高考英语一轮专项复习知识清单（练案）-阅读理解之主旨大意题（原卷版和解析版）

高考一轮复习知识清单

阅读理解之主旨大意题（练案）原卷版

（高考考情+思维导图+真题演练+名校模拟）

目录

一、阅读理解主旨大意题高考考情............................................P.1

二、阅读理解主旨大意题思维导图............................................P2

三、阅读理解主旨大意题真题演练2篇......................................................................................P3

四、阅读理解主旨大意题名校模拟16篇......................................P5

【名校模拟一：段落大意题】.............................................P5

【名校模拟二：文章大意题】.............................................P8

【名校模拟三：记叙文标题概括题］.....................................P.12

【名校模拟四：说明文标题概括题］.....................................P.15

【名校模拟五：议论文标题概括题］.....................................P.20

【名校模拟四：新闻报道标题概括题］..................................P.22

一、阅读理解主旨大意题高考考情

2022-2024高考阅读理解考点统计

卷别细节理解题主旨大意题主旨大意题主旨大意题

2024新课标I卷9141

2024新课标II卷9141

2023新课标I卷6171

2023新课标II卷6171

2022新课标I卷8241

2022新课标11卷8241

2024全国甲卷7161

2023全国甲卷8151

2023全国乙卷5181

2022全国甲卷8133

2022全国乙卷10131

二、阅读理解主旨大意题思维导图

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

、二.2.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?

常见*J■方式」3.What'sthemainideaofthetext?

।4.Thet»ainideaofthesecondparagraphisprobablythat

h汤藻性强.范盖全文“

2.确定的范朋恰当，隰不太大,也不太小。

3.精编性强,不会改变诒言表意的程度及色彩.

“蟾考生：永近把主R大意蓬放在最后健.

因为读完全文才能把握文章主题，所以在解答此类税目时，考生不要急于去

解裳残知

找答案.不论它出现在什么位置都把它作为最后一道霆来做.

在做充另外几遒强目后，无疑会方助于考生加湿对整笈文章的理解.

通过文童阅读和其他箱目的解答,确定

文堂的主思词，

r（第一步文童通常困绕主段词展开，主口翻的正

瑞答案当然要包括文量主般词或主题词

的同义改写词.

1.苒段或首句开门见山指出

中心或讨论的问题.

2.文章中间或段落中间给出

中心I

「主题句的四种位置*一3.文章末段或段落末句对全

文进行总结归纳，

4.文宣或殴落中不朗确给出

中心，考生要横掘各段中心或

各句的内容进行总结.自己

推出主R；

L举例子的句子不是主舞句，前后句可能是主题句.

主2.问句不是主爱句.©答句可能是主整句.

题3.首段转折处簿为文章的主短句.

句4.主金句常包含文章的主意词.

的5.支JS句常包含主次之分的表达（AratherthanB等）.

村6.主整句常包含时间提示词（“cently.today等）.

征7.定义型的句子（becalledas,beknownas,is等）.

8.就调型的句？（stress.£。的8等）・

9.总结型的句子（rsearchindicates等）.

根雷文章的主速词和主髭句，概括文童主旨，

并与选项进行比对必定正纲答案.

第三步总糖文童的主XA如果文景全文祁没有明造的主疑句，那么主题

思理要通过各段的主要内容进行归纳.这时要

首重阅读各段的青尾句进行总结归纳.

中心句法：根纲文章中心句.提炼工意词充当文章标题

1=1：当文章的写作对象特点较多时，索用写作对象的名

方法6称充当文章的苣目

1*1=1：将文章的写作对象和其主要特点、意义或彰响

1.归纳

文量标般,整合充当文章的逆目

微括性：埼象、准确,篇短，常用一个姆电或一句话

.特良®制对慢：标题外延桧当,与文童内容相符,越免以偏概全

M目性：就辣俞桂，激发读石的阅读兴理

偃助段落主意句归纳常见位舌普，

首段（新闻报道、

但助文登主©常见位置9议论文,说明文）

2.概括文章/段落大整段四纲eMJLfgg大段（记叙文、议

I.文）

抵住文中出现级率较高的主跳词.

借的主・伺购nne嚣著算唉：哪层

三、阅读理解主旨大意题真题演练

【真题演练01】【2023浙江首考】AccordingtotheSolarEnergyIndustryAssociation,thenumberofsolarpanels

installed（安装）hasgrownrapidlyinthepastdecade,andithastogrowevenfastertomeetclimategoals.Butall

ofthatgrowthwilltakeupalotofspace,andthoughmoreandmorepeopleaccepttheconceptofsolarenergy,

fewlikelargesolarpanelstobeinstallednearthem.

Solardeveloperswanttoputuppanelsasquicklyandcheaplyaspossible,sotheyhaven'tgivenmuch

thoughttowhattheyputunderthem.Often,they911endupfillingtheareawithsmallstonesandusingchemicals

tocontrolweeds.Theresultisthatmanycommunities,especiallyinfarmingregions,seesolarfarmsasdestroyers

ofthesoil.

“Solarprojectsneedtobegoodneighbors,9,saysJordanMacknick,theheadoftheInnovativeSite

PreparationandImpactReductionsontheEnvironment（InSPIRE）project.""Theyneedtobeprotectorsoftheland

andcontributetotheagriculturaleconomy.^^InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto"low-impact“solar

development,whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.Oneof

theeasiestlow-impactsolarstrategiesisprovidinghabitatforpollinators（传粉昆虫）.

Habitatloss,pesticideuse,andclimatechangehavecauseddramaticdeclinesinpollinatorpopulationsover

thepastcoupleofdecades,whichhasdamagedtheU.S.agriculturaleconomy.Over28stateshavepassedlaws

relatedtopollinatorhabitatprotectionandpesticideuse.Conservationorganizationsputoutpollinator-friendliness

guidelinesforhomegardens,businesses,schools,cities-andnowthereareguidelinesforsolarfarms.

Overthepastfewyears,manysolarfarmdevelopershavetransformedthespaceundertheirsolarpanelsinto

ashelterfbrvariouskindsofpollinators,resultinginsoilimprovementandcarbonreduction."These

pollinator-friendlysolarfarmscanhaveavaluableimpactoneverythingthafsgoingoninthelandscape,9,says

Macknick.

32.Whatdosolardevelopersoftenignore?

A.Thedeclineinthedemandforsolarenergy.

B.Thenegativeimpactofinstallingsolarpanels.

C.Therisinglaborcostofbuildingsolarfarms.

D.Themostrecentadvancesinsolartechnology.

33.WhatdoesInSPIREaimtodo?

A.Improvetheproductivityoflocalfarms.

B.Inventnewmethodsforcontrollingweeds.

C.Makesolarprojectsenvironmentallyfriendly.

D.Promotetheuseofsolarenergyinruralareas.

34.Whatisthepurposeofthelawsmentionedinparagraph4?

A.Toconservepollinators.B.Torestrictsolardevelopment.

C.Todiversifytheeconomy.D.Toensurethesupplyofenergy.

35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitlefbrthetext?

A.Pollinators:ToLeaveortoStayB.SolarEnergy:HopefbrtheFuture

C.InSPIRE:ALeaderinAgricultureD.SolarFarms:ANewDevelopment

【真题演练02]（2022新高考I卷D篇）

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon"m"and"a"totherareclicksof

somesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,

five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalf

theworld'slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas"f'

and"v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.Nowateamofresearchersledby

DamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned（对齐），makingit

hardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjaws

changedtoanoverbitestructure（结构），makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.

TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithic

period.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn'thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn'tgrow

tobesolarge.

Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworld

languagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof"f'andt6v,5increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousand

years.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeings

evolvedaround300,000yearsago."Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincethe

appearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofa

complexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution/9saidStevenMoran,amemberofthe

researchteam.

32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamianBlasi'sresearchfocuson?

A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.

33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?

A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.

B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.

C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.

D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.

34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.

B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.

C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.

D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.

35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?

A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.

B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.

C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.

D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.

四、阅读理解主旨大意题名校模拟

【名校模拟一：段落大意题】

（2024-四川乐山•三模）Anotheryearofrecordfossilfuelburningleadingtorecordhighglobal

temperatures.Timeisrunningouttosolvetheclimatecrisis,andgreatdisasterscomenearus.You'reprobably

usedtosuchheadlines,andyoumayhavemomentsofhopelessnessaboutthefuture.Butcanyouturnsuchgloom

（灰暗）messagingofclimatecrisisintomeaningfulchange?Ourrecentglobalstudysaysyes-butthemessages

mustbeusedwisely.

In2019,inhisbook,DavidWallace-Wellspaintedaterrifyinglandscapeofthesufferingawaitingusifwe

don'taddressclimatechange,leavingmanyfeelingconsumedbyfearandhelplessness.Noteveryoneisafanof

hisgloommessaging.ClimatescientistslikeMichaelMannhavewarnedagainstit,messagingthatitcandepress

anddiscouragethepublic,andleadtofurtherclimateinaction.AndthetitleofanewbookbyHannahRitchie

statesclearlythatifsNottheEndoftheWorld:HowWeCanBetheFirstGenerationtoBuildaSustainable

Planet.

Tohelpfigureoutthepreciseimpactofclimategloommessaging,werecentlycompletedalarge

experiment.Ourfindingsrevealedthatgloommessagingwashighlyeffectiveforstimulatingclimatechange

informationsharing,likepostingontheInternetorsocialmedia.Wallace-Wellswasrightinthisaspect.ButMann

andRitchiewerealsoright.Hearingthesemessagesactuallydecreasedpeople'spositivebehaviorsagainst

environmentalpollution-whenfacedwiththeenormousmessagesoftheclimatecrisis,individual-levelactions

mightseemfutile（徒劳的）.Sogloommessagingcandoboththings:causehelplessness,discouraging

individual-levelaction;butalsomotivatepeopletospreadtheword.

Ourresearchalsofoundseveralothermessagesthatmovedtheneedleonclimatechangebeliefsand

actions.Thissuggeststhatunderstandinghowdifferentmessageswork,andinwhatcontexts,willbecriticalto

changingbeliefs,spreadingtheword,andmotivatingaction.

1.Whatmessagedoesgloommessagingintendtodeliver?

A.Theunstoppabletendencytodisasters.

B.Disastrouseffectsofburningfossilfuels.

C.Theurgencytodealwithclimatecrisis.

D.Confidenceinenvironmentalprotection.

2.WhydosomeclimatescientistsdisagreewithWallace-Wells5view?

A.Becausetheydon'tbelievethereissevereclimatecrisis.

B.Becausetheyfearitwillleadtomoreenvironmentalpollution.

C.Becausetheyplantobuildanewworldinanotherplanet.

D.Becausetheyworryitmakespeoplegiveupclimateactions.

3.Howdoesgloommessagingaffectthepublicaccordingtoparagraph3?

A.Itencouragespeopletofightagainstclimatechange.

B.Itincreasespeople'sawarenessofclimatecrisis.

C.Ithasnoimpactonclimatechangebehaviors.

D.Itmisleadspeopleintospreadingwrongnews.

4.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Thelackofsolutionforinspiringclimateactions.

B.Gloommessages9influencesonclimatebehaviors.

C.Theimportanceofstudyingdifferentmessages5effects.

D.Rightattitudestoclimatechangebeliefsandbehaviors.

（2024•安徽合肥•模拟预测）“Theantandthezebra,,soundslikethetitleofoneofAesop'sfables（寓言）.

Likeallgood,fables,thisonehasamoral,whichisthathumaninterventioninnaturehasunpredictable

consequences.UnliketheGreekoriginals,though,thisfableisreal.

ThestoryplaysoutinLaikipiacounty,Kenya,wherethebig-headedants,aninvasive（入侵的）species

havegraduallybeenreplacingthenativeacaciaants.AsMrKamaru,aKenyanbiologistfromtheUniversityof

Wyoming,andhiscolleaguesreportinScience,theantinvasionhastriggeredacomplicatedchainof

consequenceswhichhashelpedzebrasattheexpenseofbuffaloes,thusneatlyillustratingaphenomenoncalled

trophiccascade（营养级链）.

Itworkslikethis.Akindoftree-whistling-thorntrees-providestheantswithshelterandfood.The

ants,meanwhile,protectthetreesbyseeingoffthechiefthreattothem,thelocalelephants,whicharenotkeento

eattrees,crawlingwithbitinginsects.However,big-headedantsarenotsogoodatkeepingtheelephantsatbay

（陷入困境）.Theelephantsmoveinandchewthetrees,removingmuchofthearea'scover.Thatthrowsthelocal

lionsintoconfusion,whichoftenusethiscovertohidewhenhuntingzebras.Tocompensate（补偿）,thelions

switchtohuntingbuffaloes,whicharemoredangerous,butrunslower.

MrKamaruhasputnumberstotheprocesstoo.Ininvadedareas,elephantsbreaktreesfivetoseventimes

asoftenasinuninvadedones.Andinthoseuninvadedplaces,zebrakillsarealmostthreetimesasfrequentas

thoseintheinvadedones.Indeed,between2003and2020,asthebig-headedantsspread,theproportion（比区U）of

locallionkillswherethevictimwasazebrafellfrom67%to42%.Onthecontrary,overthesameperiod,the

proportionofbuffalokillsrosefromzeroto42%.Whetherthebuffaloesblametheantsfbrtheirmisfortune,no

oneknows.

5.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Howhumanactivitiesimpactnature.

B.Whatthephenomenonoftrophiccascadeis.

C.Howthebig-headedantsinvadeacountyinKenya.

D.Whythestoryaboutdifferentspeciesissignificant.

6.Whoaretherealvictimsinthechain?

A.Lions.B.Buffaloes.C.Elephants.D.Zebras.

7.WhydoesMrKamaruputnumbersinhisreport?

A.Toshowtheresults.B.Toexplainthereasons.

C.Toanalyzetheprocess.D.Togivesomeexamples.

8.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TheMisfortuneofAnimalsB.TheSecretsofNature

C.HowZebrasandAntsBecomeFriendsD.HowAntsPersuadedLionstoEatBuffaloes

（2024*黑龙江•三模）Americancompanieshavelearnedtoloverenewableresources.Now,theyare

beginningtogetinvolvedinnext-generationclimatesolutions.

Anadvancedgeothermal（地热的）projectsupportedbyGooglebegangeneratingelectricitylastweek,abig

stepinseekingfortechnologythatcanaffordablyfillgapsinwindandsolargenerationwithcarbon-freepower.

ThepilotprojectinnorthernNevadausesdrillingandflacking（水力压裂法）techniquesemployedbytheoiland

gasindustrytogetheatfromEarthtogeneratepower.

GeothermaltechnologyhaslongbeenviewedasapotentialwaytotapthenaturalheatofEarthtomake

carbon-freepower.Butithastraditionallybeenlimitedtolocationswheretherearenaturalundergroundlakesof

hotwater,whicharehardtoaccess.In2021,geothermalenergyaccountedforlessthanhalfapercentof

America'spowergeneration.

FervoEnergy,aHouston-basedstartupgivesananswer-tousedrillingandfrackingtechniques

InNevada,thecompanydrilledtwowellstoadepthofabout8,000feetandthenextendedthem

horizontally（水平地）formorethan3,000feet.ThenFervoinjected（注入）coldwaterunderhighpressuretocause

therockbetweenthewellstobefracked,creatingfractures（裂缝）.Wateristhenpumpedintothefirstwell,

absorbingheatasitflowsthroughthefracturesandreturningtothesurfaceviathesecondwellattemperatures

highenoughtomakesteamandspinanengine.

Theprojectrepresentsaconvergenceoftwocompanies9climateambitions.Fervohadsoughttoapply

advancesinoilandgasdrillingtogeothermaltechnology.Butfindingfinancingtoprovethatthecompany*s

technologyworkedwasachallenge.LuckilyforFervo,Googlehadjuststartedreconsideringit;approachtoclean

energyaroundthetimewhenFervowaslookingtotestitstechnology.

“Thedemandforclean,firmpowerissourgent,especiallynow,^^saidGabrielMalek,chiefofstaffatFervo.

“Andwe*rerecognizingthatthegeothermalprojectisoneworkableoptionavailabletous.Itispromising,

actually.

9.Whatistheproblemwithgeothermalenergy?

A.Itisinlittledemand.B.ItstillproducesCO2.

C.Itisnoteasytoemploy.D.ItisrarelyseenonEarth

10.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Howdrillingandfrackingtechniquescome.

B.HownaturalheatonEarthcomesintobeing.

C.Fervo'ssolutiontopollutioncausedbyenergy.

D.Fervo'sapproachtoharvestinggeothermalenergy.

11.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“convergence“inparagraph6?

A.Source.B.Barrier.C.Combination.D.Shift.

12.WhatdoGabrielMalek'swordssuggest?

A.Hiscompanyhasself-fundedtheproject.

B.Heishopefulaboutthegeothermalproject.

C.Hepromisestoprovidecleanpowerforfree.

D.Hiscompanycooperateswithmanybusinesses.

【名校模拟二：文章大意题】

（2024•湖北武汉•模拟预测）Whenheflaggedmedown,Ithoughthewasaneldercollectinga"customs

fbe”,thefewdollarsitcoststousevillageroadsthatleadtomanyofSamoa'ssights.He'dbeensittinglazilyina

greyingroadsideshack（棚子）builtforsuchoccasions.NormallyIwouldn'tpickupafreerider.ButItriedtolive

outadream.

rdwantedtogotoPulemeleiMoundsinceI'dhearditmentionedinanarchaeologyclassyearsago.The

“mound"isactuallyapyramid40feethighandroughly200feetacrossatitsbase.So,Iasked,<aDoyouknow

howtogettoPulemeleiMound?^^

“Mmm,"hesaid,raisinghiseyebrowsintheclassicPolynesiangesturefor"yes"."Ineedtopickupmycar

atthemechanicbutnohurry,riltakeyoutherefirstifyouwant.^^

You'dthinkthatagiantpyramidwouldbeamajorsight,oratleastsomethingmanypeoplehadheardof,

butitisn't.Myaccidentalfriend^raiseoftheeyebrowswasthemostpromisingprospectI'dhadinaweek.

Wedrovealongtheroadinsilenceforafewminutes.Thenmynewfriendbrokethesilenceand,

meanwhile,myhopes.'TveneverbeentoPulemelei,^^hesaid."I'velivedherebutIneverthoughtofgoing."My

heartsank.Butwepressedon,crossingastream,walkingthroughwaist-highgrass,andthenanothermileofhot

walkuntilwefoundasign.There,barelyvisible,werethewords:"PulemeleiMound150m^^.Thesignmarkeda

darktunnelofjungle.Thenthepathopenedtoraysofsunshine.Weclimbed.Andthen,magic.Wewerestanding

ontopofaPolynesianpyramid.

Justthen,myfriend,obviouslyawedbywhathesaw,turnedtowardme,andplacedhisbigSamoanhands

onmyshoulders.Inthemostnaturalway,hebentdownandkissedmegentlyonthecheek.

“Thankyou,^^hesaid.

1.WhafsthepurposeoftheSamoanmanflaggingmedown?

A.Tothumbaride.B.Toaskfordirections.

C.Tocollectacustomsfee.D.Towarnofaroadaccident.

2.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheauthor?

A.Informedbutrigid.B.Hesitantbutagreeable.

C.Skepticalandreserved.D.Curiousandadventurous.

3.WhydidtheSamoanmanthanktheauthorintheend?

A.Hehadlivedouthisdream.B.Hewastakentothemechanic.

C.Heenjoyedtheauthor'scompany.D.Heexperiencedthethrillofdiscovery.

4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.APolynesianvillage.B.AfamousSamoansight.

C.Achanceencounter.D.Anelderprotectinglocalroads.

（2024•重庆•三模）Urbanagriculture,thepracticeoffarmingwithinthelimitsofacity,isbecoming

increasinglypopularworldwideandisconsideredawaytomakecitiesandurbanfoodsystemsmoresustainable.

Despitestrongevidenceofthesocialandnutritionalbenefitsofurbanagriculture,itscarbonfootprintremains

understudied.

Mostpreviouslypublishedstudieshavefocusedonhigh-tech,energy-intensiveformsofurbanagriculture

一suchasvertical（垂直的）farmsandrooftopgreenhouses.Thenewstudyaimedtofillsomeoftheknowledge

gapsbycomparingthecarbonfootprintsoffoodproducedatlow-techurbanagriculturesitestoconventional

crops.

Theresearcherscalculatedthegreenhousegasemissions（排放）associatedwithon-farmmaterialsand

activitiesoverthelifetimeofthefarm.Theemissions,expressedinkilogramsofcarbondioxideequivalentsper

servingoffood,werethencomparedtofoodsraisedbyconventionalmethods.

Farmersandgardenersaturbanagriculturesitesacrossthe