高中英语外刊-四选一 39篇 教师版

语篇阅读素材库

体裁说明文词数345限时10分钟

Byfarthemostcommondifficultyinstudyingissimplefailuretogetdowntoregularconcentrated

work.Thisdifficultyismuchgreaterforthosewhodonotworktoaplanandhavenoregularroutine

ofstudy.Manystudentsmuddlealong（得过且过），doingabitofthissubjectorthatasthemood

takesthem,orlettingtheirsetworkpileupuntilthelastpossiblemoment.

Fewstudentsworktoasettimetable.Theysaythatiftheydidconstructatimetableforthemselves

theywouldnotkeeptoit,orwouldhavetochangeitfrequently,sincetheycanneverpredictfrom

onedaytothenextwhattheiractivitieswillbe.

Nodoubtsomestudentstakemuchmorekindlytoaregularroutinethanothers.Therearemany

whoareshyawayfromaself-controlledweeklytimetableandwhodislikebeingtieddowntoa

fixedprogramofwork.However,manyablestudentsclaimthattheyworkincycles.Whenthey

becomeinterestedinatopic,theyworkonitintensivelyforthreeorfourdaysatatime.Onother

days,theyavoidworkcompletely.Ithastobeadmittedthatwedonotfullyunderstandthe

motivationtowork.Mostpeopleover25yearsoldhavebeenusedtoaworkroutine,andthe

majorityofreallyproductiveworkerssetasideregularhoursforthemoreimportantaspectsoftheir

work.The"tough-minded"schoolofworkersisusuallyverycontemptuous（蔑视的）oftheidea

thatgoodworkcanonlybedonenaturally,undertheinfluenceofinspiration.

Thosewhobelievethattheyneedonlyworkandstudyasthefittakesthemhaveamistakenbelief

eitherintheirowntalentorinthevalueof"fi*eedom."Freedomfromdisciplineleadstounhappiness

ratherthan“sei告expression"or^personalitydevelopment.^^Oursocietyinsistsonregularhabits,

timekeepingandpunctuality.Whetherwelikeitornot,ifwemeantomakeourwayinsociety,we

havetomeetitsdemands.

1.Themostwidespreadprobleminapplyingoneselftostudyisthatof

A.thefailuretokeeptoaroutineofintensivework

B.changingfromonesubjecttoanother

C.thewillingnesstofollowasystematicplan

D.workingonasubjectonlywhenonefeelslikeit

2.Theworkerswithstrictviewsonwork

A.questionthebeliefthatgoodworkcanbeanaturalproductofinstinct

B.takeitforgrantedthatgoodworkissecondnaturetoman

C.refusetoaccepttheideathatgoodworkcanbedoneatanytime

D.disliketheopinionthatgoodworkcanonlybedonewithstimulation

3.Theunderlinedpartinthelastparagraphprobablymeans”

A.whentheyhavetheenergy

B.whentheyareinthemood

C.whentheyfindconditionssuitable

D.whentheyfeelfit

4.Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitabletitleforthispassage?

A.AttitudestoStudy

B.StudyPlans

C.TheDifficultiesinStudy

D.StudyandSelf-Discipline

［参考答案与解题思路】

■1.A

细节题

解析：考查文中具体信息。第一段中第一句提到“在学习中最大的困难是难以集中精力有规

律地学习。”因而选A。

■2.D

细节题

解析：考查文中具体信息。由第三段结尾处可知，“严格的工作者蔑视好工作只能一时兴起

自然完成的观点“，因而选D。

■3.B

猜测词义题

解析：考查根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义。从全文看，作者反对那种自由散漫和心血来

潮的学习方式，因此最后一段开头讲到的就是那种随心所欲的学习方式，因而选B。

■4.D

主旨题

解析：考查主旨要义。从全文看，作者都在倡导一种有节制、有规律的自律型学习方法，因

而选D。

体裁说明文词数253限时9分钟

Ifyoufollowsomeofoursuggestionsbelowandhaveenoughexercise,youcankeepyourheart

strongandhealthy.

EatFruits&Vegetables

Notonlyarefruitsandvegetableshighinvitamins,mineralsandfibre,they'realsoverylowin

caloriesandhighinantioxidants（抗氧化物质），whichcanhelppreventdisease.

PayMuchAttentiontoFibre

Fibreisfoundinfruits,vegetablesandgrains.Itkeepsthebody'sdigestivesystemrunningsmoothly

andhelpsthebodyfeelfull.Mostimportantly,soluble（可溶性的）fibrecanhelplowercholesterol

（胆固醇）.

WatchYourSodiumIntake

Sodium（钠）canraisebloodpressure.SodiuminAmericans?dietsmainlycomesfromfoodswith

addedsalt.Bycookingfreshfoodathome,youcancutbackonsodiumbyusingherbs（香草）and

spice（植物香料）forflavourandcookingwithhalfasmuchsaltasinthepast.

GoforOmega-3FattyAcids

Researchhasshownthatomega-3acidslowerfatintheblood,helpkeepthe"good”cholesterol,

andreducesuddenheartattacks,bloodclotsandstroke（血栓和中风）.

GetMoving

Exerciseisthekeytokeepinghealthy.Trytoaimforatleast30minutesofmoderateexerciseaday.

Notonlywillithelptakewasteoutofyourbody,butitwillalsoraise"good"cholesterol.

1.Inthispassage,thewritersuggeststhat

A.weshouldtakeinmuchsodiumfromfood

B.weshouldn'ttakeinanyamountoffibrefromfood

C.weshouldknowomega-3fattyacidsdoharmtoourhealth

D.moderateexerciseisgoodforhealth

2.Howmanypiecesofadvicedoestheauthorgiveusinthispassage?

A.Four.

B.Five.

C.Six.

D.Seven.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothispassage?

A.Doingexerciseisveryimportanttoourhealth.

B.Fruitsandvegetablesarehighinvitamins,mineralsandfibre.

C.Omega-3fottyacidsreducesuddenheartattacks,bloodclotsandstroke.

D.Fibrecanmakepeopleangryoften.

4.Wecaninferfromthispassagethattheauthorofthisarticlemustbe

A.ascientistwhostudiestheuniverse

B.ahealthexpert

C.agreatAmericanengineer

D.aprofessorwhoteacheslaw

【参考答案与解题思路】

■l.D

细节题，考查文中具体信息

解析：作者在第三条建议中提到“Sodium倒）canraisebloodpressure,,（钠能够提高血压），

所以我们不应该摄取更多的钠，排除A；作者在第二条建议中提到“Itkeepsthebody'sdigestive

systemrunningsmoothly”（纤维能够保持消化系统平稳运行），可以看出纤维的好处，但是B

选项说我们不应该摄取纤维，排除B：在第四条建议中作者并未说Omega-3FattyAcids有害

健康，排除C;在第五条建议中，作者说每天30分钟的适量锻炼有益健康，选择D.

■2.B

考查理解文章的基本结构

解析：从文章中可以看出作者一共提供了五条建议，分别在五个小标题下，小标题在文中都

进行了加粗，非常醒目。它们分别是"EatFruits&Vegetables'',t6PayMuchAttentionto

Fibre,HtWatchYourSodiumIntake,H4GoforOmega-3FattyAcids,,t4GetMoving”。故选B。

■3.D

细节题，考查文中具体信息

解析：在第五条建议中，作者说“Exerciseisthekeytokeepinghealthy"（锻炼对保持健康非常

重要），故A正确；从第•条建议中，我们可以知道“Fruitsandvegetablesarehighinvitamins,

mineralsandfibre”（水果蔬菜富含丰富的维生素，矿物质和纤维），故B正确；从第四条建

议中，可知C选项正确；在第二条建议中，作者谈到了纤维（fibre）的作用，tcfibrecanhelpsthe

bodyfeelful「（纤维能够让身体感到饱腹），故D选项错误。

■4.B

判断推理题，考查做出判断和推理

解析：文章就如何让人们保持身体健康提供了建议。A选项ascientistwhostudiestheuniverse

（一个研究宇宙的科学家）与文章主题严重不符，排除；B选项ahealthexpert（一个健康专

家），与文章主题吻合，最有可能为作者身份；C选项agreatAmericanengineer（一位伟大的

美国工程师）与D选项aprofessorwhoteacheslaw（一位教法律的教授）都与文章内容冲突，

排除。故选B。

体裁说明文词数427限时8分钟

IwasvainlytryingtogotosleepthateveningwhenIbecameawareoftheunfamiliarsounds.Sitting

upright,Ilistenedcarefully.

Thesoundswerecomingfromjustacrosstheriver,tothenorth,andtheywereweirdcries.Mygrip

ontherifleslowlyrelaxed.Ifthereisonethingatwhichscientistsaregood,itislearningfrom

experience;Iwasnottobefooledtwice.ThecrieswereobviouslythoseofaHusky,probablya

youngone,andIguessedthatitmustbeoneofMike'sdogsthathadgotlost,seekingitswaytothe

cabinandwasnowbeggingforsomeonetocomeandbenicetoit.

Iwasdelighted.Ifthatpuppyneededafriend,Iwasitsman.Iclimbedhurriedlyintomyclothes,

randowntotheriverbank,launchedthecanoe,andpaddledquicklyforthefarbank.Thepuppy

hadneverceaseditssadcries.Iwasabouttocalloutreassuringlywhenitoccurredtomethatan

unfamiliarhumanvoicemightfrightenit.Idecidedtostalkitinstead,andtobetraymypresentonly

whenIwascloseenoughforsoothingmurmurs.

Fromthenatureofsounds,Ihadassumedthedogwasonlyafewyardsawayfromthefarbank,but

asImademywayinthedimlight,overtherocks,thesoundsseemedtoremainatthesamevolume

whileIwasgettingnocloser.Iassumedthepuppywasmovingaway,perhapsoutofshyness.Inmy

anxietynottoscareitawayentirely,Ikeptquiet,evenwhenthecriesstopped,leavingmeuncertain

abouttherightdirectiontopursue.However,IsawasteepridgelyingaheadofmeandIsuspected

thatonceIgaineditspeak,Iwouldhaveaclearenoughviewtoenablemetolocatethelostanimal.

AsInearedtheridge,Igotdownonmystomachandcautiouslyinchedthelastfewfeet.

Myheadcameslowlyoverthetopandtherecamemyfunk.Hewaslyingdown,evidentlyresting

afterhismournfulsingsong.Hisnosewasaboutsixfeetfrommine.Westaredatoneanotherin

silence.Ididn'tknowwhatwasgoingoninhismassiveskull,butmyheadwasfullofdisturbing

thoughts.Iwaspeeringstraightintotheambergazeofafullygrownarcticwolf,whoprobably

weighedmorethanIdid,andwhowascertainlyalotbetterinclose-combattechniquesthanIwould

everbe.

1.Whydidtheauthorhurriedlyclimbintohisclothesatthecriesofapuppy?

Ilierecognized

Iliewantedtoa

Hethoughthe

C.Hethoughthecouldfindthelostpuppy.।

HewantedMike

D.HewantedMike'sHuskytofindhisfriend.1

2.Theauthorgotdownonhisstomachandcautiouslyinchedtowardstheanimalbecause

Itherewerea1

Ihecouldn*tf

Ianysoundmigh

Ithebeastmigh

3.Theword"Rink"inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto”

Iconfusion

Ihorror

loss

C.loss।

I~~delight

D.delight।

4.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthisstoryisto

persuadepeopl

A.persuadepeopletobecarefularoundwildanimals1

B.convincereadersthatwolvesarenotsodangerousaspeoplebelieve

Iwarnpeopleth

C.warnpeoplethatwolvesaregoodatdeceivingpeople1

Ientertainreac

D.entertainreaderswithanamusingandsurprisingendofastory1

【参考答案与解题思路】

■1.c

细节题，考查文中具体信息

解析：第二段中有“ThecrieswereobviouslythoseofaHusky,probablyayoungone,andI

guessedthatitmustbeoneofMike'sdogsthathadgotlost,seekingitswaytothecabinandwas

nowbeggingforsomeonetocomeandbenicetoit.”第三段开头有“Iwasdelighted.Ifthat

puppyneededafriend,IwasitslTlan.^^作者以为是一只小哈士奇迷路，他想帮助它找到家。所

以C正确。

■2.C

细节题，考查文中具体信息

解析：第四段中有“Iassumedthepuppywasmovingaway,perhapsoutofshyness.Inmyanxiety

nottoscareitawayentirely,Ikeptquiet,evenwhenthecriesstopped,leavingmeuncertainabout

therightdirectiontopursue/9可见作者很小心翼翼，怕小狗受惊吓。

■3.B

猜测词义题，考查根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义

解析：由第五段中“Iwaspeeringstraightintotheambergazeofafullygrownarcticwolf,”可

知，作者以为的小狗，其实是一只狼，这让作者惊恐万分，因而选B。A为疑惑；C为丧失；

D为愉悦。

■4.D

考查理解作者的意图、观点和态度

解析：作者的笔法属于情理之中，意料之外。描写非常生动幽默，因而选D。

体裁说明文词数568限时10分钟

Howdoesyourreadingproceed?Clearlyyoutrytocomprehend,inthesenseofidentifying

meaningsforindividualwordsandworkingoutrelationshipsbetweenthem,drawingonyour

implicitknowledgeofEnglishgrammar.Ifyouareunfamiliarwithwordsoridioms,youguessat

theirmeaning,usingcluespresentedinthecontext.Ontheassumptionthattheywillbecome

relevantlater,youmakeamentalnoteofdiscourseentitiesaswellaspossiblelinksbetween

them.Youbegintoinferacontextforthetext,forinstancebymakingdecisionsaboutwhatkindof

speecheventisinvolved:whoismakingtheutterance,towhom,whenandwhere?

Thewaysofreadingindicatedherearewithoutdoubtkindsofcomprehension.Buttheyshow

comprehensiontoconsistnotjustofpassiveassimilation（吸收）butofactiveengagementin

inferenceandproblem-solving.Youinferinformationyoufeelthewriterhasinvitedyoutograsp

bypresentingyouwithspecificevidenceandclues;andyoumakefurtherinferences,forinstance

abouthowthetextmaybesignificanttoyou,oraboutitsplausibility——inferencesthatformthe

basisofapersonalresponseforwhichtheauthorwillinevitablybefarlessresponsible.

Conceivedinthisway,comprehensionwillnotfollowexactlythesametrackforeachreader.What

isinquestionisnottheretrieval（检索）ofanabsolute,fixedor"true"meaningthatcanbereadoff

andcheckedforaccuracy,orsometimelessrelationofthetexttotheworld.Rather,weascribe（归

咎于）meaningstotextsonthebasisofinteractionbetweenwhatwemightcalltextualand

contextualmaterial:betweenkindsoforganizationorpatterningweperceiveinatext'sformal

structures（soespeciallyitslanguagestructures）andvariouskindsofbackground,socialknowledge,

beliefandattitudethatwebringtothetext.

Suchbackgroundmaterialinevitablyreflectswhoweare.Factorssuchastheplaceandperiodin

whichwearereading,ourgender,ageandsocialclasswillencourageustowardscertain

interpretationsbutatthesametimeobscureorevencloseoffothers.Thisdoesn't,however,make

interpretationmerelyrelativeorevenpointless.Preciselybecausereadersfromdifferenthistorical

periods,placesandsocialexperiencesproducedifferentbutoverlappingreadingsofthesamewords

ontheincludingfortextsthatengagewithfundamentalhumanconcerns-debatesabout

textscanplayanimportantroleinsocialdiscussionofbeliefsandvalues.

Howwereadagiventextalsodependstosomeextentonourparticularinterestinreadingit.Are

westudyingthattextandtryingtorespondinawaythatfulfillstherequirementofagivencourse?

Readingitsimplyforpleasure?Skimmingitforinformation?Waysofreadingonatrainorinbed

arelikelytodifferconsiderablyfromreadinginaseminarroom.Suchdimensionsofreading

suggest——asothersintroducedlaterinthebookwillalsodo——thatwebringanimplicit（often

unacknowledged）agendatoanyactofreading.Itdoesn'tthennecessarilyfollowthatonekindof

readingisfuller,moreadvancedormoreworthwhilethananother.Ideally,differentkindsofreading

informeachother,andactasusefulreferencepointsfbrandcounterbalancestooneanother.

Together,theymakeupthereadingcomponentofyouroverallliteracy,orrelationshiptoyour

surroundingtextualenvironment.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

Thesenseofr

一I

Therelationsk

B.Therelationshipbetweentextsandcontexts.

revi

C.Ageneralreviewofreadingstrategies.

gaini

D.Waystogaininformationfromreading.

2.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthorimpliesthat

Idifferentperc

B.thesourceandthestructureofawriter'sthoughtmakesthematerialmoremeaningful

thesourceanc

Ireaderswillir

D.meaningfulreadingistofindyourowncontextandgetyourquestionsanswered

meaningfulrea

3.Accordingtothepassage,textualandcontextualclueswillhelpreaders

Iidentifythems

A.identifythemselveswithwhathappensinreading1

findouttheir

B.findoutthemainpointsquickly1

Iengageinread

C.engageinreadingactivelyanddeeply1

Iaccessmorein

D.accessmoreinformationaboutthesounds,wordsandcontext1

4.Theauthorofthepassagewantstotellhisreadersthat

readingwillrr

A.readingwillmakenosensewithnorelationtopersonallifeconcerns।

Ireadingiswor

B.readingisworkofliteracy,grammar,contextsandpersonalexpectation1

gender,agear

C.gender,ageandsocialclasshelpareadertofocusonkeyinformation1

D.differenttypesoftextsholdinformationindifferentplacesandindifferentways

differenttype

【参考答案与解题思路】

■1.A

主旨题，考查主旨要义

解析：第一段开头有"Clearlyyoutrytocomprehend,inthesenseofidentifyingmeaningsfor

individualwordsandworkingoutrelationshipsbetweenthem,^^最后一段有"Together,theymake

upthereadingcomponentofyouroverallliteracy,orrelationshiptoyoursurroundingtextual

environment.-可见全文主要在讲阅读的意义产生的过程或者说读者怎样理解文本，所以A

正确。

■2.D

细节题，考查文中具体信息

解析：第二段中有“Buttheyshowcomprehensiontoconsistnotjustofpassiveassimilation（吸

收）butofactiveengagementininferenceandproblem-solving.”可见有意义的阅读是主动参与

和寻找答案。因而选D。

■3.C

判断推理题，考查做出判断和推理

解析：第四段中有“Preciselybecausereadersfromdifferenthistoricalperiods,placesandsocial

experiencesproducedifferentbutoverlappingreadingsofthesamewordsonthepage—including

fortextsthatengagewithfundamentalhumanconcerns-debatesabouttextscanplayanimportant

roleinsocialdiscussionofbeliefsandvalues.^^可见不同的读者因为参考的语境不同会形成对

文本不同的看法，而正是因为这些不同的看法，阅读才会变得灵活深刻。因而选C。

■4.B

考查理解作者的意图、观点和态度

解析：总结全文，第一段讲到阅读涉及语言结构即语法；后面几段主要讲读者对于语境的理

解；文章最后讲到了读者的兴趣和读写能力，所以选B。

体裁说明文词数416限时8分钟

Atfirstglance,London'sOxfordStreetlookslikeanyothercleanurbancorridor.Treesbloom.Taxis

honk.ShoppersflocktostoreslikeStarbucks,UniqloandtheGap.Ofallthewordsyoucoulduse

todescribethisdestination,dangerouswouldbelowonthelist.

ButtheairthatflowsthroughOxfordStreetisfarfrompleasing.Overtime,ithasbecomefilledwith

nitrogendioxide,apollutantthatisinvisibletothenakedeyeandcontributestoanumberofhealth

issues—asthma,lungdisease,evendeath-ifbreathedinonaregularbasis.InAugust,London's

mayor,SadiqKhan,ratedOxfordas“themostpollutedstreetintheworld“intermsofnitrogen

dioxide.

Thisisnotthenarrativewe'reusedtohearingaboutairpollution,whichforyearshasbeen

associatedwithobviousmarkers,likefumesandsmog,indevelopingcountries.

Now,however,itaffectseveryone.ArecentreportfromtheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)

estimatesthatroughly9outof10peopleliveinareaswithexcessiveairpollution.

Howdidthingsgetsobad?Theanswersdependonwhereyoulive.Inthedevelopingworld,the

mainculpritisrapidindustrialgrowth,whichhasledtothecreationofdirtyfactoriesandcoal-fired

powerplants.InEurope,it'smostlytheriseofdiesel-poweredcars,whichemitnitrogendioxide.

Globally,though,lawmakershavelatelyignoredtheproblemuntilitarrivesattheirdoorstep.

Slowly,that'sstartingtochange.InLondon,OxfordStreetandotherpollutedroadswillsoonbe

permanentlycar-free.InLosAngeles,transitofficialshavecitedairpollutionasakeydriverbehind

amovetoelectricbuses.Manypolicymakershopemeasurestoaddressclimatechange,likelast

year'sParisAgreement,willalsohelpreducepollution.

Thesemovesrepresentanimportantstart,butarealpushtocleantheairwilltakeyearsifnot

decades.Thebiggestbarriertosucheffortsmaybethecost,realorimagined.Developingcountries

relyonfactoriestofuelgrowth,andofficialshavelongfearedthatbreakingthathabitmayhurttheir

economies.

Inthemeantime,agroupofscientists,environmentalistsandentrepreneursaretryingtotacklethe

problemontheirown.Amongthem:VbgmaskandCambridgeMaskCo.,whichofferstylish

versionsoftheN95air-filtrationmask,andTZOA,whoseFitbit-likedeviceallowsuserstotrack

theairqualityaroundtheminrealtime.Ofcourse,theseeffortsaretreatingthesymptoms,notthe

problem.Butformany,that'sbetterthannothing.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

ITraditionalai

A.Traditionalairpollutionmarkersincludefumes,smogandnitrogendioxide.1

ILondonysOxfo

Manyhealthis

C.ManyhealthissuesinLondonareattributedtothetrafficinOxfordStreet.1

Nowairpollut

D.Nowairpollutionaffectsonlythoseindevelopingcountries.

2.Theunderlinedword“culprit"canbereplacedwith”

Ireason

A.reason1

Iresult

target

C.target1

Iinterest

3.Allthefollowingarecontributingfactorstotheseriousnessofairpollutionexcept

Idirtyfactorie

A.dirtyfactoriesandcoal-firedpowerplantsindevelopingcountries1

Isometouristc

..Ilawmakers,fa

C.lawmakers'failuretoaddresstheproblembeforeit'stoolate1

Itheriseofdi

D.theriseofdiesel-poweredcarsinEuropeancountries1

4.Fromthelastparagraph,wecaninferthat

Idevelopingcou

A.developingcountrieslagbehindintheireffortstodealwithairpollution1

B.somecompanieshavealreadycomeupwitheffectivemeasurestodealwithairpollution

Jsomecompanies

Iscientists,en

C.scientists,environmentalistsandentrepreneurshavemadevainefforts1

D.althoughcurrenteffortscannotresolveairpollutiondirectly,theyareworthmaking

Jalthoughcurrc

【参考答案与解题思路】

■l.B

细节题，考查文中具体信息

解析：第三段有“Thisisnotthenarrativewe'reusedtohearingaboutairpollution,whichfor

yearshasbeenassociatedwithobviousmarkers,likefumesandsmog,indevelopingcountries.”并

没有nitrogendioxide（二氧化氮）,所以A错。第二段有“InAugust,London\mayor,Sadiq

Khan,ratedOxfordas“themostpollutedstreetintheworldintermsofnitrogendioxide.”所以B

正确。第二段中有“BuitheairthatflowsthroughOxfordStreetisfarfrompleasing.Overtime,

ithasbecomefilledwithnitrogendioxide,apollutantthatisinvisibletothenakedeyeand

contributestoanumberofhealthissues",所以C错。第四段中有“Now,however,itaffects

everyone.,,所以D错误。

■2.A

猜测词义题，考查根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义

解析：culprit为“罪魁祸首、始作俑者”，第五段的第三句意为“在发展中国家，空气污染的罪

魁祸首是快速的工业增长。”因而A更接近。

■3.B

细节题，考查文中具体信息

解析：由第五段中“InEurope,it'smostlytheriseofdiesel-poweredcars,”"whichhasledtothe

creationofdirtyfactoriesandcoal-firedpowerplants,“"lawmakershavelatelyignoredtheproblem

untilitarrivesattheirdoorstep.^^可知,A、C、D正确，所以选B,没有提及。

■4.D

判断推理题，考查做出判断和推理

解析：最后一段有“Ofcourse,theseeffortsaretreatingthesymptoms,nottheproblem.Butfor

many,thafsbetterthannothing.^^虽然全球对于空气污染治理问题存在一些分歧，目前也没有

多少起色，但这总比什么都不做强，因而选D。

体裁说明文词数338限时8分钟

Whenweperceiveotherpeople,weseldomdescribeapersonincoldandobjectivewords."She

was5feet8inchestall,hadfairhair,andworeacoloredskirt.^^Moreoften,wetrytogetinsidethe

otherpersontopinpointhisorherattitudes,emotions,motivations,abilities,ideasandcharacter

traits.Furthermore,wesometimesbehaveasifwecanaccomplishthisdifficultjobveryquickly一

perhapswithatwo-secondglance.

Wetrytoobtaininformationaboutothersinmanyways.SocialscientistBergersuggestsseveral

methodsforreducinguncertaintiesaboutothers:watching,withoutbeingnoticed,aperson

interactingwithothers,particularlywithotherswhoareknowntoyousoyoucancomparethe

observedperson'sbehaviorwiththeknownothers,behavior;observingapersoninasituationwhere

socialbehaviorisrelativelyunrestrainedorwhereawidevarietyofbehavioralresponsesarecalled

fbr;deliberatelystructuringthephysicalorsocialenvironmentsoastoobservetheperson5s

responsestospecificstimuli;askingpeoplewhohavehadorhavefrequentcontactwiththeperson

abouthimorher;andusingvariousstrategiesinface-to-faceinteractiontouncoverinformation

aboutanotherperson:questions,self-disclosures(自我表露)，andsoon.

Gettingtoknowsomeoneisanever-endingtask,largelybecausepeopleareconstantlychanging

andthemethodsweusetoobtaininformationareoftenimprecise.Youmayhaveknownsomeone

fortenyearsandstillknowverylittleabouthim.Ifweaccepttheideathatwewon'teverfullyknow

anotherperson,itenablesustodealmoreeasilywiththosethingsthatgetinthewayofaccurate

knowledgesuchassecretsanddeceptions.Itwillalsokeepusfrombeingtoosurprisedorshocked

byseeminglyinconsistent(前后不一致的)behavior.Ironicallythosethingsthatkeepusfrom

knowinganotherpersontoowell(e.g.,secretsanddeceptions)maybejustasimportanttothe

developmentofasatisfyingrelationshipasthosethingsthatenableustoobtainaccurateknowledge

aboutaperson(e.g.,disclosureandtruthfulstatements).

1.Theunderlinedword“pinpoint“paragraph1isclosestinmeaningto”

appreciate

A.appreciate1

Iactivate

B.activate1

Iidentify-

C.identifyI

Iinfluence

2.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

IPeopleliketc

A.Peopleliketobedescribedincold,objectivewords.1

11isimpossib

B.Itisimpossibletogetinsideofaperson.