译林版高中英语必修第三册UNIT2 Period4单元语法讲练(Grammar and usage)课件

Period4

UNIT2

Naturaldisasters主题语境人与自然

——自然灾害与防范，安全常识与自我保护课时学案单元语法讲练(Grammarandusage)1．shockn．震惊，惊愕；令人震惊的事；剧烈震动vt.使震惊；使气愤beashocktosb.

对某人来说是一个打击shockedadj.

吃惊的；震惊的shockingadj.

令人震惊的beshockedat/by...

对……感到震惊beshockedtosee/hear/findsth.

看到/听到/发现某事很震惊[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子

①They_____________(shock)tohearthatthehospitalwasclosingdown.②Thenewsofthesuddendeathofthefamousactorwas________(shock)tohisfans.③Winningthechampionshipwas___shockthatcompletelychangedMary'slife.④我对这部电影意外的结局感到震惊；这不是我预料中的。I_________________________________ofthemovie；itwasnotwhatIhadanticipated.wereshockedshockingawasshockedbytheunexpectedending2．scarevt.&vi.惊吓，害怕n．恐慌；惊吓scare(sb./sth.)away/off

(把某人/某物)吓跑scareodoingsth.

恐吓某人做某事scaresb.todeath

把某人吓得要死scaredadj.

惊恐的；害怕的(指人或动物突然

受到刺激所产生的恐惧的心理状态)scaryadj.

引起惊慌的；吓人的(多用于指

事物令人惊恐、害怕的特征)[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子

①Someparentstrytoscaretheirchildren____behavingwell.②Theloudthunder______(scare)thelittlegirlandsherantohermotherforcomfort.③Thehorrormoviewasso_____(scare)thatIhadnightmaresfordaysafterwatchingit.④我恐高得要命，所以我从不走近高楼的边缘。I__________________________，soInevergoneartheedgeoftallbuildings.intoscaredscaryamscaredtodeathofheights3．powern．电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量vt.以动力驱动；供电beinpower

执政；掌权comeinto/topower＝takepower

上台；执政holdsb.inone'spower...

使某人在……的控制之下beyond/outofone'spower

某人无权/力所不能及apowerfailure

停电apowerstation/plant

发电站；发电厂powerfuladj.

有影响力的；有势力的[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子

①Suchis___poweroftheInternetthatitcanmakeapersonsuddenlyfamous.②I'msorryit's_______mypowertomakeafinaldecision.③Thecitywashitbya_________(power)stormthatknockeddowntreesandpowerlines.④这款电动自行车由一块电池供电，充电一次可行驶60英里。Theelectricbike____________________thatcanlastupto60milesonasinglecharge.thebeyondpowerfulispoweredbyabattery4．runoutof用完，耗尽runout

为不及物动词短语，主语为物，

不能用于被动语态runoutof

为及物动词短语，主语为人useup

为及物动词短语，主语为人，

相当于runoutofgiveout

为不及物动词短语，相当于runout[即学即练]——补全句子/完成句子

①He_____________________(花光)hismoneyandhispatienceisalso__________(耗尽).②Foodinthefloodedarea_______________________(很快被消耗尽)sincemoreandmorepeoplebecamehomeless.③Afteramonth，theirfoodsupplies______________(耗尽).④北京有如此多的名胜以至于大多数游客根本没有时间看完。SomanyplacesofinterestdoesBeijingofferthatmostvisitors___________________beforeseeingthemall.hasrunoutof/hasuseduprunningoutranoutfast/wasusedupfastgaveout/ranoutsimplyrunoutoftime5．supplyn．补给，补给品；供应；供应量，储备vt.供应，供给，提供asupplyof

……的供给量beinshortsupply

供应短缺supplysb.with

sth./supplysth.tosb.

(尤指大量)供应给某人某物[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子

①Sheneededtosupplyhercontactinformation___theregistrationprocess.②Theteachersuppliedthestudents____allthenecessarymaterialsforthescienceexperiment.③Thegovernmentdecidedtoincreasefundingtoensureastablesupply__cleanwatertothevillage.④这家工厂通过增加生产能力来满足对其产品的需求。Thefactorywasable_________________________________________byincreasingproductioncapacity.forwithoftosupplythedemandfortheirproducts动词不定式作定语和结果状语不定式作定语表示尚未发生或者即将发生的事情。不定式作结果状语多表示紧接谓语动词后发生的动作或状态，或者描述谓语动词所造成的结果。不定式的一般式为todo(主动形式)和tobedone(被动形式)。[观察例句]指出句中不定式所作的成分①IwasstayinginAtlanta，whichwasoneofthecitiestobehitbyahurricane. ______②IturnedontheTVforsomenews，onlytohearthatahurricanewasonitsway. __________③Therewasnothingformetodobutstayathome. ______④Ihadenoughfoodandwatertolastawholeweek! __________⑤Ilookedoutofthewindow，onlytoseehugetreeslyingacrossthestreet. __________作定语作结果状语作定语作结果状语作结果状语[归纳用法]一、动词不定式作定语不定式作定语置于被修饰词的后面，与被修饰词的逻辑关系如下：1．主谓关系被修饰词是动词不定式的动作发出者。此时用不定式的主动形式，被修饰词前通常有only，very，first，next，last等形容词或序数词。He'salways

thefirstpersonoftheteamtoputforward

thesolutiontotheproblem.他总是团队里第一个提出问题解决方案的人。2．动宾关系被修饰词是动词不定式的动作承受者。此时应根据需要用不定式的主动或被动形式。Theonlysoundtobeheardwasthesoughingofthewind.唯一被听到的声音是风的沙沙作响。Hehasalargefamilytosupport．他得养一大家人。therebe句型中的不定式可用主动或被动形式。Thereissomuchworktodo/tobedone.有许多工作要做。如果不定式中的动词是不及物的，

需要增加合适的介词。Doyouhaveenoughpapertowriteon?你有足够的纸来写字吗？3．同位关系动词不定式对所修饰的词起到补充说明的作用。这些被修饰词一般为question，ability，ambition，attempt，chance，courage，time，decision，effort，failure，moment，promise，right，way，wish，answer，reason等。Thevoluntaryservicegivesyouachancetochangelives，includingyourown.志愿服务给你一个改变生活的机会，

包括(改变)你自己的生活。

Youshouldgrasptheabilitytosolve

thecomplexproblems．你应该掌握解决复杂问题的能力。[即时训练1]——完成句子①要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。Thecar_____________isforhissister.②格林一家有一幢舒适的房子居住。TheGreenshave___________________________．③她是第一位在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。Shewas_______________________________intheOlympicGames.tobeboughtacomfortablehousetoliveinthefirstfemaletowinthegoldmedal二、动词不定式作结果状语动词不定式作结果状语常用于以下结构：1．so...astodosth./such...astodosth.太……以至于……Wouldyoupleasebesokindastohelpme?您能好心帮帮我吗？

Heissuchafoolastobelievethem.他如此傻以至于相信他们。2．常与only，never等连用，与only连用表示出乎意料的结果Hewenttoschoolearlyonlytofindnobodywasthere.他早早地去了学校，

结果却发现学校没人。

Shewentabroadnevertoreturn．她出国了，结果再也没回来。3．too...todosth.太……以至于不能做某事

Thetrunkistoosmalltoholdallthesethings.这个后备箱太小以至于装不下所有这些东西。4．...enough...todosth.足够……做某事

Thegirlwasluckyenoughtogetatrainticket.这个女孩足够幸运，抢到了一张火车票。[即时训练2]——单句语法填空①Hehurriedtotheschool，only________(find)therewasnobodyoncampus.②Whenquestionedbythemedia，theyweretoonervous_______(say)anything.③Thesedays，football，goingbackovertwothousandyearstoancientChina，isfunenough_________(attract)millionsofpeople.④Thecasewastooheavy___________(carry)byachild.tofindtosaytoattracttobecarried短文语境补全句子Thisafternoon，Iwenttotheschoollibrarytofindbooksabouthurricanes.At3p.m.，IarrivedatMrLi'soffice，1．____________________________(结果发现他不在办公室).Justthen，IsawanotefromMrLiontheofficedoor2．_______________________________(上面说他在会议室).Iwentthereandwetalkedabouthisexperiencesduringastronghurricane.Mr

Lidescribedthehurricaneingreatonlytofindhewasnotinhisofficesayinghewasinthemeetingroomdetail.Healsomentionedacharityevent3．____________(募集资金)forthedisasterarea.Ourinterviewendedat3：50p.m.becauseMrLihad4．_____________________(要参加员工会议)at4p.m.NextIwentthroughmynotesofMrLi'sexperiencesat5p.m.IwenttotheschoolcomputerroomtomakePPTslidesformyproject.toraisefundsastaffmeetingtoattend课下预习第二篇课文(Extendedreading)①leavehismarkon产生影响markn．印记，特征②classicadj.经典的classicaladj.古典的③systematicallyadv.系统地，有条理地④unearthvt.使出土，挖掘，发掘⑤pleasureboats游船⑥therich富人们“the＋形容词”可用于表示一类人，如thepoor穷人；theyoung年轻人⑦inalldirections向着四面八方⑧cloud-cappedadj.高耸入云的，耸入云霄的capvt.覆盖⑨now...now...时而……时而……⑩betocome即将来临betodo将要发生⑪unspeakableadj.无法形容的；不能以言语表达的⑫shootv．喷发出⑬taketheformof形成……的形状⑭dyingred熄灭之前的暗红dyingadj.最后的，快要结束的⑮anunbearablelight刺眼的强光unbearableadj.难以忍受的；承受不住的⑯mountain-cloud山云：一种出现在山区的云，通常由于山体阻挡气流而形成。⑰throwoutashowerofashes抛洒下阵雨似的火山灰throwout扔掉。本句中表示“喷出”。showern．阵雨；一阵⑱manya许多⑲eachturnedtofly...每个人都转身飞跑……⑳rollaway(指时间)迅速移动㉑digv．(dug，dug)挖掘，发掘㉒restingplacen．长眠之地㉓remainsn．古迹，遗迹TheLastDaysofPompeii(Excerpt)EdwardBulwer-Lytton(1803－1873)wasatalentedBritishwriterwholefthismarkon①theEnglishlanguage.Hisclassic②novelThe

Last

Days

of

PompeiiimagineslifeintheancientRomancityofPompeiiintheyear79，whenMountVesuviuserupted[1].ThisterriblenaturaldisasterdestroyedPompeiicompletely，butitalsokepttheancientcityasitwasforfutureages[2].Since1748，Pompeiihasbeensystematically③

unearthed④.Todayitisaninternationaltouristdestination.[1]when引导定语从句，修饰theyear79。[2]as引导方式状语从句，意为“按照/像原貌”。PompeiiwasatypicalRomancity.Initslittleshops，itstinypalaces，itsforum，itswinebars，itstheatre—intheenergyandskillofitspeople，yousawamodelofthewholeRomanEmpire.Tradingshipsbringingimportstothecityorcarryingexportsoverseas，alongwithgoldenpleasureboats⑤for

therich⑥，werecrowdedtogetherintheglassywateroftheport.Theboatsofthefishermenmovedrapidlyinalldirections⑦.Aboveall，thecloud-capped⑧topofMountVesuviusappeared.Itsashyrocks，nowdark，nowlight⑨，toldastoryofpasteruptionsthatmighthavewarnedthecitywhatwastocome⑩[3]![3]what引导宾语从句，作havewarned的宾语。

Theawfulnightrolledslowlyaway，andthedawngreylybrokeonTHELASTDAYOFPOMPEII!Thecrowdlookedupwards，andsaw，withunspeakable⑪fear，ahugecloudshooting⑫fromthetopofthevolcano.Ittooktheformof⑬ahugetree：thetrunk，blackness，thebranches，fire！Thisfiremovedandchangedincolourwitheverymoment：nowitwaswildlybright，nowofapaleanddyingred⑭，andnowagainitburntwithanunbearablelight⑮！Thecriesofwomenbrokeout；themenlookedateachother，butweresilent.Atthatmoment，theyfelttheearthshakingbeneaththeirfeet；beyondinthedistance，theyheardthecrashoffallingroofs.Amomentlater，themountain-cloud⑯seemedtorolltowardsthem，darkandrapid，likeariver；atthesametime，itthrewout

ashowerofashes⑰andhugepiecesofburningstone!Overtheemptystreets—overtheforum—farandwide—withmanya⑱noisycrashinthestormysea—fellthatawfulshower！[4][4]本句为完全倒装句。地点、方位状语置于句首时可使用完全倒装句，句子主语是shower。Eachturnedtofly⑲—eachrunning，pressing，pushingagainsttheother.If，inthedarkness，wifewasseparatedfromhusband，orparentfromchild，therewasnohopeoftheirmeetingagain.Eachhurriedblindlyandfearfullyon.Socametheearthquake...andsoendedlifeinPompeii.Nearlyseventeencenturieshadrolledaway⑳beforethecityofPompeiiwasdug㉑fromitssilentrestingplace㉒.Itswallswerefreshasifpaintedyesterday；notasinglecolourchangedontherichpatternofitsfloors