高中物理《高中全程学习方略》2025版必修第二册训练案课时过程性评价必修第三册Unit 6 Part 2　Using language

高中物理《高中全程学习方略》2025版必修第二册训练案课时过程性评价必修第三册Unit6Disasterandhope灾难与希望Part2Usinglanguage省略(Ellipsis)【自主探究】观察以下课文原句并思考黑体部分的功能与构成1.It’sjusttypicalthatmyjourneyisononeoftheoldestlines,aswellasoneofthedeepest.2.Myofficeisonlyonthethirdfloorofthebuilding,soquitelow.3.It’slovelyatthebeach,butnotsowhenyou’rewearingasuitandinacrowdofpassengers!4.Yes,eachsummerinLondondefinitelyseemshotterthanthelast.[归纳填空]为了避免重复、保持语言的简洁,英语中也会出现省略现象。如:句1中deepest后省略了lines;句2中so后省略了itis;

句3中but后省略了itis;

句4中last后省略了summer。【精要点拨】一、省略的定义省略是一种避免重复、保持句子简洁的语法现象。凡是缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分,在一定语境中能够独立存在,意义明确,并且能发挥交际功能的句子就是省略句。二、省略的用法1.简单句中的省略(1)省略主语*(You)Takecare.当心。(2)省略谓语或谓语的一部分*(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Whateverthemistake(is),rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.无论是什么样的错误,记住它不是你性格中固定的一部分。(3)省略表语*Heisaloverofsportsashewas(aloverofsports)inhisyouth.他像年轻时一样,是一位运动爱好者。(4)省略宾语或作宾语的不定式短语*—DoyouknowMrLi?你认识李先生吗?—Idon’tknow(him).我不认识他。(5)有时会同时省略几种成分*—Haveyoufinishedyourworkyet?你已经完成你的工作了吗?—No,(Ihave)not(finishedmywork)yet.还没呢。(6)感叹句依据上下文的省略*Howhot(itis)!好热啊!*Whatabeautifulgirl(sheis)!多么漂亮的女孩啊!(7)省略名词所有格中后面的名词*Youhavetowaitabouttwohoursatthedoctor’s(waitingroom).你不得不在医生的候诊室等大约两小时。(8)省略介词*Theyhadnodifficulty(in)findinghishome.他们毫不费力地找到了他的家。【名师点津】常见的省略介词的词组有:haveahardtime(in)doing、wastetime(in)doing、bebusy(in)doing、prevent/stop/keepsb.(from)doing、there’snopoint/sense(in)doing【即学活用】补全下列句子中省略的内容(1)(You)Openthedoor,please.请打开门。(2)(Isthere)Anythingelse?

还有别的吗?(3)—Areyoufeelingbetternow?你现在觉得好些了吗?—(Iamfeeling)Muchbetter(now).

好多了。(4)—Shallwegotoseeanartexhibitionthisweekend?我们这周末去看画展怎么样?—(It)Soundsagoodidea.听起来是个好主意。2.并列句中的省略一般说来,在后一并列句中凡是与上文相同的成分通常都可以省略。*Johnwouldattendthemusicclassontheweekendbuthisbrotherwouldnot(attendthemusicclass).约翰周末要上音乐课,但是他的弟弟不上。*Youradvicemademehappybut(youradvicemade)Tomangry.你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。【即学活用】补全下列句子中所省略的部分(1)Iaskedhimtoseethefilm,buthedidn’twantto(seethefilm).

我叫他去看电影,但他不想去。(2)Jackwillsingattheparty,butLucywon’t(singattheparty).

杰克将要在聚会上唱歌,但露西不唱。(3)Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhimnotto(ridehisbicycleinthestreet).

那个男孩想在大街上骑自行车,但他的妈妈不让。3.复合句中的省略(1)定语从句如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语,这个关系代词可以省略。*Iamveryfondofthenewdress(that/which)youboughtforme.我非常喜欢你给我买的这条新裙子。*Theway(that)heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.他向我们解释的方法很简单。(2)状语从句当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且状语从句中含有be动词时,省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。*While(Iwas)walkingalongtheriverbank,Isawahugestrangecreatureintheriver.当沿着河岸走的时候,我看见河中有一个巨大的奇怪生物。*Unless(Iam)invited,Iwon’tattendhisweddingceremony.除非我被邀请,否则我不会参加他的婚礼。(3)宾语从句在宾语从句中可省略连接词that。*I’msure(that)you’llsucceedsoonerorlater.我相信你早晚会成功的。*Weallknow(that)lighttravelsfasterthansound.我们都知道光的速度比声音的速度快。【名师点津】宾语从句中的that通常可以省略,但下列情况不能省略:①it作形式宾语代替that引导的宾语从句时*Theywanttomakeitcleartothepublicthattheydoanimportantjob.他们想让公众清楚他们做的是一件重要的工作。②两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时,第一个that可以省略,但后面的不能省略。*Thereportshows(that)wehavemadesomeprogress,butthatweneedtomakegreaterefforts.报告表明,我们已经取得了一些进步,但是我们需要作出更大的努力。(4)省略一个从句或从句中的一部分,用so或not代替*—Ishecomingbacktonight?他今晚回来吗?—Ithinkso.(=Ithinkheiscomingbacktonight.)我想是的。*—Ishefeelingbettertoday?他今天感觉好点了吗?—I’mafraidnot.(=I’mafraidheisnotfeelingbettertoday.)恐怕没有。4.虚拟语气中的省略(1)虚拟条件句常省略if,而将were、had、should提前构成部分倒装。*Hadyoucomehereyesterday,youcouldhavemether.如果你昨天来这里的话,你就会见到她了。(2)在一坚持(insist)、二命令(order、command)、三建议(suggest、propose、advise)、四要求(demand、require、request、ask)等后的宾语从句中,含这些词的派生词的其他主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句,以及Itisstrange/natural/necessary/importantthat...从句中常省略should。*Itissuggestedthatwe(should)studyhardduringourschooldays.人们建议我们在学生时代要好好学习。*Weinsistedthatourparents(should)respectchildren’sprivacy.我们坚持父母应该尊重孩子的隐私。5.动词不定式的省略(1)有些动词(词组),如want、wish、expect、hope、wouldlike、try、forget等后面的不定式作宾语时,为了避免重复,可以省略动词只保留到to,但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有系动词be和助动词have,这些动词就要保留。*Don’ttellmethenameofyourfriendifyoudon’twantto.如果你不愿意,就不要告诉我你朋友的名字。*I’mverysorrytohavehurtyou,butIdidn’tmeanto.非常对不起,我伤害了你,可我不是故意的。*—Haveyoueverbeentotheseaside?你去过海边了吗?—No,Ican’taffordto.没有,我支付不起。(2)两个或两个以上的不定式并列时,第一个带to,后面可以省去to;但如果两个不定式表示对比关系时,则to不可省略。*Hewishestogotocollegeand(to)receivehighereducation.他想上大学,接受更高等的教育。*Itiseasiertosaythantodo.说比做更容易。(3)感官动词(词组)如see、lookat、hear、listento、notice、watch等和使役动词如make、let、have等的后面作宾语补足语的不定式要省略to;但此类动词的被动语态中的to不可省略。*Isawhimentertheroomjustnow.→Hewasseentoentertheroomjustnow.我看见他刚刚进了房间。(4)介词but/except/besides前面若有动词do时,后面不定式的to通常省略。*Hedidnothingbutwait.除了等,他什么都没做。*Allhecoulddowasnothingbutkeepsilent.他所能做的只有保持沉默。【即学活用】用下划线标出下列句子中可以省略的部分(1)Unlessitisnecessary,you’dbetternotrefertothedictionary.

如果没有必要,你最好不要查词典。(2)Herfathertoldhertobecarefulwhenshewascrossingthestreet.

她的父亲告诉她过马路时要小心。(3)Shewasmoreangrythanshewasfrightened.

与其说她害怕,不如说她生气。(4)Youaregettingslimmerthanyouwerebefore.

你比原来苗条多了。(5)Ordercamethatweshouldleavetheaccidentspot.命令来了,要我们离开事故地点。Activity1TypesofnaturaldisastersⅠ.话题词汇1.typhoon台风2.severeflood 严重的水灾3.deadlyforestfire 致命的森林火灾4.avalanche 雪崩5.blizzard 暴风雪6.tsunami 海啸7.extremelylowtemperature 极低的温度8.foodcrisis 粮食危机9.strongwind 大风10.hit/strike 袭击11.claimmanylives 使许多人丧生12.sufferanearthquake 遭受地震13.threatenone’slivelihood 威胁某人的生计Ⅱ.话题情境选择恰当的选项完成对话。自然科学课上,Lily正与George一起谈论自然灾害的危害。Lily:George,itissoincrediblethattherehavebeensomanynaturaldisastersinhistory!George:Soitis.1.B

Lily:Thereisnodoubtthatdisastersarecruel.2.C

George:Itissuchapitythatpeoplelosetheirlivesinthenaturaldisasters.3.A

Lily:Ofcourse!Althoughwehumanbeingsaretinywhencomparedwiththenature,wecanstillmakeeffortstoprotectourbeautifulhome.George:Whatcanwedo?Lily:Weshouldbealertwhentheanimalsbehavestrangely.4.D

A.However,can’twefindsomewaystoprotectourselveswhennaturaldisastersapproach?B.Eachonehasaffectedpeople’slivesandpropertytosomeextent.C.Forexample,aseverefloodcausedbyhugetidalwavesmaymakeupto300,000peoplelosetheirlives.D.Inaddition,itisnecessaryforustolearnsomesafetytipstoprotectourselves.Activity2ExtremeweatherconditionsⅠ.情境句式1.It’sreportedthat... 据报道……2.Anearthquakehit...,causing... 一场地震袭击了……,造成……3.Thetemperaturewillstay... 温度将保持在……4.You’dbetter... 你最好……5.Itwilltakealongtimebefore... 要过好长时间才会……6.Itledto...andthreatened... 它导致了……并威胁到……7.Whateveryouaredoing,besureto... 无论你在做什么,一定要……8.The...havelasted... ……已经持续了……9.Themostseriouseffectis... 最严重的影响是……10.I’dreallyappreciateitifyouwould... 如果你能……我将不胜感激Ⅱ.教材听力填空以下是几个城市的天气预报。GoodmorningUSA,andwelcometotoday’sweatherreportforMondayApril3.Asweallknow,thisyear,2080hassofarhadalotofextreme1.weather.Getreadyforalotmore!Firstlet’slookatAnchorage,wherethereissomeunusuallycoldweatherforthistimeofyear.Be2.suretowearwarmclothes—you’regoingtoneedthemifyoudohavetogooutside!We’regoingtoseesomeheavysnowoverthenextweek,withtemperaturesstayingaround-153.degrees.IncontrasttoAnchorage,residentsofPhoenixaregoingtoexperienceanotherkindofextremeweather.Theyareabouttobehitbytemperaturesofupto...wow,52degrees!That’sprobablyhotenoughtofrymeatontheroad!Seriously,though,4.drinklotsofwaterandtrytostaycool.Besuretoget5.medicalattentionifyouorothershavesymptomsofheatstroke.InHouston,temperatureswillstayaround30degrees.WeallknowthatthistimeofyearishurricaneseasonneartheGulfofMexico,andthereisabigonecomingourwayacrosstheAtlantic.Besuretostaysafeindoorsandlistenoutforthelatest6.forecasts.Temperaturesaregoingtostayaround13degreesinWashington,DC.Butthereisyetmorerainexpected.That’s14daysofraininarowforthecity.Someadviceforeveryonethere—donottrytodrivethroughfloodwaters!Andifyoumust7.driveintherain,driveslowlyandsteadily.InSanFrancisco,temperatureswillbemoderatearound25degrees.However,thisiscombinedwiththedryCaliforniaclimateandastrongwindforceof8.Thisisnotgoodnewsatallforthe8.firefighterstryingtocontrolthewildfiresoutsidethecity.Weareallthinkingaboutpeopletherewhohavelosttheirhomesandbelongings.Ifyouwanttohelp,pleaselistenfordetailsabouthowtomakeadonationafterthisreport.Unit6Disasterandhope灾难与希望Part3DevelopingideasⅠ.词块记单词1.forecastarecoveryintheeconomy 预测经济复苏2.grabthechance 抓住这个机会3.averyviolenttyphoon 超强台风4.claimthreelives 夺去三人的生命5.aneconomiccrisis 经济危机6.ascientificsatellite 科学卫星7.onebilliondollars 十亿美元8.waitquietlywithhishandsonhislap 双手放在大腿上静静地等候9.nowhereformetosit 对我来说无处可坐10.asblackasmidnight 漆黑的11.thecountyofKent 肯特郡12.amanofproperty 有资产的人Ⅱ.单词变形记1.relyvi.依赖;依靠→reliableadj.可靠的,可信赖的→unreliableadj.不可靠的→reliabilityn.可靠性2.rescuev.&n.营救,救助→rescuern.救助者3.exceptionaladj.杰出的,非凡的;例外的→exceptionallyadv.例外地,异常地,特殊地;极其,非常4.threatn.威胁;征兆→threatenv.恐吓;对……构成威胁,危及5.preciseadj.清晰的;精确的;正规的;精密的→preciselyadv.精确地;恰好地;严谨地,严格地;一丝不苟地6.sufficientadj.足够的;充足的;充分的→sufficientlyadv.足够地,充分地;十分,相当Ⅲ.互译记短语1.flyoff飞走

2.allofasudden 突然;猛地

3.comedown 落下;降落

4.turninto 变成

5.intheopenair 在户外

6.lookup 向上看

7.moveon 前进8.blowaway 吹走9.haveyetto 还没有10.upanddown 上上下下;来来往往11.aseverefoodcrisis 一次严重的粮食危机Ⅳ.翻译悟句式1.Consistingof62people,itnotonlyincludedrescuersandmedicalstaff,butalsoincludedearthquakeexperts.(notonly...butalso...)译文:由62人组成,它不但包括救援人员和医疗队员,还包括地震专家。2.Iwassittinginmyroomwithmycat,Smartie,onmylap,whentheroofjustflewoff.(bedoing...when...)译文:我正坐在房间里,我的猫斯玛蒂趴在我的大腿上,这时屋顶飞走了。3.ButMomsaidthatwhateverhappens,weshouldalwaystrytoseethegoodsideofthings.(whatever引导让步状语从句)译文:但是妈妈说,无论发生什么,我们都应该总是努力看到事情好的一面。4.Onhearingthenews,Chinawasquicktostartorganisingemergencyaid.(ondoing...引导时间状语从句)译文:一听到这个消息,中国就迅速开始组织紧急救援。5.Hehaddisappearedthemomentthestormhit.(themoment引导时间状语从句)译文:风暴袭来的那一刻它就消失了。6.Althoughitwasonlyafewdaysbeforewewererescued,itfeltlikemonths.(before引导时间状语从句)译文:虽然过了几天我们就被救了,但感觉就像好几个月一样。Task1语篇宏观建构1.What’syourunderstandingofthetitle?Peopleusuallyusestarsintheskytopresentbeautyandtheguidinglight.Sometimespeoplealsousestarstorepresentlove.Butinthistext,thewriterusesstarstopresenthopeforthefuture.“Starsafterthestorm”refersto“Hopeafterthenaturaldisaster”.

2.Completetheformbelow.Theauthororganisesthepassageintheorderof(1)time.Paras.1—2Whattheauthor’sfamilyexperienced(2)duringthehurricane.Paras.3—4Theirlivingconditionright(3)afterthehurricane.Para.5Theywere(4)rescuedandresettled.Para.6Theywerebackhomewith(5)hopeoneyearlater.Task2文本微观探究Choosethebestanswer.1.Whydidtheauthorfeelfrightened?A.Thehurricanewassuddenandfierce.B.Thehurricanecouldflyofftheroof.C.Theroofwasbrokenandblownaway.D.Theskywasdarkandhorrible.2.Whatdidtheauthorfeelafterthestorm?A.Shocked.B.Worried.C.Amazed.D.Pleased.3.Whatgavetheauthorsomehope?A.Whathismothersaid.B.Thesky’slight.C.Hismotherandlight.D.Thegoodsideofthings.4.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheauthor’smother?A.Hopelessandweak.B.Positiveandcalm.C.Humorousandshy.D.Bad-temperedandchildish.5.Whatcanweinferfromtheauthor’swords“Althoughitwasonlyafewdaysbeforewewererescued,itfeltlikemonths.”?A.Theywereupsetforlosingtheirhouse.B.Theywouldremembertheexperience.C.Theylikedlivingintheopenair.D.Theyweretoughinthedifficultsituation.答案:1~5.ABDBDTask3主题总结表达IwassittinginmyroomwithmycatSmartie1.whenthehurricanetookplace.Theroofflewoffso2.suddenly(sudden)thatIfeltfrightened.Itrainedheavily,andthestreet3.turned(turn)intoariver.4.Living(live)inaroomwithoutaroofwasdangerous,butwehadnowheretogo.Tomakethings5.worse(bad),therewasnotenough6.drinking(drink)water,andSmartiedisappeared.Atmidnight,welayunderthemidnightskyandlookedup7.atthestars.Althoughwehadnothing,momentslikethosegaveushopeforthefuture.Afterwe8.wererescued(rescue),Smartiecameback,too.Nowwearerebuildingourhometowntogetherandnevergiveuphope,withthebeautyofthestars9.inspiring(inspire)usandmakingus10.confident(confidence)tomoveon.

Task4写作特色品鉴象征手法的巧妙运用Irememberusalllyingunderthemidnightskyandlookingupatthestars.Becausetherewerenolights,wecouldseetheBigDeeper,theLittleDeeperandtheMilkyWay.Itwasamazing!Eventhoughwehadlostalot,momentslikethosegaveushopeforthefuture.解析:在这句话中,作者用夜空中的星星象征着对未来的希望。虽然飓风使我们失去了一切,我们的天空一片黑暗,但我们仍能看到点点繁星,希望还在。同时这几句话也表明了作者对待生活持有积极乐观的态度。Task5思维品质升华1.Whatsortofattitudetolifeisreflectedintheauthor’sexperienceoflookingatthenightsky?Itreflectsapositiveattitudetoward(s)thehardshipsinlife.Starsinthenightskystandforthehopethatgivesthemtheconfidencetomoveonandrebuildtheirhomesandlives.

2.Whatdoyouthinkcouldbedonetohelpthelocalpeoplerebuildtheirhomes?(1)Raisemoneyforthemtorebuildtheirhomes.

(2)Writeletterstoencouragethem.

(3)Dosomephysicalworkforthemifpossible.

(4)Postnecessarymaterialstothem.

(5)Ifeveryonededicatesalittlelovetoothers,theworldwillbecomethewonderfulplace.

1.reliableadj.可信赖的;可靠的(教材原句)So,foraccurateandreliablepredictions,it’sbesttocheckanofficial,scientificreport.所以,为了准确可靠的预测,最好是核实官方的科学报告。Itwouldbebettertorelyonourselvesthanonothers.与其求人,不如求己。Youcanrelyonitthathecanlendyouahandwheneverit’snecessary.你可以相信在任何必要的时候,他都会向你伸出援助之手。【核心归纳】(1)unreliable adj.不可靠的(2)rely v.信任;信赖;依赖;依靠relyon/upon 依靠;依赖relyonsb.todosth.=relyonsb.’sdoingsth. 依靠某人做某事relyonitthat...=dependonitthat... 相信……【巧学助记】rely家族Manyparentsfeelsometeachersinthekindergartenarenotreliableandtheycan’trelyonthemtolookaftertheirchildren.Wecan’trelyonitthatakindergartenwhosepurposeistoearnmoneywillbenefityourchildrenalot.很多家长觉得幼儿园的一些老师不值得信赖,他们不能信赖老师们来照顾孩子。我们不能指望一所以赚钱为目的的幼儿园能对你的孩子多好。【即学活用】单句语法填空/完成句子①Johnisveryreliable(rely)—ifhepromisestodosomething,hewilldoit,soyoucanrelyonhimtohelpyouwhenyouareintrouble.②Heroldcarwasunreliable,sothetripwastroubledbybreakdowns.

她的旧车性能不可靠,所以旅途被故障所困扰。③MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.

大多数美国人依靠社交媒体来查看每日新闻头条。④Youcanrelyonitthatshewon’tleaveoutanyimportantinformation.

你可以相信她不会漏掉任何重要的信息。2.rescuev.营救,解救n.营救行动(经典例句)Itwaswiththehelpofthelocalguidethatthemountainclimberwasrescued.就是在当地向导的帮助下,登山者获救了。Luckily,ayoungmancametohisrescueandpulledthedrowningboyoutofthelake.幸运的是,一个年轻人赶来救他,把那个溺水的男孩从湖里拉了上来。(2023·浙江1月高考)Asmycarnearedit,mythoughtsdriftedbacktothemomentwhenIrescuedthehummingbirdfromthespider’sweb.当我的车靠近它时,我的思绪又回到了我从蜘蛛网中救出蜂鸟的那一刻。【核心归纳】rescuesb./sth.from... 把……从……营救出来cometosb.’srescue(=rescuesb.) 营救某人arescueteam 救援队rescueworkers 救援人员rescuer n.救助者【即学活用】单句语法填空/完成句子①Luckily,theboywasrescued(rescue)justminutesbeforethehousefelldown.

②IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescued(rescue)fromstarvationinthewild.③Youcanrelyonitthatwhenweareintrouble,ourgovernmentwillcometoourrescue.

【词汇复现】你可以相信当我们陷入困境的时候,我们的政府会来救我们的。④Thecrowdburstintothunderousapplauseasrescuersrescuedtheburiedchildfromtheruins.

当救援人员把被埋的孩子从废墟中救出时,人群爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。3.claimv.(战争、事故等)夺去(生命);声称(教材原句)Causedbyexceptionallyheavysnowfallwithinashortperiodoftime,theydestroyedbuildingsandforests,andclaimedover256lives.由于短时间内异常严重的降雪,它们摧毁了建筑物和森林,还夺走了至少256条生命。Heclaimstohaveseenaroundblackcreaturemovingquicklythroughthewater.他声称看见一个圆圆的、黑黑的生物在水中快速游动。Atthispoint,noonehadcalledtoclaimthedog,soAnndecidedtokeepit.此时,没人打电话来认领这条狗,因此安决定收养它。Youmaymakeaclaimonthefirmforthedamages.你可以向公司提出赔偿损失的要求。【核心归纳】(1)claimvt.宣称;断言;索取;认领claimtodosth. 宣称去做某事Itisclaimedthat... 宣称……(2)claim n.声明;断言;索款;索赔makeaclaimfor 提出对……的索赔【即学活用】完成句子/翻译句子①Itisclaimedthathumornotonlyaffectspatients’mood,butalsohelpsthemrecoverfaster.

据说,幽默不仅影响病人的情绪,而且还有助于病人更快地恢复健康。②ScientistsclaimedtohavefoundtheevidenceofwateronMars.

科学家声称找到了火星上有水的证据。③Theyhavemadeaclaimforthelosscausedbytheaccident,whichclaimedthelivesofthetwopassengers.

他们已经对这次事故所造成的损失提出了索赔,这次事故造成两名乘客丧生。④TheInternetenablesustoexchangeideaswithmanyotherstocheckourclaims,andtojudgeouractions.互联网可以使我们和其他许多人交流思想,检查我们的主张,判断我们的行为。4.threatenv.威胁到,危及(教材原句)Itledtoaseverefoodcrisisandthreatenedthelivelihoodsofmorethan9.5millionpeople.它导致了一场严重的粮食危机,危及超过950万人的生计。Heeventhreatenedtocalloffthedeal.他甚至威胁要取消这笔交易。Hispresenceisathreattooursuccess.他的出现对我们的成功是一个威胁。【核心归纳】(1)threatensb.with...用……威胁某人threatentodosth. 威胁去做某事(2)threat n.威胁athreattosb./sth. 对某人/某物的威胁underthreat 受到威胁(3)threatening adj.有威胁性的;危险的【名师点津】-en后缀高频动词集锦①weaken削弱 ②shorten缩短③lessen减少 ④sharpen削尖⑤broaden加宽 ⑥lighten减轻⑦threaten恐吓【即学活用】单句语法填空/完成句子①Hisvoicesoundsthreatening(threaten).

②Environmentalexpertspointoutthatincreasingpollutionnotonlyleadstoseriousproblemssuchasglobalwarmingbutalsocouldthreaten(threat)toendhumanlifeonourplanet.③Iftheirhabitatisthreatened(threaten)ortheycannotfindenoughfood,theirnumbersmaydecrease.

④(应用文之环境保护)Onlywhenwelearntoliveinharmonywithnaturewillwenotbeathreattowildlife.

只有当我们学会和自然和谐相处,我们才不会成为野生动植物的威胁。⑤(应用文之环境保护)Indeed,manypartsofthenaturalworldareunderthreat.

实际上,自然界的许多地方都受到威胁。5.otherwiseadv.否则,要不然(教材原句)Therewaswatereverywhere,butwecouldn’tdrinkanyofitotherwisewe’dgetreallysick.到处都是水,但是我们不能喝,否则我们会生病的。(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Levineandhisresearchteamselectedvolunteersagedbetween45and64whodidnotexercisemuchbutwereotherwisehealthy.莱文和他的研究团队选择了年龄在45到64岁之间的志愿者,他们不怎么锻炼,但却很健康。Wewillgettheresomehow,bytrainorotherwise.我们无论如何都会到达那里,乘火车或用其他方法。【核心归纳】orotherwise或其他情况,或相反【名师点津】(1)otherwise通常用于“祈使句+otherwise+陈述句”句型,意为“否则”,相当于or。(2)otherwise常用于虚拟语气句中,表示否定的条件,即表示与前述内容相反的条件。叙述与现在或将来事实相反的情况,谓语用“would/could/should/might+do”;叙述与过去事实相反的情况,谓语用“would/could/should/might+havedone”。【即学活用】完成句子①Myparentslentmethemoney.Otherwise,Icouldn’thaveaffordedthetrip.我的父母借给我钱了。否则,我可付不起这次旅费。②Itwasnecessarytodiscoverthetruthorotherwiseofthesestatements.

有必要查明这些说法的真实性或虚假性。③Thankyouforyourhelp!Otherwise,wewouldnothaveadjustedtotheenvironmentsoquickly.多谢你的帮助!要不然,我们是不会这么快适应环境的。6.lookoutfor注意,留心(教材原句)IjustspentthedayswatchingtheboatsgoingupanddownthestreetandlookingoutforSmartie.我整天都只是看着船只在街上来来往往,并寻找斯玛蒂。【核心归纳】lookfor寻找lookbackon 回顾,追忆lookthrough 浏览lookupto 敬仰,钦佩lookdownon 看不起lookup 查找;查阅lookforwardto 期待,盼望【即学活用】单句语法填空/完成句子①Wearelookingforwardtoacleanerandbetterenvironmentbychangingourlifestyle.②You’reapopulargirl,Grace,andalotoftheyoungeroneslookuptoyou.

你是个受欢迎的女孩,格雷丝,许多比你小的女孩都仰慕你。③CanyoulookupthetimeofthenexttraintoBeijing?

你能查一查下一趟去北京的火车的时间吗?④MrNelsonlikedtolookbackonthetimehespentwithhisdaughter.

纳尔逊先生喜欢回顾他与女儿度过的时光。7.Hehaddisappearedthemomentthestormhit.

暴风雨一来,它就不见了。【句式解构】本句中themoment作连词,意为“一……就……”,引导时间状语从句。【名师点津】(1)可以引导时间状语从句,表示“一……就……”的常见表达有:assoonas/themoment/theminute/thesecond/theinstant/immediately/directly/instantly。另外ondoing...也可以表示”一……就……”。如本单元的句子:*Onhearingthenews,Chinawasquicktostartorganisingemergencyaid.一听到这个消息,中国就迅速开始组织紧急救援。(2)thelasttime、thefirsttime等词语也可以引导时间状语从句。*ThefirsttimeIsawhim,hewasfishingbytheriver.我第一次见他的时候,他正在河边钓鱼。【即学活用】完成句子/一句多译①Thelasttimesheaskedforfivedollarstopayforherdrycleaning,IjusttoldherIcouldn’tspareit.

上次她要我付给她5美元干洗费,我只能告诉她我付不起。②一见到他的妈妈,小男孩就情不自禁地哭起来。→Thelittleboycouldn’thelpcryingassoonashesawhismother.

→Thelittleboycouldn’thelpcryingthemoment/theminute/immediatelyhesawhismother.

→Onseeinghismother,thelittleboycouldn’thelpcrying.

8.Iwassittinginmyroomwithmycat,Smartie,onmylap,whentheroofjustflewoff.

当时我正坐在自己的房间里,猫咪斯玛蒂趴在我腿上,突然屋顶就飞走了。【句式解构】本句句型为:was/weredoing...when...“正在做……这时……”。when用作并列连词,意为“这时”的句型有:(1)Sb.was/weredoingsth.+when...某人正在做某事,这时……(2)Sb.was/wereabouttodosth.+when...某人正打算做某事,这时……(3)Sb.hadjustdonesth.+when...某人刚做完某事,这时……【即学活用】单句语法填空/完成句子①Iwasthinking(think)aboutthematterwhenIheardmynamecalled.

②Ihadjustfinishedmyexampaperwhenthebellrang.③Shewasabouttoleavewhenthephonerang.

她刚要离开,这时电话响了。9.Althoughitwasonlyafewdaysbeforewewererescued,itfeltlikemonths.虽然过了几天我们就被救了,但感觉就像过了好几个月一样。【句式解构】before引导时间状语从句,意为“在……之前”,表示主语的动作发生在从句的动作之前。一般情况下,before在翻译时比较灵活,可译为“还未来得及……就……”“不到……就……”“……才……”“趁着……”“还没来得及……”等。*Itwasn’tlongbeforehelearnedtousethecomputer.不久他就学会了使用计算机。*HehungupbeforeIsaidthankstohim.我还没来得及道谢,他就挂断了电话。*Theyareconsideringbuyinganewhousebeforepricesgoup.他们正在考虑趁房价未涨时买一套新房子。【核心归纳】(1)Itwon’tbe...before...用不了多长时间就会……(before从句用一般现在时)(2)Itwillbe...before...得过多久才……(before从句用一般现在时)(3)Itwasn’t...before...没过多长时间就……(before从句用一般过去时)(4)Itwas...before...过了多长时间才……(before从句用一般过去时)【即学活用】写出下列句子中before的汉语意思①Beforehecamehere,hewasinEngland. 在……之前②Itwillbesometimebeforeweknowthefullresults. 得过多久才……③Putthatawaybeforeitgetsbroken. 以免/趁着……④BeforeIcouldsayaword,shehadstormedoutoftheroom. 还没来得及【要点拾遗】1.sheltern.庇护,掩蔽,避难所v.庇护;为……提供避难所(教材原句)Ifyoucannotgethomeintime,findothershelterassoonasyoucan.如果你不能及时回家,尽快找到其他避难所.(2023·浙江1月高考)Overthepastfewyears,manysolarfarmdevelopershavetransformedthespaceundertheirsolarpanelsintoashelterforvariouskindsofpollinators.在过去的几年里,许多太阳能农场开发商将太阳能电池板下的空间改造成各种传粉媒介的庇护所。Wesatintheshade,shelteringfromthesun.我们坐在阴凉处,躲避日晒。【核心归纳】(1)undertheshelterof 在……的庇护下(2)shelterfrom 躲避……(风雨或危险)shelter...from... 保护……免受……【即学活用】完成句子①Hehasgrownupundertheshelterofhisparents.

在父母的庇护下,他长大了。②Thefirstthingweshoulddoistofindacottagetoshelterfromthefreezingwindandsnow.

【词汇复现】我们首先要做的就是找个小屋来躲避风雪。③Theplantsmustbeshelteredfromdirectsunlight.

这些植物必须遮起来,免受阳光直射。2.strikevt.(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击;击打;突然想到(想法);给(某人以……)印象;敲;(钟)敲响/报时;划(火柴);打击;罢工n.(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击;罢工(教材原句)In1881,atyphoonstruckthesmallVietnamesecityofHaiphong,bringingterriblestrongwinds.1881年,一场台风袭击了越南的小城市海防,带来了可怕的强风。Asnowballstruckhimonthebackofthehead.一个雪球打中了他的后脑勺。Itstrikesmethatyouarenotseriousaboutit.我觉得你对这件事不是认真的。(应用文之活动感悟)Throughouttheevent,Iwasstruckbytheincrediblevarietyofplantsthatexistinourworld.在整个活动中,我被我们世界上存在的令人难以置信的各种各样的植物所震撼。【核心归纳】(1)sth.strikessb. 某人突然想起某事Itstrikessb.that... 某人突然想到……(2)strikesb.+介词+the+身体部位打某人某处bestruckby... 被……打动;被……击中(3)beonstrike 在罢工goonstrike 举行罢工(4)strike的过去式、过去分词分别是struck,struck/stricken【巧学助记】strike多面镜【名师点津】表示“某人突然想起”的表达有:Itstrikes/strucksb.that.../Ithit(s)sb.that.../Itoccurs/occurredtosb.that...【即学活用】写出黑体部分的含义/一句多译①Atthispoint,itsuddenlystruckmethatIwaswastingmytime. 突然想到②It’sreportedthatanotherearthquakewouldstrikethecityatanytime. 袭击③Drawingbackmyfreehand,IstruckthebearashardasIcouldforfiveorsixtimes. 击打④Theworkerswentonstrikeforapayrise. 罢工⑤IheardtheclockstrikingeightwhenIwokeupthismorning. 报时⑥我突然想起我把书忘在教室里了。→ItstruckmethatIleftmybookintheclassroom.(strike)

→IthitmethatIleftmybookintheclassroom.(hit)

→ItoccurredtomethatIleftmybookintheclassroom.(occurto)

3.freezev.使结冰;吓呆(freeze—froze—frozen)(教材原句)Allofasudden,therewasskywheretheroofhadbeen.IwassofrightenedthatIjustfroze.突然,屋顶那里变成了一片天空。我吓得整个人都僵在那里。(读后续写之动作描写)Frozenwithfear,hestoodrootedtothespot,variousterriblethoughtsfloodingin.他吓得僵住了,站在那里一动不动,各种可怕的想法向他涌来。(读后续写之环境描写)Itwasanextremelycoldeveningandfreezingfoghungintheair.那是个极冷的夜晚,空气中弥漫着冰冷的雾。【核心归纳】(1)freezetodeath/befrozentodeath冻死(2)freezing adj. 极冷的;冰点以下的freezingcold 极冷的thefreezingpoint 冰点(3)frozen adj.结冰的;冷冻的;吓呆的;冻僵的【即学活用】单句语法填空/完成句子①Waterturnstoicewhenitstemperaturedropstofreezing(freeze)point.②Frozen(freeze)fooddoesharmtoourhealth.③Thelittlematchgirlwasfrozentodeathonafreezingcoldnight.

在一个极其寒冷的夜晚,卖火柴的小女孩被冻死了。④Ifrozewithterror/fearasthedoorslowlyopened.

当门慢慢开启时我吓呆了。课时巩固训练,请使用“课时过程性评价十八”“单元素养培优(六)”如何写自然灾害安全指南【文本研读】Task1理清文章结构1.ReadtheHurricaneSafetyGuidelinesandfinishthesentences.(1)Beingpreparedcanincreaseourchancesofsurvivalwhenthedisasterstrikes.

(2)Safetyguidelinestelluswhattodointhefaceofthedisaster.

2.Fillintheblanks.FloodSafetyGuidelinesThingstodobeforeaflood●Listentoweatherwarnings.●Prepareenough(1)foodandcleanwater.Thingstododuringaflood●Movetoa(2)highplacetokeepclearoffloodwater.●Keepawayfromelectricity.Thingsnottododuringaflood●Donotdrink(3)floodwaterasitisdangerous.Task2体会语言表达(描述安全指南)1.Thefirstthingtodoislistentotheweatherwarnings.2.Beingpreparedisthebestwaytoincreaseyourchancesofsurvival.3.Incaseofanearthquake,stayawayfromhighbuildings.4.Makesureyouhavesufficientfood,water,medicineandbatteriesforelectricalappliances.5.Ifyoucannotgethomeintime,findothershelterassoonasyoucan.【素材积累】1.写作指导(1)文体特点安全指南是上级对下级、组织对成员、政府对民众等布置安全工作、传达安全建议等使用的一种应用文体,在日常生活和工作中为人们广泛使用。安全指南由两部分组成,即开头语和正文。自然灾害会给人们的生命财产造成巨大的损失,自然灾害相关的安全指南可以向人们普及应对自然灾害的自我保护知识,从而在一定程度上减少损失。(2)考试要求①要求学生了解自然灾害的防范和应对措施,能够撰写“自然灾害防范指南”。②培养学生对自然灾害的自我反思意识,培养乐观积极面对自然灾害的态度。(3)写作技巧①语言特点▲多用一般现在时。安全指南主要表达日常工作、学习和生活中的注意事项,因此文中时态以一般现在时为主。▲多用祈使句。安全指南主要是对活动参加者提出的要求或注意事项。▲多用简单句。写安全指南的目的是把将要进行的活动及有关事项交代清楚,所以采用的句子必须简洁明了,以短句、单句为主,能使读者一目了然。②叙述特点按类别分层展开叙述注意事项。每个事项用一个或多个句子表达,这样能使层次清晰,切忌用一个句子表达几个事项。罗列信息点时,按主次、详略、类别、时间等顺序排列,以确定先写什么后写什么。用文字表达时,必须做到明确清楚,不能含糊其辞。2.话题词汇教材词汇(1)naturaldisaster自然灾害(2)measure 措施(3)reduce