《国际货运代理英语》课件

Unit1

ScopeofFreightForwardingServiceUnit1ScopeofFreightForwardingService（一）基本要求了解：Thefreightforwarder’soriginalduty熟悉：Scopeoftheforwarders’servicesonbehalfoftheconsignor掌握：Scopeoftheforwarders’servicesonbehalfoftheconsignee（二）考试内容1.Thefreightforwarder’soriginalduty2.Scopeoftheforwarders’servicesonbehalfoftheconsignor3.Scopeoftheforwarders’servicesonbehalfoftheconsignee2.Theforwarders’servicesonbehalfofconsignor(exporter)Choosetheroute,modeoftransportandasuitablecarrier.Bookspacewiththeselectedcarrier.Takedeliveryofthegoodsandissue

relevantdocumentssuchastheForwarders’CertificateofReceipt,（FCR收货凭证）theForwarders’CertificateofTransport,（FCT运输凭证）etc.Studytheprovisions（规定）oftheletterofcredit

andallGovernmentregulationsapplicabletotheshipmentofgoodsinthecountryofexport,thecountryofimport,aswellasanytransitcountry;hewouldalso

prepare

allthenecessarydocuments.2.Theforwarders’servicesonbehalfofconsignor（exporter）Pack

thegoods,takingintoaccounttheroute,themodeoftransport,thenatureofthegoodsandapplicableregulations,ifany,inthecountryofexport,transitcountiesandcountryofdestination.Arrangewarehousingofthegoods,ifnecessary.Weightandmeasurethegoods.Drawtheconsignor’sattentiontotheneedforinsuranceandarrangefortheinsuranceofgoods,ifrequiredbytheconsignor.Transportthegoodstotheport,arrangeforcustomsclearance,relateddocumentationformalitiesanddeliverthegoodstothecarrier.2.Theforwarders’servicesonbehalfofconsignor（exporter）EconomicrisksAttendto

（处理）foreignexchangetransactions,ifany.Payfeesandotherchargesincludingfreight.Obtainthesignedbillsofladingfromthecarrierandarrangedeliverytotheconsignor.Arrange

fortransshipmentenrouteifnecessary.Monitor

themovementofgoodsallthewaytotheconsigneethroughcontractswiththecarrierandtheforwarders’agentsabroad.Notedamagestoorlossesofthegoods,ifany.Assisttheconsignorinpursuingclaims（索赔）,ifany,againstthecarrierforlossofthegoodsorfordamagetothem.3.Theforwarders’servicesonbehalfofconsignee（importer）Monitorthemovementofgoodsonbehalfoftheconsigneewhentheconsigneecontrolthefreight(goods).Receiveandcheckallrelevantdocumentsrelatingtothemovementofthegoods.Takedeliveryofthegoodsfromthecarrierand,ifnecessary,paythefreightcosts.Arrangecustomsclearanceandpayduties,feesandotherchargestothecustomsandotherpublicauthorities.3.Theforwarders’servicesonbehalfofconsignee（importer）1342Arrangetransitwarehousing,ifnecessary.Assisttheconsignee,ifnecessary,inwarehousinganddistribution.Delivertheclearedgoodstotheconsignee.Assisttheconsigneeinpursuingclaims,ifany,againstthecarrierforlossofthegoodsorfordamagetothem.Unit2TermsofShipmentintheContractsfortheInternationalSaleofGoodsUnit2TermsofShipmentintheContractsfortheInternationalSaleofGoods（一）基本要求了解：TermsofShipment熟悉：WaysofStipulatingTimeofShipment掌握：Interpretationoftermsandpointsofthetimeofshipmentinthecontract:（二）考试内容1.Timeofshipment2.Interpretationofterms3.Pointstonotewhenthetradersdiscussthetimeofshipmentinthecontract1.WaysofStipulatingTimeofShipmentShipmentnotlaterthanJuly31st,2008ShipmentonoraboutJune20,2008Shipmentwithin15daysafterreceiptofremittance(汇款)ShipmenttobemadeduringJune/July,2008BADCEShipmentwithin30daysafterreceiptofL/C2.InterpretationoftermsIftheexpression

“onorabout”orsimilarexpressionsareused,bankswillinterpretthemasastipulationthatshipmentistobemadeduringtheperiodfromfivedaysbeforetofivedaysafterthespecifieddate,bothenddaysincluded.Thewords

“to,until,till,from,between”andwordsofsimilarexpressionsapplyingtoanydateorperiodinthecreditreferringtoshipmentwillbeunderstoodtoincludethedatementioned.2.InterpretationoftermsTheword“beforeandafter”willbeunderstoodtoexcludethedatementioned.Theterms“firsthalf,secondhalf”

ofamonthshallbeconstruedrespectivelyasthe1sttothe15th,andthe16thtothelastdayofsuchmonth,alldatesinclusive.Theterms“beginning,middle,orend”

ofamonthshallbeconstruedrespectivelyasthe1sttothe10th,the11thtothe20th,andthe21sttothelastdayofsuchmonth,alldatesinclusive.3.Pointstonote(1)Theexportershouldconsiderwhetherhecangetthegoods

readybeforetheshipmentdate

andwhethertheshipisavailableifthegoodsareready.(2)Thetimeofshipmentshouldbestipulatedin

aclearandflexibleway.Expressionssuchas“prompt”,“immediately”,“assoonaspossible”andthelikeshouldnotbeused.(3)Sometimes,theL/Csimplystipulatesanexpirydatewithoutashipmentdatewhichmeansthesetwodatesarethesame.3.Pointstonote(4)Iftheexpirydateofthecredit（信用证有效期）and/orthelastdayoftheperiodoftimeforpresentationofdocuments（交单期）stipulatedbythecreditfallsonadayonwhichthe

banktowhichpresentationhastobemadeisclosed,thestipulatedexpirydateand/orthelastdayoftheperiodoftimeafterthedateofshipmentforpresentationofdocuments,asthecasemaybe,shallbeextendedtothefirstfollowingdayonwhichsuchbankisopen.3.Pointtonote(5)Thelatestdateforshipment（最迟装运期）shallnotbeextendedbyreasonoftheextensionoftheexpirydateand/ortheperiodoftimeafterthedateofshipmentforpresentationofdocuments.

Ifnosuchlatestdateforshipmentisstipulatedinthecreditoramendments,bankswillnotaccepttransportdocumentsindicatingadateofshipmentlaterthantheexpirydatestipulatedinthecreditoramendments.Unit3

DocumentaryCreditUnit3DocumentaryCredit（一）基本要求了解：BasicContentsofanL/CandBasicProcedureofaDocumentaryLetterofCredit熟悉：Definition,CharacteristicsofSettlementbyL/C掌握：PartiestoanL/C,TypesofLettersofCredit（二）考试内容：1.Definition2.PartiestoanL/C

3.BasicContentsofanL/C4.BasicProcedureofaDocumentaryLetterofCredit5.CharacteristicsofSettlementbyL/C6.TypesofLettersofCredit信用证操作的流程简述如下：1.买卖双方在贸易合同中规定使用跟单信用证支付。

2.买方通知当地银行（开证行）开立以卖方为受益人的信用证。

3.开证行请求另一银行通知或保兑信用证。

4.通知行通知卖方，信用证已开立。

5.卖方收到信用证，并确保其能履行信用证规定的条件后，即装运货物。

6.卖方将单据向指定银行提交。该银行可能是开证行，或是信用证内指定的付款、承兑或议付银行。

信用证操作的流程简述如下：7.该银行按照信用证审核单据。如单据符合信用证规定，银行将按信用证规定进行支付、承兑或议付。

8.开证行以外的银行将单据寄送开证行。

9.开证行审核单据无误后，以事先约定的形式，对已按照信用证付款、承兑或议付的银行偿付。

10.开证行在买方付款后交单，然后买方凭单取货。1.DefinitionAletterofcreditis

thewrittenpromiseofabank（银行书面保证文件）toactattherequestandontheinstructionsoftheapplicantandtoundertakepaymenttothebeneficiary（承诺付款给受益人）intheamountspecifiedinthecredit,providedthatthebeneficiarycomplieswiththetermsandconditionsofthecredit.2.PartiestoanL/CApplicant:

thepartywhichappliestothebankforopeningL/C(buyerorimporter)Issuingbank:thebankthatissuesaL/CattherequestoftheapplicantAdvisingbank:

thebankthatadvisesthebeneficiaryofanL/CBeneficiary:

thepartyinwhosefavoranL/Cisopenedandwhichshouldcomplywiththetermsandconditionsofthecreditinordertoreceivetheproceeds(seller,exporter)Negotiatingbank(议付银行):

thebankthatnegotiatesthebeneficiary’sdraft.Itmaybetheadvisingbankoranotherbankauthorizedtonegotiatethedocuments5.CharacteristicsofSettlementbyL/C1）Theissuingbankhastheprimaryliabilitiesforpayment;2）AnL/Cisaself-sufficientinstrument（自足文件）;3）Itissimplyadocumenttransaction.Therelevantpartiesdealwith

documentsonly,ratherthanwiththegoodsorservices（银行处理的是单据，而不是单据所涉及的货物、服务）。Ifthegoodsdonotconformtothedocumentsaftertheapplicantpaystheissuingbank,theapplicantcanonlytakethismatterupwiththedefaultingparties(违约方).Ithasnothingtodowiththebank.Onthecontrary,ifthegoodsareinorder,butthedocumentarenotcorrect,theissuingbankandtheapplicanthavetherighttorefusetopaytheseller.6.TypesofLettersofCreditDocumentarycredits(shippingdocumentsrequired)Cleancredits(光票信用证onlydraftsrequired)Irrevocabledocumentarycredits(cannotbecancelled)Confirmedcredits(confirmedbyanotherbank)Unconfirmedcredits(非保兑notconfirmedbyanotherbank)Sightcredits(effectpaymentimmediately)Timecredits(effectpaymentnotimmediately)OtherCredit：Payment（付款）credits,acceptance（承兑）credits,negotiation（议付）credits,anticipatory（预支）credit,revolving（循环）credits,transferable（可转让）credits,back-to-backcredits,etc.Unit4ThePracticeofInternationalOceanCargoTransportationUnit4ThePracticeofInternationalOceanCargoTransportation（一）基本要求了解：Transportgeography熟悉：DifferentTypesofShippingServices掌握：ShippingDocuments（二）考试内容1.Transportgeography2.DifferentTypesofShippingServices3.ShippingDocuments1.TransportgeographyAninternationalfreightforwardershouldbefamiliarwithinternationaltraderoutes.Heorsheshouldhaveknowledgeofmaintrafficroutes,locationofports,transshipmentpoint(转运地)andinlandcenter.2.DifferentTypesofShippingServices2.1Conferencelines（班轮公会航线）(1)definition

Ashippingconference（班轮公会）isagroupofshippinglinesoperatinginanyparticularrouteunderagreementtoprovidedascheduledservicewithacommontariffandafixeditineraryofportofcall.(2)purposetoeliminatepricecompetitionamongmemberlinestoreduceoutsidecompetition(3)advantagestoshippersarestabilityoffreightratesandregularityofservices.(4)disadvantagesRatesareusuallyhigh.RatesdonotfluctuateaccordingtosupplyanddemandRatesandproceduresareinflexible.2.3Non-vesseloperatingcommoncarrier(NVOCC)（无船承运人）AnNVOCC

isacarrierwhooperatesaregularscheduledservice.Hedoesnotownoroperatethevesselsbywhichseatransportationisprovided.AlthoughtheNVOCCisacarrierinhisrelationshipwiththeactualshipper,heisashipperinhisrelationshipwiththeactualcarrier.Herendersausefulservicebyprovidinggroupageorconsolidationservices,particularlytosmallshipperwhodonothavemuchbargainingpowerinnegotiatingrates.2.2Non-Conferencelines（非班轮公会航线）Thisisattributabletothedevelopmentofcontainerizationandemergenceofmanyindependentcarriers.2.4Trampservice（不定期船运输）Trampservicehasnofixeditinerary（航线）orscheduleandisoperatedonanyrouteaccordingtosupplyanddemand.3.Shippingdocuments(1)Thebilloflading（提单）

Thebilloflading

byitselfisnotacontractofcarriageasitsignedonlybythecarrier.However,itprovidesevidenceofcontractofcarriage.Itservesasareceiptforgoodsdeliveredtothecarrier.Besides,thebillofladingservesasadocumentoftitleenablingthegoodstobetransferredfromtheshippertotheconsigneeoranyotherpartybyendorsement.(2)Seawaybill（海运单）

Aseawaybillisthereplacementofthetraditionaloceanbilloflading.Thewaybillisanon-negotiabledocument

andmadeouttoaconsigneewhoisallowed,uponproductionofproperidentification,toclaimthegoodswithoutpresentingthewaybill.3.Shippingdocuments(3)Cargomanifest（舱单）

Acargomanifest

provides

informationregardingcargoonboard.Themanifestispreparedbythecarrier’sagentbutthefreightforwarderhavetohandleitwhiledealingwiththecustomsandportauthorities.(4)Shipping(Booking)note（托运单）

Ashippingnoteisissuedbytheshippertothecarrierrequestingallocationofshippingspace.Itisacommitmentonthepartoftheshippertoshipthegoodsandservesasthebasisforthepreparationofthebilloflading.3.Shippingdocuments(5)Deliveryorder（提货单）

Adeliveryorder

isissuedbythe

carrierorhisagenttoenabletheconsigneeorhisforwardingagenttotakedeliveryofthecargofromthevessel.(6)Mate’sreceipt（大副收据/收货单）

Amate’sreceiptisthereceiptissuedbythemateintheacknowledgementofthegoodsreceivedonboardwhichissubsequentlyexchangedforthebilloflading.Unit5

Charteringusiness

Unit5CharteringBusiness（一）基本要求了解：Bareboatchartering熟悉：TimeChartering掌握：VoyageChartering

（二）考试内容1.VoyageChartering2.TimeChartering3.BareboatcharteringCharteringCharteringisthebusinessofprovidingemploymentforavesselandarrangingsuitableseatransportforavarietyofcommodities.船舶租赁是提供船舶和薇各种货物安排死党海上运输的业务。1.Voyagechartering航次租船(1)DefinitionThevoyagecharteringmeansthattheshipownerpromisestocarryonboardaspecificshipaparticularcargoforasinglevoyagefromoneormoreloadingportstooneormoredischargingports.

航次租船是指船东承诺按一个单程航次装运约定的货物，从一个或多个港口运至另一个或多个港口。1.Voyagechartering航次租船(2)ContentsAvoyagecharterpartyshallmainlycontainthenamesoftheparties,thenameandnationalityoftheship,itsbaleorgraincapacity,descriptionofthegoodstobeloaded,portofloadinganddischarge,timeforloadinganddischarge,paymentoffreight,demurrage,dispatchandotherrelevantmatters.

航次租船合同应当主要包含双方的名字,船的名字和国籍、吨位和舱容。描述装载货物的装货、卸货港、装货、卸货时间,支付运费、滞期费、速遣费以及其他有关事项。

1.Voyagechartering航次租船(3)CostsallocationUnderavoyagechartertheshipownerretainstheoperationalcontrolofthevesselandisresponsibleforalltheoperatingexpensessuchasportcharges,bunkers,taxes,etc.Loadinganddischargingcostsaredividedbetweentheshipownerandthechartererinaccordancewiththeagreementfromcasetocase.在航次租船中，船东仍保有对船舶的控制，负责港口使费、燃油，税费等所有运营费用。装卸费用由出租人和承租人按照协议中不同情况的规定。

1.Voyagechartering航次租船(4)FormsTherearemorestandardformsofvoyagecharterpartyused.Typicallyexampleis

Genconform

whichisgeneralcharterpartiesdesignedtobeusedintradeswherenospecificformexists.有更多的标准形式的航次租船合同使用。典型的例子是金康合同形式,租船合同设计的一般用于在交易没有特定的形式存在的情况。2.Timechartering(1)Meaning:Thetimecharteringmeansthattheshipownerprovidesadesignatedmannedshiptothecharterer,andthechartereremploystheshipforaspecificperiodagainstpaymentofhire.Thehireispayableinadvanceforamonthorotherperiod.Ifthehireisnotpaidpromptlytheshipownermaybeentitledtocancelthecharter.定期船舶合同是指船东将配备好还原的制定船舶提供给承租人、在约定的期限内，由承租人控制船舶的营运并支付租金。租用费用是提前一个月支付或其他时间支付。如果租用费用没有及时支付，出租人有权解除合同。2.Timechartering(2)Liabilities:Underatimecharterthecrewisemployedbytheshipowner,whoisalsoresponsibleforthenauticaloperationandmaintenanceofthevesselandsupervisionofthecargo.Thechartererisliableforcostsdirectlyconnectedwiththeuseofthevessel,forexample,bunkercostsandportchargesandpaysfortheloadinganddischarging.根据合同船员是受雇于出租人的,他们也负责船舶的航海操作和维护和监督的货物。承租人承担船舶的使用费用。例如,燃料成本和港口装卸费用和支付。Theliabilityforthecargomaybedeterminedindifferentwaysandmayrestwiththeshipownerorwiththechartererormaybedividedbetweentheminonewayoranother.货物的责任可能以不同的方式，或许取决于出租人或承租人，或者以这样或那样的方式让他们分别承担责任的一部分。

2.Timechartering(3)Forms:Therearealsosomestandardformsoftimecharterpartyusedinthetimecharteringbusiness.ThetwomajorformsareNYPEandBALTIME.ByfarthelargestnumberoftimecharteringarefixedonthebasisoftheNYPE（纽约土产格式）CharterParty.也有一些标准形式的定期租船合同用于租船业务。两种主要形式是NYPE和BALTIME。定期租船到目前为止最多的是以NYPE为基础的租船合同。Unit6MarineB/L

Unit6MarineB/L（一）基本要求了解：ElectronicDeliveryofMarineBillsofLading熟悉：GeneralConceptofMarineBillsofLading,DrawingupMarineBillsofLading掌握：FunctionsofMarineBillsofLading,TypesofMarineBillsofLading（二）考试内容：1.GeneralConceptofMarineBillsofLading2.FunctionsofMarineB/L3.TypesofMarineBillsofLading4.DrawingupMarineBillsofLading5.ElectronicDeliveryofMarineBillsofLading1.GeneralConceptofmarinebillsoflading海运提单概念Abillofladingisadocumentwhichservesasanevidenceofthecontractofcarriageofgoodsbyseaandthetakingoverorloadingofthegoodsbythecarrier,andbasedonwhichthecarrierundertakestodeliverthegoodsagainstsurrenderingthesame.Aprovisioninthedocumentstatingthatthegoodsaretobedeliveredtotheorderofanamedperson,ortoorder,ortobearer,constitutessuchanundertaking.（提单，是指用以证明海上货物运输合同和货物已经由承运人接收或者装船，以及承运人保证据以交付货物的单证。提单中载明的向记名人交付货物，或者按照指示人的指示交付货物，或者向提单持有人交付货物的条款，构成承运人据以交付货物的保证。）2.FunctionsofmarinebillofladingItisreceiptforthegoodsshipped（这是货物收据）

areceiptissuedbyacarrierthatidentifiableconsignmentofgoodshasbeenreceivedbyhimforshipment,oractuallyloadedonboardhisshipAdocumentoftitletothegoods（货物的物权凭证）

ThepossessionofaB/Lisequivalentinlawtopossessionofthegoods.Evidenceofthetermsofthecontractofaffreightment.（租船合同的条款的证据。）

Thetermsofthebillofladingcontainthetermsofthecontract.3.Typesofmarinebillsoflading3.1Orderbillsoflading（提示提单）Orderbillsareissuedbythecarrierstotheorderofshipperorconsignee.Anorderbillofladingisanegotiabledocument.Orderbillsmadeouttoconsigneeorordercanbetransferredbythembyendorsement.3.2Straightbillsoflading（记名提单）

Straightbillsofladingarethosemadeouttonamedconsigneeswithouttheadditionofthewords“ororder”.Theyarenotnegotiableandcannotbetransferredtothirdparties.Deliveryofgoods,therefore,canonlybetakenbythenamedconsignee.3.Typesofmarinebillsoflading3.3Shippedbillsoflading（已装船提单）

Shippedbillsstatedefinitelythatthegoodshavebeenloaded.Itconfirmsthatthegoodsareactuallyonboardthevessels.3.4Receivedforshipmentbillsoflading（收货待运提单）Receivedforshipmentbillsofladingstatethatthegoodshavebeenreceivedforshipment,anddonotindicatetheactualdateoflading.3.Typesofmarinebillsoflading3.5Directbillsoflading（直接提单）Directbillsofladingarethosecoveringshipmentbetweendirectportsofloadinganddischarge.3.6Throughbillsoflading(联运提单)Throughbillsofladingcovershipmentfromortoportsinvolvingtransportbytwoormoreshippingorrailwayscompanies.3.Typesofmarinebillsoflading3.7Cleanbillsoflading（清洁提单）Thecleanbillofladingbearsanindicationthatthegoodswerereceivedwithoutdamages,irregularitiesorshortshipment,usuallytheword“apparentgoodorderandconditionisindicatedontheB/L.3.8Foulbillsoflading（不清洁提单）Foulbilloflading(uncleanbilloflading,dirtybillofladingorclausedbilloflading)istheoppositeofthecleanbilloflading.Itbearsanindicationthatthegoodswerereceivedwithdamages,irregularities（异常）orshortshipment,usuallythewords“uncleanonboard”orthelikeareindicatedontheB/L,forexample,“insufficientpacking”,“missingsafetyseal”and“onecartonshort”.4.DrawingupmarinebillsofladingAbillofladingcontainssomemainelements,suchasquantityofcargo,accuratecargodescriptionandcondition,dateofthebilloflading,namesofshipperandconsignee,portofloadinganddischarging,ship’sname,termsandconditionsofcarriageandpaymentoffreight.提单包含一些主要元素,如货物数量,准确的货物描述和状态,日期的提单,托运人和收货人的名称,港口装卸,运输船舶名称、条款和条件和支付运费。

Themainpartiesonabillofladingareshipper,consignee,notifypartyandcarrier.Theshipper

istheperson,usuallytheexporter,whosendsthegoods.

Consignee

referstothepersonentitledtotakedeliveryofthegoods.Carrier

isthepersonorcompanywhohasconcludedacontractwiththeshipperforcarriageofgoods.Notifypartyisthepartythatthecarriermustnotifywhenthegoodsarriveattheportofdestination.Thecarrierissuesanarrivalnotice

informingthenotifypartyaboutthecargodischargepoint,numberofpackagesandotherinformation.提单主要涉及的方面有：发货人,收货人,通知方和承运方。发货人通常是出口商,发送货物。收货人是指有权提货的人。承运人主要指个人或公司，其与发货人订立货物运输的合同。通知方当货物到达目的港承运人必须通知的人。承运人发出到货通知，告知通知方卸货点,件数和其他信息。Itisimportanttodatebillsofladingcorrectly,andasperdateonwhichthecargoisactuallyloaded.Cargoquantityandconditionshouldalsobeadequatelyandcorrectlydescribedinthebillsoflading.提单上的装运日期正确,并使货物按日期实际规定进行装运是非常重要的。提单中货物的数量和描述也应该充分、准确。Unit7

（一）基本要求了解：TypesofOceanFreightRates熟悉：ConsiderationforDeterminingtheOceanFreightRates掌握：Surcharges（二）考试内容1.TypesofOceanFreightRates2.ConsiderationforDeterminingtheOceanFreightRates3.SurchargesUnit7Oceanfreightratesmaybebroadlydividedintotrampratesandlinerfreightrates.海运运费率可大致分为不定期船运费率和班轮运费率。1）Trampratesfluctuatewiththemarketconditionsofsupplyanddemand.不定期船运费率随航运市场的供求关系而波动。2）Linerfreightratesarefixedbyshippingconferencesandotherlineroperators.Theyarerelatedmoretothecostsofoperationthatremaincomparativelysteadyoveraperiodtime.班轮运费率由班轮公会和其他的班轮运营人确定；他们多与营运成本密切相关，在一定时期内保持相对稳定。Whendeterminingthefreightrate,thecarrierwillalsoconsider:Stowagefactor（积载因素）DistanceTheprincipleof“Whatthetrafficcanbear”.（运输所能承受的原则）

“servicecost”principleTheopenmarketratesCurrencyadjustmentfactorBunkeradjustmentfactor

Portcongestion（拥挤）surchargesContainerfreightCommodityboxrates（包箱费率）isalumpsumrate（整比运费费率）forthecarriageofacontainerloadedwithaparticularcommodityFreightallkindsrates（均一费率）allcommoditiesarechargedthesamerateforthesamevoyageregardlessoftheirvalueUnit8

MarineCargoInsuranceUnit8MarineCargoInsurance（一）基本要求了解：Principlesofmarinecargoinsurance

熟悉：Insurancepremiumandpolicy掌握：TypesofBasicCoverage,InstituteCargoClause（二）考试内容：1.Principleofmarinecargoinsurance.

2.Insurancepremium.3.Insurancepolicy.4.Typesofbasiccoverage5.Institutecargoclause2.InsurancePremium

Thepremiumistheconsiderationwhichtheinsurersreceivefromtheassuredinexchangefortheirundertakingtopaythesuminsuredintheeventinsuredagainst.Thegeneralguidingrateoftheinsurancepremiumis1%oftheamountinsured.Thepremiumratesmayvary,forexample,from0.5%to1.5%ormoreorlessdependingonfactorssuchas:typeofgoods,thecountryanddistanceofdestination,valueofthegoods,modeoftransportation,thetypeofriskscovered,containerorbulkshipmentandtypeofpacking.TheminimumamountinsuredshouldbetheCIFortheCIPvalueofthegoodsplus10%.最低保险金额应CIF或CIP货物加10%的价值。3.InsurancePolicyInsurancepolicy

isanevidenceofinsurancecontractissuedbytheinsurerorunderwritertotheassured.Theformatofinsurancepolicyformsvariesfrominsurertoinsurer.Insurancepolicyorcertificate,andendorsement(背书)

arethemainonesusedindailybusiness.

Thepolicymustbeissuedandsignedbyaninsurancecompanyoritsagent.Ifmorethanoneoriginalisissuedandissoindicatedinthepolicy,alltheoriginalsmustbepresentedtothebank,unlessotherwiseauthorizedintheletterofcredit.4.TypesofBasicCoverage4.1FreefromParticularAverage(FPA)平安险TheriskscoveredinFPAcoveragebasicallymeansthatonlytotalorconstructivetotallossofthewholeconsignmentofcargobutnopartiallossordamageisrecoverablefromtheinsurerresultingfromnaturalcalamities,suchasheavyweather,lightning,tsunami（海啸）,earthquakeandflood.Totallossorpartiallossisrecoverablefromtheinsurerincurredasaresultofspecificcasualties,e.g.,collision,stranding,sinkingofthevessel.Italsocoversgeneralaverageandsalvagecharges,reasonablecostsincurredbytheassuredinsalvagingthegoodsoravertingorminimizingalossrecoverableunderthepolicy.1.平安险平安险的英文意思为“单独海损不赔”。其责任范围主要包括：A.被保险货物在运输途中由于恶劣气候、雷电、海啸、地震、洪水等自然灾害造成的整批货物的全部损失或推定全损。B.由于运输工具遭受搁浅、触礁、沉没、互撞、与流冰或其他物体碰撞以及失火、爆炸等意外事故造成货物的全部或部分损失。C.在运输工具已经发生搁浅、触礁、沉没、焚毁等意外事故的情况下，货物在此前后又在海上遭受恶劣气候、雷电、海啸等自然灾害所造成的部分损失。D.在装卸或转运时由于一件或数件整件货物落海造成的全部或部分损失。E.被保险人对遭受承保责任内危险的货物采取抢救、防止或减少货损的措施而支付的合理费用，但以不超过该批被救货物的保险金额为限。F.运输工具遭遇海难后，在避难港由于卸货所引起的损失以及在中途港、避难港由于卸货、存仓以及运送货物所产生的特别费用。G.共同海损的牺牲、分摊和救助费用。H.运输合同中订有“船舶互撞责任”条款，根据该条款规定应由货方偿还船方的损4.2WithAverage(WA)WAprovideslargercoverthanFPAsincepartiallossanddamageisrecoverablefromtheinsurerresultingfromnaturalcalamities.ThatistheonlydifferencebetweenWAandFPAinPICCOceanMarineCargoClauses.该险的责任范围除平安险的各项责任外，还负责被保险货物由于恶劣气候、雷电、海啸、地震、洪水等自然灾害所造成的部分损失。2.水渍险ThistypeofcoverageisthemostwidelyusedinthetransportofgeneralcargobecauseitprovidesbettercoveragethanWA/WPAtype.AsidefromtheriskscoveredunderWA/WPAtype,italsoprovidesinsuranceagainstallrisksoflossofordamagetothecargoinsuredarisingfromexternalcausesinthecourseoftransit.TheAllRisksdoesnotcoverrisksof

war,strikeandotherspecialadditionalriskssuchasfailuretodelivery,importduty,ondeck,rejection,aflatoxinetc.Thegeneraladditionalriskssuchastheft,pilferage&non-deliveryrisks,freshwaterand/orraindamagerisks,shortagerisks,intermixtureandcontaminationrisks,leakagerisks,clashandbreakagerisks,taintofodourrisks,sweatandheatingrisks,hookdamagerisks,breakageofpackingrisksandrustrisksarecoveredinAllRiskscoverage.4.3AllRisks该险除包括水渍险的责任范围外，还负责赔偿被保险货物在运输途中由于外来原因所致的全部或部分损失；外来原因指偷窃、提货不着、淡水雨淋、短量、混杂、玷污、渗漏、串味异味、受潮受热、包装破裂、钩损、碰损破碎、锈损等原因。注意，一切险是最高险，责任范围最广。它除了平安险和水渍险的责任外，还包括保险标的在运输途中由于外来原因所造成的全部或部分损失。所谓外来原因系指一般附加险所承保的责任。所以，一切险实际上是平安险、水渍险和一般附加险的总和。3.一切险lossordamagecausedbytheintentionalactorfaultoftheinsured;（造成损失或损害被保险人的故意行为或错误;）lossordamagefallingundertheliabilityoftheconsignor;（损失或损害为托运人的责任）lossordamagearisingfromtheinferiorqualityorshortageoftheinsuredgoodspriortotheatta