Unit 4 Journey across a vast land 选择性必修第二册

Unit4JourneyAcrossAVastLandDiscoverusefulstructures过去分词vs.现在分词DiscoverUsefulStructuresPastparticiplesVSthe-ingform如果句中已经存在一个_______动词，那么在没有_____________的情况下，这个句子就是

______句，那么,另一个动词要选用______动词。Review谓语连词或引导词简单非谓语使用非谓语动词的条件：Exercise1判断下列句子应使用（A.谓语）还是(B.非谓语动词)。（1）Thebook_____(write)bySanMao.

（2）Ilikereadingthenovels____(write)bySanMao.

writtenABwaswritten（3）He_____(go)intotheclassroom,openedhisbookandwroteontheblackboard.

（4）Althoughitiswinternow,thetreeintheschoolcampus____(look)beautiful.

AAwentlooks（5）Thegirl

thatlivesinthecity_____(make)aphonecalltothefarmeryesterday.

（6）Shegotoffthebus,but_____(leave)herbookinthebus.

（7）Shegotoffthebus,______(hold)herbook.

（8）_______(drive)byaburningdesireforadventure,LiMinglefthomeandstartedtotravelaroundhisearlytwentiesAABmadeleftholdingBDriven判断下列句子应使用谓语还是非谓语动词（1）Thebook__________(write)bySanMao.

（2）Ilikereadingthenovels________(write)bySanMao（3）He_____(go)intotheclassroom,openedhisbookandwroteontheblackboard.

（4）Althoughitiswinternow,thetreeintheschoolcampus____(look)beautiful.

（5）Thegirlthatlivesinthecity_____(make)aphonecalltothefarmeryesterday.

（6）Shegotoffthebus,but_____(leave)herbookinthebus.

（7）Shegotoffthebus,______(hold)herbook.

（8）_______(drive)byaburningdesireforadventure,LiMinglefthomeandstartedtotravelaroundhisearlytwentieswaswrittenwrittenwentlooksmadeleftholdingDriven21点击添加文本点击添加文本点击添加文本点击添加文本Summary总结:判断非谓语动词的形式：→表目的和将来，用__________________→表主动和进行，用__________________→表被动和完成，用__________________确定谓语动词or非谓语动词？→填非谓语动词：句子中已有

且无

。逻辑主语与非谓语之间谓语动词连词或引导词不定式todo现在分词doing过去分词done1．Forbothofthem,thethoughtofcrossingthewholecountrybyrailwasexciting.2．Beforestartingout,theyspentacoupleofdaysinVancouver,seeingthesights.3．Despitetheweather,theywereabletotakeaboatrideoutintothebay,andlatervisitanislandthathadwonderfulshopssellingcraftsandantiques.4.Seenfromthetrainwindow,themountainsandforestsofCanadalookedmassive.5.Lookingatthebeautifulscenery,theybothagreedthatitwasthemostawesomejourneytheyhadevertaken.6．However,theydidnotanticipateseeingsuchanopencountry,andweretrulyamazed.◎我的发现句1中动词-ing形式作_____；句2、5中动词-ing短语作_____；句3中动词-ing短语作_____；句4中过去分词短语作_____；句6中过去分词作_____。表语状语定语状语表语Readanddiscoverv-ingVSv-ed作状语的区别030102感觉类及物动词的过去分词与动词-ing形式作表语的区别作定语的区别非谓语动词——现在分词VS过去分词的区别1.作表语2.作状语3.作定语4.作宾补过去分词vs现在分词

作表语的区别First4.Thegirlswere_________(amaze)toseesuchanopencountry.5.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand_____________(disappoint).6.BecauseJohnwas__________(absorb)inpainting,hedidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.以上过去分词在句子中_________________成分表语Fillinganddiscoveramazeddisappointedabsorded1.现在分词(V-ing)和过去分词(V-ed)作表语用法：①现在分词作表语表示主语的特征(令人/使人感到……)常修饰物。②过去分词作表语表示主语的状态或者主观心理感受(人感到)常修饰人。注意：很多作表语的现在分词和过去分词都变成了形容词,和系动词(be,seem,remain,feel,look等)连用，或者用作定语修饰名词movingfrightenedfrighteningmovedfrightenedmarriedabsorbedpleasedpleasing3.Thestoryisvery_______(move),andweweredeeply_______(move).4.Goingintothewildernessalonecanbe__________（frighten）.5.Doyoufeel___________（frighten)whengoingintothewildernessalone?Hiseyesopenedwidewitha_________(frighten)look.TheyoungNBAbasketballkingJamesis

_______(marry)Sheseemedtotally_______(absorb)inherbook.练习：1.Themusicismuch

(please)totheear.2.Iamvery

(please)tohelpyou.感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别。英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音、笑容或表情等。常用的这类词有：surprising令人吃惊的surprised感到吃惊的frightening令人害怕的frightened感到害怕的discouraging令人泄气的discouraged泄气的disappointing令人失望的disappointed感到失望的注意感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别:英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音、笑容或表情等。常用的这类词有：surprising令人吃惊的surprised感到吃惊的frightening令人害怕的frightened感到害怕的discouraging令人泄气的discouraged泄气的disappointing令人失望的disappointed感到失望的worrying/worried、confusing/confused、scaring/scared、embarrassing/embarrassed、impressing/impressed、frustrating/frustrated等Grammarfocusexciting令人激动的excited激动的，兴奋的surprising令人惊讶的surprised惊讶的encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged受到鼓舞的frightening令人惊恐的frightened受惊的interesting令人感兴趣的interested感兴趣的moving令人感动的moved感动的pleasing令人高兴的pleased高兴的shocking令人震惊的shocked震惊的tiring令人劳累的tired感到劳累的worrying令人担心的worried担心的satisfying令人满意的satisfied满意的puzzling令人迷惑的puzzled迷惑的Readandmemorize【即学活用】

用所给词的适当形式填空(1)The__________lookonherfacesuggestedthatshewas_______bythe___________scene.(frighten)(2)Thesceneis________,andI’mvery________atpresent.(excite)(3)Whathedidis___________,soI’m___________bywhathedid.(encourage)(4)Theaudiencewereall_______totearsbythe________film.(move)(5)(应用文之推荐信)Idobelieveyouarecertainlytobe________bythe_________sceneryofMountTai.(amaze)frightenedfrightenedfrighteningexcitingexcitedencouragingencouragedmovedmovingamazedamazingSecond过去分词vs现在分词

作定语的区别2.现在分词(V-ing)和过去分词(V-ed)作定语⑴用法：①现在分词作定语表示__?____和_____?___。②vt.的过去分词作定语表示___?_____和___?___,

vi.的过去分词作定语只表示___?____。⑵语态上的区别：现在分词___?____；过去分词____?____①a

（fly)bird（一只飞鸟）

a

（fall)leaf（一片落叶）

___________（rise)sun（冉冉升起）

（pollute)water（污水）

③the

（rule）class（统治阶级）

the

（rule)class(被统治阶级）flyingfallenrisingpollutedrulingruled2.现在分词(V-ing)和过去分词(V-ed)作定语⑴用法：①现在分词作定语表示主动和进行。②vt.的过去分词作定语表示被动和完成,vi.的过去分词作定语只表示完成。⑵语态上的区别：现在分词—主动；过去分词—被动①a

（fly)bird（一只飞鸟）

a

（fall)leaf（一片落叶）vi___________（rise)sun（冉冉升起）

（pollute)water（污水）vt③the

（rule）class（统治阶级）

the

（rule)class(被统治阶级）vtflyingfallenrisingpollutedrulingruled2.现在分词(V-ing)和过去分词(V-ed)作定语⑶时间上的区别：现在分词—正在进行；过去分词—已经完成①一片叶子：a

（fall)leaf（正在飘落）

a

（fall）leaf(已经落下)②一个国家：a

（develop）country（发展中）

a

（develop）country(发展过)③水：

（boil）water（正在沸腾）

(boil)water(已经烧开)fallingfallendevelopingdevelopedboilingboiledThereisanicepicture_________(hang)onthewall.

Peoplegotwaterbydroppingabucket_____(tie)toarope.hanging练习：tied1.Theman_________(stand)thereisourteacher.2.Idon'tlikethecomposition_________(write)inpencil．3.Thetrees_________(blow)downinthestormhavebeenmoved.4.With_________(fall)leaves_______(bury)intheeartheveryyear,thesoilbecomesricherandricher.5._______(offer)animportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasachancetobecomefamous.standingwrittenblownfallenburiedOfferedThird过去分词vs现在分词

作壮语的区别Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.Usingthebook,Ifinditveryuseful.过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的

，即表示被动，往往表示完成；动词-ing形式与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的

，即表示主动，一般表示动作正在进行。(动宾关系)(主谓关系)动宾关系主谓关系3.现在分词(V-ing)和过去分词(V-ed)作状语现在分词(V-ing)和过去分词(V-ed)作状语________(see)fromthehill,youwillfindthecitylookslikeabiggarden._______(see)fromthehill,thecitylookslikeabiggarden.______________(encourage)herstudents,theteacherwenttooffice.___________(encourage)bytheteacher,thegirlwasveryhappy.SeeingSeenEncouragedEncouraging1.找逻辑主语2.判断主动被动主谓关系动宾关系动宾关系主谓关系【注意】1.分词作状语,它的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语相一致。

e.g.Ifcaught,thepolicewillpunishthethief.[误]

Ifcaught,thethiefwillbepunishedbythepolice.

[正]

小偷如果被抓,会受到警方的惩罚。2.分词作状语时,其前面可以带有相应的连词,如when,though,although,asif,if,unless,until,once等,表时间、让步、条件、方式等。

e.g.If(Iam)invited,Iwillattendtheweddingofmyfriend.

如果受到邀请,我会参加我朋友的婚礼。分词作状语记忆口诀

分词作状语，主语是问题。

逗号前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。

主动用-ing，被动用-ed。

havingdone表先后，千万要牢记。动词­ing形式作状语的几种情况

动词­ing形式作状语时，动词­ing形式的动作就是句子主语发出的动作，它们之间是主动关系。

动词­ing形式动作与谓语动作同时发生用一般式doing；

如果动词­ing形式的动作发生在谓语动作之前，表示已经完成，表示主动就用havingdone，表示被动就用havingbeendone。

（walk)alongthestreet，Imetafriendofmine.

（finish)theirwork，theywenthometohavearest._________________(tell)abouttheriskofelectricshocks,sheisverycarefulwhileusinghairdryers.特别提醒1WalkingHavingfinishedHavingbeen

told

部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”，重在描述主语的状态，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost(迷路)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、lost/absorbedin(沉溺于，陷入某种状态)、dressedin(穿着)、tiredof(厌烦了)等。

deepthought,shedidn’thearthesound.由于陷入沉思，所以她没有听到那个声音。

anewdress,shelooksverybeautiful.穿着一件新衣服，她看上去很漂亮。Lost/AbsorbedinDressedin特别提醒部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”,而重在描述主语的状态，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost(迷路)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、lost/absorbedin(沉溺于、陷入某种状态)、dressedin(穿着)、tiredof(厌烦了)等。1.__________(absorb)indeepthought,shedidn’thearthesound.2._________(dress)in

anewdress,shelooksverybeautiful.3.__________(interest)inbooks,heforgothistaskhisteacherassignedtohim.AbsorbedDressededInterested特别提醒21.________(give)thathehasworkedforawholeday,hedeservestohavearest.2.____________(consider)thesituation,hedecidedtotellthetruth.3.Frankly_________(speak),Idolovehim.GivenConsideringspeaking有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：特别提醒3独立成分含义Generallyspeaking一般来说Frankly/honestlyspeaking坦白地/老实说Judgingfrom/by...根据...来判断Considering.../oconsideration/account考虑到...Totellyouthetruth,说实话Seeing...考虑到Supposing/suppose(that)假如...Provided/providing(that)...假如...Given...考虑到Assuming...假使...Comparedto/with与...相比有些分词或不定式短语作状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响。常见的有:一般来说坦白地说根据……来判断考虑到……generallyspeakingfranklyspeaking/tobefrankjudgingfrom/by...considering.../taking...intoconsiderationConcerning/Regarding关于，有关Talkingof...谈到…鉴于/由于……假设,如果假使seeing...Supposing/Suppose...assuminggivenProviding/provided(that...)说实话totellyouthetruth/tobehonesttomakematters/thingsworse长话短说tocutalongstoryshort坦率地说tobefrank更糟糕的是

过去分词(短语)作状语时，过去分词(短语)的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，否则，分词(短语)前应加上自己的主语。这种带有自身主语的过去分词(短语)被称为过去分词(短语)的独立主格结构。过去分词(短语)的独立主格结构通常在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等。>Thetest

（finish)，webeganourholiday.>Theboylayonhisback，hishands

(cross)underhishead.>Muchtime

(spend)sittingatadesk，officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.>Themanlaythere,hishands.(tremble)特别提醒4finishedcrossed

spenttrembling注意：过去分词(短语)作状语时，前面有时可以加上when，if，while，though，evenif，until，unless等连词，这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句(省略部分多为“主语＋be的多种形式”)。需要注意的是，省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同或为it。Evenifinvited(＝EvenifI’minvited),Iwon’ttakepartintheparty.即使受到邀请，我也不会参加这个聚会的。Thesignalgiven,thebusstarted.信号一发出，汽车就开动了。(thesignal是given的逻辑主语，因此主句主语thebus就不是given的逻辑主语。)Herheadheldhigh,shewentby.她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去。(herhead是heldhigh的逻辑主语，因此主句主语she就不再是heldhigh的逻辑主语。)特殊结构：独立主格如果过去分词作状语时，前面再加逻辑主语，主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构。1.___________(hear)thenews,sheburstintotears.2._________

(write)inahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood．3._______(see)fromthehill,thecityisbeautiful.4.TsinghuaUniversity,_______(found)in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.5._______________(complete)theprojectintime,thestaffwereworkingatweekends.6.Hehurriedtothestationonly________(find)thetrainhadgone.基础练习HearingtofindSeenfoundedTocompleteWritten即时演练1.Shewatchedthefilm,________(weep)and_______(sigh).2.Theteacherstoodthere,_________(surround)byalotofstudents.3.Thestormleft,_______(cause)alotofdamagetothisarea.4.Shefelloffthebike,_________(break)herleftleg.5._______(see)fromthehill,thecityisbeautiful.6._______(see)fromthehill,youcanseethewholecity.7._______(lose)inthought,healmostranintoapost.

weepingsighingsurroundedcausingbreakingSeenSeeingLost8._____________(use)formanyyears,thebikeneedsrepairing.9._____________(fail)severaltimes,thescientiststillkeptonmakinghisexperiments.HavingbeenusedHavingfailed10.________(face)withadifficultsituation，Arnolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.Faced11.________(face)adifficultsituation，Arnolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.Facing12.________(absorb)inreading,wealldidn’thearthesound.Absorbed13.Properamountsofexercise,if________(carry)outregularly,canimproveourhealth.carried14.Thefanswaitedoutsidethemalljust_________(buy)thenewestmobilephones.tobuy15.Hewentfromdoortodoor,________(gather)wastepapersandmagazines.gathering16.Myshoes___________(remove),Ienteredalow-ceilingedroom.removed1、v.-ed和v.-ing形式作表语时：

v.-ed与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系。

v.-ing与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系。3、v.-ed和v.-ing形式作状语时：

如果句子的主语和分词是被动关系，时间已经完成用v.-ed形式。

如果句子的主语和分词是主动关系，时间正在发生用v.-ing形式。2、v.-ed和v.-ing形式作定语时：

v.-ed与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系。

v.-ing与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系。练习单句填空1.Whenheheardthe

story,hewasdeeply

.(move)

2.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand

(disappoint).

3.

(give)another10days,wearesuretocompleterepairingthemachine.

4.Weallfelt

atthe

news.(encourage)

5.

(impress)bythebeautifulscenery,Iforgottogobackhomeintime.

movingmoved

disappointed

Givenencouragedencouraging

Impressed

6.

(design)verycleverlytofitintocorners,theshelfdoesn’ttakeupmuchroom.

7.Thenewswas

andtheywereall

atit.(excite)

8.Ifyouget

(lose)inastrangeplace,you’dbetternotmoveandwaitforhelpthere.

9.Whenfirst

(introduce)tothemarket,thesenewproductsintheircompanyenjoyedagreatsuccess.

10.Mostoftheenterpriseswerehighly

(satisfy)withthebusinessenvironmentimprovement.

Designedexcitingexcited

lost

introduced

satisfied

11.Nearly10percentoftheirpopulationis

(enrol)intheelementaryschools.

12.Don’treadthereport

(literal)now;justskimthroughit.

13.Hewastalkingwithher

(pleasant)whentheteachercamein.

14.The

(thunder)soundcanbeheardhalforonekilometeraway.

enrolled

literally

pleasantly

thundering高考链接1.（2022新高考I卷）__________(cover)anareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.

2.（2022全国甲卷）InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperation________(hold)inBeijing,Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.3.（2022全国甲卷）Heflew4,700kilometersfromXi’antoKashgaronSept.20,__________(plan)tohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.高考真题Coveringheldplanning4.（2022全国乙卷）________________(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia,__________(invite)twenty-nineteaprofessionalsfromaroundtheworldtohavethirty-sixhoursofuninterruptedlivebroadcasts.5.（2022年新高考2卷）HenryTylermadethecatchoftheyearontheweekend.Whenhesawayoungchildhangingfromasixth-floorapartmentbalcony(阳台),Henryranonehundredmetres,jumpedovera1.2-metrefence,andheldouthisarmstocatchthe________(fall)child.

Tostrengtheninvitingfalling高考真题6.（2021.6新高考1卷语法填空）Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventure

andoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyour

_____

(ache)legs.7.（2021.1浙江卷语法填空）In1985,urbanmenandwomeninmorethanthreequartersofthecountries

_____

(study)hadhigherBMIsthanmenandwomeninruralareas.achingstudied高考真题8.（2021.1浙江卷语法填空）Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeople

(live)inthecountryside,includinglowerlevelsofincomeandeducation,highercostsofhealthyfoods,andfewersportsfacilities.9.（2021.3天津卷单选）China's

National

Highway

318，

(extend)over

5,

000

kilometers

from

Shanghai

to

Zhangmu,Tibet,isknownasthe

"heavenlyroad"

foritsamazingviews.10.（2020·新课标I卷）Ilikeeating

(fry)tomatoeswitheggs,andIthoughtitmusttobeeasytocook.livingfriedextending高考真题11.（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）Theyrepresenttheearth

(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.12.（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）Theymakegreatgifsandyouseethemmanytimes

(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.13.（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds

(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.comingdecoratedsurrounding高考真题14.

(2020·浙江卷语法填空)Later，theylearnedtoworkwiththeseasons，plantingattherighttimeand，indryareas,___________(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.15.（2020·江苏卷）Technologicalinnovations,___________(combine)withgoodmarketing,willpromotethesalesoftheseproducts.16.（2020·（天津卷)___________(complete)in1931,theEmpireStateBuilding,thehighestskyscraperuntil1954,inspiredtheimaginationoftheworld.makingcombinedCompleted高考真题Thankyou巩固练习1.

Myheartis________(break)becausemyfriendCookieleftmeforever.2.“Wecan’tgooutinthisweather.”saidBob,_________(look)outofthewindow.3.Seeingthe________(puzzle)lookonhisface,shetriedadifferenttack,soIrepeatedthequestion.4.Thisladywasgenuinely__________(surprise)atwhathappenedtoherpet.5.______(build)thirtyyearsago,thehousestilllooksverystrong.brokenLookingpuzzledsurprisedBuilt6.______(born)inapeasantfamily,hehadtodropschoolandworkwhenhewasyoung.7.Hewalkedslowlyintheforest,_________(follow)byhispetdog.8.Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,________(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.9._______(see)fromthehill,youwillfindthecitylooksverymagnificant.10.______(see)fromthehill,thecitylooksverymagnificant.BornfollowedrangingSeeingSeen1.…Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds_____________(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.

(2020新课标全国卷III)2.Oranges:Orangetreesaremorethandecoration;theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes_________(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.

(2020新课标全国卷II)3.Allthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,________(say)thatIhadatalentforfootball.(2019全国卷I)4.EarthDay,________(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.(2019北京)surroundingdecoratedsayingmarkedFinishtheexercisesonthepage41inyourtextbook1.Thegirlswere__________toseesuchanopencountry.Thefarmscoveredaverylargearea,whichwas__________.2.Goingintothewildernessalonecanbe____________.Doyoufeel__________whengoingintothewildernessalone?3.__________fromthetopofthemountain,thescenerywasreallyfascinating.

__________thesceneryfromthetopofthemountain,Iwasfascinatedbytheautumn.4.__________eastwards,youwillpasstheCanadianRockies.

Finally,thecompany—__________byitsnewmanager—startedtomakeaprofit.amazedamazingfrighteningfrightenedSeenSeeing

see frighten head amazeHeadingheadedPractice1.Fillineachblankwiththecorrectformofaverbfromthebox.Findthedifferencebetweeneachpairofsentences,payingattentiontothe-edand-ingforms.Webecame

whenthinkingaboutthosebeautifullocationsinFinland.Weexpect