湖南省长沙市某中学2024-2025学年高三年级上册月考（一）英语试题（解析版）

湖南师大附中2025届高三月考试卷（一）

英语

本试题卷分为听力、阅读、语言运用和写作四个部分，共10页。时量120分钟。满分150分。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到

答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题L5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.

答案是C。

1.WherewillPeterspendhisvacation?

A.Beijing.B.Paris.C.NewYork.

2.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Roommates.B.Bossandsecretary.C.Husbandandwife.

3.Whatistheman'sproblem?

A.Heneedsaride.B.Heneedsanewjob.C.Hedoesn'thaveinsurance.

4.Whatdoesthewomanimply?

A.Shedoesn'tplantocontinuestudyingnextyear.

B.Shehasalreadytoldthemanaboutherplan.

C.Sheisn'tplanningtoleaveheruniversity.

5.Whydoesthemanlikerealisticart?

A.Itmakeshimrelaxed.B.It'seasytounderstand.C.Itinspiresimagination.

第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中

选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各

小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.Whatdoesthewomanlikeaboutthenewdesign?

第1页/共23页

A.Theredwalls.B.Thenewpiano.C.Thenewfloor.

7.Whatdoesthemanwanttodoattheend?

A.Haveameal.B.Repairthepiano.C.Listentolivemusic.

听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

8.Whatisthewomandissatisfiedwith?

A.Thelivingroom.B.Thebedroom.C.Thekitchen.

9.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthelivingroom?

A.Newandmodern.B.Smallbutwell-furnished.C.Bigandbright.

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10.WhydoesJackfeelexcitedaboutthelecture?

A.He'llgetabookforfree.

B.HeisinterestedintheSouthPole.

C.Headmirestheexplorerverymuch.

11.Wherewillthespeakersmeet?

A.Attheschoolgate.B.Nearthestation.C.Inthelecturehall.

12.HowwillJackgettoMandy?sschool?

A.Bybus.B.Bysubway.C.Bybike.

听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

13.Whatwillthewomandoonthecomputer?

A.Searchforanarticle.B.Dealwithsomework.C.Purchasenewspapers.

14.WhatdoweknowaboutMax?

A.Hehasmixedfeelingsnow.B.Heisadmittedtoacollege.C.Heisafraidofleavinghome.

15.WhatisRoxanneWhite?

A.AconsultantsB.Aprofessor.C.Ajournalist.

16WhatwillMaxdo?

A.Givealecture.B.Visitauniversity.C.MeetRoxanneWhite.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.WhathappenedtoClairewhenshewassixyearsold?

A.Hermotherlefther.B.Shelostherfather.C.Shelivedwithheraunt.

18.WhatdidClairehavetodoat8?

第2页/共23页

A.Workonthefarm.B.Makemealsforthefamily.C.Gotoschoolearly.

19.HowdidClairecompleteherhighschool?

A.Bylearningfromfarmers.B.Byteachingherself.C.Bygoingtonightschool.

20.HowwasClaire?schildhood?

A.Happy.B.Tough.C.Carefree.

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Volunteeringhaschangedoverthesepastfewyearsandvirtualvolunteeringishereforyoutotry!Findyour

perfectremoteopportunitybybecomingaSenseVirtualBuddyingvolunteer.

TheRoleofaVirtualBuddy

SenseVirtualBuddyingmatchesvolunteerswithdisabledpeoplewhohavesimilarintereststoensureyou'll

havelotsoffuntogether.Oncematchedwithabuddy,youwillgettoknoweachotherremotelythroughvideocalls,

phonecalls,texting,emailsorletters.You'llarrangeweeklysessionsandplanfunthingstodotogether.Youcould

beplayinggames,doingartsandcrafts,playingmusic,planting-therearesomanypossibilities!Wewillprovide

youwithweeklythemedactivitiestohelptosupportyouinplanningyourinteractionswithyourbuddy.

WhatWeCanOfferYou

Beforeyoustartyourvolunteeringrole,we'llmakesurethatyou'vehadthetrainingyouneedtofeelconfident.

Thiswillbedeliveredonlineandthroughvideocalls.Whileyou'revolunteeringwithusasavirtualbuddy,you'll

alsogetawrittenaccountofyourvolunteeringandreferences（ifrequired）,reimbursement（报销）ofpre-agreed

expenses（upto£25）,andgreatopportunitiestodevelopnewskillsandgettoknownewpeoplewhilemakingareal

differencetoaperson'slife.

WhoWeAreLookingfor

Itisessentialthatvolunteersshouldbegoodatexpressingtheirideasandfeelingsandpassionateaboutassisting

peoplewithcomplexdisabilitiestofitinwiththeworld.AndvolunteerswhohaveknowledgeorexperienceofBritish

SignLanguagewillbeprioritized.Youdon'tneedtohavepreviousexperienceofvolunteeringornursingdisabled

people.

Ifyouhaveanyquestionsregardingtheroleorwouldlikesomemoreinformation,pleasecontactthe

volunteeringteamatvolunteer@

1.Whatisavirtualbuddyexpectedtodo?

第3页/共23页

A.Evaluateweeklythemedactivities.B.Tendthedisabledinpersoneveryweek.

C.Matchbuddiesbasedonsimilarinterests.D.Interactwithamatchedbuddyvirtually.

2.WhatcanSenseVirtualBuddyingprovidefortheirvolunteers?

A.Freeface-to-facejobtraining.B.Achancetomeetthesponsors.

C.Awrittenrecordofvolunteering.D.Reimbursementoftravelexpenses.

3.Whichofthefollowingisamust-havequalificationtobeavirtualbuddy?

A.Masteringaforeignsignlanguage.B.Beingcommunicativeandhelpful.

C.Possessingpriorvolunteeringexperience.D.Havingagoodgraspofnursingthedisabled.

【答案】l.D2.C3.B

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍的是如何成为一个SenseVirtualBuddying的志愿者，并介绍了

作为一名志愿者的职责、待遇和资格要求。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据TheRoleofaVirtualBuddy部分中的"Oncematchedwithabuddy,youwillgettoknow

eachotherremotelythroughvideocalls,phonecalls,texting,emailsorletters.You'llarrangeweeklysessionsand

planfunthingstodotogether.Youcouldbeplayinggames,doingartsandcrafts,playingmusic,planting——there

aresomanypossibilities!（一旦与朋友配对，你就可以通过视频通话、电话、短信、电子邮件或信件远程认

识对方。你将安排每周的会议，一起计划有趣的事情。你可以玩游戏，做艺术和手工艺，演奏音乐，种植

——有很多的可能性！）”可知，一个虚拟的朋友应当与配对成功的朋友进行虚拟的远程互动，故选D

项。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据WhatWeCanOfferYou部分中的"Whileyou'revolunteeringwithusasavirtualbuddy,

you'llalsogetawrittenaccountofyourvolunteeringandreferences（ifrequired）,reimbursement（报销）ofpre­

agreedexpenses（upto£25）,andgreatopportunitiestodevelopnewskillsandgettoknownewpeoplewhile

makingarealdifferencetoaperson'slife.（当你志愿与我们作为一个虚拟的朋友，你也会得到一个书面记述

的志愿服务和参考（如果需要），报销提前同意的费用（最高25英镑），和良好的机会来发展新技能和了

解新的人，同时能真正改变一个人的生活）”可知，一个志愿活动的书面记录将会被提供给志愿者。故选C

项。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据WhoWeAreLookingfor部分中的“Itisessentialthatvolunteersshouldbegoodat

expressingtheirideasandfeelingsandpassionateaboutassistingpeoplewithcomplexdisabilitiestofitinwiththe

第4页/共23页

world.(志愿者必须善于表达自己的想法和感受，并对帮助有复杂残疾的人融入世界充满热情。)”可知，

成为虚拟好友的必要条件是志愿者要有良好的沟通能力和乐于助人。故选B项。

B

KatalinKarikoalongwithhercolleagueDrewWeissmanwontheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinein

2023forthedevelopmentofmessengerRNA(mRNA)technology.

KarikowasborninJanuary1955,inasmallvillageinHungary.Shehadanambitionfromearlyontobecome

ascientist.Asayoungadult,shebecameinterestedinmRNA,whichcarriesDNAinstructionstotheprotein-making

engineofcells.ShehopedthatmRNAcouldplayakeyroleinthetreatmentofvariousdiseases.Itbecameher

missiontomakeherdreamarealitytohelpcurepatients.However,Karikofacedashortageofmoneyforherresearch

inhercountry,andshethenfacedthechoiceofstoppinganddoingsomethingnotconnectedtohermissionor

continuingherresearchatthepriceofhavingtoleavehercountry.

Aftersearchingforpostsandscholarshipsworldwide,KarikoacceptedanofferfromTempleUniversityin

Philadelphiaforapostdoctoralfellowship.Karikoandherhusbandgaveupeverythingtheyhadintheirhomeland

andboughtaone-waytickettotheU.S.,wheretheyknewnoone.Shewasawareoftherisksbutdidn'tfeel

discouraged.Assheputitinanawardacceptancespeech,'"Followyourdreamsanddon'thesitatetolearnanything

fromanyone.

Shewasinitiallyontracktobecomeafullprofessorbutreceivedrepeatedfundrejections.Undeterredbythe

problemsandchallenges,shechosetocontinueherresearch.Byfocusingonwhatmatteredtohereveryday,she

“accidentally“metherworkpartnerDrewWeissmanwhowasalsointerestedinmRNA.Theyteameduptoworkon

mRNAandpublishedpapersabouttheirgroundbreakingdiscoveryforyears.Thenthepandemichittheworld.The

changedmRNAtechnologyKarikoandWeissmaninventedwasthenusedinvaccinesthatpreventedtheinfection

effectively.

Kariko^lifeisatestamenttofindingone'spassionandthenpursuingiteverysingleday.Manyofusknow

whatwearefondof,butwearenotgoodself-motivatorsonadailybasis.

4.WhatcanwelearnaboutKarikofromparagraph2?

A.Shehadaclearsenseofpurpose.B.Shewaspoorwhenshewasyoung.

C.Shewashesitanttoleavehercountry.D.Shelongedtobeadoctortocurepatients.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“Undeterredby“inparagraph4probablymean?

A.Beingafraidof.B.Notmotivatedby.

C.Beingunawareof.D.Notdiscouragedby.

6.WhatisprobablythemaincontributionofKariko?

第5页/共23页

A.SimplifyingthemRNAtechnology.B.MakingthestructureofmRNAclear.

C.LayingthefoundationformRNAvaccines.D.Developingavaccineforaseriousdisease.

7.WhatcanwelearnfromKarik6'ssuccess?

A.Everyminutecounts.B.Twoheadsarebetterthanone.

C.Wherethere'sawill,there'saway.D.Necessityisthemotherofinvention.

【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.C

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了科学家KatalinKariku的个人经历以及对梦想不懈追求，最终

取得成功。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段"Shehadanambitionfromearlyontobecomeascientist.Asayoungadult,she

becameinterestedinmRNA,whichcarriesDNAinstructionstotheprotein-makingengineofcells.Shehopedthat

mRNAcouldplayakeyroleinthetreatmentofvariousdiseases.Itbecamehermissiontomakeherdreamareality

tohelpcurepatients.（她从小就立志要成为一名科学家。作为一个年轻的成年人，她开始对mRNA感兴趣，

它携带DNA指令到细胞的蛋白质制造引擎。她希望mRNA能够在各种疾病的治疗中发挥关键作用。帮助

治愈病人成为了她的使命。）”可知，卡里库有明确的目标感。故选A。

【5题详解】

词句猜测题。根据划线词上文"Shewasinitiallyontracktobecomeafullprofessorbutreceivedrepeatedfund

rejections.（她最初有望成为一名正教授，但一再遭到基金拒绝。）"以及后文"theproblemsandchallenges,

shechosetocontinueherresearch”可知，她一再被基金拒绝，但是没有因为问题和挑战而气馁，选择继续

她的研究。故划线词意思是“不气馁”。故选D。

【6题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段"TheyteameduptoworkonmRNAandpublishedpapersabouttheir

groundbreakingdiscoveryforyears.Thenthepandemichittheworld.ThechangedmRNAtechnologyKarikoand

Weissmaninventedwasthenusedinvaccinesthatpreventedtheinfectioneffectively.（他们合作研究mRNA,并

发表了多年关于这一突破性发现的论文。然后，大流行袭击了世界。Kariku和Weissman发明的改变后的

mRNA技术随后被用于有效预防感染的疫苗。）”可知，卡里库的主要贡献是为mRNA疫苗奠定基础。故

选C。

【7题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段"Karik6'slifeisatestamenttofindingone'spassionandthenpursuingitevery

singleday.Manyofusknowwhatwearefondof,butwearenotgoodself-motivatorsonadailybasis.（卡里库的

第6页/共23页

一生证明了找到自己的激情，然后每一天都在追求它。我们中的许多人都知道自己喜欢什么，但在日常生

活中，我们并不善于自我激励。)”可知，卡里库的成功告诉我们有志者，事竟成。故选C。

C

Researchershavedesignedahand-helddevicethatcancaptureandchangewatermoleculesfromtheairinto

drinkablewaterusingonlysurroundingsunlightasitsenergysource.

Thisatmosphericwaterharvesterusedamaterial,knownasametal-organicframework(MOF).Itcancapture

waterrepeatedlyinthehottestanddriestplaceinNorthAmerica,DeathValleyNationalPark.Thetestsshowedthe

devicecouldprovidecleanwateranywhere,addressinganurgentproblem,asclimatechangespeedsupdrought

conditions.

“Almostone-thirdoftheworld'spopulationlivesinwater-stressedareas.TheUNpredictsthatalmost5billion

peopleonourplanetwillexperiencesomekindofwaterstressforasignificantpartoftheyear2050,“saidOmar

Yaghi.HeistheBerkeleychemistryprofessorwhoinventedMOFsandisleadingthisstudy.ctThisisquiterelevant

totakingadvantageofanewsourceforwater.99

Otherkindsofmaterials,suchassaltsorhydrogels,cannotoperateinextremeweatherconditions,inanenergy­

efficientmannerandwithahighcapacityallatonce.ThenewMOF-poweredharvesterscanbeanexceptionally

powerfultooltoaddresswatershortageissuesrelatedtoanythingfromdrinkingwatertoagriculture.Thistechnology

canalsobeusedtosecurepurewaterinareaswherewaterisplentifulbutnotclean.

It'salsoextremelyefficientatharvestingwater,releasingasdrinkingwater85to90percentofthewaterit

capturesasatmosphericvapor.Itharvestedupto285gramsofwaterperkilogramofthemetal-organicframework

inaday,theamountofacupofwater.It'salsosmallerthantheearliertypebutitisevenmoreenergy-efficient.It

produced200gramsofcleanwaterpersquaremeterofwatervapor,morethanthreetimesthewaterproductivity

rateoftheearliertype.

Therewilllikelybefurtherdevelopmentsinefficiencyandsizeforthisdevice.Yaghisaidhecouldseeoneday

thewidespreadadoptionofhousehold-basedMOF-poweredwaterharvesters,andcommunity-scalewaterharvesters

withthehelpofdatascienceandmachinelearning.Thosecouldbeinkitchensorevennexttoairconditionersto

supplyhomeswithcleanwaterforcookingandcleaning.Somecompaniesarealreadyworkingonthis,hesaid.

8.Whatcanwesayaboutthenewhand-helddevice?

A.Ithelpsimproveairquality.

B.Itmaysolvewaterpollution.

C.Itcanrunwithoutadditionalpowersources.

D.Itisonlysuitableinthedriestandhottestareas.

第7页/共23页

9.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhethirdparagraph?

A.Tohighlightthefactofwatershortage.

B.Toshowthenecessityoftheharvester.

C.Toadvocaterelievingeffortsinwater-stressedareas.

D.Towarnagainsttheharmcausedbyclimatechange.

10.HowmuchwatercanwegetusingaharvesterwithtwokilogramsoftheMOFdaily?

A.About400grams.B.About485grams.

C.About570grams.D.About360grams.

11.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheMOF-poweredharvestermayYaghiagreewith?

A.Itwillhavehugemarketpotential.B.Itwillfunctionbestinthekitchen.

C.Itwillbemuchcheaperinthefuture.D.Itwillhelppromotemachinelearning

【答案】8.C9.B10.C11.A

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员设计的一款利用太阳能驱动的手持水分子收集器。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第——段uResearchershavedesignedahand-helddevicethatcancaptureandchangewater

moleculesfromtheairintodrinkablewaterusingonlysurroundingsunlightasitsenergysource.（研究人员设计了

一种手持设备，可以捕获空气中的水分子，并将其转化为可饮用的水，仅使用周围的阳光作为能量来

源。）”可知，研究人员设计的手持设备，可以收集水分子，并且利用太阳能驱动，不需要额外的电源来运

行。故选C。

【9题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第三段""Almostone-thirdoftheworld'spopulationlivesinwater-stressedareas.The

UNpredictsthatalmost5billionpeopleonourplanetwillexperiencesomekindofwaterstressforasignificant

partoftheyear2050,"saidOmarYaghi.HeistheBerkeleychemistryprofessorwhoinventedMOFsandisleading

thisstudy.'"Thisisquiterelevanttotakingadvantageofanewsourceforwater.%”世界上近三分之一的人口生

活在缺水地区。联合国预测，在2050年的大部分时间里，地球上近50亿人将面临某种形式的水资源压

力。"OmarYaghi说道。他是伯克利大学的化学教授，发明了MOFs,并领导了这项研究。”这与利用新

的水源非常相关。”）可知，本段介绍未来水资源紧张的问题，因此推断是为了表明这种收集器的必要性。

故选B。

【10题详解】

细节理解题。根据第五段中的"Itharvestedupto285gramsofwaterperkilogramofthemetal-organic

第8页/共23页

frameworkinaday,theamountofacupofwater.（它在一天内每公斤金属有机框架收获285克水，相当于一

杯水的量。）”可知，该装置在收集水方面非常有效，它在一天内每公斤金属有机框架获得285克水，因

此，两公斤金属有机框架一天可收获570克水。故选C。

【11题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章最后——段“Yaghisaidhecouldseeonedaythewidespreadadoptionofhousehold-based

MOF-poweredwaterharvesters,andcommunity-scalewaterharvesterswiththehelpofdatascienceandmachine

learning.Thosecouldbeinkitchensorevennexttoairconditionerstosupplyhomeswithcleanwaterforcooking

andcleaning.Somecompaniesarealreadyworkingonthis,hesaid.（Yaghi表示，他能够预见有一天基于MOF

技术的家庭用水收集器将得到广泛应用，并且在数据科学和机器学习的帮助下，还将有社区规模的水收集

器。这些设备可以安装在厨房里，甚至是在空调旁边，为家庭提供用于烹饪和清洁的干净水源。他说，一

些公司已经在致力于这方面的工作。）”可推知，Yaghi认为该装置有一个巨大的市场潜力。故选A。

D

Poweroftenboostsanemployee'screativitybecausebeingpowerfulliberatestheindividualfromrestrictions.

However,newresearchshowsthatemployeeswhoarenotinpositionsofpowercanbecomemorecreativewhen

giventimeto“warmup“byengaginginthecreativetasksmorethanonce.

“Thisisimportantbecausewhenpeoplewithmorepowerareabletoexpresstheircreativeideasmorethanthose

withlesspower,itleadstorich-get-richerdynamicsthatstrengthenthesepowerimbalances,saidBrianLucas,an

assistantprofessoratCornellUniversity."'Understandingwaystoboostthecreativityoflower-powerworkerscan

helpthemfindtherightwaytodealwiththislow-powerdisadvantage,Lucassaid.

Lucasandhiscolleaguesconductedthreestudiestoreachtheirconclusion.Inthefirststudy,theydividedthe

creativeideagenerationsessionintotworounds:aone-minute"warm-up"followedbyasecondroundinwhichthe

participantscouldtakeaslongastheywanted.Participantswererandomlyassignedtoahigh-powerconditionora

low-powercondition,andfeelingsofpowerweregeneratedwitharolemanipulation（操纵）whereparticipantswere

givenaleadershiprolewithcontroloverresources（highpower）oranemployeerolewithnocontroloverresources

（lowpower）.Thestudyfoundthathigh-powerindividualsweremorecreativethanlow-powerindividualsinthe

warm-upround.Therewasnodifference,though,increativityinthesecondround.

Inthesecondstudy,theresearchersgavethemadifferentcreativetaskandincreasedthenumberofroundsfrom

twotofive,participantstakingaslongastheyliketocompletethetask.Consistentwiththefirststudy,thestudy

foundthathigh-powerindividualsweremorecreativethanlow-powerindividualsinthefirstround.Butthecreativity

oflow-powerindividualscaughtupwiththecreativityofthehigh-powerindividualsafterthefirstround.Resultsof

thethirdstudydemonstratedthatadifferentcreativitytaskcanalsowarmuplow-powerpeopleforanunrelated

第9页/共23页

creativitytask.

“Giventhehighvalueofcreativeideasfororganizations,itisvitaltodevelopapproachesthatempowerall

employeestotaptheircreativepotential,9,Lucassaid.t6Thelow-powerwarm-upeffectsuggestsasimpleintervention

thatempowersallemployeestotaptheircreativepotentialandovercomespowerimbalancesintheworkplace:when

pursuingcreativework,letemployeeswarmupfirst.^^

12WhydoesLucasthinkitimportanttoboostthecreativityoflower-powerworkers?

A.Itmaintainspowerimbalances.

B.Itmotivatestheirambitiontocatchup.

C.Itcreatesacompetitiveworkenvironment.

D.Itencouragesaworkplacewithmoreequality.

13.HowdidLucasandhisco-authorsstimulatefeelingsofpowerintheparticipants?

A.Throughacreativetaskwithtimelimits.

B.Throughprovidingthemwithdifferentpositions.

C.Throughacompetitionbetweenleadersandemployees.

D.Throughassigningthemtodifferentconditionsintentionally.

14.Whatcandescribetherelationshipbetweenpowerandcreativityaccordingtothestudies?

A.Ifsfixed.B.It'sdynamic.

C.Ifsunpredictable.D.It'sirrelevant.

15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Higherpowercontributestomorecreativity

B.Changingtasksboostsalltheemployees5creativity

C.”Warm-uptime“bridgescreativityimbalances

D.Low-powerindividualsoutperformthehigh-powerones

【答案】12.D13.B14.B15.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍新的研究表明，没有权力的员工在多次参与创造性任务后，也能提

高创造力。研究还发现，让员工先“热身”可以克服职场中的权力不平衡，激发所有员工的创造力。

【12题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段中Lucas的话“Thisisimportantbecausewhenpeoplewithmorepowerareableto

expresstheircreativeideasmorethanthosewithlesspower,itleadstorich-get-richerdynamicsthatstrengthen

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thesepowerimbalances（这一点很重要，因为当拥有更多权力的人能够比那些权力较小的人更多地表达他们

的创造性想法时，就会导致富人更富的动态，从而加剧这种权力不平衡）"和"Understandingwaystoboost

thecreativityoflower-powerworkerscanhelpthemfindtherightwaytodealwiththislow-powerdisadvantage

（了解如何提高低权力员工的创造力，可以帮助他们找到应对这种低权力劣势的正确方法）”可推知，卢卡

斯认为提高低权力员工的创造力可以帮助他们应对这种低权力的劣势，即有助于找到应对权力不平衡的正

确方法，从而鼓励一个更加平等的工作场所。故选D项。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段中“Participantswererandomlyassignedtoahigh-powerconditionoralow-power

condition,andfeelingsofpowerweregeneratedwitharolemanipulationwhereparticipantsweregivena

leadershiprolewithcontroloverresources（highpower）oranemployeerolewithnocontroloverresources（low

power）.（参与者被随机分配到高权力环境或低权力环境中，并通过角色操纵产生权力感，在那里参与者被

赋予控制资源的领导角色（高权力）或不控制资源的员工角色（低权力）。）”可知，在第一项研究中，通过给

参与者分配不同的角色，让他们在不同的条件下工作，从而感受到权力，因此参与者的权力感是通过给予

不同的角色（leadership或employeerole）来产生的。故选B项。

【14题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段中"Thestudyfoundthathigh-powerindividualsweremorecreativethanlow-power

individualsinthewarm-upround.Therewasnodifference,though,increativityinthesecondround.（研究发现，

在热身赛中，权力大的人比权力小的人更有创造力。不过，在第二轮比赛中，创造力没有差异）”和第四段

中uConsistentwiththefirststudy,thestudyfoundthathigh-powerindividualsweremorecreativethanlow-

powerindividualsinthefirstround.Butthecreativityoflow-powerindividualscaughtupwiththecreativityofthe

high-powerindividualsafterthefirstround.（与第一项研究一致，研究发现，在第一轮比赛中，权力大的人比

权力小的人更有创造力。但在第一轮之后，权力小的人的创造力赶上了权力大的人）”可知，在第一轮比赛

中，权力大的人比权力小的人更有创造力，但在第一轮之后，权力小的人的创造力赶上了权力大的人，说

明权力和创造力的关系是动态的。故选B项。

【15题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第一段uHowever,newresearchshowsthatemployeeswhoarenotinpositionsofpowercan

becomemorecreativewhengiventimeto“warmup“byengaginginthecreativetasksmorethanonce.（然而,新

的研究表明，如果给那些没有权力的员工时间，通过多次参与创造性任务来“热身”，他们会变得更有创

造力。）”及全文可知，文章主要介绍研究发现，一般情况下，职位高的员工比职位低的员工更具有创造

力，但是热身环节可以激发职位低的员工的创造力，从而创造一个更加公平的工作环境，所以选择项

C“‘热身时间'弥补了创造力的不平衡”作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。

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第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选

项。

BasedonhisownresearchatWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louisandotherscientificstudies,psychologylecturer

Bonooffersthefollowingtipsforgettingandstayinghappierinyourlife.

16Lookingforwardtoanenjoyableexperiencecanmakeitallthatmuchsweeter.Waitacoupleof

daysbeforeseeinganewmoviethatjustcameout,planyourbigvacationforlaterinthesummer,andtrytotake

timetoenjoyeachbiteofdessert.Ontheopposite,getnegativetasksoutofthewayasquicklyaspossible——any

delaywillonlymakethemseemworse.

Peoplewhofocusmoreonprocessthanoutcometendtoremainmotivatedinthefaceofsetbacks.They'rebetter

atstickingwithmajorchallengesandpreferthemovertheeasyroute.17Becauseitcelebratesrewardsthat

comefromtheworkitself.Focusingonlyontheoutcomecanleadtoprematureburnoutifthingsdon'tgowell.

18Findanactivitythatallowsyoutogettogetherwithfriendsonaregular,ongoingbasis.Aweekly

happyhour,pokernight,orTVshowensuresconsistencyandmotivationinyoursocialinteractions.Peoplewith

high-qualityrelationshipsarenotonlyhappier,butalsohealthier.19

Thenexttimeyouareattractedtouseyourphonetolookthroughsocialmedia,lookthroughyourlistofcontacts

instead.20Thehappinessyougetfromarealconnectionwithanotherpersonwillbefargreaterthanany

commentsorlikesyougetonsocialmedia.

A.Anticipationitselfispleasurable.

B.Decreaseunnecessarysocializing.

C.FindsomeonetocallorFaceTime.

D.This“growthmindset“helpspeoplestayenergized.

E.FacebookandInstagramoftenoverstatehowmuchbetteroffothersare.

F.Nothingismoreimportantforourpsychologicalhealththanhigh-qualityfriendships.

G.Theyrecoverfromillnessesmorequickly,livelonger,andenjoymoreenrichedlives.

【答案】16.A17.D18.F19.G20.C

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文，如何在生活中变得更加快乐、如何保持更加快乐。大学心理学讲师根据自己的研

究提出了四条建议。

【16题详解】

I艮据下文uLookingforwardtoanenjoyableexperiencecanmakeitallthatmuchsweeter.Waitacoupleofdays

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beforeseeinganewmoviethatjustcameout,planyourbigvacationforlaterinthesummer,andtrytotaketimeto

enjoyeachbiteofdessert.（期待一次愉快的经历会让一切变得更加甜蜜。等上几天再去看一部刚上映的新电

影，计划一下你夏天晚些时候的大假期，试着花时间享受每一口甜点）”可知，本段主要是说对未来美好的

期待会使这段经历更加甜美，A项“期待本身是令人愉快的”符合语境，故选A。

【17题详解】

根据上文uPeoplewhofocusmoreonprocessth