北京市房山区2024-2025学年高二上学期期末英语试题【含答案解析】

房山区2024-2025学年度第一学期学业水平调研（二）高二英语本试卷共10页，满分100分，考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Leapingonanarrowbalancebeam(平衡木)isnoteasy.ButLolaWalter,a13-year-oldgymnast,isanexpertatit.Toperfectherskills,Lola___1___forfourhoursaday,fivedaysaweek.AtthestatechampionshipsinMarch,shefinishedseventhout.of-16-girls.That’sespeciallyimpressive,sincesheislegallyblind,bornwitharareconditionthatcauseshereyestoshiftconstantly.Sheoftenseesdoubleandcan’ttellhowfarawaythingsare.Whenshewaslittle,hermom___2___thateventhoughshecouldn’tseewell,shewasfearless.Sohermomsignedherupforgymnasticswhenshewasthree.Shelovedthesportrightaway.Thoughlearninggymnasticshasbeenmore___3___forherthanforsomeofherteammates,shehasneverquit.Shedoesn’tlether___4___stopherfromdoinganythingthatshewantsto.Herbiggest___5___isthebalancebeam.Becauseshehasdoublevision,sheoftenseestwobeams.Shemustusehersenseoftouchtohelpherduringherroutine.“Youhaveto___6___yourmindthatit’lltakeyouwhereyouwanttogo;”saysLola.Thebeamisprobablythemostfearfulforanyonebecauseit’sfourincheswide.Atthestatecompetition,shegotan8.1outof10.Lolaneverthinksabout___7___.Sheispresentlyatlevel7whilethehighestislevel10ingymnastics.Her___8___istoreachlevel9.Shesaysshewantstobeagymnasticscoachtopassdownwhatshe’slearnedtootherkidswhenshegrowsup.Lolais___9___ofallherhardworkandsuccess.Shesaysit’shelpedherovercomeproblemsinherlifeoutsidegymnastics,too.Her_____10_____forothersis“justbelieveourself”.1.A.runs B.trains C.teaches D.dances2.A.imagined B.suspected C.noticed D.remembered3.A.boring B.difficult C.enjoyable D.satisfactory4.A.talent B.nature C.condition D.quality5.A.doubt B.advantage C.program D.challenge6.A.trust B.open C.express D.examine7.A.showingup B.givingoff C.showingoff D.givingup8.A.goal B.range C.view D.standard9.A.tired B.proud C.ashamed D.confident10.A.plan B.reward C.advice D.responsibility【答案】1.B2.C3.B4.C5.D6.A7.D8.A9.B10.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位叫洛拉的13岁体操运动员，她天生患有视力障碍，但通过自己的努力克服困难，最终取得成功的故事。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了完善她的技能，洛拉每周训练五天，每天训练四个小时。A.runs跑步；B.trains训练；C.teaches教；D.dances跳舞。根据前文“Toperfectherskills(为了完善她的技能)”可知，为了达到这个目的，洛拉每天“训练”四个小时，一周五天。故选B项。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她还小的时候，她的妈妈注意到，尽管她看不清楚，但她无所畏惧。A.imagined想象；B.suspected怀疑；C.noticed注意；D.remembered记得。根据后文“eventhoughshecouldn’tseewell,shewasfearless(尽管她视力不好，但她很无畏)”可知，这是她妈妈“注意到”的事情。故选C项。【3题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然学习体操对她来说比她的一些队友更难，但她从未放弃。A.boring无聊的；B.difficult困难的；C.enjoyable享受的；D.satisfactory令人满意的。根据前文“That’sespeciallyimpressive,sincesheislegallyblind,bornwitharareconditionthatcauseshereyestoshiftconstantly.”可知，她是法定盲人，天生有一种罕见的疾病导致她的眼睛不停地转动，经常看到重影且无法判断物体的距离。由此可知，学习体操对她来说比她的一些队友更“困难”。故选B项。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她不会让自己的身体状况阻止她做任何她想做的事。A.talent天资；B.nature自然；C.condition状况；D.quality质量。根据前文“eventhoughshecouldn’tseewell,shewasfearless(尽管她视力不好，但她很无畏)”可知，她视力不好，但是她不让她的“状况”阻止她做任何她想做的事情。故选C项。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她最大的挑战是平衡木。A.doubt怀疑；B.advantage优点；C.program节目；D.challenge挑战。根据后文“Becauseshehasdoublevision,sheoftenseestwobeams.Shemustusehersenseoftouchtohelpherduringherroutine.(因为她有重影，她经常看到两根平衡木。在她的动作过程中，她必须用她的触觉来帮助她)”可知，平衡木对她来说是最大的“挑战”。故选D项。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你必须相信自己的想法，它会带你去你想去的地方，”洛拉说。A.trust相信；B.open打开；C.express表达；D.examine检查。根据句意以及下文“thatit’lltakeyouwhereyouwanttogo”可知，你必须相信你的头脑会带你去你想去的地方。故选A项。【7题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：洛拉从没想过要放弃。A.showingup出现；B.givingoff发出；C.showingoff炫耀；D.givingup放弃。根据下文“Her___8___istoreachlevel9.”可知，她目标是达到9级，可知她从不考虑“放弃”。故选D项。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的目标是升到9级。A.goal目标；B.range范围；C.view观点；D.standard标准。根据前文她目前7级，最10级，以及后文“toreachlevel9(达到9级)”可知，“达到9级”是她的“目标”。故选A项。【9题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：洛拉为自己的努力和成功感到自豪。A.tired疲劳的；B.proud自豪的；C.ashamed羞耻的；D.confident自信的。根据前文她克服困难取得成功，以及后文“Shesaysit’shelpedherovercomeproblemsinherlifeoutsidegymnastics,too.(她说这也帮助她克服了体操之外生活中的问题)”，可知，洛拉为她所有的努力和成功感到“骄傲”。故选B项。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她给别人的建议是“相信自己”。A.plan计划；B.reward奖励；C.advice建议；D.responsibility责任。根据后文“justbelieveinyourself(只要相信自己)”可知，这是她给别人的“建议”。故选C项。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。EteneshDirohadalmostcompletedtwothirdsofthe3000msteeplechase,whendisasterstruck.Shegottangledupwithsomeothercompetitors.Itmadeherfall.Herrightshoestartedtocomeoff.But____11____(try)topulltheshoebackoncostherprecioustime.Soshe____12____(throw)theshoeaway.Sherantherestoftherace____13____justoneshoeon.Itraisedabigcheerforher.Luckily,she____14____(give)achancetocompeteinthefinallater.Losingashoedidn’tkeepherfromtakingpart.Thisisthetruespiritofsport.【答案】11.trying12.threw13.with14.wasgiven【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了运动员EteneshDiro在3000米障碍赛中经历意外但仍坚持比赛的故事，体现了体育精神。【11题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是试图把鞋子重新穿上浪费了她宝贵的时间。空白处在句子中作主语，应使用动名词，故填trying。12题详解】考查动词时态。句意：因此她把鞋子扔掉了。空白处在句子中作谓语，因句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应使用一般过去时，故填threw。【13题详解】考查介词。句意：她穿着一只鞋跑完了剩下的比赛。设空处与下文构成with的复合结构，描述一种伴随状态，故填with。【14题详解】考查被动语态。句意：幸运的是，她后来得到了参加决赛的机会。谓语动词give与主语she之间是被动关系，要使用被动语态，因句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应使用一般过去时的被动语态，又因主语she为单数，故填wasgiven。B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Ecotourismisatypeoftourism____15____conservestheenvironment.It____16____(encourage)peopletoberesponsibletravellersandinvolveseducatingthemaboutthenaturalworld.For____17____(country)suchasCostaRica,KenyaandNepal,ecotourismisanimportantpartoftheeconomy.Someecotourismholidaysinvolvevoluntarywork,suchasplantingtreesorcountingendangeredanimals.【答案】15.that##which16.encourages17.countries【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了生态旅游是一种保护环境的旅游。它鼓励人们成为负责任的旅行者，并教育他们了解自然世界。【15题详解】考查定语从句。句意：生态旅游是一种保护环境的旅游。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词atypeoftourism，指物，在从句中作主语成分，所以为关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。【16题详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：它鼓励人们成为负责任的旅行者，并教育他们了解自然世界。根据文章整体时态以及本句描述的客观事实可知，句子时态为一般现在时，主语“It”是第三人称单数，所以动词“encourage”要用第三人称单数形式encourages。故填encourages。【17题详解】考查名词复数形式。句意：对于哥斯达黎加、肯尼亚和尼泊尔等国家来说，生态旅游是其经济的重要组成部分。根据后面列举的“CostaRica,KenyaandNepal”可知，这里说的是多个国家，“country”是可数名词，所以要用复数形式countries。故填countries。C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Thefirstlandmarktocatch,myeyeisthesplendidQingshuiheBridge,theworld’slongestbridge____18____(build)overpermafrost.Look!AgroupofTibetanantelopesismovingunderthebridge,withsomestoppingtoeatgrassattheirleisure.Thirty-threepassageshavebeenconstructedundertherailwaytoallowtheanimals____19____(move)safelyandfreelyintheirnaturalhabitat.WildanimalssuchastheseTibetanantelopeshavenowbeenusingthesepassagesforyears.Theyseem____20____(total)unawarethatwearespeedingpastatover100kilometresanhour.【答案】18.built19.tomove20.totally【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要描述了在清水河大桥飞驰而过时看到的情景。【18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：首先映入眼帘的是壮丽的清水河大桥，它是世界上最长的建在永久冻土上的桥梁。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰theworld’slongestbridge，theworld’slongestbridge和build为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填built。【19题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：铁路下面修建了33条通道，让动物们在自然栖息地安全、自由地活动。“allowsb./sth.todosth.”是固定短语，意为“允许某人/某物做某事”，所以此处用动词不定式tomove作宾语补足语。故填tomove。【20题详解】考查副词。句意：他们似乎完全没有意识到我们正以每小时100多公里的速度飞驰而过。此处修饰形容词“unaware”，应该用副词形式，total的副词是totally，意为“完全地”，所以填totally，“totallyunaware”表示“完全没有察觉到”。故填totally。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAgooddoormatisamustallyearround.Ourbeautifullyhandmadedoormatsaremadefromtraditionalmaterials.Theyarehard-wearingandlong-lasting,protectyourfloorsfrombeingtrackedindirtanddust,andcleanshoesbrilliantly.Ourbeautifulmatsdecoratethedoorstepsofmanymuseums.Theyaremadeofhighqualitynaturalmaterialsandfitinperfectlywiththeirsurroundings,inawiderangeofthicknessestomakeamattoyourexactneeds.OurdoormatsarehandmadeinourUKworkshoptoensuretheirmaximumuse.Ourpersonalizeddoormatsmakebrillianthousewarmingorweddinggifts,andareperfectforwelcomingvisitorstoyourhomewithauniquemessage.Wearealsoabletoproducecomplexdesignlogosforbusinesses.Yourchosendesigniscutoutofthenaturalmaterialsandeachpartofthedesignisreplacedwithcoloredmaterial,sothedesigngoesallthewaytothebottomofthemat.Thisisamuchmorecomplexprocessthansimpleprinting,butmatsmadebythismethodlastmuchlonger.Withover30yearsofexperienceintheproductionofhandmadedoormats,ourworkshopisanexpertinitsfield.Ourworkersareskilledincreatinghandmademats,usingtechniquesthathavebeenhandeddownthroughthegenerations.Pleasecalltodiscussyourrequirementssothatwecanadviseonthemostappropriatesolutionforyourhome.Wearehappytogiveadvicewithnocharge.Nowwehaveaspecialofferforaweek,duringwhichyoucanenjoyahalfdiscountandafreedelivery.Calluson02088195869.21.Whatcanweknowaboutthedoormats?A.Theycanbeusedforalongtime. B.Theyaremadeofthelatestmaterials.C.TheyaremadebymachinesintheUK. D.Theycancleanupthedirtanddustthemselves.22.Accordingtothepassage,apersonalizeddoormat.A.isdesignedinamuseum B.canheatthehouseC.ishandeddowntothechildren D.canbeagreatweddingpresent23.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atravelguide. B.Abookreview.C.Afashionmagazine. D.Asciencereport.【答案】21.A22.D23.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了手工制作的门垫，包括其材质、特点、用途（可作为礼物、用于商业等），还提到了制作工艺和优惠活动等。21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Theyarehard-wearingandlong-lasting,protectyourfloorsfrombeingtrackedindirtanddust,andcleanshoesbrilliantly.(它们耐磨且经久耐用，可以保护你的地板不被泥土和灰尘所拖累，还能很好地清洁鞋子。)”可知，这些门垫耐磨且耐用，能长时间使用。故选A项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Ourpersonalizeddoormatsmakebrillianthousewarmingorweddinggifts,andareperfectforwelcomingvisitorstoyourhomewithauniquemessage.(我们的个性化门垫是乔迁之喜或结婚礼物的绝佳选择，也非常适合用独特的信息欢迎来访的客人。)”可知，个性化的门垫是很棒的乔迁礼物或结婚礼物。故选D项。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据文章大意可知，本文主要介绍了手工制作的门垫，包括其材质、特点、用途（可作为礼物、用于商业等），还提到了制作工艺和优惠活动等，整体是关于家居用品的介绍，由此可推知，这篇文章可能来自一本时尚杂志。故选C项。BAsachild,WangJunyanneverdreamedofbecomingafamouspersononTV.NowsheisthepresenterforUniverseTV’snewsprogrammes.Iaskedherhowshehadachievedsuccess,andshetoldmeherstory.“Itwasmymotherwhotaughtmetobecurious:Shehadagreatloveofeverythingintheuniverseandshetaughtmetobeinterestedinmankindandnature,”Junyantoldme.“Wewouldlookinoldneststofindbirds’feathersandwewouldeventurnoverstonestolookatthelittlecreaturesthere.Iloveddoingthat,”rememberedJunyan.Shesaid,“Mymotherwasastrongcharacter.Althoughtherewerelotsofdifficultiestoovercome,sheneverletherproblemsdefeather.SheworkedextremelyhardtosupportmethroughschoolandduringmytimeatFudanUniversity.Herattitudetowardslifewillneverstopinfluencingmythoughtsandactions.”Aftergraduatingfromuniversity,shebecameareporterforalocalnewspaper.Shesaidshechosetobeajournalistbecauseitisimportantthatpeoplegraspwhatisgoingonaroundthem.Iaskedheriftherewasanyspecialmomentthatmadeherrealisethisandsherepliedthatitwasaftershewasaskedtoinspectanillegalbusiness.Herreporthelpedthepeoplewhohadbeenaffectedanditalsohelpedthegovernmentinspectthecompanyandcatchtheguiltypeople.“ThatiswhenIrealisedtheimportanceofbeingajournalist,”saidJunyan.“Writingthatreportwasn’teasy,butIrealisedthatpeopleneededtoknowandsoIdidn’tgiveup,”Junyantoldme.IaskedJunyanwhatshelikedmostaboutherjobandshesaidthatalthoughtherewasn’tmuchgloryinareporter’sexistence,shefounditinterestingandchallenging.“Imeetalotofpeopleandgotomanydifferentplaces.I’mneverboredwiththisjob!”Sheaddedthatasareportersheneededmanydifferentskillsandwasconstantlychallengedtolearnnewthings.Finally,Iaskedherifaftermanyyearsshestillfeltcurious.Smilingbrightly,shetoldme,“NothingthatIlearnedfrommymotherhaseverleftme.TodaywhenI’mlookingforstories,IstillfeellikeI’mturningoverstonestoseewhatmightbehidingbeneath!”24.HowdidJunyan’smotherinfluenceher?A.Junyan’smotherworkedpart-timetosupporther.B.Junyan’s-mothertaughthernowtowriteagoodreport.C.Junyan’smotheraccompaniedhertostudyatuniversity.D.Junyan’smotherhelpedhertodevelopaninterestinhumansandnature.25.WhydidJunyanchoosetobeajournalist?A.TobecomeafamouspersononTV.B.Tolearnmanydifferentskillsandnewthings.C.Tomeetmorepeopleandgotomanydifferentplaces.D.Tomakepeopleawareofwhatisgoingonaroundthem.26.WhatdidJunyanthinkofinspectingtheillegalbusiness?A.Scarybutexciting. B.Difficultbutmeaningful.C.Simplebutinnovative. D.Dangerousbutwell-paid.27.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Curiositycanmakeadifferenceinaperson’slife. B.Acceptingwhatyouhavemakesyouhappy.C.Upsanddownscanmakeonestrong. D.Chancefavorsthepreparedmind.【答案】24.D25.D26.B27.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了主人公王君燕在妈妈的影响下培养了好奇心，这种好奇心促使她对周围的事物感兴趣，选择成为记者，在工作中不断探索和追求真相，好奇心对她的人生产生了重要影响。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中““Itwasmymotherwhotaughtmetobecurious:Shehadagreatloveofeverythingintheuniverseandshetaughtmetobeinterestedinmankindandnature,”Junyantoldme.“Wewouldlookinoldneststofindbirds’feathersandwewouldeventurnoverstonestolookatthelittlecreaturesthere.Iloveddoingthat,”rememberedJunyan.(“是我的母亲教会我要有好奇心：她对宇宙中的一切都有极大的热爱，她教会我对人类和自然感兴趣，”君燕告诉我。“我们会在古老的鸟巢里寻找鸟类的羽毛，我们甚至会翻开石头来观察那里的小生物。我喜欢这样做，”君燕回忆道。)”可知，王君燕的妈妈教她对宇宙中的一切充满热爱，培养了她对人类和自然的兴趣。故选D项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Shesaidshechosetobeajournalistbecauseitisimportantthatpeoplegraspwhatisgoingonaroundthem.(她说，她选择成为一名记者，因为人们了解周围发生的事情是很重要的。)”可知，王君燕选择成为一名记者是因为她认为让人们了解周围正在发生的事情很重要。故选D项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Herreporthelpedthepeoplewhohadbeenaffectedanditalsohelpedthegovernmentinspectthecompanyandcatchtheguiltypeople.“IhatiswhenIrealisedtheimportanceofbeingajournalist,”saidJunyan.“Writingthatreportwasn’teasy,butIrealisedthatpeopleneededtoknowandsoIdidn’tgiveup,”Junyantoldme.(她的报告帮助了那些受到影响的人，也帮助了政府检查公司，抓住了有罪的人。“那时我才意识到作为一名记者的重要性，”君燕说。“写那份报告并不容易，但我意识到人们需要知道，所以我没有放弃，”君燕告诉我。)”可知，王君燕认为调查非法企业写报告虽然不容易（困难），但帮助了受影响的人，也帮助政府检查公司并抓住了有罪的人（有意义），B选项“Difficultbutmeaningful.”（困难但有意义）正确。故选B项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段中“I’mneverboredwiththisjob!”Sheaddedthatasareportersheneededmanydifferentskillsandwasconstantlychallengedtolearnnewthings.Finally,Iaskedherifaftermanyyearsshestillfeltcurious.Smilingbrightly,shetoldme,“NothingthatIlearnedfrommymotherhaseverleftme.TodaywhenI’mlookingforstories,IstillfeellikeI’mturningoverstonestoseewhatmightbehidingbeneath!”(我对这份工作永远不会感到厌倦！”她补充说，作为一名记者，她需要许多不同的技能，并不断挑战学习新事物。最后，我问她，多年以后，她是否仍然感到好奇。她灿烂地笑着对我说：“我从母亲那里学到的东西从来没有离开过我。今天，当我在寻找故事的时候，我仍然觉得自己是在翻石头，看看下面可能藏着什么！”)”可知，文章主要讲述了王君燕在妈妈的影响下培养了好奇心，这种好奇心促使她对周围的事物感兴趣，选择成为记者，在工作中不断探索和追求真相，好奇心对她的人生产生了重要影响。由此可推知，作者想告诉我们好奇心可以改变一个人的生活。故选A项。CHumanshavenames,ofcourse,anddogsandcatsmayreactwhentheirnamesarecalled.Someoceananimals,includingthedolphin,inventtheirownnameswhentheyareveryyoung.Andthebirdscalledparrotsmayalsousenames.Eachofthesenaminganimalsalsohavetheabilitytolearnandsayindividualnewsoundsthroughouttheirlives,asdoestheAfricanelephant,theresearchshows.Africanelephantsareamongthelargestanimalsthatliveonland.Theycalleachotherbyandanswertoindividualnames,anewstudyfinds.Suchcommunicationisrareintheanimalworld.Thenamesareonepartofthelowsounds,orrumbles,elephantsmake.Theycanhearthesesoundsoverlongdistanceswheretheyliveinthesavannah—largegrassyareasoflandmixedwithwoodlands.Scientistsbelievethatanimalswithcomplexsocialstructuresmaybemorelikelytouseindividualnames.StuartPimmofDukeUniversityisanecologistwhowasnotinvolvedwiththestudy.Hesaid:“Ifyou’relookingafteralargefamily,you’vegottobeabletosay,Hey,Virginia,getoverhere!”ThestudywasreleasedinthepublicationNatureEcologyandEvolution.Inthestudy,biologistsusedmachinelearningtofindtheuseofnamesinrecordingsofsavannaelephantsounds.ThesoundswererecordedatKenya’sSamburuNationalReserveandAmboseliNationalPark.Theresearchersfollowedtheelephantsastheytraveledtoobservewhichonecalledoutandwhichoneappearedtoanswer.Byexaminingonlytheaudiodata,thecomputermodelpredictedwhichelephantwasbeingcalled28percentofthetime,likelyduetotheinclusionofitsname.Whenfedmeaninglessdata,themodelonlycorrectlypredictedeightpercentofcalls.Researcherstestedtheirresultsbyplayingrecordingstoindividualelephants.Theelephantsreactedmoreenergetically,movingtheirearsandliftingtheirtrunks,torecordingsthatcontainedtheirnames.Sometimeselephantsdidnotreactinanywaytothesoundsofelephantnamesotherthantheirown.EcologistGeorgeWittemyer,whohelpedwritethestudy,said“Elephantsareincrediblysocial,alwaystalkingandtouchingeachother—thisnamingisprobablyoneofthethingsthatunderpinstheirabilitytocommunicatetoindividuals.”28.TheauthormentionsmanyanımalsinParagraph1to______.A.questiontheresult B.introducethetopicC.illustrateanargument D.presentanassumption29.Fromthepassage,wecanknowthat______.A.communicationbetweenanimalsisrareintheanimalworldB.Africanelephantscan’thearlowsoundsoverlongdistancesC.AfricanelephantsuseindividualnameswhencommunicatingD.animalswithsimplesocialstructurestendtouseindividualnames30.Whatdidtheresearchersdointhestudy?A.Theyusedthecomputermodeltoanalyzetheaudiodata.B.Theyfollowedtheelephantstorecordtheirdailyroutine.C.Theyusedmachinelearningtocommunicatewithelephants.D.Theytestedtheresultsbyplayingrecordingstoagroupofelephants.【答案】28.B29.C30.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究指出部分动物对名字有反应或会使用“名字”，且它们和非洲象都具备终生学习与发出新声音的能力。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Humanshavenames,ofcourse,anddogsandcatsmayreactwhentheirnamesarecalled.Someoceananimals,includingthedolphin,inventtheirownnameswhentheyareveryyoung.Andthebirdscalledparrotsmayalsousenames.Eachofthesenaminganimalsalsohavetheabilitytolearnandsayindividualnewsoundsthroughouttheirlives,asdoestheAfricanelephant,theresearchshows.(当然，人是有名字的，狗和猫在被叫名字的时候也会有反应。一些海洋动物，包括海豚，在很小的时候就发明了自己的名字。被称为鹦鹉的鸟也有自己的名字。研究表明，这些命名动物中的每一种都有能力在一生中学习和说出单独的新声音，就像非洲象一样。)”可知，文章第一段提到人类有名字，狗和猫对它们的名字有反应，海豚、鹦鹉等动物也有类似“名字”的情况，还提到非洲象也有相关能力。而后面的段落主要围绕非洲象使用个体名字进行交流展开详细论述。所以第一段提到多种动物是为了引出关于动物使用个体名字这一话题。故选B项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Africanelephantsareamongthelargestanimalsthatliveonland.Theycalleachotherbyandanswertoindividualnames,anewstudyfinds.(非洲象是陆地上最大的动物之一。一项新的研究发现，它们互相称呼对方，并对对方的名字做出回应。这种交流在动物世界中是罕见的。)”可知，一项新的研究发现，非洲象在交流时会使用个体名字互相称呼并回应。故选C项。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Inthestudy,biologistsusedmachinelearningtofindtheuseofnamesinrecordingsofsavannaelephantsounds.ThesoundswererecordedatKenya’sSamburuNationalReserveandAmboseliNationalPark.Theresearchersfollowedtheelephantsastheytraveledtoobservewhichonecalledoutandwhichoneappearedtoanswer.Byexaminingonlytheaudiodata,thecomputermodelpredictedwhichelephantwasbeingcalled28percentofthetime,likelyduetotheinclusionofitsname.Whenfedmeaninglessdata,themodelonlycorrectlypredictedeightpercentofcalls.(在这项研究中，生物学家使用机器学习来查找热带草原大象声音录音中名字的使用情况。这些声音是在肯尼亚的桑布鲁国家保护区和安博塞利国家公园录制的。研究人员在大象行进时跟踪它们，观察哪只大象在喊，哪只大象似乎在回答。通过仅检查音频数据，计算机模型预测了28%的时间是哪头大象被喊，可能是因为包含了它的名字。当输入无意义的数据时，该模型只能正确预测8%的呼叫。)可知，研究人员使用机器学习在记录的草原象声音中寻找名字的使用情况，通过计算机模型分析音频数据来预测被呼叫的大象。故选A项。DWhenitwasannouncedin2018thattheChineseAcademyofSciencesinShanghaihadcreatedtheworld’sfirstclonedmonkeys,ZhongzhongandHuahua,heateddiscussionsfollowedonline.Infact,cloninghasalwaysbeenwithus.Itisawayofmakinganexactcopyofanotheranimalorplant.Ithappensinplantswhengardenerstakecuttingsfromgrowingplantstomakenewones.Italsohappensinanimalswhenidenticaltwinsareproducedfromthesameegg.Thesearebothexamplesofnaturalclones.Cloninghastwomajoruses.First,gardenersuseittoproducelargequantitiesofplantsforsale.Second,itisvaluableforresearchonnewplantspeciesandformedicalresearchonanimals.Cloningplantsisfairlystraightforward,whilecloninganimalsismuchmorecomplicatedanddifficult.Overtheyears,manyscientistsfailedintheirattemptstocloneanimals,buttheirdeterminationandpatiencepaidoffin1996withabreakthrough—thecloningofDollythesheep.Withtheadvancesofscientificresearch,cloningwillhaveseveralmajoruses,inthefuture.Foronething,itcouldbeusedtobreedanimalspecieswhichareendangered,orevenbringbackspecieswhicharenowextinct.Foranother,itcouldbeusedtogrowhumanorgansortissueinanimals,whichcouldbeusedforhumanorgantransplantsormedicaltreatments.Finally,cloningcouldbeusedtobreedanimalsthatwillprovideuswithhigherqualitymeat,milk,oreggs.Whiletherearetechnicalissuesthatneedtobeworkedthroughtomakewidespreadcloningpossible,thebiggestconcernsaremoral.Forexample,ifscientistsbroughtanextinctanimalbackintoexistence,itwouldprobablyendupfivinginazoo.Thatisnotverygoodfortheanimal.Evenworsefortheanimalisusingitasasourceoforgantransplants—becauseitwillbeinjuredorevendie.Inaddition,manypeopleworrythateatinganimalproductsthatresultfromcloningmightbeharmfultoourhealthovertime.Thepossibilityofusingcloningtoproducehumanbeingsisanevenbiggerconcern.Whatwouldhappenifsuchknowledgeendedupinthewronghands?Whenitcomestocloning,wewonder,ultimately,whethercloningwillhelporharmtheworld.Nodoubt,wewillbetalkingaboutthisquestionforalongtimetocome.31.Whatcanwelearnaboutcloning?A.Clonedanimalsfirstappearedin2018.B.Clonedplantsaremainlyusedformedicalresearch.C.Cloningtechnologycanbeusedinthestudyofnewplantspecies.D.Cloningplantsismorecomplicatedanddifficultthancloninganimals.32.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph3?A.Futureusesofcloning.B.Scientificresearchesofcloning.C.Theproductsprovidedbycloning.D.Themedicaltreatmentsbroughtaboutbycloning,33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“moral”inParagraph4referto?A.Physicalhealth. B.Technicaldevelopment.C.Principleandbelief. D.Knowledgeandexperience.34.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardscloning?A.Supportive. B.Objective. C.Disapproving. D.Unconcerned.【答案】31.C32.A33.C34.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了克隆的主要用途和存在的问题。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Second,itisvaluableforresearchonnewplantspeciesandformedicalresearchonanimals.(其次，它对植物新物种的研究和动物医学研究都很有价值。)”可知，克隆技术对新植物物种的研究和动物的医学研究有价值，也就是克隆技术可用于新植物物种的研究。故选C项。【32题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Withtheadvancesofscientificresearch,cloningwillhaveseveralmajoruses,inthefuture.Foronething,itcouldbeusedtobreedanimalspecieswhichareendangered,orevenbringbackspecieswhicharenowextinct.Foranother,itcouldbeusedtogrowhumanorgansortissueinanimals,whichcouldbeusedforhumanorgantransplantsormedicaltreatments.Finally,cloningcouldbeusedtobreedanimalsthatwillprovideuswithhigherqualitymeat,milk,oreggs.(随着科学研究的进步，克隆将有几个主要用途，在未来。一方面，它可以用来繁殖濒临灭绝的动物物种，甚至可以复活现在已经灭绝的物种。另一方面，它可以用来在动物身上培养人体器官或组织，这可以用于人体器官移植或医学治疗。最后，克隆可以用来繁殖动物，为我们提供更高质量的肉、奶或蛋。)”可知，主要讲述了随着科学研究的进步，克隆在未来的几种主要用途，如繁殖濒危动物、培育人体器官用于移植、繁殖提供更高质量产品的动物等，所以第三段的主要内容是克隆的未来用途。故选A项。【33题详解】词义猜测题。根据第四段中“Forexample,ifscientistsbroughtanextinctanimalbackintoexistence,itwouldprobablyendupfivinginazoo.Thatisnotverygoodfortheanimal.Evenworsefortheanimalisusingitasasourceoforgantransplants—becauseitwillbeinjuredorevendie.Inaddition,manypeopleworrythateatinganimalproductsthatresultfromcloningmightbeharmfultoourhealthovertime.Thepossibilityofusingcloningtoproducehumanbeingsisanevenbiggerconcern.Whatwouldhappenifsuchknowledgeendedupinthewronghands?(例如，如果科学家让一种灭绝的动物复活，它可能最终会生活在动物园里。这对动物来说不是很好。对动物来说，更糟糕的是将其用作器官移植的来源，因为它会受伤甚至死亡。此外，许多人担心，随着时间的推移，吃克隆动物产品可能对我们的健康有害。利用克隆技术生产人类的可能性是一个更大的问题。如果这些知识落入坏人之手，会发生什么？)”可知，根据第四段所举的例子，如克隆已灭绝的动物可能使其生活在动物园对动物不好，把动物作为器官移植的来源会伤害甚至杀死动物，很多人担心食用克隆动物产品可能对健康有害，以及克隆人类的可能性会带来的问题等，这些都是从道德、原则和信仰层面的担忧，所以“moral”指的是“Principleandbelief”（原则和信仰），C选项正确。故选C项。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“Whenitcomestocloning,wewonder,ultimately,whethercloningwillhelporharmtheworld.Nodoubt,wewillbetalkingaboutthisquestionforalongtimetocome.(当谈到克隆，我们想知道，最终，克隆是否会帮助或伤害世界。毫无疑问，我们将在今后很长一段时间内讨论这个问题。)”可知，文章既介绍了克隆的用途，如在植物繁殖、新物种研究、医学研究、繁殖濒危动物、培育人体器官等方面的作用，又阐述了克隆存在的问题，如道德方面的担忧等，没有偏向支持或反对克隆，所以作者对克隆的态度是客观的。故选B项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whetheryouwereoncemuchmorephysicallyactiveorhaveneverbeenaregularexerciser,nowisagreattimetostart.Keepingfitisimportantforeveryone.Thereareendlessformsofexercise.____35____Thedivisionisbasedonwhateachcallsuponyourbodytodo,andhowthemovementbenefitsyou.____36____Althoughmostaerobicexercisesrequireyoutomoveyourwholebody,themainfocusisonyourheartandlungs.Activitieslikewalking,swımmıng,dancingandcycling,ifdoneatsufficientintensity,getyoutobreathefasterandyourhearttoworkbranderAerobicexercises-burnfatandlowerbloodsugar.Strengthtrainingshouldbeperformedtwoorthreetimesaweek.Somesuitableexercisesincludesquats,push-upsandexercisesperformedonresistancemachinesorusingweightsorbands.____37____Stretchingexerciseskeepyourmusclesandtendonsflexible,preserveyourposture,andimprovemobility.Stretchingcanbedoneeveryday.Balanceexercisescallonvarioussystemstohelpyoustayuprightandoriented,suchasvision,muscles,andjoints.____38____Somepeopl