上海市某中学2024-2025学年高二年级上册11月期中英语试题

上海市建平中学2024-2025学年高二上学期11月期中英语试题

一、语法填空

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentand

grammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformof

thegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

TheHelloftheSandwichLunch

ThecompetitiontobetheworsttwowordsintheEnglishlanguageisextremely

hard-fought.Surpriseparty.Cruiseholiday.Ricepudding.Keengolfer.Thelistgoesonandon.

Butrightupthereis"sandwichlunch^^.Separately,]ofthesewordscontainslotsof

beautifulpromise.Incombination,however,theyspellhorribledisaster.

Mostobviously,theysignalthatyourlunchisruined.Youmighthavebeenplanningto

strollthroughaparkoreatwithafriend.Nowyouwillbespendingyourbreakworking,__2

（trap）inameetingroomwithseveralofyourcolleagues.Evenmoreannoyingly,yourmanager

hasannouncedthatsandwicheswillbeprovided3youshouldbegratefulforthekindness

andconsideration.

Theactualfoodchoicesarenotyours.Instead,theyappear4（make）bya

six-year-old.Thecentrepieceisaplatterofsandwichescutintotriangles.Therearepaperplates.

Youcan'thelp5（look）aroundforpartyhatsandballoons.

Notthatyouactuallyeatmuch.Theetiquette（礼仪）ofthesandwichlunchrequires

everyonetotakelessthantheywant,inordertosignalthattheyareteamplayers6know

howtoshare.Peoplepolitelywaittheirturnandthenrestrictthemselves7afewitems.

Yourownpaperplateisfairlytypical:twotrianglesofbread,foursalt-and-vinegarcrisps（薯片），a

limpsaladleafandoneplumtomato.Ifsaboutasappetizingasacupofsand.Youpickupthe

biggestofyourfourcrispsandputitinyourmouthjustasthebossbeginstolayouttheagenda

forthediscussion.Crispsarenever8（noisy）thanwheneatenatasandwichlunch.Every

bitethunders（口向声穿透）throughtheroom;eyesflickyourwaywitheachcrunchandthenback

tothespeaker.Youwonder9ittakesforacrisptodissolve（溶解）throughtheactionof

saliva（唾液）alone,andconcludeitisbettertogetthewholethingoverwith.Cueadesperate

loudburstofchewingandalleyesarenowonyou.Thebosshasstoppedspeaking.Onefinalbite,

andaswallow.Thecrispaswellasyourpromotionprospects10（be）dead.

二、选词填空

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybe

usedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.easeB.fittingC.forceD.modestE.preciselyF.primarily

G.robbedH.awesomeI.encounterJ.starvingK.warned

TheProblemofTotallyEpicLanguageInflation

StanCareyrecentlywroteashortblogaboutlanguageinflation,whichultimatelycreates

devaluationinmeaning.Today,popularexpressionslikeepicandbrilliantareusedtoexpressa

more11meaningthantheirtraditionaluses.Brilliantactuallymeansclever,andepic

actuallymeanssurprising.Suchisourdesiretoelevatewordswithpowerandimportance,thatwe

usehyperbole（夸张）todrawattention.

Thesametendencycanbeseeninnumbersaswell.Oncegiving110%becamecliche,

peoplestartedinsistingthattheygive210%,310%,andonandon.Tocreateevenmore12

behindthephrase,peoplewillalsothrowinaliterally.Iliterallygave210%.

Thisisnonewtrend.Mygenerationdestroyedwordslikeawesomeandtotally.Myparents

andgrandparents13ofmeaningwordslikeincredible,wonderful,andfantastic.

IrishnovelistC.S.Lewisexpressedconcernoverlanguageinflation:"Don'tsayinfinitely

whenyoumeanvery;otherwise,you'llhavenowordleftwhenyouwanttotalkaboutsomething

reallyinfinite.^^

Andthisis14wherewefindourselvesrightnow.Wehavenowords15

whenwewanttosaythatsomethingtrulyisawe-inspiring.

Thiscanalsomakeitallthemoredifficultformodemreaderstoconnectwitholderbooks.

Particularly,itcancheapenourunderstandingoftheScriptures（圣经）.Asachildofthe80s,Iwas

neverat16callingGodawesome,becauseasfarasIknew,itmeantsomethingmuchless

great.Ifmysunglassesaretotallyawesome,IneedsomeotherwordforGod!

试卷第2页，共13页

Oursoulsare17inthecurrentculture.Weneglectthespiritualaspectsofourown

existencemoreandmore.Itmakessensethatthelanguagewouldreflectthataswell.Caring

18forourphysicalneeds,werunacrossfewermomentsthatinspireuswithtrueawe.Those

emotionswouldrequirea（n）19withthesignificantandthetimetocontemplate（沉思）it.

Butwho'sgotthetimeorthedesireforthat?We'llsettlefor（将就）prettygoodexperiences

andcallthemtotally20.

三、完形填空

DaretoFollow

Almosteveryoneaspirestolead.Ifthereisonethinganyonewithajobandapulseneedsto

learn,itishowto21.That,atleast,isthemessagefromthetsunamiofbooks,courses,

videosandpodcastsonthetopic.Businessschoolsofferallkindsofleadershiptraining.Youare

toldhowtoleadwithoutactuallybeingaleader.

22inallthisisaninconvenientfact.Mostpeopleintheworkforcearenotleaders

andprettymucheveryone23someoneelse.Themostusefulskilltohaveinyourcurrent

jobmaywellbehowtobeagoodfollower.

Thatleadersdependonfollowersmightseemblindinglyobvious,butthewaythatpeople

lowerdowntheladderinteractwiththoseabovethemgetsmuchlessattentionthanthe24.

Acornerofthemanagementliteratureis25to"fbllowership”,butitremainssmall,fbr

severalreasons.

Thefirstisthatyoudon'tneedanyadvicetoachievethepositionof26;youwill

neverbemoreofonethanontheveryfirstdayofyourveryfirstjob.

Thesecondreasonisthat,althoughsomepeoplehavelittledesiretobeinapositionof

authority,veryfewaspiretofollow.Theworditselfisassociatedwith27,weaknessand

complaints.InanexperimentconductedbyColetteHoptionofSeattleUniversityandher

co-authors,peoplewhowererandomlyassignedtotheroleoffollowersfeltunhappierandwere

lesswillingtodoworkattheweekendsandearlyinthemorningthanthosegiventhe28of

leaders.

Thethirdreasonwhytheartoffollowinggetslittleattentionisthatmostsubordinates（下

属）havemuchlessagencythanthepeople29them.Thereisoftennochoiceinwhomyou

reportto.Leaders,notfollowers,setthetone:30bossesarenotold-schoolcommand-and-

controltypes,theyshapehoweveryonebeneaththembehaves.-

Ifsuchthingsexplainwhyleadershipis31,thebehaviouroffollowersisstillcrucial.

Hierarchies（等级制度）canbemorefluid（流动的）thantheysometimeslook:asteamsformand

dissolve,youmaybeleadingaprojectonemonthand32thenext.Thingsgenerallygo

betterwhenpeopleateverylevelareengagedintheirworkandpreparedtotakeonresponsibility.

Proactivityisabigpartofbeinganeffectivefollower.Oneofthefathersofthefield,

RobertKelley,hasusefully33fivestylesoffollowership:sheep,yes-people,unfriendly

followers,pragmatists,andstars.Which34offollowerpeoplefallintowillundoubtedly

dependontheirboss.Butitwillalsodependonthem:onwhethertheyingratiate（讨好）

themselveswiththeirmanagersor35them;onwhethertheyseetheirbossassomeoneto

supportorcomplainabout.AstheBritishArmyputsit,“Tofolloweffectively...isachoice.^^

21.A.startB.leadC.acquireD.convey

22.A.SpecialB.AbundantC.MissingD.Competent

23.A.countsonB.reportstoC.callsforD.alternateswith

24.A.reverseB.authorityC.agendaD.convention

25.A.blindedB.reducedC.dedicatedD.accustomed

26.A.candidateB.consultantC.executiveD.follower

27.A.courageB.passivityC.discriminationD.dignity

28.A.leisureB.dutyC.labelD.payment

29.A.supervisingB.surroundingC.defendingD.entertaining

30.A.evenifB.nowthatC.giventhatD.providedthat

31.A.undertheweatherB.inthedarkC.inthespotlight

D.oncloudnine

32.A.contributingB.dominatingC.selectingD,appointing

33.A.hiredB.surveyedC.identifiedD.designed

34.A.campaignB.categoryC.trapD.business

35.A.defendB.sponsorC.influenceD.challenge

试卷第4页，共13页

四、阅读理解

AbiographyofBillGates:DollarBill

"Americansappeartobegrowingincreasinglyuneasyaboutbillionaires,observes

AnupreetaDas,ajournalistattheNewYorkTimes.Withhislongcareeranditsmanyupsand

downs,Mr.Gatesis“theperfectprism（棱镜）throughwhichtoprojecttrickymoralquestions^^in

pursuitofa"collectiverethink“aboutAmericanvalues.

Inthebiography,Ms.DasgoesfromthefoundingofMicrosoftin1975toitsstockmarket

flotation（上市）11yearslater.By1995Mr.Gateswastheyoungestbillionaireandtherichest

personinAmericabutwasfacinganewproblem:hiscompanywassodominantthatitattracted

theattentionofantitrustregulators.Theheroicnerdhadcometobeseenasavillain（反派）.

So,Mr.Gatesreinventedhimselfasaphilanthropist（慈善家），establishingtheworld's

largestcharitablefoundationwithhisthenwifeMelindaandpromotingamongotherbillionaires

theGivingPledge（apromisetodonatemostofone'swealthtocharitablecauses）.Sosuccessful

wasthisreinventionthatMr.Gateswasthemostadmiredmanintheworldfrom2014to2019,

accordingtoYouGovpolls.

Butthenhisscandals（丑闻）ledtothecollapseofhismarriage.Atthesametime,thepower

ofhisfoundationbegantocomeunderincreasinginspection.Thefoundationpoursbillionsinto

public-healthinitiatives,outspendingmanygovernments,andthusshapeshealthpolicyinmany

countries-yetitisaccountabletonobodybuttheGateses.Duringthecovid-19pandemic,Mr.

Gateswasalsothesubjectofconspiracytheories（阴谋论）suggestingthathewasprofitingfrom

vaccinesandeveninjectingtinymicrochipsintopeople.Theherohadonceagainbecomea

villain.

ButMs.Das'sbookismostinterestingwhenitshowshowMr.Gateshasinfluencedother

billionaires,suchasMarkZuckerbergandJeffBezos,howtheyhavefollowedhisexample,and

howtheyhavenot.

ThebookshowsMr.Gatesfrommanyanglesbutprovidesfewinsightsofhimasaperson.

ThereisaGates-shapedholeatthecentreofthenarrative;Ms.Daswasnotallowedtointerview

Mr.Gates.Sowhatdoessheconcludeaboutbillionaires?Theyare,shesuggests,lightning

mds.（避雷针）fordeeperconcernsaboutinequalityandprivilege.Butsheholdsbackfrommaking

astrongargumentaboutMr.Gates.Abookthatpromisestotacklebillionaires9placeinsociety

asksmanyquestions,butalsoasksreaderstomakeuptheirownminds.

36.WhatisthemainpurposeofAnupreetaDas'sbiographyofBillGates?

A.TodocumentthepersonallifeandcareersuccessofBillGates.

B.TocelebrateBillGates9sachievementsinthetechnologyindustry.

C.ToprovideadetailedaccountofthehistoryofMicrosoft.

D.ToexplorethemoralimplicationsofAmericavalues.

37.WhywasBillGatesregardedavillain?

©Microsoftwassodominantastoattracttheattentionofantitrustregulators.

②Heestablishedtheworld'slargestcharitablefoundationandreinventedhimselfasa

philanthropist.

(3)Hisinvestmentinpublic-healthinitiativesexceededmanygovernments,thusshapinghealth

policyaccountabletoonlytheGateses.

@Hewasaccusedofprofitingfromvaccinesandeveninjectingtinymicrochipsintopeople

duringthecovid-19pandemic.

A.①②④B.①③④C.②③④D.①②③④

38.Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytobeincludedinthisbook?

A.AspecificdescriptionofMs.Das9interviewwithBillGatesandthetranscriptofit.

B.BillGates9personality,hobbies,andpersonalanecdotesinhisearlylifeatMicrosoft.

C.ThestorythatMr.Zuckerbergfacedhisowncrisis,andturnedtoMr.Gatesforadvice.

D.Ms.Das'strongargumentaboutMr.Gates,suchasconcernsaboutinequalityand

privilege.

39.WhatistheoveralltoneoftheauthortowardsBillGatesandothertechbillionairesinthis

book?

A.Neutralandinformative.

B.Admiringandsupportive.

C.Criticalanddisapproving.

D.Sympatheticandunderstanding.

HikingThreeGreatWalks

试卷第6页，共13页

THELARAPINTATRAIL

Difficulty:Moderate

TheLarapintaTrailisa142-milebushwalkacrosstheNorthernTerritory'ssunbakedWest

MacDonnellRanges,traversingaridoutcropsbeforedescendingtoswimmingholes.Startingin

AliceSprings/Mparntwe,ittakesnearlythreeweekstohikethelengthofthetrailtoitsglorious

sunriseclimaxatMountSonder,butthetrailisdividedinto12sectionstoallowfordaywalks,

overnighttreksandmulti-dayhikes.WorldExpeditionsofferspackagesrangingfromself-guided

trekstoall-inclusiveguidedtourswithstaysattentedeco-camps,fromA$4,000(£2,040)perperson.

Larapintatrailcomauworld

CAPETOCAPEWALK

Difficulty:Moderate

WesternAustralia'sMargaretRiverdrawssurfersandoenophilesthankstoitsbountiful

breaksandwineries.Weavingbetweenthemisthe77-mileCapetoCapeTrack,acoastaltrailthat

navigateskarriforestsandcliffsalongthelengthofLeeuwin-NaturalisteNationalPark.Thetrail

cantakeuptosevendaystocompleteandisopenyear-round-planyourvisitbetweenJuneand

Decemberforthechancetospothumpbackwhalesduringtheirannualmigration.Basiccamping

isallowedonthetrailbutapopularoptionistostayinMargaretRiverandcatchshuttlesfrom

theretothe.au

SCENICRIMTRAIL

Difficulty:Hard

Queensland'sfour-day,29-mileScenicRimTrailstartswithaheart-pumpingclimb2,300ft

uptheMistakeMountains.Fromhere,you'remetwithsteep,trackthatmeanderthroughancient

rainforest.Lookoutforkoalasinthetreetopsandkangaroosbouncingacrossthepathandspend

thenightcampingbeneatheucalypts.Thechallengingtopographymeansindependenthikingis

bestlefttoexperiencednavigators.SpicersScenicRimTrailofferssmallgrouptourswithstaysin

luxurytentsandfarmhouses,

fromA$1,750(£900)

40.WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUE?

A.Youcangocampingonallofthesethreehikingtrails.

B.Youcanspotmanywildanimalswhenhikingthelarapintatrail.

C.Itisrecommendedforbeginnerhikerstochoosethescenicrimtrail.

D.Thedifficulty,cost,lengthandrelatedsiteofeachhikingroutearementionedinthe

passage.

41.JohnhasabudgetofA$2,000andtwoweeksofvacationtimetogoonahikingadventure.He

lovesseaviews,andisalsoawinelover.Whichtrailwouldbethemostsuitableforhim?

A.Thelarapintatrail.B.Capetocapewalk.

C.Scenicrimtrail.D.Noneofthem.

42.Whereisthisarticlemostlikelytoappear?

A.ChinaDailyB.TheEconomist

C.TheNewYorkerD.NationalGeographicTraveller

Increasingly,Ai-generatedoutputsdriftacrossourfeedsandsearches.Farbeyondour

screens,theentirecultureisbecomingaffected.

Arecentstudyexaminingscientists9peerreviewsrevealedthattheword“meticulous（严谨

的）“wasused34timesmoreoftenthaninthepreviousyear.Thephrasing,oneofthefavorite

buzzwordsofmodemlargelanguagemodelslikeChatGPT,indicatesthatmanyresearchersare

handingtheirworkovertoAL

Thisreflectsamuchbiggerproblem.Anyviralpostonsocialmedianowalmostcertainly

includesAi-generatedreplies,alltoattractfollows.ThenthereisthegrowinguseofAItoscale

thecreationofcheapsyntheticvideosforchildrenonYouTube.Thenarrativesmakenosense,and

charactersappearanddisappearrandomly.Asaneuroscientist,thisworriesme.Isn'titpossible

thathumanculturecontainswithinitcognitivenutrients-thingslikecohesivenarrationsand

charactercontinuity——thatdevelopingbrainsneed?Butwhathappenswhenatoddleris

consumingmostlyAi-generatedcontent?

It'sworthlookingtoahistoricalanalogy（类比）forourcurrentsituation:theenvironmental

movement.Forjustascompaniesandindividualsweredriventopollutebyeconomicincentives,

so,too,isAl'sculturalpollutiondrivenbyarationaldecisiontofilltheinternefsappetitefor

contentascheaplyaspossible.However,therehasbeenundeniableprogresskeepingourcities

mostlyfreeofsmog.How?

GarrettHardin,abiologistandecologist,emphasizedin1968thatpollutionwasanover

试卷第8页，共13页

exploitationofsharedresourcesdrivenbypeopleactingintheirowninterest,andthat"weare

lockedintoasystemof'fbuling。亏染）ourownnest,'solongaswebehaveonlyasindependent,

rational,freeenterprisers.Hesummeduptheproblemasa“tragedyofthecommons（公共用地）

Thisacknowledgementwascrucialtotheenvironmentalmovement,whichreliedongovernment

regulationtodowhatcompaniesalonecouldorwouldnotdo.

Onceagain,wefindourselvesenactingatragedyofthecommons:short-termeconomic

self-interestencouragesusingcheapAIcontenttomaximizeclicksandviews,whichinturn

pollutesourculture.Andsofar,majorAIcompaniesarerefusingtohelpidentifyAl'screation-

whichtheycoulddobyaddingstatisticalpatternshiddeninworduseorinthepixelsofimages.

TodealwiththiscorporaterefusaltoactweneedtheequivalentofaCleanAirAct:aClean

InternetAct.AsimplesolutionwouldbetolegislativelyforceadvancedwatermarkinginAI-

generatedoutputs.Justasthe20thcenturyrequiredextensiveinterventionstoprotecttheshared

environment,the21stcenturymustprotectadifferent,butequallycritical,commonresource:our

sharedhumanculture.

43.Whydoestheauthorexpressconcern?

A.Ai-generatedcontentisdifficulttodetect.

B.Youngchildrenareoverlyexposedtoonlinecontent.

C.Ourcultureisaffectedbylow-qualityAi-generatedcontent.

D.Technologicalissues,similartoenvironmentalproblems,areserious.

44.Whichofthefollowingexamplesbestillustratesa"tragedyofthecommons^^?

A.Fishermenoverfishingtoearnasmuchaspossible.

B.Netizensuploadinganexcessivenumberofvideosonline.

C.StudentsusingAItogenerateanswersforexamquestions.

D.Governmentsfailingtoestablishpartnershipwithcompanies.

45.Accordingtotheauthor,theissuediscussedcanberesolvedby.

A.controllingthevolumeofAi-generatedcontent

B.regulatingAIoutputstomakethemmoreidentifiable

C.urgingtechcompaniestoimprovethequalityofAIgeneration

D.encouragingpeopletotreatcultureasseriouslyastheytreatenvironmentalissues

46.Whichofthefollowingservesasthemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?

A.Atragedyofthecommons:theimportanceofregulation

B.AIoutputsareoverwhelming:potentialrisksofAItechnology

C.Navigatingthedigitalage:whyAIshouldbeusedwithcaution

D.AddressingAi-generatedgarbage:endangeredcultureneedslegislation

Thebiologyofsleep:Fortythousandnapsnearthesea

Sleepisabitofanevolutionarymystery.Asleepinganimalcannotlookforfood,defendits

territoryorfleefromdanger.Thefactthatsleepisnonethelesscommonamonganimalssuggests

itsrestorativepowersareessential.Sodoesthefactthat,iflaboratoryanimalsaredeprivedofit

forlongenough,theydie.

Someanimals,though,havedevelopeduniquewaystobalancetheneedforsleepandthe

needforstayingalert.Dolphinsandduckscansleepwithonlyhalftheirbrainsatatime,leaving

theotherhalfalert.47Chinstrappenguins（帽带企鹅），itseems,taketheirsleepinthe

formofthousandsoftinymicro-naps.

Theresearcherscaptured14penguinsonKingGeorgeIsland,andtheirbrainactivitywas

trackedremotelythroughelectrodes.Whileduckssleepinlongstretches,theresearchers

discoveredthatthepenguinswerenappingforjustafewsecondsatatime,hundredsoftimesan

hour.

Theyoffertwoexplanationsforthepenguins9sleeppatterns.Thefirstistodowithexternal

threats.Penguinsoftenincubate（孵化）theireggsalonewhiletheirpartnersareawayforagingfor

food.Coloniesarethreatenedbybrownskuas（棕贼鸥）.48Brokensleepmaybean

evolutionarilysmartwayofgettingsomeshut-eyeduringlongegg-guardingwatcheswhilestill

remainingabletoreacttodanger.

49Birdswithnestsneartheedgeofthecolonyoughttobeatgreaterriskthanthose

inthecentre.Butbirdsontheedgesofthecolonyseemedtoenjoylongeranddeepernapsthan

thosenearthemiddle.

Thatleadstothesecondsuggestion,whichistodowiththepenguinsthemselves.Penguin

coloniesarenoisy,crowdedplaces,andthreatsmaycomefromwithinaswellaswithout.50

Birdsinthebustling,crime-riddencentreofthecolonymaysimplyfindithardertogetany

shut-eyethanthoselivinginthesafer,quietersuburbs.

试卷第10页，共13页

Choosingbetweenthosetheorieswillrequiremoreresearch.Both,ofcourse,couldproveto

betrue.

A.Butthatiscomplicatedbyanotheroftheresearchers5findings.

B.Theyarepredatorybirdsthatwillgladlyseizeunattendedeggs.

C.NowapaperbyLibourelandLeereportsanothercleveradaptation.

D.Thebirdsmayreadilystealnestingmaterialsfromunguardedneighbours,forinstance.

E.Butthefactthatthebirdsareabletoincubateeggsundersuchconditionsprovesthenaps

useful.

F.Likeducks,chinstrappenguinscansleepwitheithertheirwholebrainorwithjustone

hemisphereatatime.

五、书面表达

51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthe

passageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

TheMarketingSuccessoftheStaleyCupQuencher

Intheworldofdrinkware,theStanleyCupQuencherhasemergedasatruesuccessstory,

captivatingconsumersanddominatingthemarket.Thisinsulatedtumblerhasbecomeahousehold

name,withitspopularitysoaringacrossvariousdemographics.TheStanleyCupQuencher's

successisnotjustamatterofluck;itisatestamenttothepowerofeffectiveprod