2022-2023学年江苏省扬州市高二下学期开学考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1江苏省扬州市2022-2023学年高二下学期开学考试英语试题第一部分：听力(略)第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AHighSchoolStudioWorkshopsSinglemuseumvisit,2.5hoursGrades9–12Thesehalf-dayartworkshopsincludeanin-depthexaminationanddiscussionofworksofartinthegalleries,followedbybehind-the-scenesaccesstotheEducationStudio,wherestudentscreatearelatedartproject.Duringtheworkshop,NationalGalleryofArteducatorswillencouragestudentstolookcarefullyatworksofartandthensharetheirresponsesanddeveloptheoriesbasedontheirobservations.Studentswillhavetheopportunitytocreateaworkofartinthestudioinspiredbywhattheyhaveseeninthegalleries.MuseumMakers:ExploringArtandMuseumsGrades11–12TheMuseumMakersprogramexplainshowmuseumsoperateandwhattheyhavetooffer.Itgivesupper-levelhighschoolstudentsthetoolstoexperience,understandandinterpretart.Participantswillgainaninsider’sviewofhowanartmuseumworks.StudentsmeetforsevenSaturdaysessionsfrom10:00amto3:00pm.Completionoftheprogramrequiresattendanceofallsevensessions.CreativeWritingintheGalleriesGrades7–12,90minutesStudentswillprovideavoicefortheirpersonalresponsestoartthroughcreativewritingwhilelookingataselectionofartworksinthegalleries.Usingcloseobservation,groupdiscussion,andpersonalreflection,theywillbeguidedthroughexercisesthatusedifferentwritingforms,includingfree-formpoetry.Amaximumof30students(minimumof15)willbeaccommodated(容纳)ateachsession.21.WhatcanstudentsdoduringHighSchoolStudioWorkshops?A.TheycanexperiencethescenicaccessintheEducationStudio.B.Theycanbeofferedtheopportunitytoanartentranceexamination.C.Theycanexpresstheiropinionsanddeveloptheirobservationabilities.D.Theycancreateanartworkrelatedtowhathasbeenseeninthegalleries.22.Whatdothethreeactivitieshaveincommon?A.Theylimitthenumberofvisitors. B.Theyaresuitablefora12thgrader.C.Theyletvisitorsmakehandicrafts. D.Theylastamorningoranafternoon.23.Wheremightthisarticlebechosen?A.Atraveljournal. B.Aresearchreport.C.Anartmagazine. D.Ateachingdesign.【答案】21.D22.B23.C【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几个国家艺术馆的课程情况。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据HighSchoolStudioWorkshops部分“Studentswillhavetheopportunitytocreateaworkofartinthestudioinspiredbywhattheyhaveseeninthegalleries.(学生们将有机会在工作室里创作一件艺术作品，灵感来自他们在画廊里看到的东西。)”可知学生们可以创作与在画廊里看到的东西相关的艺术品。故选D项。【22题详析】细节理解题。细节理解题。根据HighSchoolStudioWorkshopsSinglemuseumvisit部分“Singlemuseumvisit,2.5hoursGrades9–12(单次参观博物馆，9-12年级2.5小时)”；MuseumMakers:ExploringArtandMuseums部分“Grades11–12(11-12年级)”以及CreativeWritingintheGalleries部分“Grades7–12,90minutes(7-12年级，90分钟)”可知，这三种活动的共同之处是都适合12年级学生。故选B项。【23题详析】推理判断题。根据HighSchoolStudioWorkshops部分“Thesehalf-dayartworkshopsincludeanin-depthexaminationanddiscussionofworksofartinthegalleries,followedbyabehind-the-scenesvisittotheEducationStudio,wherestudentscreatearelatedartproject.(这些半天的艺术工作坊包括对画廊中的艺术作品的深入研究和讨论，然后是对教育工作室的幕后访问，在那里学生们创建一个相关的艺术项目)”；MuseumMakers:ExploringArtandMuseums部分“Itgivesupper-levelhighschoolstudentsthetoolstoexperience,understandandexplainart.(它为高中高年级学生提供了体验、理解和解释艺术的工具)”以及CreativeWritingintheGalleries部分“Studentswillprovideavoicefortheirpersonalresponsestoartthroughcreativewritingwhilelookingataselectionofartworksinthegalleries.(学生们将通过创意写作来表达他们对艺术的个人反应，同时在画廊里观看精选的艺术品)”可知文章主要介绍了与艺术相关的项目情况，所以文章选自艺术杂志。故选C项。BFromcheckingsocialmediaeveryminutetobeinglostincomputergames,wetendtooverusetechnology.“Formanypeople,amomentwithoutyourphoneorlaptopinsightcanfeellikealifetime,”theDailyMailcommented.AteamfromtheUS-basedcompanyTollFreeForwardingbuiltathree-dimensionalmodeltosniffoutthenegativeeffectstechnologycanhaveonhumanbodiesinlessthan800years.ThecomputermodelcalledMindymaypersuademanypeopletothinktwice.“Spendinghourslookingdownatyourphonestrainsyourneckandthrowsyourspine(脊柱)offbalance,”explainedCalebBacke,ahealthandwellnessexpertintheUS.Then,themusclesinourneckneedtospendextraefforttosupportthehead,makingourbackhunched(驼背的)andneckwide.“Thewayweholdourphonescancausestrainincertainpointsofcontact–causingtextclaw(手机手),”NikolaDjordjevic,aphysicianinSerbia,toldtheteam.Itaffectstheelbowstoo,causingpaininthearm.Scientifically,itiscalledcubitaltunnelsyndrome(肘管综合征).That’swhyMindyhasa90-degreeelbow,andherhandslooklikeshe’salwaysholdingamobilephone.Somepeoplealsocommentedthathumanevolutionmaynotworkthisway.Theybelievethatonlyfeatureswithactualbenefitswouldbekeptthroughouttheyears.Forexample,featuresthatcanincreasetherateofsurvival,insteadofthenegativeimpactoftechnology.However,currenthumanlifestylesstillraiseconcerns.AmodelcalledEmmawasbuiltbyresearchersintheUKin2019toshowhowthewaypeopleworkattheirdeskscouldchangethemin20years.TheresearchteambuiltEmmabasedonthehealthissuesmentionedbyover3,000workersinFrance,GermanyandtheUK.Emma’sbackstaysbent,andherlegsareswollen(肿胀的)duetothetimepeoplespendinfrontofcomputers.Withlittletimespentoutdoorsandinthesun,herskinispale,too.24.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“sniffout”meaninparagraph2?A.Detect. B.Approach. C.Polish. D.Contradict.25.WhatcanwelearnfromthetwomodelsofMindyandEmma?A.TheyarebuiltbythesameUS-basedcompany.B.Theybothhavebentbacksandpaleskinsimilarly.C.Everyonedoesn’tapprovehumanwillevolvethewaylikeMindy.D.Emma’sstrangeelbowisduetoholdingupaphoneforalongtime.26.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthisresearch?A.Negative. B.Indifferent.C.Objective. D.Favorable.27.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.TocomparetwocomputermodelsMindyandEmma.B.Toillustratethereasonsforoverusingphonetechnology.C.Toaddresstheeffectscaused

by

too

much

mobilephone

use.D.Toremindtechnologicaldependencemaychangeourappearance.【答案】24.A25.C26.C27.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了未来人类进化或受电子设备的影响。【24题详析】词义猜测题。根据第一段的最后一句“ThecomputermodelcalledMindymaypersuademanypeopletothinktwice.(名为Mindy的计算机模型可能会说服许多人三思而后行。)”可以推知，Mindy这一模型发现了技术对人体的负面影响。A.Detect.发现；B.Approach.接近；C.Polish.擦亮、提升；D.Contradict.反驳。故sniffout词义与detect接近。故选A项。【25题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Somepeoplealsocommentedthathumanevolutionmaynotworkthisway.Theybelievethatonlyfeatureswithactualbenefitswouldbekeptthroughouttheyears.Forexample,featuresthatcanincreasetherateofsurvival,insteadofthenegativeimpactoftechnology.(一些人还评论说，人类进化可能不会以这种方式进行。他们认为，只有具有实际效益的功能才会保留多年。例如，可以提高生存率的功能，而不是技术的负面影响。)”可知，一些人认为人类的进化不会像模型Mindy提到的那样，他们认为人类会将有益的特征保留，而不是保留技术的负面影响，即并不是所有的人都认为技术会影响人类进化，故C项正确。根据第五段的“AmodelcalledEmmawasbuiltbyresearchersintheUKin2019toshowhowthewaypeopleworkattheirdeskscouldchangethemin20years.(英国研究人员于2019年建立了一个名为Emma的模型，以展示人们在办公桌上的工作方式如何在20年内改变他们。)”可知，Emma不是在美国建立的，所以A项错误；第二段对Mindy的描述没有涉及模型Mindy的肤色，所以B项错误；根据第三段的“That’swhyMindyhasa90-degreeelbow,andherhandslooklikeshe’salwaysholdingamobilephone.(这就是为什么Mindy有一个90度的肘部，她的手看起来总是拿着手机。)”可知，有strangeelbow的是Mindy，而不是Emma，D项偷换主语概念。故选C项。【26题详析】推理判断题。本文作者主要是客观地阐述了一些研究者、媒体和大众的观点和评论。“theDailyMailcommented.”、“...explainedCalebBacke”、“NikolaDjordjevic,...toldtheteam”以及“Somepeoplealsocommentedthat...”等表达方式充分证明了作者对此事的客观态度。故选C项。【27题详析】推理判断题。文章通过介绍两个模型揭示了过度使用先进技术会影响人类的外貌和体型这一现象，阐述了未来人类进化或受电子设备的影响，其目的是提醒我们技术依赖可能会改变我们的外表。故选D项。文章并没有比较Mindy和Emma这两个模型，所以A项错误；文章并没有重点阐述过度使用手机的原因，所以B项错误；文章没有提出消除影响的方法，addresstheeffects表述有误，所以C项错误。故选D项。CPlentyofdays,temperaturesinCalifornia’sMojaveDesertclimbabove120degreesFahrenheit.400silveredglasspanels,fixedintothewesternedgeofthathotdesert,aretheretogenerateheat15timesthatamount.And,ideally,tohelpcooltheplanettoo.MadebythePasadena-basedcompanyHeliogen,each16-square-footheliostat(定日镜)reflectsakilowattofsunlighttothetopofafive-storytower,whereit’sabsorbedbyareceiver.Asthelittleblackheliostatburnswhite,itisover1,800degrees.That’shotenoughtobeginmanufacturingcement(水泥)andotherindustrialproducts—processesthattypicallyrelyonburningfossilfuels—andtopotentiallycutupto10percentofglobalgreenhousegasemissions.HeliogenCEOBillGrosshasdreamedoftakingadvantageofthesunsincethe1973energycrisis,whenhesoldDIYsolarpanels.Thosesaleshelpedputhimthroughcollege.Lastfall,thecompanyfiredupthisfirstarray(阵列).“Itwasabitlikewatchingamoonlanding,”Grosssays.SimilararrayshavebeenusedtomakeelectricityandtastySunChips,andevendrillforoil.Butthosepeakaround1,000degrees,becauseeachheliostathastobeindividuallyadjustedandcanfalloutofrankovertime.WithHeliogen,camerasatthetopofthetowerscanthesky,andimageanalysissoftwarefiguresoutthebestpositionforeachmirror,whichcancircleinlessthan1/160ofadegree.Grosssayssuchefficiencycandeliverheat20percentmorecheaplythanfossilfuelscan.Asproofofconcept,Heliogenhassetupakiln(炉)atthetopofthetowertodirectlyheatlimestone,akeystepinmakingcement.Thisyearthecompanyplanstolinkwithcommercialpartnersthathavethelargeshadowlesslandrequired.Grossisalsobuildingareceiverthatcanhandletemperaturesabove2,700degrees.Thatkindofstrongfirecancreatesynthetichydrogen(合成氢),whichcouldreplaceoil-basedfuels.“Civilizationdependsoncementandsteel—ourroads,travel,everything,”Grosssays.“We’vefoundawaytocleanitup.”28.WhatisthecharacteristicofHeliogen’sheliostat?A.Itcanworkaroundtheclockinhotdesert.B.Itconsistsofover400silveredglasspanels.C.Itstemperaturecanreachover2,700degrees.D.Itreliesonareceivertomakeindustrialproducts.29.HowdoesHeliogen’sheliostattakeeffect?A.Italwayscirclesaroundthesunprecisely.B.Itreducesmuchgreenhousegasemissions.C.Itreplacesnuclearfuelintheindustrialfield.D.Itburnsitselftogeneratesynthetichydrogen.30.WhatcanwelearnfromHeliogenCEOBillGross?A.Hewasexcitedaboutwhathiscompanyhasachieved.B.Hemadeabreakthroughinmanufacturingcementlastfall.C.Hehadnorelatedknowledgebeforethecompanyestablishment.D.Hepromotedthecooperationwithotherpartnersinsolarenergy.31.Whatdoesthelastsentence“We’vefoundawaytocleanitup.”mean?A.Thesolarenergyapplicationtoproducingproductsisapromisingreform.B.Weshouldremovethetraditionalwaysofmanufacturingcementandsteel.C.Morecementandsteelshouldbeproducedtocreateadvancedcivilization.D.Peopleneedtouseoil-basedfuelstomakemorecivilization-relatedproducts.【答案】28.D29.B30.A31.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Heliogen公司在加利福尼亚的莫哈韦沙漠建立的太阳能列阵以及利用其产生的能源制造产品的生产方式。【28题详析】细节理解题。根据第二自然段“MadebythePasadena-basedcompanyHeliogen,each16-square-footheliostat(定日镜)reflectsakilowattofsunlighttothetopofafive-storytower,whereit’sabsorbedbyareceiver.Asthelittleblackheliostatburnswhite,itisover1,800degrees.(由总部位于帕萨迪纳的Heliogen公司制造，每个16平方英尺的定日镜将一千瓦的阳光反射到一座五层楼的塔顶，在那里被接收器吸收。当黑色的小定日镜燃烧成白色时，温度超过了1800度。)”可知，定日镜需要借助于一个接收器来收集能量，从而制造产品。故选D项。【29题详析】细节理解题。根据第二自然段最后一句话“That’shotenoughtobeginmanufacturingcement(水泥)andotherindustrialproducts—processesthattypicallyrelyonburningfossilfuels—andtopotentiallycutupto10percentofglobalgreenhousegasemissions.(这已经足够热了，可以开始制造水泥和其他通常依赖燃烧化石燃料的工业产品，并有可能减少高达10%的全球温室气体排放。)”可知，Heliogen的定日镜有可能减少高达10%的全球温室气体排放。故选B项。【30题详析】推理判断题。根据第三自然段的最后一句话““Itwasabitlikewatchingamoonlanding,”Grosssays.(Gross说：“这有点像观看登月。”)”可知，Gross对公司取得的成绩感到兴奋。故选A项。【31题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段““Civilizationdependsoncementandsteel—ourroads,travel,everything,”Grosssays.“We’vefoundawaytocleanitup.”(Gross说：“文明取决于水泥和钢铁——我们的道路、旅行和一切。”“我们已经找到了清理的方法。”)”可知，“We’vefoundawaytocleanitup.”意味着将太阳能应用于生产产品是一项很有前途的改革。故选A项。DAdamRyan,31,hasworkedatTargetinChristiansburg,Virginia,forthreeyears.“IhavetolivewithmyfamilybecauseIcan’taffordrentonmyown.Idon’thavehealthinsurance.TargethastoldmeIdon’tqualifyfortheirbenefitsbecauseIdon’tgetenoughhours,”saidRyan,whoisalsoanorganizerwithTargetWorkersUnite,anindependentinitiativeofTargetworkers.Hemakes$13anhour,thehourlyminimumwageatTargetsinceJune2022,whichisscheduledtoincreaseto$15anhourbytheendof2023.ButRyanandseveralotherTargetworkerssayTargetiscuttingtheirschedulesanddoublingtheirworkloadasitincreasesminimumwageunderits‘modernizationplan’toincreaseefficiency.Theythinkthatbroaderinfluencesintheretailsector(零售业)areresponsiblefortheirdifficulty–especially,theactionsoftheirhard-chargingrivalAmazon.“They’rerespondingtowhatAmazonisdoing,”Ryanadded.“Theyaretryingtoturnthesestoresintotheirowndistributioncenters,usingbrick-and-mortarstores(实体店).Wehavetobewarehouseworkersandcustomerserviceworkers.”TargetWorkersUniterecentlyreleasedasurveyofmorethan500TargetworkersaroundtheUS,representing382differentstoresin44states.Only12.7%oftheworkerswhorespondedsaidtheycouldsurviveonthewagesfromTargetalone,with56%ofworkerscitingtheyhaveranoutoffoodwhileemployedatTarget,and12.8%ofworkersreportedexperiencinghomelessness.ThesurveyalsoprovidessomeinsightintoTarget’soppositiontoworkersorganizing.Manyworkerssurveyedreporttheyhavebeenscoldedbymanagementfordiscussingworkplaceissuesinthestoreoronsocialmedia.AsTargetworkersreportstrugglingtomakeendsmeetwhileexperiencingcutstotheirschedules,lossofbenefits,andincreasedworkloads,Targetreportedrecordshareprices(股价)attheendof2022,consistentlybeatingpredictionsofsalesandprofitsin2022andfindingabalancebetweenphysicalstoresanddigitalcommerce.Theretailchainisrankedtheeighth-largestretailcorporationintheUSbasedonsales.Targetispreparingfortheargumentsagainsttheworkers’survey’sfindingandclaimsfromworkersoverworkingconditionsandschedulecuts.32.WhatcanweknowfromthemodernizationplanofTarget?A.Ithasnotreceivedwidespreadsupportfromemployees.B.Itmeanslessworkhourswhichcanbenefitbothparties.C.Onlyafewemployeescanbelaidoffwhenitisineffect.D.Newemployeessuffermoreforlackofmuchexperience.33.WhatdoesthesurveybyTargetWorkersUniteindicate?A.Halfworkerscouldnotfindenoughfoodtoliveon.B.Workers’livingconditionswereactuallynotoptimistic.C.Targetworkersbegantorealizethattheyhadbeencheated.D.Itwasinhumantomakesomeemployeestransfertheirpositions.34.Whatmessagedoesthispassageconveytoreaders?A.Targettriedtostrugglefortheirworkers’benefitsandwelfare.B.Targetconductedthemodernizationplan,butfailedintheend.C.Targetraisedmuchmoneytocopewithworkers’financialproblems.D.Targetraisedwages,butwithlessworkinghoursandmoreworkload.35.Whatmightthefollowingparagraphtalkabout?A.Targetdropstheplanbecauseofworkers’claims.B.DetailsofhowTargetdefendsitselfarepresented.C.ThewriterexplainswhyTargetachievedasuccess.D.Amazonencounterssimilarproblemsfromworkers.【答案】32.A33.B34.D35.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要描述了美国八大零售商之一的Target公司推行的modernizationplan以及员工相对应的反应，揭露了Target劳资矛盾的问题。【32题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“ButRyanandseveralotherTargetworkerssayTargetiscuttingtheirschedulesanddoublingtheirworkloadasitincreasesminimumwageunderits‘modernizationplan’toincreaseefficiency.(但瑞安和塔吉特其他几名员工表示，塔吉特正在缩短工作时间，并将工作量增加一倍，因为该公司根据提高效率的“现代化计划”提高了最低工资标准。)”和下文的调查结论“TargetWorkersUniterecentlyreleasedasurveyofmorethan500TargetworkersaroundtheUS,representing382differentstoresin44states.Only12.7%oftheworkerswhorespondedsaidtheycouldsurviveonthewagesfromTargetalone,with56%ofworkerscitingtheyhaveranoutoffoodwhileemployedatTarget,and12.8%ofworkersreportedexperiencinghomelessness.(TargetWorkersUnite最近发布了一项针对Target全美500多名员工的调查，调查对象包括44个州的382家不同商店。仅有12.7%的受访工人表示，仅靠塔吉特的工资就能生存，56%的受访工人表示，他们在塔吉特工作期间食物短缺，12.8%的受访工人表示无家可归。)”以及第一段提到的“IhavetolivewithmyfamilybecauseIcan’taffordrentonmyown.Idon’thavehealthinsurance(我必须和家人住在一起，因为我自己付不起房租。我没有医疗保险)”Ryan对自己当前工资状况不满可知，Target公司正在削减员工的工作，并将工作量增加一倍的themodernizationplan并不深得人心，故选A项。【33题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Only12.7%oftheworkerswhorespondedsaidtheycouldsurviveonthewagesfromTargetalone,with56%ofworkerscitingtheyhaveranoutoffoodwhileemployedatTarget,and12.8%ofworkersreportedexperiencinghomelessness.(仅有12.7%的受访工人表示，仅靠塔吉特的工资就能生存，56%的受访工人表示，他们在塔吉特工作期间食物短缺，12.8%的受访工人表示无家可归。)”提及的数据显示，只有12.7%的工人表示他们可以靠Target公司的工资生存，56%的工人称他们在Target公司工作期间没有食物，12.8%的工人报告无家可归。由此可知，被调查者的生存状况不容乐观，故选B项。【34题详析】主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了Target公司推行的modernizationplan以及员工相对应的反应。在这个计划的执行过程中，劳资双方的矛盾在于工资、劳动时间和工作量三个方面，故选D项。【35题详析】推理判断题。根据文章的最后一句话“Targetispreparingfortheargumentsagainsttheworkers’survey’sfindingandclaimsfromworkersoverworkingconditionsandschedulecuts.(Target公司反对员工组织的调查结果和工人对工作条件和时间表削减的诉求）”，再结合最后一段提及的Target公司现在的股价和在美国的市场地位可以推论，Target公司会提出更多反驳的理由，故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoMakeYourHolidayWonderfulDon’twanttospendaholidayalonefeelingblue?___36___1.Don’tForceCheerAtfamilygatherings,whenyourrelativesmakesomeuntruthfulcompliments(赞美),youwillprobablytrytoforceasmile.___37___Buta2011studybyresearchersatMichiganStateUniversitymightmakeyouthinktwice.Theyfolloweddozensofbusdriversfortwoweeks,lookingtoseewhentheyforceahappyfaceattheirpassengers.Theresultsshowedthatondayswhenthedriverstriedtopretendtohaveagoodmood,theiractualmoodsgotworse.2.Don’tSuppress(压制)SadnessTheresultsofthebus-driverstudycanbeexplainedbyresearchersfromStanfordUniversity,whofoundthatnegativefeelingslikesadnessorangeronlyworsenwhenwetrytosuppressthem.___38___Expressingoursadnesscanhelpusgetcomfortandcompassionfromthosewhocareaboutus.Bycontrast,suppressingouremotionscanactuallyharmourrelationships.3.RespondMindfully___39___Whenyourespondmindfullytoanemotionaltrigger(诱因),youpauseratherthanreacting.Insteadofblamingyourself,yousimplynoticewhatyou’refeelingwithoutjudgingthatresponseasrightorwrong.Studiessuggestthatamindfulresponsetoanegativeeventreducestheamountofnegativeemotionsweexperience.___40___Inevitably,theholidayswillbringamixofhighsandlows.Perhapsthemostimportantlessontokeepinmindisthatthisvarietyofemotionsmightbethebestthingpossibleforyouroverallwell-being.A.Asmilemightseemlikethemostmatureresponse.B.Andmindfulnessisaskillyoucandevelopovertime.C.Sotryingtohidetheirfeelingsseemstoleadtoanoppositeresult.D.Psychologicalresearchsuggestssomeeffectivewaystohelpbeattheholidayblues.E.Instead,ifproperlyunderstood,theycanhelpcontributetoahealthyandhappylife.F.Recently,scientistshavebeenpayingspecialattentiontothebenefitsofmindfulness.G.That’sbecausewefeelworsewhenwetrytocontrolandhideournegativeinnerfeelings.【答案】36.D37.A38.G39.F40.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何让假期过得更美好的一些建议。【36题详析】分析文章结构可知，本文是总分总结构。根据上文“Don’twanttospendaholidayalonefeelingblue?(不想独自度过一个心情忧郁的假期吗？)”可知，上文向读者发问。结合下文的小标题可知，空出承上启下。所以心理学研究提供了一些有效的方法来战胜假日忧郁。D项“Psychologicalresearchsuggestssomeeffectivewaystohelpbeattheholidayblues.(心理学研究提出了一些有效的方法来帮助克服节日的忧郁情绪。)”符合文意，故选D项。【37题详析】根据本段小标题“Don’tForceCheer(不要强求喝彩)”可知，本段主要讲述不要强求喝彩。根据上文“Atfamilygatherings,whenyourrelativesmakesomeuntruthfulcompliments(赞美),youwillprobablytrytoforceasmile.(在家庭聚会上，当你的亲戚做出一些不真实的赞美时，你可能会试图强迫自己微笑。)”可知，本句引出“微笑”。A项“Asmilemightseemlikethemostmatureresponse.(微笑似乎是最成熟的回应。)”跟前句之间是顺承关系。故选A项。【38题详析】根据本段小标题“Don’tSuppress(压制)Sadness(不要压抑悲伤)”可知，本段主要讲述不要压抑悲伤。根据上文“Theresultsofthebus-driverstudycanbeexplainedbyresearchersfromStanfordUniversity,whofoundthatnegativefeelingslikesadnessorangeronlyworsenwhenwetrytosuppressthem.(斯坦福大学的研究人员可以解释公交车司机研究的结果，他们发现悲伤或愤怒等负面情绪只会在我们试图抑制它们时恶化。)”讲到当我们试图抑制悲伤或愤怒等负面情绪时，它们只会变得更糟。G项“That’sbecausewefeelworsewhenwetrytocontrolandhideournegativeinnerfeelings.(这是因为当我们试图控制和隐藏内心的负面情绪时，我们会感觉更糟。)”分析原因，前后句子之间属于因果关系。干扰项C，前后句之间人称是矛盾的。故选G项。【39题详析】这一空位于这一小节段首，是统领这一小节的主题句。F项“Recently,scientistshavebeenpayingspecialattentiontothebenefitsofmindfulness.(最近，科学家们特别关注正念的好处。)”中的thebenefitsofmindfulness与副标题RespondMindfully对应。故选F项。【40题详析】空格处位于段末。根据上文“Studiessuggestthatamindfulresponsetoanegativeeventreducestheamountofnegativeemotionsweexperience.(研究表明，对负面事件的专注反应会减少我们经历的负面情绪。)”可知，上文讲了正念的好处。B项“Andmindfulnessisaskillyoucandevelopovertime.(正念是一种你可以随着时间的推移而发展的技能。)”与上文构成并列关系，故选B项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。CruzGenet,11,andAnthonySkopick,10,couldn’tagree.Werethebirdsoutontheiceducksorgeese?Therewasonlyonewaytofindout.SoonachillyJanuaryevening,thetwofriendsventured(冒险)ontothe___41___pondneartheirhomesinFrankfort,Illinois,togetabetterlook.Firsttheythrewarockontotheiceto___42___it.CruztoldNBC5Chicago.“Thenwesteppedonit.”___43___theicewouldholdtheirweight,Anthonytookafewsteps.Thenhecrashedthroughthe___44___frozensurface.“Therewasnosound,nocrack.”hetoldNBC5Chicago.“Ijustfellthroughinstantly.”Cruzrushedtohelphis___45___friend.However,thepond___46___himtoo.Cruzmanagedtolifthimselfoutoftheextremelycoldwaterandontoamore___47___section.Hethen___48___workedhiswaytowardAnthony.Buttheicedidn’thold,andhefellinagain.Thistime,hecouldn’tgetout.Theboyswereuptotheirnecksinicywaterandquicklylosingfeelingintheirlimbs.Anychanceoftheirfreeingthemselveswas___49___.Cruzwassurehewasgoingtodie.Anthony’soldersisterhadseentheboysfallthroughtheiceandstarted____50____forhelp.JohnLavin,aneighbordrivingnearbyonhiswaytothegrocerystore,heardher.Hequickly____51____.Seeingtheboys,he____52____anearbybuoy(救生圈),kickedoffhisshoes,andranintothewater.LavinmadehiswaytoCruzandAnthonyandpulledthembacktoland.Theyweretakentothehospital,wheredoctorsdiscoveredthattheirfive-minutestayinthewaterhad____53____theirbodytemperaturenearlytendegrees.Fortunately,theboyshavefully____54____,thoughtheyarestillalittleamazedbytheir____55____neighbor.“Justtothink,”saysCruz,“ifhewerenotthere,Icouldhavedied.”41.A.calm B.frozen C.bitter D.tough42.A.bury B.test C.spread D.dig43.A.Confused B.Amazed C.Convinced D.Annoyed44.A.seemingly B.appropriately C.alternatively D.constantly45.A.optimistic B.hesitant C.panicked D.tolerant46.A.shifted B.swallowed C.struck D.swept47.A.flat B.smooth C.rough D.solid48.A.cautiously B.ultimately C.passively D.greedily49.A.puttingaway B.slippingaway C.takingaway D.breakingaway50.A.waving B.jumping C.screaming D.running51.A.pulledover B.knockedover C.tookover D.lookedover52.A.extended B.grabbed C.polished D.covered53.A.lowered B.affected C.monitored D.examined54.A.relieved B.restricted C.released D.recovered55.A.careless B.worthless C.helpless D.fearless【答案】41.B42.B43.C44.A45.C46.B47.D48.A49.B50.C51.A52.B53.A54.D55.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了两个小孩为了看清结冰的池塘面上是一只鸭还是一只鹅，决定冒险走上去一探究竟。然而由于高估了冰的承受力，他们先后遇险，命悬一线。幸运的是，勇敢的邻居听到了姐姐的呼喊，成功地救下了两个孩子并及时送往医院救治。【41题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，在一个寒冷的一月晚上，这两个朋友冒险来到他们位于伊利诺伊州法兰克福的家附近的结冰池塘，以便更好地观察。A.calm冷静的；B.frozen冻僵的；C.bitter痛苦的；D.tough困难的。从下文“threwarockontotheice”可知，这个池塘是结冰的。故选B。【42题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先他们把一块石头扔到冰上进行测试。A.bury掩埋；B.test测试；C.spread蔓延；D.dig挖。根据“theythrewarockontotheice”和常识可知，扔一块石头到池塘上是为了测试冰的结实度。故选test。故选B。【43题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：安东尼确信冰块能承受住他们的重量，于是走了几步。A.Confused困惑的；B.Amazed惊讶的；C.Convinced确信的；D.Annoyed厌烦的。根据下文“Anthonytookafewsteps”可知，在确定冰可以承受他们的重量时，其中一个小男孩Anthony走了几步。故选C。【44题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，他撞穿了看似结冰的表面。A.seemingly看似；表面上；B.appropriately恰当地；C.alternatively或者；要不；D.constantly持续地。从下文“Ijustfellthroughinstantly”可知，冰面并不结实，池塘只是看起来是冻结实的。故选A。【45题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：克鲁兹赶紧去帮助惊慌失措的朋友。A.optimistic乐观的；B.hesitant犹豫的；C.panicked恐慌的；D.tolerant容忍的。根据语境，面对这一突发事件，Anthony当时一定非常惊恐。故选C。【46题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，池塘也吞噬了他。A.shifted转换；B.swallowed吞下；C.struck打击；D.swept打扫。根据“However”可知，他并没有救成功，反而池塘也吞噬了他。故选B。【47题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：克鲁兹设法把自己从极冷的水中抬了出来，爬到了一个更坚固的部分。A.flat平的；B.smooth顺利的；C.rough粗糙的；D.solid坚固的。根据语境可知，Cruz并没有放弃，成功地从水里出来并把自己移到了一块相对稳固的地方，这样才不会再一次从冰面上掉下去。故选D。【48题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后他小心翼翼地走向安东尼。A.cautiously小心地；B.ultimately最后；C.passively被动地；D.greedily贪婪地。结合上文提到冰面不结实可知，这一次他非常小心谨慎。故选A。【49题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们重获自由的任何机会都在悄悄溜走。A.puttingaway把……收起来；B.slippingaway滑走；C.takingaway拿走；D.breakingaway脱离。从上文“Buttheicedidn’thold,andhefellinagain.Thistime,hecouldn’tgetout.”可知，他们生存的机会已经悄悄溜走了，也就是机会很小。故选B。【50题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：安东尼的姐姐看到男孩们从冰里掉了下来，开始大声呼救。A.waving挥手；B.jumping跳；C.screaming尖叫；D.running跑。从下文“JohnLavin,aneighbordrivingnearbyonhiswaytothegrocerystore,heardher.”可知，当安东尼的姐姐看到弟弟掉进池塘里，她就拼命喊叫求救，最终被邻居听到了。故选C。【51题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他迅速把车停在路边。A.pulledover靠边停车；B.knockedover撞倒；C.tookover接管；D.lookedover浏览。根据上文“JohnLavin,aneighbordrivingnearbyonhiswaytothegrocerystore,heardher.”可知，JohnLavin当时正在路上开车，听到救命声，立刻把车靠边停下。故选A。【52题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到这些男孩，他抓起附近的一个浮标，踢掉鞋子，跑进了水里。A.extended延申；B.grabbed抓；C.polished擦亮；D.covered覆盖。根据“anearbybuoy(救生圈)”并结合常识可知，看到这两个落水的小男孩，他立刻抓起了附近的救生圈。故选B。【53题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们被送往医院，医生发现他们在水中呆了五分钟，体温下降了近十度。A.lowered下降；B.affected影响；C.monitored监视；D.examined检查。根据上文“theirfive-minutestayinthewater”推知，小男孩们在水里待了五分钟让他们的体温下降了10度。故选A。【54题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，男孩们已经完全康复，尽管他们仍然对无所畏惧的邻居感到有点惊讶。A.relieved放松；B.restricted限制；C.released释放；D.recovered恢复。根据上文“Fortunately”可知，两个小孩最终完全康复了。故选D。【55题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.careless粗心的；B.worthless无价值的；C.helpless无助的；D.fearless无畏的。根据下文“ifhew