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UNIT3TheworldofscienceSectionB

Usinglanguage

核心词汇教材原句p.29Withinthenext80years,ourlivesmaybechangedbeyondrecognitionby3Dprinting.在未来的80年里,我们的生活可能会被3D打印改变得无法辨认。1beyondprep.无法……;超出(某个数量、水平或限度);晚于,迟于adv.更远,远于

题组练·领悟方法Histhoughtlessnessisbeyondbelief.他的轻率令人难以置信。Fewpeoplelivebeyondtheageofahundred.很少有人活过100岁。Physicsiscompletelybeyondme.我完全不懂物理学。Fromthetopofthehillwecouldseeourhouseandthewoodsbeyond.从这座小山的顶部我们能看到我们的房子和远处的树林。▶完成句子(1)Scott’sequipmentwasdamaged

(无法修理).(2)Thescenerytherewas

(美得无法形容).(3)Thetown

(已经变得让人认不出来了)sinceIwaslasthere.(4)Tonight’sperformancehasbeencancelledduetocircumstances

(我们无法控制).(5)Someshopskeepopen

(到午夜以后).beyondrepairbeautifulbeyonddescriptionhaschangedbeyondrecognitionbeyondourcontrolbeyondmidnight教材原句p.29Butperhapsthemostsignificantsuccessthatpeoplehaveachievedtodateisinmedicine.但或许迄今为止,人们所取得的最重要的成就是在医药领域。2signicant

adj.重要的,影响深远的;显著的;意味深长的 Itissignificantthatthewritersofthereportwereallmen.这份报告的作者都是男性,这一点很重要。Therehasbeenasignificantincreaseinthenumberofwomenstudentsinrecentyears.近年来,女性学员的数量有了显著增加。[词汇复现]asignificantlook/smile意味深长的眼神/微笑▶【单词积累】significancen.重要性,意义attachimportance/significancetosth.认为某事物很重要thesignificanceof...……的重要性 ▶单句语法填空(1)Thediscoveryisof

(significant),asitwillhelpusrealizewhatreallyhappenedinthatarea2,000yearsago.▶完成句子(2)

(……很重要)allthepeoplearetreatedequally.(3)Atheory,howevergooditis,is

(没有意义)withoutbeingputintopractice.(4)[词汇复现]

(……的重要性)constructingavillageonthemoonliesinthefactthatitwillhelphumanstoexplorethesolarsystemfurther.significanceItissignificantthat/ItisofsignificancethatofnosignificanceThesignificanceof教材原句p.29...peoplehavegivenanew3D-printedshelltoaturtleinjuredinaforestfire!……人们给了一只在森林火灾中受伤的乌龟一个新的3D打印外壳!3injurev.使受伤,弄伤 Heclaimedthatworkingtoohardwasinjuringhishealth.他声称工作过度辛劳正在损害他的健康。Thiscouldseriouslyinjurethecompany’sreputation.这会严重损害公司的声誉。▶【词语辨析】injure,hurt与

wound▶【单词积累】injuredadj.受伤的injuryn.伤害;损伤 ▶单句语法填空(1)[2017·全国Ⅰ卷]Tryingtohelp

(injure),displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain. (2)Inthetrafficaccidenttenwerekilledandeightwere

(injure).▶选词填空(injure/hurt/wound)(3)[词汇复现]Youshouldapologisetomysisterbecausewhatyousaid

herfeelings.(4)Thebullet

oneofthebravesoldiersintheshoulder.(5)Tom

hislegsinaskatingaccident.injuredinjuredhurtwoundedinjured/hurt教材原句p.30AmountainontheMoonandaminorplanetarenamedafterhim.

月球上的一座山和一颗小行星都是以他的名字命名的。4minoradj.小的,不很重要的,不很严重的v.辅修▶搭配:minorin辅修……aminorroad一条小路Theremaybesomeminorchangestotheschedule.时间安排也许会有些小小的变动。I’mminoringincomputerscience.我正在辅修计算机科学。

▶【单词积累】▶【归纳拓展】aminorityof少数……

beinthe/aminority占少数themajorityof大多数……

beinthe/amajority占大多数 ▶单句语法填空(1)ImajorinEnglishliterature,andminor

French.(2)Onlya

(minor)ofBritishhouseholdsdonothaveacar.(3)Boysareverymuch

theminorityatthedanceclass.▶完成句子(4)Mostofthepeopleturnedtheirbacktohim,only

(少数人)gavehimahand.(5)Yourhealthisgenerallygood,butyou

(确实有一些小问题).inminorityinaminorityofpeopledohaveafewminorproblems教材原句p.30BritishbiologistCharlesDarwin(1809-1882)isbestknownforhisworkOntheOriginofSpecies...英国生物学家查尔斯·达尔文(1809-1882)最著名的著作是《物种起源》……5originn.起源,起因;出身,血统 Heconsultedhisteacherabouttheoriginsoflifeontheearth.他就地球上生命的起源问题咨询了老师。Herunhappychildhoodwastheoriginofherproblemslaterinlife.她不幸的童年是她日后生活中诸多问题的起因。ThewordisFrenchinorigin.这个单词源于法语。Sheneverforgotherhumbleorigin.她从未忘记自己的卑微出身。▶【单词积累】originaladj.原来的,起初的→originallyadv.原来,起初originatev.起源,发源;创造,创始

▶单句语法填空(1)Our

(origin)planwastogotoSpain,butitwastooexpensive.(2)Aftermuchdiscussiontheysettledontheplan

(original)proposed.(3)Thetea-pickingopera

(original)developedfromthetea-growingregionsinJiangxiwheretheteapickerswouldsingsongswhileworking.▶完成句子(4)Whenwethinkabout

(生命的起源),therearetwowaystofollow.(5)HewasnotEnglish—hewasaFrenchman

(从出身上说).originaloriginallyoriginallytheoriginsoflifebyorigin教材原句p.30...inwhichheexplainschangesinspeciesduetonaturalselection.……他在书中解释了自然选择导致的物种变化。6dueto因为,由于Theproblemsmightbeduetoashortageofdiskspace.这些问题可能是由磁盘空间不足造成的。[词汇复现]Theyieldhasbeenreducedbyaround30percentduetothebadweather.由于恶劣天气,产量已减少了大约30%。▶【学法点拨】下面几个短语都可表示原因,注意区别:dueto常作状语和表语,一般不放在句首;owingto常作状语和表语;becauseof常作状语;thanksto常作状语,常指好的方面。▶【单词积累】dueadj.预计的,预期的beduetodosth.预计要做某事Whattimeisthenextbusdue?下一班公共汽车预计是什么时候?RoseisduetostartschoolinJanuary.罗丝一月份就要开始上学了。 ▶选词填空(dueto/owingto/becauseof/thanksto)(1)[词汇复现]Hewasoutofwork

aphysicalinjury.(2)Mostoftheproblemswere

humanerror.(3)

yourhelp,Igotthepositionadvertisedinthenewspaper.(4)Thetownwascutofffromtherestoftheworld

heavysnow.▶完成句子(5)Thenextmeeting

(预计将召开)inthreemonths’time.dueto/owingto/becauseofdueto/owingtoThanksto/Owingto/Becauseofdueto/owingto/becauseofisduetobeheld教材原句p.30...andwasfirstawardedtheNobelPrizein1903forherextraordinaryworkonradioactivity.……1903年,她因在放射性方面的杰出工作首次获得诺贝尔奖。7extraordinaryadj.非凡的,出色的;异乎寻常,令人惊奇的▶搭配:Itisextraordinarythat...……实属罕见/意想不到。Shehasanextraordinarymemory.她有非凡的记忆力。Ellenisanextraordinarydancer.IwishIdancedaswellasher.埃伦的舞跳得非常出色。我要是能跳得像她一样好就好了。[词汇复现]It’sextraordinarythathemanagedtosleepthroughtheparty.真想不到他竟然从聚会开始一直睡到结束。▶【单词积累】extra-(超出)+ordinary(普通的,平凡的)→extraordinaryadj.非凡的,出色的 ▶完成句子(1)Thetaskrequires

(非凡的耐心)andstrength.(2)Thechildpossesses

(非凡的记忆力)—hecanremembersomanystories.(3)

(真想不到)thatheshouldtakechargeofsuchabigcompany.(4)

(使这本书如此非凡)isthecreativeimaginationofthewriter.extraordinarypatienceanextraordinarymemoryIt’sextraordinaryWhatmakesthebooksoextraordinary教材原句p.30Shewasalsoregardedasabrilliantphysicist...她还被认为是一位杰出的物理学家……8brilliantadj.聪颖的,才华横溢的;明亮的,灿烂的;杰出的,极好的;很成功的abrilliantmusician一位才华横溢的音乐家brilliantsunshine明媚的阳光abrilliantplan一个绝妙的计划abrilliantsuccess一件非常成功的事Sheseemedtohaveabrilliantcareeraheadofher.她似乎前途似锦。She’sgotabrilliantsenseofhumour.她极富幽默感。▶【单词积累】brilliantadj.→brilliantlyadv.出色地;灿烂地 ▶单句语法填空(1)Ourteachertoldusitwasa

(brilliant)writtenbook.▶完成句子(2)Hemadehiswaytothelake

(在一个阳光明媚的日子).(3)Theprojectwas

(非常成功).(4)

(这名聪颖的侦探)foundthestrongevidenceintheend.brilliantlyonabrilliantlysunnydayabrilliantsuccessThebrilliantdetective教材原句p.31Currently,there’snocureforAlzheimer’s...目前还没有治愈阿尔茨海默病的方法……9curen.药剂;疗法v.治好,治愈 Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.人们既不知道它的病源,也不了解它的治疗方法。Atonepointdoctorscouldn’tcureTB/curepeopleofTB.医生曾经无法治愈肺结核/人们的肺结核。[词汇复现]▶【误区警示】cure强调“治愈”这一结果,而treat强调治疗的过程。cure用作动词,其后跟sb.ofsth.或直接跟sth.作宾语。▶【归纳拓展】与curesb.ofsth.类似的结构:robsb.ofsth.抢劫某人某物 remindsb.ofsth.提醒某人某事informsb.ofsth.通知某人某事 cheatsb.ofsth.骗取某人某物warnsb.ofsth.警告某人某事 accusesb.ofsth.控告某人某事 ▶单句语法填空(1)[词汇复现]Thedoctorcuredthebiologist

hisheadache. (2)Thebestcure

boredom(无聊)ishardwork.(3)Thankstothedoctor,myillness

(cure)atlast.(4)[2016·全国Ⅲ卷]Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeople

killingsandweretooviolentforuseatthetable.▶选词填空(treat/cure)(5)Thedentist

myteeth,buthedidn’t

them.

offorwascuredoftreatedcure重点句式教材原句p.29Anditisnotjusthumanswhoarebenefiting...并且受益的不仅仅是人类……强调句型结构:Itis/was+被强调部分+that+其他.如果被强调部分指人,可用who代替that。该句型可强调主语、宾语、状语等,但不能强调谓语。Itwashardworkanddeterminationthatgotherintomedicalschool.是苦干和决心使她走进了医学院的大门。ItwaswhenAsimovwaselevenyearsoldthathistalentforwritingbecameobvious.在阿西莫夫11岁的时候,他的写作才华就显露出来了。 ▶【误区警示】(1)强调句型中的it不能用其他词代替。(2)用is还是was要根据原句的时态而定:属于现在或将来时间范畴的所有时态用is;属于过去时间范畴的所有时态用was。(3)被强调部分指人时,可以用who代替that,其他情况一律用that。(4)强调句型不能强调谓语,强调谓语时可用“do/does/did+动词原形”。▶【学法点拨】判断句子是否为强调句型的方法:去掉itis/was与that/who,剩余部分若结构完整且句意明确,则为强调句型,否则就不是。 ▶单句语法填空(1)ItwaswhenIgotbacktomyapartment

Ifirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.(2)Youarewaitingatawrongplace.Itisatthehotel

thecoachpicksuptourists.(3)Itismyfather

willhaveaface-to-facetalkwithme.▶用强调句型改写句子(4)Mygrandpawalkedthedoginthestreetyesterday.→

walkedthedoginthestreetyesterday.(强调主语)→

mygrandpawalkedthedoginthestreet.(强调时间状语)→

mygrandpawalkedthedogyesterday.(强调地点状语) thatthatthat/whoItwasmygrandpathat/whoItwasyesterdaythatItwasinthestreetthat单元语法现在完成时的被动语态1现在完成时的被动语态的构成肯定式:have/has+beendone否定式:have/hasnot+beendone一般疑问式:Have/Has+主语+beendone?特殊疑问式:疑问词+have/has+主语+beendone?Themachinehasbeenrepairedfortwohours.这台机器已修了两小时了。Thecarhasnotbeenrepaired.这辆小汽车还没有修好。 —Havethecarsbeenrepaired?这些小汽车修好了吗?—No,theyhaven’t.不,还没有。—Howlonghaveyoubeenemployedinthisjob?你做这份工作多久了?—Since1990.从1990年至今。 ▶将下列句子改为被动语态(1)Wehaveplantedmanytreesonthehillinthelastfiveyears.→___________________________________________________________________________(2)Shehasn’treturnedthisbooktothelibrary.→___________________________________________________________________________(3)Tomhaspaidmuchattentiontohishandwriting.→___________________________________________________________________________

→___________________________________________________________________________Manytreeshavebeenplantedonthehillinthelastfiveyears(byus).Thisbookhasn’tbeenreturnedtothelibrary(byher).MuchattentionhasbeenpaidtoTom’shandwriting.Tom’shandwritinghasbeenpaidmuchattentionto.2现在完成时的被动语态的用法(1)表示一个被动的动作在说话之前已完成,强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,通常与already,yet,just,never,recently,before等副词连用。Allthetablesbythewindowhavebeenbooked.所有靠窗的桌子都已被预订了。Thisbookhasalreadybeentranslatedintomanylanguages.这本书已被译成多种语言。(2)表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在,常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,或用于howlong引导的句子中。Theyhavebeentoldaboutitformanytimes.他们已经被告知过很多次了。Howlonghasthemachinebeenused?这台机器使用多久了?(3)用在时间或条件状语从句中,表示将来已完成的被动动作,即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。Youcangohomeassoonasyourhomeworkhasbeenfinished.作业一做完你就可以回家。 ▶【学法点拨】常与现在完成时的被动语态连用的时间状语:already已经 yet已经 recently/lately最近sincethen从那时起 eversince自那以来 ever曾经sofar迄今为止 foralongtime很长一段时间bynow/uptonow到现在为止inrecentyears在最近几年里in/during/overthepast/lastfewyears在过去的几年里Alibraryandagymnasiuminourschoolhavebeensetupsofarandtheywillbeputintouseverysoon.到目前为止,我们学校已经建了一个图书馆和一个体育馆,它们很快就会投入使用。

▶单句语法填空(1)Theirnewhouse

(decorate)fortwomonthsandtheywillsettleinitinthenearfuture.(2)Alltheathletes

(select)frommillionsofpeoplealloverthecountryinthepasttwomonths.(3)Greatchanges

(take)placeinmyhometownandalotoffactories______________(set)upinthepasttenyears.(4)Everypossiblemeans

(try)tosavethewoundedsoldieruptonow.(5)Howmanysuggestions

(give)toyousofar?(6)Allthepreparations forthetask

(make)andwe’rereadytostart.(7)Despitethepreviousroun

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