译林版高中英语必修第三册UNIT3 Period4单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage)课件

Period4

UNIT3

Theworldonline主题语境

人与社会

——科技发展与信息技术创新，信息安全课时学案单元语法讲练(Grammarandusage)1．belongvi.应在(某处)；能适应belongto

属于；归……所有；是……的成员belongingn.

稳定关系，归属感asenseofbelonging

一种归属感belongingsn.

动产；财物[名师点津]

belongto不用于被动语态和进行时态。[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子

①Live

Musicisawebsitethat_______(belong)toallmusiclovers.②—Wheredothesebooksbelong?—Theybelong__thebookshelf.③Whenshemovedtoanewcity，ittooksometimetofindasenseof_________(belong)inhernewneighborhood.④离开餐馆之前记得带走属于你的所有物品。Remembertotakeeverything__________________beforeleavingtherestaurant.belongsonbelongingbelongingtoyou2．requestvt.要求，请求n．要求，请求；要求的事berequestedtodosth.

被要求做某事requeststh.fromsb.

向某人请求/要求某物requestthat.../Itisrequestedthat...

请求/要求……(that从句用虚拟语气，

谓语用“should＋

动词原形”，

其中should可省略)atone'srequest/attherequestofsb.

应某人的要求onrequest

一经请求/要求byrequest

按照要求makearequestforsth.

请求/要求得到某物makearequest＋that...

请求/要求……(从句的谓语用

“should＋动词原形”，

其中should可省略)[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子

①Asweareoftentold，visitors___________(request)nottotouchtheexhibits.②Thestaffimmediatelyrequestedthathe_____________________(reconsider)hisdecision.③You'dsoundalotmorepoliteifyoumake_requestintheformofaquestion.④要求所有学生本周末前提交他们的项目提案。_______________allthestudents(should)submittheirprojectsbytheendoftheweek.arerequested(should)reconsideraItisrequestedthat[观察例句]指出句中黑体部分所作的成分①HavinglivedinBeijingformanyyears，heknowsthecitywell. ________②Thechildreneagerlyunwrappedtheirbirthdaypresents，laughingwithexcitement．

________原因状语伴随状语③Walkingdownthestreet，shenoticedastraycatcryingforattention. ________④Shefoundhimsittingontheporch，staringintothedistance. ____⑤Thedoglyinginthesunlookedcontentandrelaxed. ____时间状语宾补定语[归纳用法]一、动词-ing的形式、意义及功能

形式意义功能动词-ingdoing主动、进行作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语(不作目的状语)和补语beingdone被动、进行havingdone主动、完成havingbeendone被动、完成Intheantcity，thequeen'sjobislayingeggs．(作表语)在蚁城，蚁后的工作是产卵。Thegirlwearingareddressishissister.(作定语)穿红色连衣裙的女孩是他的妹妹。Workinginthefactory，hewasanadvancedworker.(作时间状语)在工厂工作时，他是一名高级工人。Hedroppedtheglass，breakingitintopieces．(作结果状语)他把杯子弄掉了，使它摔得粉碎。二、动词-ing

形式作定语1．说明被修饰名词的用途和性能，必须位于被修饰词之前，且与被修饰词没有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：areadingroom(＝aroomwhichisusedforreading)阅览室asleepingcar(＝acarwhichisusedforsleeping)卧铺车厢2．表示被修饰的人或物的动作或状态，且与被修饰词存在逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动或正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性的动作或当时的状态。单个的动词-ing形式作定语时通常置于被修饰词之前，动词-ing形式短语必须置于被修饰词之后。动词-ing形式(短语)作定语，相当于一个定语从句。如：developingcountries(＝countriesthataredeveloping)发展中国家asleepingchild(＝achildthatissleeping)一个正在睡觉的孩子[即时训练1]——单句语法填空①Hewalkedaroundstifflycarryinga_______

(walk)stick.②_______(bark)dogsseldombite.③Just

Danceisawebsite_________(belong)toalldancelovers.④Theyarevisitors_______(come)fromseveralcountries.walkingBarkingbelongingcoming三、动词-ing

形式作状语动词-ing形式(短语)可在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步等，相当于一个状语从句。1．作时间状语。Whenhearingtheirteacher'svoice，thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.听到他们老师的声音后，学生们立即停止了讲话。Havingworked

fortwodays，Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.工作两天后，史蒂夫成功按时完成了报告。2．作原因状语。Notknowing

howtoworkoutthedifficultphysicsproblem，heturnedtotheteacherforhelp.不知道怎样解那道物理难题，他向老师求助。Havingbeenaskedtoworkovertimethatevening，Imissedawonderfulfilm.那天晚上我被要求加班，所以错过了一场精彩的电影。3．作条件状语。Working

hard，you'llsucceed.努力工作，你就会成功。Turningtotheleft，you'llfindthepathleadingtothevillage.左拐，你会发现通往村子的小路。4．作结果状语。通常位于句末，前面有逗号。有时为了加强语气，前面加thus.Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam，thuscausingthedelay．他们的车陷入了交通拥堵，因而延误了。Thecoolwindsweptthroughourbedroomwindows，makingtheairconditioningunnecessary．凉爽的风透过我们卧室的窗户吹进来，让空调变得毫无必要。5．作方式状语或伴随状语，说明动作发生的背景或情况。Janemovedaimlesslydownthestreet，notknowing

whereshewasheading．简在街上漫无目的地走着，不知道要往哪里去。Likeancientsailors，birdscanfindtheirwayusingthesunandthestars.像古代的水手一样，鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。6．作让步状语。有时其前可以带有连接词although，though等。

Thoughlacking

moneyandsupportfromhisfamily，hemanagedtocompletethetaskbyhimself.尽管缺少资金和家人的支持，他还是设法靠自己完成了任务。Althoughimpressingtheexaminers，heneverthelessfailed.尽管给考官留下了深刻的好印象，他还是没通过考试。[即时训练2]——完成句子①我站在那儿等她。Istoodthere，_____________．②他传播了总统将会辞职的谣言，导致那个国家的极大的混乱。Hespreadarumourthatthepresidentwasgoingtoresign，____________________________________．waitingforherleadingtoagreatconfusioninthatcountry③取得成功之后，菲奥纳希望通过其他新媒体形式吸引更多的用户。_______________________，Fionahopestoattractmoreusersthroughotherformsofnewmedia.④因为以前在那家自助餐厅吃过饭，他建议我们去那里。______________________________，hesuggestedthatwegothere.HavingachievedsuccessHavingeatenatthatcafeteriabefore四、动词-ing

形式作宾语补足语1．动词-ing形式(短语)作宾语补足语时，置于宾语后面；

与宾语存在逻辑上的主谓关系，宾语是其逻辑主语，表示一个正在进行的主动动作，或强调一种状态。Iheardhimplayingthepiano．我听见他在弹钢琴。Ifthespeakersaregood，youwillfindyourselfagreeingwithbothofthem．如果(双方)发言者都很棒，你会发现你对双方的观点都赞同。注意：当句子转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式(短语)便作主语补足语。Hewasheardplayingthepiano．有人听见他在弹钢琴。2．以下两类动词(短语)能跟动词-ing形式(短语)作宾语补足语(1)表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(短语)，常见的有see，hear，feel，smell，find，notice，observe，lookat，listento等。Listeningtomusicathomeisonething；goingtohearitbeingperformedliveisquiteanother.在家听音乐是一回事，去现场听被演奏的音乐完全是另一回事。

注意：see，hear，feel，watch等感官动词之后可跟动词-ing形式(短语)和动词不定式(通常省略to)作宾语补足语。前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示(或强调)动作的全过程。(2)表示“致使”意义的使役动词，常见的有have，get，keep，leave等。Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting．不好意思让你久等了。Iwon'thaveyourunning

aboutintheroom.我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。[即时训练3]——补全句子①Thewomanhadtheideaaftershe_____________________________(看女儿跳舞)twoyearsago.②Shealways__________________(觉得跳舞能令人放松)afteralongdayatschool.③Hisremarks_______________(让我想知道)abouthisrealpurpose.watchedherdaughterdancingfounddancerelaxingleftmewondering短文语境填空AsmydaughterandIparkedinfrontofourlocalgrocerystore，undertheeaves(屋檐)infrontofuswereahomelessgentlemanandhisdog.1．_______(enter)thestore，IdecidedthattheleastIcoulddowastobuylunchforthegentlemanandfoodandwaterforhisdog.2．_________(stand)atthecheckout(付款台)Inoticedthemaninthestore3．_________(try)tocalculatewhathecouldgetwiththeEnteringStandingtry/tryingchange4．_____(give)tohimbysomeonewhileIwasinside.MyfirstthoughtwasthatIknewwhowaswatchinghisdog.AsIexited，myveryshydaughterwasthere，5．_______(keep)aneyeonandplayingwithhisdog.Thegentlemancameoutshortlyafterme，6．_________(surprise)toseethathehadlunch7．_______(wait).Certainlyhefoundhisdog8．___(feed)byus.Hethankedbothofus.I

nodded，9．______(say)thatinsuchtimesweallneedsomehelpandthathopefullytherewillalwaysbesomeonethere10．_____(do)sowhenweeachneedit.givenkeepingsurprisedwaitingfedsayingtodo课下预习第二篇课文(Extendedreading)①begluedtosth.全神贯注看着某物，离某物很近gluev.黏合，粘贴②reachfor伸手去拿(也可以表示为reachoutfor)③adeadbattery没电的电池deadadj.用完了的④takeup占据，占用⑤couldhavedone本来能够做某事⑥slideintothehabit陷入这种习惯slidev．逐渐陷入⑦knocksb.offone'sfeet撞倒某人，使某人双脚离地⑧makeupone'smind某人下定决心⑨beusedto习惯于(后跟动词时用动词-ing形式)⑩ofvalue有价值的(此处作后置定语)⑪stretchout伸展；延深⑫disconnectedadj.断开的；无关联的⑬keepajournalof记日记journaln．日记；报纸，杂志⑭revealvt.展示，显出；揭示，透露⑮earthyadj.人间的，尘世的，世俗的⑯wide-rangingconversation话题广泛的交谈rangen．范围，方面⑰brieftexts简短信息文本⑱enjoyeachother'scompany享受彼此的陪伴companyn．陪伴⑲givemeagreatappreciationfor让我好好享受……⑳takeadvantageof利用Smartphone：asmartchoice?Iwasasmartphoneaddict.Myeyesweregluedto①thelittlescreenwheneverIwalkeddownthestreet，haddinnerwithfriendsorlayinbedatnight[1].ThefirstthingIdidwhenIwokeupinthemorningwasreachfor②myphone.

[2]IalwaysaskedforWi-FiconnectionswhenIwenttoanewrestaurantorcoffeeshop.Adeadbattery③inmysmartphonewouldmakemefeelstressed.SometimesIhadtheuncomfortablefeelingthatthislittlemachinehadtakenup④toomuchofmytime，andthatIcouldhavedone⑤somethingmoremeaningfulthanjustlookingatatinyscreenallday.Slidingintothehabit⑥waseasy，butitwasdifficulttoquitthehabit.[1]whenever引导时间状语从句。[2]was后的reach省略不定式符号to，因为前面主语部分有did。ThenthedaycamewhenIfinallyrealizedIhadtomakeachange[3].Headdown，eyesonmysmartphone[4]，Isteppedintotheroadandacarshotpast，nearlyknockingmeoffmyfeet⑦！Atthatverymoment，Imadeupmymind⑧tospendawholeweekwithoutmysmartphone.[3]when引导定语从句，修饰theday，被谓语动词came隔开。[4]此处为独立主格结构作状语。Thefirstdaywasthehardest.Iwasusedto⑨checkingthenewsandmyfriends'socialmediaupdateseveryfewminutes，butnowIdidnotknowwhattodowithmyself.Ikeptreachingformypocket，formysmartphonethatwasnotthere[5].Ifeltlostandanxious，asifIhadmissedsomethingofvalue⑩.Verysoon，timesloweddown.Theemptyhoursstretchedout⑪infrontofme，andIfeltdisconnected⑫fromeveryoneandeverything.[5]that引导定语从句，修饰smartphone。Itwasscaryatfirst.ThensomehowIbegantofeelfree.ThethingsthatIhadtimefor！[6]IfinallypickeduptheclassicnovelIhadalwayswantedtoreadandwassoonlostinthebeautifullanguage.Ikeptajournalof⑬myfeelings，thoughtsanddailyactivitiestoseehowmuchprogressIwasmaking[7].IwentoutforarunandfeltmorealivethanIhadindays[8].Thedetailsofthescenewererevealed⑭infrontofme：thesoftsunlight，abirdsingingfromahightreebranch，therichandearthy⑮smellofthesoilaftertherain.Bestofall，Ibegantoappreciatethebeautyinlifewithmyowneyes，insteadofthroughmysmartphonecamera.[6]此处是省略句，句子主干仅保留了Thethings，用以强调。that引导定语从句。[7]此处是定语从句，修饰progress，省略了引导词that/which，包含的词组为makeprogress。[8]Ihad...为定语从句省略形式，完整形式为Ihadfelt。Myofflinerelationshipsbenefitedaswell.Iwentforalongwalkwithanoldfriend.Ourwide-rangingconversation⑯wentsomuchdeeperthanbrieftexts⑰evercould.Witheyesnolongerfixedonourphones，wehadachancetoreallyenjoyeachother'scompany⑱.Ialsomadesuretospendmoretimewithmyparents.Wewenttotheopera，playedbadminton，andvisitedmuseums.Onenight，mymothertookoutsomefamilyphotosandwelaughedaboutoldtimes.Ibroughtthemuptodatewithwhatwasgoingoninmylife.Wehadneverfeltclosertoeachother.Bytheendoftheweek，Ialmostdidnotwanttoturnmyphonebackon.Thosesevendayshavegivenmeagreatappreciationfor⑲lifebe