船运动员鼓舞人心的冒险)”能够概括文章主旨，故选B项。CNewstudentsatEton,startingtheschoolyearinSeptember,arenotallowedtotakesmartphoneswiththem.Instead,theywilleachbegivena“dumb”NokiaphonethatisunabletoaccesstheInternetandonlyallowscallsandtexts.StudentsmightblamethepsychologistJonathanHaidt,whopopularisedtheideathatsmartphonesareresponsibleforrisingratesofmentalhealthproblemsamongyoungpeople.Teachersatnearlytwothirdsofsecondaryschoolsnowsaytheyhaverulesthatpreventstudentsfromusingtheirphonesduringtheday.Butistherereallyanythingwrongwithspendingabitoftimewatchingvideosonsocialmedia?Ortakingyourphoneoutwhileyou’reinthesupermarketqueuetoseefunnynews?Wemightneedmeaningandpurposeandpsychologicalrichnessinourlives,butsurelyweneedabitofpleasuretoo.AstudypublishedinAprilinPLoSOnefoundthatspending20minutesonsocialmediaorwatchingvideosonYouTubenotonlycontributedtononegativestressresponse,butwasassociatedwithadecreaseinbothheartrateandcortisol(皮质醇).Whatwegetwrongisthinkingthatwearerelaxingjustbecausescrolling(浏览)mindlesslythroughsocialmediaisunproductiveandfeelslike“timeout”.Thereisasignificantdifferencebetweendoingthingslikebeingwithourlovedones,spendingtimeinnature,orreadingagreatbookandemotionalnumbing(麻木).AsthepsychiatristAnnaLembkearguesinherbookDopamineNation,byendlesslyseekingpleasureandstimulationfromoursmartphone—whichshedescribesasthe“moderndayhypodermic(皮下注射)needle”—webeeaddictedtosuchstimulation,andfindithardertofindjoyinotherlessimmediatethings.Butalso,byneverputtingourphonesdownandnevergivingourselvesabreakfromendlessstimulation,wearenotabletogointothekindofquietbrainstatethatallowsmindwandering,creativityanddeepreflection.Asweallknow,ifyouarenotpayingforit,thenyouaretheproduct,andbusinessmeninthemarketplaceofattentionareconstantlyadjustingthewaysinwhichtheyoccupyourbrainspace.Wemustlearntogetmorecreativeandintentionalaboutthewayswechoosetorelaxourselvesandperhaps,even,toenjoysomegoodoldfashionedboredom.8.WhyistheschoolEtonmentionedinparagraph1?A.Toraiseadoubt. B.Toexplainaphenomenon.C.Tointroduceatopic. D.Tolaunchacampaign.9.WhatdoesthestudypublishedinAprilinPLoSOnesuggest?A.Constantuseofsocialmediaisbeneficialtohealth.B.Properuseofsocialmediacanreducestress.C.WatchingYouTubevideosincreasesheartrate.D.Spendingtimeonsocialmediahaslittleeffectonpeople.10.WhydoesAnnaLembkedescribethesmartphoneasthe“moderndayhypodermicneedle”?A.Becausesmartphonescanbringnewenergy.B.Becausepeoplerelytoomuchonsmartphones.C.Becausesmartphonesmightrelievepainquickly.D.Becausepeoplewillgetmedicalhelpfromsmartphones.11.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Weshouldpayforusingsmartphones. B.Businessmenoftencontrolourthinking.C.Boredomisunacceptableinmodernlife. D.Weshouldchooseourrelaxingwayswisely.【答案】8.C9.B10.B11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章首先提及伊顿学校禁止新生带智能入学，转而提供“哑”诺基亚，接着讨论了智能对年轻人心理健康的影响，指出过度使用智能可能导致的成瘾问题，以及持续刺激对大脑创造力的负面影响。最后，文章强调了学会明智选择放松方式的重要性。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“NewstudentsatEton,startingtheschoolyearinSeptember,arenotallowedtotakesmartphoneswiththem.Instead,theywilleachbegivena“dumb”NokiaphonethatisunabletoaccesstheInternetandonlyallowscallsandtexts.(伊顿公学9月份开学的新生是不允许随身携带智能的。取而代之的是，他们每人将得到一部不能上网，只能打和发短信的“哑巴”诺基亚)”可知，第一段提到了伊顿公学是为了引入一个话题。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“AstudypublishedinAprilinPLoSOnefoundthatspending20minutesonsocialmediaorwatchingvideosonYouTubenotonlycontributedtononegativestressresponse,butwasassociatedwithadecreaseinbothheartrateandcortisol(皮质醇).(今年4月发表在PLoSOne上的一项研究发现，花20分钟在社交媒体上或在YouTube上看视频不仅不会产生负面的压力反应，而且还能降低心率和皮质醇)”可知，4月份发表在PLoSOne上的这项研究表明正确使用社交媒体可以减轻压力。故选B。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“AsthepsychiatristAnnaLembkearguesinherbookDopamineNation,byendlesslyseekingpleasureandstimulationfromoursmartphone—whichshedescribesasthe“moderndayhypodermic(皮下注射)needle”—webeeaddictedtosuchstimulation,andfindithardertofindjoyinotherlessimmediatethings.(正如精神病学家安娜·莱姆克在她的书《多巴胺国度》中所说，通过不断地从我们的智能中寻求快乐和刺激——她将其描述为“现代的皮下注射针”——我们对这种刺激上瘾，并且发现很难在其他不那么直接的事情中找到快乐)”可知，AnnaLembke将智能描述为“现代的皮下注射针”是因为人们太依赖智能了。故选B。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Asweallknow,ifyouarenotpayingforit,thenyouaretheproduct,andbusinessmeninthemarketplaceofattentionareconstantlyadjustingthewaysinwhichtheyoccupyourbrainspace.Wemustlearntogetmorecreativeandintentionalaboutthewayswechoosetorelaxourselvesandperhaps,even,toenjoysomegoodoldfashionedboredom.(我们都知道，如果你不付钱，那么你就是产品，注意力市场上的商人们不断调整他们占据我们大脑空间的方式。我们必须学会在选择放松自己的方式时更有创意，更有意识，甚至可以享受一些老式的无聊)”可知，我们应该明智地选择放松的方式。故选D。DWhetheryoushopforfoodinatraditionalgrocerystoreorabigboxstore,mostofyouroptionsarejunkfoods.Termsonfoodpackaginglike“lowfat,”“glutenfree,”“ketofriendly”and“agoodsourceoffiber”don’tanswerthefundamentalquestion:Isthisfoodgoodforme?Thereislittlereliableguidanceavailableforpeoplewhodon’thavethetime,patienceorskilltoanalyzethenutritionlabels(标签).Butwhatwereallyneedisabold(大胆的)movethatwouldbetopreventpeoplefromfoodthat’sbadforthem:awarningsignthatahighsugarsodaorbreakfastcerealproduct,forexample,isanunhealthychoice.Chile,Mexico,Brazilanddozensofothercountrieshaveworkedtochangefoodlabeling.Researchhassuggestedthattheselabelscanhelppeopleunderstandnutritionalqualityandchangetheirpurchasinghabits.Finally,thegoalofthelabelsistoimprovenutritionandreducetheconsumptionofoverprocessedfoods.AfterChileadoptedseveralrulesin2016,researchersfoundthattheconsumptionofdrinkshighinsugarandsodiumdeclinedbynearly25percent.InUruguayasurveypublishedin2020assessingtheearlyeffectsofnutritionalwarningsfoundthat58percentofparticipantswhonoticedthewarningchangedtheirdecisionsaboutbuyingaproduct.Ofthosewhochangedtheirdecisions,17percentsaidtheychoseasimilarproductwithfewerwarnings,and18percentdecidednottobuyasimilarproductatall.IntheUnitedStates,newlabelinglawswillbemuchmorechallengingtotakeeffect.Asyoumightexpect,foodproducerswillsurelytrytostopwarninglabelsfrombeingrequired.Theyarearguingthattheseplanswouldbecostlyandthatthosecostswouldbepassedontoconsumers.ButresearchconductedsoonafterChile’sfoodlabelingandadvertisinglawpassedshowednoeffectsontotalemploymentandnegligibleeffectsonwages(工资)andprofit,evenasconsumerconsumptionofunhealthyfoodsdeclined.Tobeclear,thisisjustoneofmanystepstowardprovidingallAmericanswithahealthydiet.Butknowablefrontofpackagelabelingisoneofthebestlevers(杠杆)availabletopolicymakers,anditisalreadyworkingelsewhere.Itcanworkhere,too.12.Whatdoesparagraph1focuson?A.Thedoubtaboutnutrition. B.Theproblemwithlabels.C.Thedoubtaboutpackage. D.Theproblemwithfood.13.WhatdotheexamplesofChileandUruguayshow?A.Warninglabelscaneffectivelychangepeople’sbuyingbehavior.B.Peopleinthetwocountrieshavebetternutritionawareness.C.Foodproducersthereworkwellwiththegovernment.D.Theconsumptionofoverprocessedfoodshasbeenstopped.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“negligible”meaninparagraph5?A.Obvious. B.Lasting. C.Insignificant. D.Huge.15.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsadoptingwarninglabelsintheUnitedStates?A.Unclear. B.Opposing. C.Doubtful. D.Supportive.【答案】12.B13.A14.C15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出消费者当下购买的食物多为垃圾食品，包装标签难以帮助他们判断食物好坏，智利等多国改变食品标签且取得成效，美国实施新标签法遇阻，但有研究表明其负面影响小，应该推行这种措施。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whetheryoushopforfoodinatraditionalgrocerystoreorabigboxstore,mostofyouroptionsarejunkfoods.Termsonfoodpackaginglike“lowfat,”“glutenfree,”“ketofriendly”and“agoodsourceoffiber”don’tanswerthefundamentalquestion:Isthisfoodgoodforme?Thereislittlereliableguidanceavailableforpeoplewhodon’thavethetime,patienceorskilltoanalyzethenutritionlabels(标签).(无论你是在传统的杂货店还是大型商店购买食品，你选择的大部分都是垃圾食品。食品包装上的“低脂肪”、“无麸质”、“适合生酮饮食”和“富含纤维”等字眼并没有回答一个基本问题：这种食物对我有好处吗？对于那些没有时间、耐心或技能来分析营养标签的人来说，几乎没有可靠的指导。)”可知，本段指出食品标签不能有效帮助消费者判断食物是否有益这一问题，强调的是食品标签存在的问题。故选B项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“AfterChileadoptedseveralrulesin2016,researchersfoundthattheconsumptionofdrinkshighinsugarandsodiumdeclinedbynearly25percent.InUruguayasurveypublishedin2020assessingtheearlyeffectsofnutritionalwarningsfoundthat58percentofparticipantswhonoticedthewarningchangedtheirdecisionsaboutbuyingaproduct.Ofthosewhochangedtheirdecisions,17percentsaidtheychoseasimilarproductwithfewerwarnings,and18percentdecidednottobuyasimilarproductatall.(智利在2016年通过了几项规定后，研究人员发现，高糖和高钠饮料的消费量下降了近25%。在乌拉圭，2020年发布的一项评估营养警告早期影响的调查发现，58%注意到警告的参与者改变了购买产品的决定。在那些改变了决定的人中，17%的人说他们选择了警告更少的类似产品，18%的人决定根本不买类似的产品。)”可推知，这些具体的数据和例子表明，食品上的警告标签能够切实有效地影响人们在购物时的选择，从而改变他们的购买行为。故选A项。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Theyarearguingthattheseplanswouldbecostlyandthatthosecostswouldbepassedontoconsumers.ButresearchconductedsoonafterChile’sfoodlabelingandadvertisinglawpassedshowednoeffectsontotalemployment(他们认为，这些计划成本高昂，而且这些成本将转嫁给消费者。但在智利食品标签和广告法通过后不久进行的研究显示，对总就业没有影响)”和下文“evenasconsumerconsumptionofunhealthyfoodsdeclined(尽管消费者对不健康食品的消费有所下降)”可知，这里有转折，虽然食品生产商反对警告标签，认为这成本高且成本会转嫁给消费者，但实际上影响不大，对工资和利润影响应该是“微不足道的，不值一提的”，画线词意思与insignificant“微不足道的，不显著的”接近。故选C项。【15题详解】推理判断题。作者在文中列举了其他国家实施食品警告标签取得的积极效果，并在最后一段中“Butknowablefrontofpackagelabelingisoneofthebestlevers(杠杆)availabletopolicymakers,anditisalreadyworkingelsewhere.Itcanworkhere,too.(但是，包装正面可见的标签是政策制定者可用的最佳杠杆之一，而且它已经在其他地方发挥作用。这在这里也行得通。)”指出这一举措在美国应该也是可行的。由此可知，作者对在美国采用警告标签持支持态度。故选D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whenitestotravellingabroad,manypeoplechooseagrouptourtogetthemostoutoftheirholiday.____16____Thankfully,travelexpertDilvinYasahassharedtipsforthat.Budgetaccordingly.Whenplanningyourgrouptour,budgetingisanimportantfactor,asthesetripsarerarelyallinclusive(包含一切的).____17____Extracostsonagrouptourcouldincludemeals,attractionsandadditionalactivities,sopleasefactorpotentialcostsin.____18____Yasaadvisedagainstskippingbetweendifferentdestinations,asstricttimelimitscouldpreventyoufromparticipatinginbacktobacktours.“Ifthedistancesortimebetweendestinationsarenotlisted,turntoGoogleMapstoknowhowlongyou’reexpectedtobeontheroad.”Don’tarriveatthelastminute.Ifyou’reinagrouptour,don’tleavehomeuntilthedaywhenthetoursetsoff.“Theworstismissingaconnectingflightorexperiencingdelays.____19____”Yasasaid.“Remembertoarrivethedaybeforeattheverylatestandgiveyourselfalittleextrafreetimeatthetailend.”Keepsomecashonhand.Whilemostofyourtourshouldalreadybepaidforbeforeyoustart,youshouldalwayspreparesomecash.Especiallywhentravellingtomoreremotelocations,orvisitingsmallerfoodstandsormarkets,youshouldn’tassumeeverywherewilltakecardpayments.Yasasaid,“____20____”A.Knowyourgeography.B.Trytoattendeverytrip.C.It’sagoodchoicetoexchangegoods.D.It’sbettertohavesomecashonyouatalltimes.E.Youmaymissthefirstortwoofthetouryou’vepaidfor.F.Addupalltheextracostsuntilyouarriveatyourrealfigure.G.However,therearealwaysthingstohandlebeforebookingyourtrip.【答案】16.G17.F18.A19.E20.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在预定出国跟团游之前应该准备的一些事务。【16题详解】前文“Whenitestotravellingabroad,manypeoplechooseagrouptourtogetthemostoutoftheirholiday.(说到出国旅游，许多人选择跟团旅游来最大限度地利用他们的假期)”提到出国旅游时很多人选择跟团旅游，表明这样有充分利用假期的好处，后文“Thankfully,travelexpertDilvinYasahassharedtipsforthat.(值得庆幸的是，旅游专家DilvinYasa分享了这方面的建议)”提到一名旅游专家分享了建议，空处应该与跟团旅游存在的问题相关，因此G项“However,therearealwaysthingstohandlebeforebookingyourtrip.(然而，在预订旅行之前，总有一些事情需要处理)”符合语境，指出预订旅行前也有事务需处理，和前文构成转折，引出后文的建议。故选G。【17题详解】前文“Whenplanningyourgrouptour,budgetingisanimportantfactor,asthesetripsarerarelyallinclusive(包含一切的).(当计划你的团体旅游时，预算是一个重要因素，因为这些旅行很少是全包的)”指出计划团体旅游需考虑预算，后文“Extracostsonagrouptourcouldincludemeals,attractionsandadditionalactivities,sopleasefactorpotentialcostsin.(团体旅游的额外费用可能包括餐饮、景点和额外的活动，所以请考虑潜在的费用)”说明额外费用具体包括哪些，空处应该是建议计算预计的额外费用，因此F项“Addupalltheextracostsuntilyouarriveatyourrealfigure.(把所有额外费用加起来，直到你得出你的实际数字为止)”符合语境，承前启后，其中的extracosts在后文有同词复现。故选F。【18题详解】后文“Yasaadvisedagainstskippingbetweendifferentdestinations,asstricttimelimitscouldpreventyoufromparticipatinginbacktobacktours.“Ifthedistancesortimebetweendestinationsarenotlisted,turntoGoogleMapstoknowhowlongyou’reexpectedtobeontheroad.”(Yasa建议不要在不同的目的地之间跳跃，因为严格的时间限制可能会阻止你参加一个接一个的旅行。“如果目的地之间的距离或时间没有列出，请转到谷歌地图，了解你预计在路上的时间。”)”主要建议了解不同目的地之间的距离和通行时间，避免超出时间限制，空处是段落标题，应该是总的建议了解目的地的地理情况，且需和其他段落标题一样使用祈使句的形式，因此A项“Knowyourgeography.(知道你的地理位置)”符合语境，契合后文内容。故选A。【19题详解】前文“Theworstismissingaconnectingflightorexperiencingdelays.(最糟糕的情况是错过转机或遇到延误)”提到错过转机或遇到延误的糟糕情况，空处依旧是Yasa所说的话，应该与这些糟糕情况的后果有关，因此E项“Youmaymissthefirstortwoofthetouryou’vepaidfor.(你可能会错过你已经付过钱的前一两个行程)”符合语境，表明这样会错过行程，承接前文。故选E。【20题详解】前文“Especiallywhentravellingtomoreremotelocations,orvisitingsmallerfoodstandsormarkets,youshouldn’tassumeeverywherewilltakecardpayments.(特别是当你去偏远的地方旅行，或者去较小的小吃摊或市场时，你不应该认为所有地方都接受信用卡支付)”指出有些地方可能无法用信用卡支付，空处是Yasa所说的话，位于段末，应该是给出应对这种情况的建议：随身携带现金，因此D项“It’sbettertohavesomecashonyouatalltimes.(随身带点现金比较好)”符合语境，承接前文。故选D。第三部分语言运用（共四节，满分45分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。In2011ourhomewassurroundedwithfloodwaters.Althoughwe’dbeenthroughmanyfloodsbefore,thistimethewaterwasmuchhigher.Wewatchedasthemuddywatercoveredour____21____beehives(蜂箱).Ican’texplainthedepthofour____22____.Therewasnothingwecoulddoforthem.MyhusbandandIheldeachotherandcriedaswewatchedtheheavybeehives____23____.Atfirst,our29henswere____24____inthehenhouselocatedonaslightrise.Butsuddenlyweheard____25____squawking(咯咯叫).Ourchickens____26____dangerasthefloodwatersroseclosetotheirhome.Theirsquawkingbecamevery____27____.Suddenlywesawasmalldinghy(救生艇)withtwostrangersrowingtowardsus.Thankstothem,thechickenswere____28____takentoourtractorshed(棚).Itwasclosetoegglayingtime,andtheshedwaswarmand____29____despite