2024北京石景山高三一模英语试题及答案

2024北京石景山高三一模

英语

第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将

该项涂黑。

Myparentsranasmalleatery,andmyfirstrealjobwasshiningdiners'shoes.MyJincreasedasIgrew

older.AttheageoftwelveIworkedasa2.DadtoldmethatIwasthebest"mop（拖把）guy"he'deverhad.

Workingin（herestaurantwasasourceofgreatpridebecauseIwas3tothewholefamily.Butmyfather

madeitclearthatIhadtomeetcertain4tobepartoftheteam.Tliat'stosay,Ihadtobe5.hard-workingand

politetothecustomers.

Exceptfortheshoeshinejob,Iwasnever6foranywork1did.Oneday1toldDadheshouldgiveme$10a

week.Hesaid."Okay,thenhowaboutyoupayingmeforyourthreemealsaday?"Thistaughtmetha：whenyou

7_,you'dbetterknowtheotherside'sargumentsaswellasyourown.

Afterbeingawayin（hearmyforabouttwoyears,Icamebackhome.Ihadjustbeenpromotedtocaptainand

wasfullof8asIwalkedintomyparents'eatery.ThefirstthingDadsaidwas,"Welcome,mymopguy!OK,it's

thecleaner'sdayoff.Buthowaboutyoucleaningup9?',

"1can'tbelievethis!"Ithought."I'manofficerinthearmy!"Butitdidn'tmatter.AsfarasDadwasconcerned,

Iwasjustanothermemberofthe10involvedinafamilyeatery.Earlythenextmorning,Ireachedforthemop.

1.A.dutiesB.scoresC.wagesD.ideas

2.A.waiterB.cookC.cleanerD.manager

3.A.attendingB.applyingC.reactingD.contributing

4.A.standardsB.challengersC.achievementsD.customers

5.A.insistentB.confidentC.courageousD.responsible

6.A.arrangedB.praisedC.paidD.suspected

7.A.succeedB.negotiateC.operateD.promise

8.A.dignityB.respectC.curiosityD.gratitude

9.A.frequentlyB.laterC.insteadD.immediately

10.A.armyB.classC.teamD.party

第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题L5分，共15分）

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白

处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

A

Inmyoldschooldays,running11（consider）boringandpainfulforme.WhenIstartedtowork.Irealised

exerciseshouldbepartofmylifestyle.Later,runningbecamemycareer.Overtheyears,I12（coach）many

runningteams.Needlesstosay,runninghasitsbenefits.Itisbelieved13runningcandecreasetheriskofdeath.

Soareyoucurrentlynotdoingit?Iencourageyoutostartnow.

B

AlthoughStartofAutumn,the13thtraditionalChinesesolarterm,oftenindicatesthe14(begin)ofautumn,

heatwaveswillnotcometoanend.Theperiodofhightemperatures.15(call)"AutumnTiger",usuallylastsfor

about30days.Becauseofdecreasingprecipitation(降水),itisevenhotterduringthisperiodthanM;yorHeat.

Asthesayinggoes,"Ifitrains16thedayofStartofAutumn,agoodharvestisexpected."

C

AreyoustilldiscussingandgettingyourheadroundChatGPT.17potentialwilldisturbeverythingfrom

marketingtoeducation?Weil,Soraisabout18(blow)thosedebateswideopen.OpcnAI'sSora,atext-to-vidco

AImodelcapableofgenerating19(remarkable)realisticandimaginativescenesfromtextinstructions,just

enteredthechatroom.Aworldwhererealitybendstothewillofwordshasarrived,21(shape)aneweranotjust

fortechnologybutforhumanityitself.

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)

第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Wcneedpeoplelikeyou,whounderstandthepowerofscience,tofundtheresearchthatwillchangelivesin

thefuture.

BydonatingtotheMedicalResearchFoundation(MRF),you'llbefundingtheresearchthatfuturegenerations

willdependon.MRFisanindependentcharity,focusedsolelyonfundingqualitymedicalresearch.Withclose

linkstotheMedicalResearchCouncil(MRC),we'reabletochoosethemostimpactfulstudiesandadaptquicklyto

meetanyemerginghealthcrisis,thankstothesupportofpeoplelikeyou.

Yourgiftcansupportsomeofthebrightestscientificminds.Manyofthesescientistsareatthebeginningof

theircareers,whenfundingishardesttosecure.Yoursupportatthiscriticaltimecanprovidethespringboardthata

scientistneedstodrivetheirresearchandcareerforward,ensuringtheycancontinuetomakelife-changing

discoveries.

MRFhassupportedresearcherstacklingpressingchallengeslike(heBirdFlu,aswellasvitalareasofresearch

thatarcoftenoverlookedbyotherfunders,ensuringwcfillthegapsinourmedicalknowledgeandprotectthe

futureofhumanhealth.

Assomeoneinterestedinscience,youwillunderstandthatwhilenoonecanpredictwhatwewillfacenext,

wecanbecertainthatitisonlythroughambitious,high-qualitymedicalresearch(hatwewillmeetwhatevernew

challengesconicourway.Byleavingadonation,youcanhavealastingimpactonscienceandonthefutureof

Contact&Support:

$@MedResFdn

€@MedResFdn

6MedicalResearchFoundation

21.WhatdoestheMRFmainlydo?

A.ProvideservicefortheMRC.B.Predictemerginghealthcrisis.

C.Fundqualitymedicalresearch.D.Donatetopeopleinterestedinscience.

22.Byleavingadonation,youcan.

A.fill(hegapsinmedicalknowledge

B.tacklethefuturepressingchallenges

C.choosethemostimpactfulmedicalstudies

D.supportsomeofthebrightestscientificminds

23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Toraisemedicalresearchfunds.

B.Tointroducetheimpactbydonation.

C.Toanalysethehealthcrisisinthefuture.

D.Tbemploypeopledevotedtomedicalresearch.

B

Eleveno'clockatnightsawalargewomanwithalargepursewalkingalone,whenaboyranupbehindand

triedtosnatch(抢夺)herpurse.Buttheboylosthisbalanceandfellonhisback.Thewomanpickedhimup

firmlybyhisshirtfront.

"Aren'tyouashamedofyourself?"shoutedthewoman.Twoorthreepeoplepassed,stopped,andstood

watching.

"I'mverysony,lady.I'msony."whisperedtheskinnylittleboy,inbrokentennisshoes.

"Um-hum!Andyourfaceisdirty,"saidthelargewomandraggingthefrightenedboy."Sinceyouputyourself

incontactwithme,youaregoingtorememberMrs.LuellaJones.',

Hebegantostruggle,butMrs.Jonescontinuedtodraghimupthestreet.Whenshegot(oherdoor,she

draggedtheboyinside."What'syourname?"thewomanasked.

"Roger,"answeredtheboyinalowvoice."Then.Roger,yougotothatsinkandwashyourface,'ordered(he

womanandfinallyletgoofhim.

"Yougonnatakemetojail(监狱)?"askedRoger,bendingoverthesink.

"Notwiththatface,"saidMrs.Jones."Ibelieveyouwerehungrytosnatchmypurse."

"Iwantedapairofblueshoes,"repliedtheboy.

Therewasalongpause.Afterhehaddriedhisface,theboyturnedaround.Thedoorwasopen.Hecouldrun!

Afterawhile(hewomansaid,'IwasyoungonceandIwantedthingsIcouldnotget.Ihavedonethingsloo,

whichIwouldnottellanybodyelse,son."Therewasanotherlongpause.Theboy'smouthopened.

ThenMrs.Joneswenttodo(hecooking.Shedidnotwatchtheboytoseeifhewasgoingtorun,nordidshe

watchherpurseleftbehindher.Shedidnotaskhimanythingaboutwherehelived,orhisfolks.Instead,asthey

ale,shetoldhimalotaboutherjobinahotelshopandhowallkindsofpeoplecameinandout.Shecuthim

anotherpieceofhercake.

Whentheyfinishedeating,shegotupandsaid."Now,here,takethistendollarsandbuyyourselfsomeblue

shoes.Donotmakethemistake,becauseshoescomebydevilishwayslikethatwillburnyourfeet."

Sheledhimtothefrontdoor."Goodnight!Behaveyourself,son!'*shesaid,lookingoutintothestreet.

24.HowdidRogerfeelwhenMrs.Jonesmentionedherpast?-

A.Frightened.B.Surprised.C.Settled.D.Ashamed.

25.WhydidMrs.JonescallRogerson?

A.Sheintendedtogoeasyonhim.

B.Heremindedherofherownson.

C.Heputhimselftobeincontactwithher.

D.Shelackedanexcuse（oteachhimalesson.

26.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMrs.Jones?

A.Kindandgenerous.B.Ableandambitious.

C.Frankandcooperative.D.Calmandcourageous.

27.Whatcanbemainlyconcludedfromthispassage?

A.Homeiswheretheheartis.

B.Lifeisfullofupsanddowns.

C.Abestparentisloleadbyexample.

D.Agooddeedshinesthelightintothedark.

C

It'saknownfactthatemissions（排放物）fromgas-poweredvehiclesareharmingtheatmosphere.In

responsetothis,Porsche,theGermansportscarcompany,beganproducinge-fuelsatapilotplantinChilelast

year.Currently,thefuelwillbeusedonlyinsportscarsatPorsche'sperformanceandexperiencecenters.

E-fuelsaremadebypassingelectricitythroughwater.Theelectricityseparatesthehydrogenandoxygenfrom

water.ThehydrogenisthenmixedwithCO2toproducealiquide-fuel,whichcanheproducedusingmany

renewableenergysources,suchassolarandwindpower.E-fuelsfollowthechemicalstructureofgasoline,making

itpossibleforgaspoweredcarstorunonefuelsalmostwithoutanychange.

E-fuclscanhelpcasethetransformawayfromgas-powcrcdcars,forthosewhomaynotbeabletoafford

electricvehicles（EV）.Itwillalsohelptoreducewastebykeepinggas-poweredcarsinservice,insteadofthrowing

themawayprematurely.Additionally,theuseofe-fuelswillnotrequirenewfacilitytobebuiltunlikeEVs.

Existinggasstationsandcarswillbeabletostayinuse,whichisalreadyabigsaving.

Despitethemanybenefits,opinionsdifferonwhethere-fuclsarctrulycco-fricndly.E-fuclsarcwidelysaidto

benearlycarbonneutral（碳中和），althoughanindependentstudyindicatesthate-fuclsreleasethesameamount

ofCO2asgasoline.Sincee-fuelsarestillbeingdevelopedandtested,theirtrueimpactsarestillunknown.

Meanwhile,e-fuclsarcveryexpensivetoproduce,partlyduetoenergylossduringproduction.Unfortunately,only

abouthalfoftheenergyusedinproducinge-fuelsisactuallyIransformedintofuel.Additionally,onlyaboul16%of

theenergyusedinc-fuclproductionisactuallyusedtopowerthecar.Whereas,about70%ofenergyispreserved

whenpoweringanEV.Eventhoughtheuseofe-fuelswillpreseneexistingfacility,itwillstilltaketimeand

moneytointegrateitintoeverydaylife.Currently,thepriceofe-fuelsisnearlydoublethecostofregularfuel.

E-fuelsarestillaworkinprogress.Thoughopinionsaredividedone-fuels,withmoretestingand

development,theyhavebeenconsideredanotherwaytohelpfightagainsttheclimatecrisis."Therearccurrently

morethan1.3billionvehicleswithcombustion（内燃）enginesworldwide.Manyofthesewillheontheroadsfor

decadestoconic,ande-fuclsoffertheownersofexistingcarsanearlycarbon-neutralalternative.Withthec-fucls

pilotplant,Porscheisplayingaleadingroleinthisdevelopment,"saidMichaelSteiner,memberoftheExecutive

BoardforDevelopmentandResearchatPorscheAG.

28.Whatcanweleamfromthispassage?

A.E-fuelsreleasenoCO2.

B.E-fuelsweretestedinGermanyatfirst.

C.E-fuelsareapplicabletogas-poweredcars.

D.E-fuelsneedtobemixedwithCO2inactualuse.

29.TheauthorquotesMichaelSteinermainlyto.

A.drawaconclusion1.B.presentanopinion

C.furtheradiscussionD.provideasolution

30.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardse-fuels?

A.Positive.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Objective.

D

OnFeb.21,fourstudentswerestandingonthesideofPacificCoastHighwayinMalibuwhenadrivergoing

110milesperhourlostcontrolofhiscaranditcrashedintotheparkedvehicles.12peoplewerekilledatthescene,

including2drivers.

Thiskindoftrafficdeathshouldn'tbecalledanaccident.InLosAngeles,weseemtohaveacceptedconstant

carnage(屠杀)inourstreetsinexchangefbrmaximizingdriverspeedandconvenience.Theofficialresponses

toproventrafficdangersaremeregestures,ifeventhat.

LosAngelesisauniquelydeadlycitywithadeathratethatisfourtimesthenationalaverage.Unsurprisingly,

it'salsoacitythathasbeendesigneewithonethinginmind:aconceptcalledlevelofservice,whichgradesstreets

onhowwelltheyservethoseinautomobiles.TomanyAngelenos,thatmakessense—todesignourstreetsforcar

traffic,whichisthewaymanygetaround(hecity.Unfortunately,wedon'trecognizethatthere'satrade-off.Wecan

eitherhavestreetsbetteredfbrfree-flowingtraffic,orwecandesignstreetsforpeopletomovearoundsafely

outsideofcars.

Cityleadersconsistentlychoosefortheeasybutdeadlyoption.Inonerecentexample,aresidentaskedthe

city'sDepartmentofTransportationioblockdriversfromusingCochranAvenueatVeniceBoulevardasacut-

throughstreet,astheywerespeedingthroughaquietresidentialneighbourhood.Thedepartmentrespondedby

suggestinga"speedawarenesscampaign"inwhichneighbourspulupyardsignsurgingdrivers(oslowdown.

Peopledon'tdrivebasedonsignage,buttheydriveonthedesignofthestreet.ThetrunkroadsofLosAngeles

suchasVeniceBoulevardallneedtoberevisedsothatpeopleareprioritizedovercars.Thiswouldinclude

nanowingtravellanes(道)，buildingbikelanes,andbanningrightturnsatredlights.Thesemeasureswould

makedriversfeellikethey'reinacityandnotonahighway.ArecentJohnHopkinsstudysaysthiswouldhave

substantialsafetybenefits.

Withmorethan7,500milesofstreetsinthecityofLosAngeles,(heywon'tallberebuiltanytimesoon.But

witheachroadconstructionproject,oreachcrash,weshouldberevisingstreetstomakethemsaferforallroad

users.

Thesolutiontotrafficjamisn'ttomakemorespaceforcars.It'stodesignthestreetstobesafeenoughfor

alternativessuchasbiking,walkingandmasstransit,especiallyforthe50%oftripsdailyinLosAngelesthatare

lessthanthreemiles.Thesolutiontcprotectingpeoplediningoutdoorsisn'tcrashbarriers.It'sastreetdesignthat

forcesdriverstogoslowly.Theproblemiscarnageinthestreets,andweknowthesolutions.

31.WhyshouldthetrafficdeathinLosAngelesbecalled"constantcarnage”?

A.Thetrafficaccidentshappenquiteoften.

B.Toomanypeoplearckilledinthetrafficaccidents.

C.Thedrivers'speedingistoblamefor(hetrafficdeath.

D.Cityleaders'consistentchoicecontributestothetrafficdeath.

32.Whatdoestheword"trade-offunderlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?

A.Balance.B.Guideline.C.Conflict.D.Resolution.

33.Accordingtothepassage,whichisalikelysolutiontothetrafficproblem?

A.Towidentravellanes.B.Toaddmorecrosswalks.

C.Toarrangemoretrafficpolice.D.Topunishspeedingdrivers.

34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Driversfirstorwalkersfirst?B.Trafficdeathorconstantcarnage?

C.Morewarningsignsorsaferdesigns?D.Morenarrowlanesorspeedyhighways?

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）.

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中

有两项为多余选项。

About40%adultsand19%childrenintheUSareobese（肥胖豹）.Obesepeopleareatincreasedriskof

manyseriousdiseases,includinghighbloodpressureandheartdisease.35Ifyouaresufferingfromthese,

here*sawayoflosingweightthatyoucantry.

Dietary"self-monitoring"isacommonstrategy.Itinvolvesrecordingwhattheyconsume,andhowmuch.The

theoryisthatwhenthinkingofwhatyouputinyourbody,you'llmakehealthierdecisions.36There'snodoubt

（haidietaryself-monitoringhasbeenshowntohelploseweight.However,notmuchisknownabouthowlongthis

takesorhowoftenitshouldbedone.

37Recently,researchersstudiedobeseindividualsinotherwisegoodhealthwhoparticipatedina24-week

weightcontrolprogram...Theyrecordedtheirdailydietaryintakeusinganonlineprogram.Thefindings

demonstratedthatpeoplewhocontinuedtorecordtheirfoodintakedailyfbr24weekslostmoreweightcompared

tothosewhoquitnotingtheirintake.Peoplewholostatleast10%oftheirweightrecordedtheirfoodintakeabout

3timesaday.38Researchersnotedpeoplemighthavegreatersuccesswithweightlossiftheyrecorded（heir

dietaryintakeaboutthreetimesaday,ratherthanrecordingalloftheirmealsinonesitting.

Agoodprincipletofollowmaybe"writewhenyoubite".Dietaryself-monitoringcanbeperformedin

differentways-usinganonlineprogram,usingapencilorusingsmart-phoneapplications.39

A.Canitreallybethateasy?

B.Itisimportanttofindwhatworksfbryou.

C.Thus,long-termweightlosstakestimeandeffort.

D.Theriskfactorsthatdetermineobesitycanbecomplex.

E.Incomparison,thosewhorecordedlessdailylostlessweight.

F.Obesityisalsoassociatedwithalowerlifequalityandpoormentalhealth.

G.Studyshowsthemoreoftenyoulogyoureating,themoreweightyoumightlose.

第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）,

第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

Winningasignificantscienceawardisabigdeal,especiallyifyouare12yearsold.ButMarineGill,agirl

fromFresno,California,wonthetopawardintheScientificJuniorInnovatorsChallenge（SIIC）fordesigningafire

detectionsystemsuperiortoexistingones.

Marine'sinspirationcamefromafirethatdestroyedarestaurantinherneighbourhoodduringthespringof

2023."Ihadneverreallyexperiencedsomethinglikethatbefore."shetoldTheWashingtonPostabouttheearly

morningfire,whichstartedinthekitchen."Theyhadsmokedetectingdevice（设备），andyetitstillburned

dov/n."

Aftershestudiedfirestatistics,Marinespentoverhalfayeardevelopingafiredetectionsystemthatcould

havepreventedthefire.Unliketraditionalsmokedetectorsthatsenseactivefiresfromthesmokeintheair.

Marine'sthermal（热的）imagingdeviceisdesignedtostopfiresfromoccurring.

Withathermalcameraandatinycomputer,thedevicedetectswhenahealsourcehasbeenleftunattendedfor

tenminutesandsendsatextmessagewarning.Thehardestpartwastlieprogramming."Ihadtwodesigns,andmy

firstdesigncompletelyfailed.ItwasareallybigchallengeIhadtogothrough,"shesaid.Thefinaldevice

outperformstraditionalsmokedetectorsinspeedandaccuracy.Marinewantstobringthecostsdown:omakeit

evenmorecommonthanhardwiredsmokedetectors.

"Thetopwinnershave,exhibitedboundlesspossibility,"MayaFranklin,presidentofSocietyforScience,said

inthepressrelease."Theirremarkableresearchnotonlyreflectstheirtalentbutalsoputsasteppingstonetoan

excitingnewfuture/'

40.WhatdesignwonMarineGillthetopawardintheSJIC?

41.FromwheredidMarinedrawinspirationforthedesign?

42.Pleasedecidewhiuhpailisfalsein（liefulluwingslalcmciH,llicnuiidcilincitandexplainwliy.

Unliketraditionalsmokedetectors,Marine'sthermalimagingdeviceisdesignedtosenseactivefiresfromthe

smokeintheair.

43.WhatisthemainqualitythathasmadeMarineatopwinner?Why?（Inabout40words）

（请务必将答案写在答题卡指定区域内）

第二节（20分）

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华.你的英国好友Jim在汉语演讲比赛中获得第一名，他发来邮件感谢你提