新概念第一册部分语法及相关练习题

新概念第一册部分语法1.问句：一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句，选择疑问句，否定疑问句1）一般疑问句：助动词/be动词+主语Areyouateacher?Doyouwanttohaveacupoftea?2）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句Whatisyourname?3）选择疑问句：orDoyouwantbeeforlamb?4）反意疑问句：肯定陈述句+否定疑问部分，否定陈述部分+肯定疑问部分Youdon’tneedthatpen,doyou?5）否定疑问句：一般疑问句+否定词Aren’tyoulucky?Don’tyouwanthavearest?2.现在完成时1）构成：主语+助动词have,has+过去分词2）用法：①表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和just,usually,already,since等时间副词连用Ihavejusthadlunch.（饱了，不用再吃了）Hehashadacupoftea.（不渴了，不用再喝）Theyhavealreadyhadtheirholiday.（不能再度假了）Theboyhasalreadyreadthebook.（已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了）②询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?///HaveyoubeentoBeijing?///Haveheseenthefilm?③表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作IhavelivedinBeijingfortwentyyears.///Ihaveworkedforthisschoolfor1year.④表示一种经历，经验：去过…地方，做过…事情，经历过…事情Ihaveneverhadabath.///Ihaveneverseenafilm.Ihaveneverbeentocinema.///IhaveeverbeentoParis.注：Havebeento表示去过，havegoneto表示去了IhavebeentoLondon.（人已经回来）//////HehasgonetoLondon.（人还在那里）⑤表示一种结果，一般不和时间副词联用Ihavelostmypen.///Ihavehurtmyself.Hehasbecomeateacher.///Shehasbrokenmyheart.3）句型变化：★变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否定句在助动词后面加not.e.g.Haveyoulostyourpen?Ihavenotlostmypen.★肯定回答及否定回答：Yes,Ihave.No,Ihavenot.★特殊疑问句：Whathaveyoudone?///Whathashedone?一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时3.过去完成时：1）用法：在过去的时间里，两个动作中，发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。2）结构：had+过去分词Aftershehadfinishedherhomework,shewentshopping.TheyhadsoldthecarbeforeIaskedtheprice.ThetrainhadleftbeforeIarrivedatthestation.After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号，如果放在主句后则不用加。3）句型变化：①变疑问句将助动词移到句首：Hadshefinishedherhomework?②变否定句在助动词后面加not：Shehadn’tfinishedherhomework.③肯定回答及否定回答：Yes,shehad.No,shehadn’t.④特殊疑问句：Whathadshedone?4情态动词的使用：can,must,may,might,need,1）情态动词can（能够），must（必须），may（可以）结构：主语+can/must/may+动词原型Hecanmakethetea.Sallycanairtheroom.WecanspeakEnglish.★变疑问句将情态动词移到句首Canhemakethetea?CanSallyairtheroom?CanwespeakEnglish?★变否定句在情态动词后面加notHecannotmakethetea.Sallycannotairtheroom.WecannotspeakEnglish.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,hecan.No,hecannot.Yes,shecan.No,shecannot.Yes,wecan.No,wecannot.★特殊疑问句：Whatcanyoudo?注意：情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化，不要在情态动词或动词后面加S。2）Must/haveto的区别must表示必须，是主观上觉得应该做，haveto是不得不，是由于客观条件逼迫的必要要做must只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里，而havetodo可以用在任何时态3）must,may,might表示猜测：·mustdo表示对现在事实的猜测·musthavedone表示对过去事实的猜测·musthavebeendoing表示对过去正在进行的事实的猜测·may/mightdo,may/mighthavedone表示没有任何事实依据的猜测，might的可能性更小。5·can’t/couldn’t表示不可能练习题现在完成时练习一、按要求改变句型1.

Hehasheardthatbefore.(改为否定句)

(A)Howlong(B)Howsoon(C)Howfar(D)Howoften()18.Howlong___he___thelibrarybook.(A)has,borrow(B)has,kept(C)has,bought(D)did,buy()19.Herfatherin1990andherhusbandformorethanfiveyears(A)died,dead(B)hasdied,dead(C)died,hasbeendead(D)hasdied,hasdied()20.Ihavethisnicewatchfortwoyears(A)had(B)bought(C)borrowed(D)lend()21.Hehishomefortenyears（A）hasleft(B)leftfrom(C)hasbeenawayfrom(D)wasawayfrom()22.Healeaguememberforthreeyears(A)is(B)hasbeen(C)hasbecome(D)havebecome()23.Lihua'sbrotherhasfortwoyear(A)joinedthearmy(B)beenanarmy(C)becomeasoldier(D)beeninthearmy()24.Hehasn'tQuanzhoueversinceheleftschool(A)left(B)beenaway(C)been(D)away()25.——Haveyoufinishedyourhomework——Yes,Iitlastnight(A)finish(B)finished(C)havefinished(D)willfinish()26.——youevertoNanjing——Yes,Itherelastyear.(A)Have…gone,havegone(B)Have…been,went(C)Did…go,went（D)Did…go,has,been()27.——WhenyouLucyinNewYork?——Iherefortwoyears(A)did…meet,have'tseen(B)did…meet,haven'tseen(C)did…meet,don'tsee(D)would…meet,hadn'tseen过去完成时专项练习1.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,I_____thedinneralready.Ahadcooked

B.cooked

C.havecooked

D.wascooked2.Shesaidshe__________theprinciplealreadyA.hasseen

B.saw

C.willsee

D.hadseen3.Shesaidherfamily_______themselves______thearmyduringthewar.A.hashidden,from

B.hadhidden,from

C.hashidden,with

D.hadhidden,with4.Bythetimehewastenyearsold,he_________.A.

hascompleteduniversity

B.hascompletedtheuniversityB.

hadcompletedanuniversity

D.hadcompleteduniversity5.He_____toplay____beforehewas11yearsold.Ahadlearned,piano

B.hadlearned,thepianoC.haslearned,thepiano

D.learns,piano.6.He___inthefactoryforthreeyearsbeforehejoinedtheArmy.A.hasworked

B.works

C.hadworked

D.willwork7.Bytheendoflastweek,they____thebridge.A.hascompleted

B.completed

C.willcomplete

D.hadcompleted8.Bythetimehewas4,

he______alotofGermanwords.A.hadlearned

B.haslearned

C.learned

D.learns9.Thestudents_________theirclassroomwhenthevisitorsarrived.A.havecleaned

B.hadcleaned

C.wascleaned

D.havebeencleaned10.Mymother______inthatfactoryattheageof18.A.hadworked

B.hasworked

C.worked

D.wor