城郊矿1.5 Mt-a新井设计-深部骑跨大巷变形破坏机理及控制技术研究

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页英文原文BackfillingtechnologyandstratabehaviorsinfullymechanizedcoalminingworkingfaceZhangQiang,ZhangJixiong,HuangYanli,JuFengA、SchoolofMines,ChinaUniversityofMining&Technology,Xuzhou221116,ChinaB、StateKeyLaboratoryofCoalResources&MineSafety,Xuzhou221116,ChinaAbstract:BasedontheprincipleoffullymechanizedbackfillingandcoalminingtechnologyandcombinedwiththeXingtaiCoalMineconditions,wemainlyoptimizedthecoalminingequipmentandadjustedthecoalminingmethodintheXingtaiCoalMine7606workingfaceforimplementationthistechnology.Firstly,wedefinethepracticalbackfillingprocessasthe‘‘(frombackfillingscraperconveyor’s)headtotailback-filling,stepbystepswingingupofthetampingarm,gradualcompacting,movingformedbackfillingscra-perconveyorwhenthesecondtampingarmcannotpassandconnectingtheimmediateroofbybackmaterialpushfrontmaterialmovement’’.Meanwhile,thestresschangesofbackfillbodyincoalminedoutareawasmonitoredbystresssensors,andtheroofcavinglawwasanalyzedbymonitoringthedynamicsubsidenceofÀ210westroadwayofthisface.Thesitetestsresultsshowthatusingthisnewbackfillingandcoalminingintegratedtechnology,theproductioncapacityinthe7606workingfacecanreachto283,000tonayear,and282,000tonofsolidmaterials(wasteandflyash)isbackfilled,whichmeetstheneedsofhighproductionandefficiency.Thegoafwascompactlybackfilledwithsolidmaterialandthestratabehaviorwasquitedesirable,withanactualmaximumverticalstressofthebackfillbodyof5.5MPa.Backfillbodycontrolthemovementofoverburdenwithinacertainrange,andthereisnocol-lapsesofmajorareasintheoverlyingstratauponbackfilledgob.Themaximumsubsidenceandspeedwere231mmand15.75mm/drespectively,whichprovedthepracticalsignificanceofthisintegratedtechnology.Keywords:Fullymechanizedbackfillingandcoalminingtechnology，Hydraulicsupport，Formedbackfillingscraperconveyor，Backfillingtechnology，Stratabehaviors1.IntroductionChina’seconomyiscontinuouslydependingonthecoalenergy.ThecoalproductioninChinahasincreasedrapidlyinrecentyears,however,theotherresourcesandenvironmentareaffectedseri-ously.Asanexample,coalwasteisakindofsolidwastedischargedfromcoalexploitationandpreparation.Thiswastepileonthesur-faceandformwastedumpsoverthetime.Accordingtothepartialestimates,thereisabout4.5billiontonsofwasterockpiledonthesurfaceinChina,andabout15,000hectaresoflandareoccupied.Thereare1600comparativelylargewasterockdumps,andthepiledwasteisincreasingataspeedof0.15–0.20billiontonsayear.Wastedumpshavenotonlyoccupiedtoomuchland,pollutedtheair,soilsandundergroundwateraroundthem,butalsohavecausedpotentialdangers,suchaslandslide,spontaneouscombus-tionandexplosion.Soitisaseverethreattothepeople’shealthandenvironmentinminingdistricts.Iftheconditionissuchthattheroofwillnotcaveorsubsidencetothesurfaceisnotallowable,itwillbenecessarytobackfillthevoidwithmaterialssuchassand,wastefromcoal-preparationplants,orflyash.Owingtotechnicalandenvironmentalreasons,backfillingispracticedinmanyminingcountries(e.g.,Poland,India),buttheunitcostofcoalminingismuchhigherwithbackfilling.Uptodate,therearethreemainmaturebackfillingtechnologiesinChinawhichare;superhigh-waterpackingmaterialbackfilling,pastebackfillingandsolidmaterialfullymechanizedbackfillingcoalminingtechnology[1].Someliteraturesstudiedtheexperi-mentsandapplicationsofsuperhigh-waterpackingmaterial.Somearticlesstudiedminingmethodandcoalwinningtech-nologyofpastebackfilling.Zhangetal.studiedthestratapressurebehaviorofrawwastebackfillingwithfully-mechanizedcoalminingtechnology.Asanewbackfilltechnologyincoalmine,thesolidmaterialfullymechanizedbackfillingcoalminingtechnologyisdevelopingdaybyday.ThistechnologyhasbeenappliedinXingtaiCoalMine,JiningNo.3CoalMineinChina.Itsapplicationshaveconfirmeddistinc-tiveadvantagesonextractingcoalunderwaterbodies,railwaylinesandbuildingsandcontrollingthesurfacesubsidence.Thisisitsmajordifferencecomparedwithtraditionalfullymechanizedcoalminingmethods.Tothebestofourknowledge,therearesel-domresearchesonbackfillingandcoalminingtechnology.ThisarticlemainlyintroducesthistechnologyfromtheabovetwopointsbasedontheminingconditionsofXingtaiCoalMine.2.BasicprinciplesoffullymechanizedbackfillingminingInfullymechanizedbackfillingmining,weusuallyusewasterock,flyashandothersolidmaterialsasthebackfillmaterials.Weusetheverticalcontinuousconveyorsystemtotransportsuchsolidmaterialsfromthesurfacetotheunderground,andthenthroughthebeltconveyortransportationtothebackfillingwork-ingface.Wetaketheadvantageofthebackfillingdevicetoachievethefillingprocess.Thebasicprinciplesofafullymechanizedback-fillingminingisshowninFig.1[16,18,19].3.Generalinformationof7606workingface3.1.Geologicalconditions7606backfillingandcoalminingfacearethefirstsolidmaterialfullymechanizedbackfillminingfacesinChina.Thisfaceextracts2#coalseam,whichhasanaverageinclinationof9°,averageheightof3manddepthofÀ320m.Thelithologyoftheroofissandyshalewithheightof4.5mandthefloorissandyshalewithheightof6.69m.Thefaceislocatedineastofundergroundinthe6thminingarea.Itsnortheastisnearthegoafof7602workingface,northwestneartoF10fault,southis50mawayfromÀ210westroadwayandeastis100mawayfromshaftbottom.3.2.BackfillingsystemlayoutThetailgateofthe7606backfillingworkingfaceis40mawayfromF10fault,andtheheadgateisparallelwithtailgateconnect-ingwith7600transportationline.Theinterconnectionis50mawayfromthewestroadwayandthestopmininglineissetatleast35mawayfromwestroadway.Theinclinewidthandstrikeadvancinglengthof7606backfillingworkingfaceare50and460m,respectively,andtheavailablecoalreserveis115,000ton.Backfillingsystemismadeoffourpartsincludingsurfacetrans-portationsystem,verticalfeedingsystem,undergroundtranspor-tationsystemandstopefillingsystem.Thebackfillingabilityofthissystemis450ton/h.Thebackfillmaterialsinthisfacearewastesandflyashes.Thewastescomefromthewastedumpwithcapacityof380,000m3,andflyashescomefromcoalpreparationplantswithcapacitiesofover37,000m3ayear.Thesetwomaterialsaremixedbymea-sureinstructorbeforebeingthrownintoverticalfeedingsystem.Then,themixedbackfillmaterialistransportedtostoragesiloundergroundbyverticalfeedingsystem,theninturnto7606back-fillingworkingfaceor7606tailgatethroughhaulagerise.4.Coalminingandbackfillingtechnology4.1.KeyequipmentAvarietyofequipmentsareusedinasurfaceminingoperationincludingshearer,scraperconveyor,hydraulicsupport,self-advancingbackfillingloaderandbackfillingscraperconveyor,whichareamongthekeyequipmentsusedin7606workingface.Thereisnodifferenceondeterminingtheshearertypeinthisbackfillingworkingfacecomparedwiththetraditionalfullymech-anizedcoalface.Butforhydraulicsupport,wehaveknownthattheroofissupportedbymechanizedself-advancingsupportscalledlongwallshields,whichformaprotectivesteelcanopyunderwhichthefaceconveyor,workers,andsheareroperate.Soexceptformeetingtheneedofcoalmining,itisalsoneededtomeetback-filldemand.Indetails,theremustbeaspaceinthebackofhydrau-licsupportforthebackfillingstructure,andthetailbeammustbeofcertainstrengthforhangingthebackfillingscraperconveyor,andtheremustbesomeadditionalstructuresforunloadingandtampingbackfillmaterial.Attheendofthetailgate,materialsaretransshippedfrombeltconveyortothebackfillingscraperconveyorbyself-advancingbackfillingloader,whichhasan‘‘H’’shapedframeandsupportsthebaseattheoverlapwhereitconnectswithbeltconveyor.Fortheimplementationoffullymechanizedbackfillingminingtechnology,weformedageneralscraperconveyorbythefollowingways:(1)settingupanadditionalflashboardcontrolledbyahydrauliccylinderjackatitsbottom,(2)openingthedischargeportatitsbottom,(3)selfhanginguponarearcanopyofhydraulicsupportwithhangingchains.Theformedscraperconveyorcanmeetsuchspecialneed.BasedontheactualsituationofXingtaiCoalMine,andthroughscienceandtechnologyresearch,thebackfillingandcoalminingequipmentmainlyinthe7606workingfaceareobtainedinpairsasfollows,MG200/466-WDHshearer,SGZ-630/220scrapercon-veyor,SGB630/150self-advancingbackfillingloader,SGB630/150formedbackfillingscraperconveyorandZC6000/20/35Gfour-postshield-typehydraulicsupport.Theequipmentlayoutinthisback-fillingandcoalminingworkingfaceisshowninFig.2[18,19].4.2.BackfillingprocessThebackfillingprocessoperatesfromtailtoheadofthebackfillminingconveyor.Somaterialsarealsotransportedalongthiswaybybackfillminingconveyor.Whenthematerialsareoffloadedfromthecurrentdischargeportpackedtoacertainheight,thefirstandsecondtampingarmssituatedbesidesthedischargeportimmediatelystartin0n.l9rge1p9to-275..-hedischargeporttheheadtotailofthebackfillminingconveyororientation,open3–5flashboardstooffloadthematerials.Tampingandoffloadingarealternatelycarriedoutatthesametimebehindhydraulicsupports.(1)Firstly,wedefineonecropasthequantityofrunningmaterialbetweeneverytwodischargeports.Tooneunloadingandtampingcourse,whenthematerialisbeingoffloaded,aboutthreeothercropsareclosetothedischargeportandbeginextendingthefirstandsecondtampingarmtopushmaterialinturns.Whenthesecondtampingarmisfullyextended,stopoperatingtheoperationvalveandretractthetampingarms.Thenslightlyswingupthearmsandfullyretractthefirsttampingarmwhentheendofthesecondtampingarmisatthebottomedgeofthebackfillingscraperconveyor.Thenappropriatelyswingupthearmsagainuntilthebottomedgeofarmisintouchwiththematerialfaceandthenfullyretractthesecondtampingarm.Careshouldbetakentoensurethatnomaterialsarebroughtbackalongwiththetampingarms.Thenswingdownthearmsandwaitforthenextoffloadingandtampingcourse.Asthematerialsaregraduallypacked,tampmechanismisautomaticallyupliftedtoacertainangelafterrecycling3–5times,whichautomaticallystopsthesecondtampingarmtoacrossfromthebottomedgetothebackfillingscraperconveyor.Thus,thefirsttampingcourseiscompletedtogetherwiththefirstandsecondtampingarms.(2)Thesecondtampingcourseiscompletedonlybythefirsttampingarm.Inthiscourse,whenmaterialisbeingoffloaded,abouttwoothercropsareclosetothedischargeportanddirectlypushthefirsttampingarmtocompactthematerialuntilthefrontmaterialhasbeenpushedcompact,retractthetampingarm,andthenrepeattheprocessagain.Afterrecycling3–5times,fullyretractthefirsttampingarmandoff-loadmaterialuntilthespaceunderthebackfillingscraperconveyorisfullyfilled,thengotonexttampingcourseafterbackfillingscraperconveyorisadvanced.(3)Thethirdtampingcoursefollowswhenthesecondtampingcoursehasfinishedintheentirebackfillingface.Atfirst,advancethebackfillminingconveyorfromtailtohead,butatthesametime,astheconveyorisadvancing,carryouttheconnectionoftheimmediateroofcoursebypushingthematerial.Thisisdonefirstlybyappropriatelyadjustingthetampingarm’sangel,andthenextendingthefirsttampingarmandlaterthesecondtampingarm.Thefrontmaterialisthenpushedtoconnecttheimmediateroofbythebackmaterialwhichisalsobeingpushedtightlybythesecondtampingarm.Iftheroofconnectionisnotcompleted,thencompleteitinthelasttampingcoursebyrepeatingtheprocess,orelse,theentirebackfillingfacetampingcourseiscompleted.(4)Theforthtampingcourseistheleakfilledsection,wherethetwotampingarmsarefullyretractedafteroffloadingabouttwoorthreecropsofmaterial,andthenextendingthetwotampingarmsagaintoconnectwiththeimmediateroof.Andatampingcourseofonehydraulicsupportiscompleted.Thenwhenallhydraulicsupportsarebackfilledwithmaterialtoacertaindensity,advancethehydraulicsupportandatampingcourseinonewebcutiscompleted.ThedetailsofunloadingandtampingcoursesareshowninFigs.4and5.Fig.4illustratesthebackfillingelevationintheworkingfaceandFig.5showsthedifferentbackfillingstatesinworkingface.（a）压实物料与直接顶相连（b）卸载孔卸载物料（c）第二压实臂推出物料5.Stratabehaviors5.1.MeasurecontentandmethodSomeliteratures(Chenetal.2010)[20]usedtheconvergenceofroofandfloorandpostloadasthecharacteristicparameterofstratabehaviorsinwastefillingconventionalsurface.Thispaperusesstressofthebackfillingbodyanddynamicsubsidencelawoftheroofasthekeyparametersforstratabehavioranalysisinfullymechanizedbackfillingandcoalminingworkingface.Thestressofbackfillingbodyisacquiredonlinebystresssensorsinstalledinthegoaf.ThedynamicsubsidencelawofroofisobtainedindirectlyfromtheobservationpointssetinflooroftheÀ210mwestroadwayuponthisface.Thestresssensorsareinstalledinthefirst,secondandthirdrowsofthegoaffilledwithbackfillingbodywhenthecoalfaceadvances15,40,65mawayfromtheinterconnection.TheinstallationconditionisshowninFig.6.TheÀ210mwestroadwayis40mawayfromtheinterconnection,and27mdirectlyabove7606workingface.Wearranged29observationpointsalongtheslopingdirectionofthefacetotimelymonitortherockmovements.The10thto20thobservationpointsareinstalledjustabove7606workingface.ThelayoutforobservationpointsisshowninFig.7[21].5.2.Resultsanddiscussionoffieldmeasurement5.2.1.BackfillingbodystressmonitoringresultsandanalysisFromthefieldmeasurements,withtheforwardadvancementofworkingface,theroofpressurebehindtheworkingfacewasatfirstsupportedbyhydraulicsupportandrib,butthengraduallytransferredtothebackfillingbody.Whenworkingfaceadvancedtothecavingdistanceofmainroof(about15m),thespeedofcavingofimmediateroofincreasedandthebackfillingbodywascompactedbyimmediateroof.Thestresssensorsinbackfillingbodystartedtosensepressureinplacesabout13–15mbehindtheworkingface.Inthesecondrow(40mawayoftheinterconnection)ofobservationpoints,themaximumstressmeasuredinback(1)Wecarriedoutthreeoperationunitsandcutwebs(eachcutwebof0.6m),andthecoalfaceadvancedforward3.6min1day.Theproductioncapacityofthisbackfillingminingfaceis283,000ton(330Â6Â0.6Â50Â2.79Â180Â0.95).Andabout282,000tonofsolidmaterialsarebackfilledinoneyear,whichmeettheneedsofhighproductionandefficiency.(2)Afterimplementingthistechnologyin7606face,115,000tonofcoalisminedsafelyandover0.82billion(unit:Yuan)isdirectlyobtained.(3)Influencedbytheminingpressure,theoverlyingstrataupon7606workingfaceexperiencedalightlysubsidenceprocess.Themaximumsubsidencequantityandspeedare231mmand15.75mm/d,respectively.Thisshowsthatthebackfillingbodycontrolsthestratamovementtoacertainextent,andthereisnolargeareaoftheroofthatappeartohavecollapsedupontheworkingface.AcknowledgmentsFinancialsupportsforthisworkprovidedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(No.51074165),theKeyProgramofNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(No.50834004)andAProjectFundedbythePriorityAcademicProgramDevelopmentofJiangsuHigherEducationInstitutions(No.SZBF2011-6-B35)aregratefullyacknowledged.References[1]YanSH,ZhangHX.StatusquooffillingminingtechnologyincoalminesofChina.CoalMiningTechnology2008;13(3).1–3,10.[2]FengGM.Researchonthesuperhigh-waterpackingmaterialandfillingminingtechnologyandtheirapplication.Xuzhou:ChinaUniversityofMining&TechnologyPress;2009.[3]FengGM,DingY,ZhuHJ,BaiJB.Experimentalresearchonasuperhigh-waterpackingmaterialformininganditsmicromorphology.JChinaUnivMinTechnol2010;39(6):813–9.[4]NingS,FengGM,NiuJC,LiJH,ZhouZ,WangCZ.Applicationofhighwatercontentandquicksettingmaterialtoultrahighrooffailingcontrolofminegateway.CoalSciTechnol2009;37(8):21–3.[5]ZhouHQ,HouCJ,SunXK,QuQD,ChenDJ.Solidwastepastefillingfornone-village-relocationcoalmining.JChinaUnivMinTechnol2004;33(2):154–8.[6]QuQD,ZhouHQ,HouCJ,GuanML.Discussiononminingtechnologywithpastebackfillinginmine.CoalSciTechnol2004;32(10).67–69,73.[7]ZhangJX,WuQ,HuangYL,ZhouYJ.Stratapressurebehaviorbyrawwastebackfillingwithfully-mechanizedcoalminingtechnology.JChinaCoalSoc2010;35(8):1–4.[8]ZhangJX,MiaoXX,GuoGL.Developmentstatusofbackfillingtechnolo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