北京市昌平区2024-2025学年高一上学期期末英语试题【含答案解析】

昌平区2024—2025学年第一学期高一年级期末质量抽测英语试卷本试卷共12页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AfterNewYeardinner,ourfamilywasrelaxingaroundthetable.Mysister,ourcook,tookpleasureinourpraisesforthemeal,whileDadstoodnearby,smiling.Mynephew,neverstillforlong,begandribbling(运球)hisnewbasketballaroundtheroom.WhenhenearedDad,he___1___—almostuncertainly.Withshakinghands,Dadreachedoutfortheball,andaftersomehesitation(犹豫),itwasgiventohim.I___2___Dadtoseehowhewouldreact.AplayfulsmileappearedonDad’sface,andhiseyesshonebrighterthananylights.Holdingtheballandreachingforward,hebouncedtheballonthefloor,___3___it,andrepeatedthemotion.Then,noddinghappily,he___4___therestofusandinvitedustobeginagameofcatch.Theballpassedbetween___5___hands,withcriesof“Overhere!”fillingthekitchen.AlthoughDadhadAlzheimer’s(阿尔兹海默症),whichtookawayhismemoriesandtherecognitionofpeople,things,andpointsintime,heclearlyrecognizedthe___6___andcaughtit.Forme,thiswasmeaningful.Inmyyoungeryears,I___7___playedwithDadbecauseheworkedveryhardandsharedlittleemotion.___8___momentsbetweenfatherandsonhadbeenfewbeforehetookthebasketball.I’mnotsurehowlongweplayed,butitdidn’tmatter.Dadjoyfullyledusuntilhebegantofeeltired.WhatIdoknowisthatourgame___9___,anditwastimetofacetherealityofdirtydishesonthetable,butthememoryofthatgamewilllastforever.OnthatNewYears’Day,Dadgavemeaprecious_____10_____—amomentIwillalwaystreasure.1.A.ran B.stopped C.laughed D.fell2.A.calmed B.searched C.asked D.watched3.A.picked B.left C.caught D.touched4.A.turnedto B.agreedwith C.clappedfor D.dependedon5.A.helpful B.skillful C.gentle D.eager6.A.person B.ball C.day D.room7.A.once B.sometimes C.seldom D.often8.A.Connecting B.Celebrating C.Inspiring D.Caring9.A.lasted B.ended C.changed D.failed10.A.lesson B.promise C.gift D.option【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.A5.D6.B7.C8.A9.B10.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了作者和家人一起玩接球游戏，患有阿尔兹海默症的父亲也参与其中，这让作者感受到了父爱的温暖，成为作者永远珍藏的记忆。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他靠近爸爸时，他几乎不确定地停了下来。A.ran跑；B.stopped停止；C.laughed大笑；D.fell摔倒。根据后文“Withshakinghands,Dadreachedoutfortheball,andaftersomehesitation(犹豫),itwasgiventohim.”可知，爸爸手颤抖着去接球，犹豫之后，球才到了他手里，说明侄子靠近爸爸时，停了下来，把球给了爸爸。故选B。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看着爸爸，看他会有什么反应。A.calmed使冷静；B.searched搜索；C.asked询问；D.watched观看。根据后文“AplayfulsmileappearedonDad’sface,andhiseyesshonebrighterthananylights.”可知，作者看着爸爸，才看到了爸爸脸上的笑容，和发亮的眼睛。故选D。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他拿着球向前伸，把球在地板上弹了一下，接住它，然后重复这个动作。A.picked捡起；B.left离开；C.caught接住；D.touched触摸。根据后文“invitedustobeginagameofcatch”可知，此处指把球接住。故选C。【4题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后，他高兴地点点头，转向我们其他人，邀请我们开始玩接球游戏。A.turnedto转向；B.agreedwith同意；C.clappedfor为……鼓掌；D.dependedon依靠。根据后文“therestofusandinvitedustobeginagameofcatch”可知，爸爸转向我们其他人，邀请我们开始玩接球游戏。故选A。【5题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：球在热切的手中传递，厨房里充满了“这边！”的喊声。A.helpful有帮助的；B.skillful熟练的；C.gentle温柔的；D.eager热切的。根据后文“Withcriesof“Overhere!”fillingthekitchen.”可知，厨房里充满了“这边！”的喊声，说明大家玩接球游戏时，都很热切。故选D。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管爸爸患有阿尔茨海默病，这夺走了他的记忆和对人、事物和时间点的认识，但他清楚地认出了球，并接住了它。A.person人；B.ball球；C.day天；D.room房间。根据前文“Mynephew,neverstillforlong,begandribbling(运球)hisnewbasketballaroundtheroom.”可知，侄子在房间里运球，所以此处指的是爸爸认出了球，并接住了它。故选B。【7题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：在我年轻的时候，我很少和爸爸一起玩，因为他工作很辛苦，很少表达情感。A.once曾经；B.sometimes有时；C.seldom很少；D.often经常。根据后文“becauseheworkedveryhardandsharedlittleemotion”可知，因为爸爸工作很辛苦，很少表达情感，所以我很少和爸爸一起玩。故选C。【8题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在他拿起篮球之前，父子之间很少有交流的时刻。A.Connecting连接的；B.Celebrating庆祝的；C.Inspiring鼓舞人心的；D.Caring体贴的。根据前文“becauseheworkedveryhardandsharedlittleemotion”可知，爸爸工作很辛苦，很少表达情感，所以父子之间连接时刻不多，即很少有交流的时刻。故选A。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我所知道的是，我们的游戏结束了，是时候面对桌上脏盘子的现实了，但那场游戏的记忆将永远持续下去。A.lasted持续；B.ended结束；C.changed改变；D.failed失败。根据后文“anditwastimetofacetherealityofdirtydishesonthetable”可知，是时候面对桌上脏盘子的现实了，说明游戏结束了。故选B。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个新年，爸爸给了我一份珍贵的礼物——一个我将永远珍藏的时刻。A.lesson课；B.promise承诺；C.gift礼物；D.option选择。根据后文“amomentIwillalwaystreasure”可知，那个和爸爸一起玩接球游戏的时刻，对作者来说，是一份珍贵的礼物，作者将永远珍藏。故选C。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Areyouanewrunner?Hereissomeadviceforyou—itisimportant____11____(warm)upandcooldownproperlybeforeandafterrunning,soyoudonothurtyourself.Awarm-upgetsyourbloodflowingfasterandpreparesyourbody____12____youtakeexercise.Afteralongrun,youshouldjogslowly____13____tenminutes,thenwalk.Suchkindofwarm-downrelaxesyourbodyafterexercise.【答案】11.towarm12.before13.for【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要给新跑步者提供了一些关于跑步前后如何正确热身和放松建议。【11题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：以下是一些给你的建议——跑步前后正确地热身和放松是非常重要的，这样可以避免受伤。“itis+adj.+todosth.”的固定句型，it为形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语。故填towarm。【12题详解】考查状语从句。句意：热身能让你的血液流动得更快，并在你锻炼之前准备好你的身体。根据句意“热身能让你的血液流动得更快，并在你锻炼之前准备好你的身体”，需要填入一个表示时间顺序的连词，表示“在……之前”应用before。故填before。【13题详解】考查介词。句意：长跑结束后，你应该先慢跑十分钟，然后再步行。空处需要填入一个表示时间段的介词，“for”后接一段时间，表示持续的时间，符合句意。故填for。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。ZhangTiangraduatedfromuniversityandgotateacher’scertificatelastyear.Hisparents,likemost,hopedhe____14____(go)toabigcitytofindateachingjobinthefuture.However,hewantedtostartanewlifestyle.Hehadmetwonderfulteachersfromsmallvillagesduringhisearlyschoolyearsandhe____15____(inspire)bythemtogoandteachwherehewasneededthemost.Heimaginedallsortsof____16____(excite)thingsaboutteachingandlivinginthevillage.【答案】14.wouldgo15.wasinspired16.exciting【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了张天大学毕业后，没有选择去大城市找工作，而是受到早年遇到的来自小村庄的优秀老师的启发，决定去最需要他的地方教书，开启一种全新的生活方式。【14题详解】考查动词时态。句意：他的父母，和大多数人一样，希望他将来能去大城市找一份教书的工作。空处作谓语，此句中的hoped表明是希望将来发生的事情，所以应该使用过去将来时。过去将来时的结构是“would+动词原形”，因此这里填wouldgo。故填wouldgo。【15题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：他在早年求学时遇到过一些来自小村庄的优秀老师，他们激励他去最需要他的地方教书。空处作谓语，此句中的bythem表明张天是受到他们的启发，所以应该使用被动语态，又因为文章描述的是过去的事情，所以应该使用一般过去时的被动语态，即was/were+过去分词，主语he是单数，be动词用was。故填wasinspired。【16题详解】考查形容词。句意：他想象着在村里教书和生活的各种令人兴奋的事情。修饰名词things，需用形容词作定语，修饰的主体是物，需用-ing结尾的形容词。故填exciting。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。TheChineseNewYear,whoseorigincanbedatedbacktotheShangDynasty,isthe____17____(big)Chinesefestivalbothsociallyandeconomically.Food____18____(play)animportantroleinChineseNewYear.DumplingsareimportanttotheNewYeardinner;their____19____(important)laysintheirshapebecauseitissimilartotheshapeofaChinesegoldennugget(砖).FishisalsoimportantasfishinChineseis“yu”____20____meansplentiful.【答案】17.biggest18.plays19.importance20.which##that【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国新年的起源、重要性以及新年食物中饺子和鱼的象征意义。【17题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：中国新年，其起源可追溯至商朝，是社会和经济上最盛大的中国节日。空处修饰名词festival，需用形容词作定语，根据句意可知，定冠词the修饰形容词最高级。故填biggest。【18题详解】考查动词时态。句意：食物在中国新年中扮演着重要角色。句子描述的是一个客观事实，即食物在中国新年中扮演着重要角色，应该用一般现在时，主语Food是单数形式，所以谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式。故填plays。【19题详解】考查名词。句意：饺子是年夜饭中的重要食物，它们的重要性在于其形状，因为它与中国金元宝的形状相似。空处作主语，需用名词importance。故填importance。【20题详解】考查定语从句。句意：鱼也很重要，因为中文中的“鱼”寓意着“余”（富足）。空处引导定语从句，先行词yu，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWearedelightedtobeabletoofferfreedeskspacetoworkwithintheImaginateoffice.Thisspaceisfreeforpeopleworkingwithorcreatingforyoungaudiences—makers,designers,technicians,producers,programmers—butmustbebookedaheadoftime.AsourofficegetsbusierinthemonthsleadinguptotheFestival,thehotdeskishardertobookfromMarchtomid-JuneespeciallyonMondaysandWednesdays.Pleaseemailinfo@withyourpreferreddaysandanyaccess(访问)requirementsorquestionsifyou’dliketocomehot-desking.Whoishot-deskingfor?Anyonewhoworksin/whoisinterestedinworkingwithyoungaudiences:artists,designers,employeesofartsorganisations.Whatdoyouget?●Accesstoadeskandaconnectionpointtouseyourlaptop●Freeteaandcoffee,aswellasaccesstoakitchenforlunch●FreeaccesstoaprinterandFreeWi-FiWhatdoesatypicalweekinImaginateofficelooklike?AtImaginate,weworkinabigopenspacewithgoodnaturaldaylight.Welikechattingaboutourday,thelatestshowwe’veseenandhavepassionatediscussionaboutsocialproblemsorthelatestTVseriesairing.Theofficecanbequitenoisy,especiallybetween13:00-14:00whereweallgatheraroundthebigtablewithdrinksorfoods.We’dbedelightedifyoucouldjoinusforlunch,butfeelfreetostepoutforsomefreshairifyouprefer.Whydowewanttoshareourspacewithyou?WeofferArtsWorkersspacesforhot-deskinginourofficebecause:●weknowwhatitfeelsliketoworkfromhomemostofthedayandneedachangeofsettingwithouthavingtopayforendlesscoffees.●weknowwhatitfeelsliketobeonadaytrip,have2hourstokillandbenotsurewhattodobeforecatchingthecheapertrain.yourpresenceisgoodforourownnetworking,soyou’realsohelpingusbykeepinguscompany!Formoreinformation,welcometovisitourhomepagehttps:.21.TousehotdesksinImaginateoffice,oneneedsto______.A.sharelunchwiththeworkers B.payforthespaceandserviceC.bookthedeskspacebyemail D.keepquietwhileworkingthere22.TheImaginateofficeoffershotdesksto______.A.encouragepeopletoworkfromhome B.makesomemoneyfromsellingcoffeeC.provideachancetoplanone’sdaytrip D.benefitthecustomersandthecompany23.Thispassageisprobablytakenfrom______.A.atravelguidebook B.acompanywebsiteC.alocalnewsreport D.aninstructionbook【答案】21.C22.D23.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Imaginate办公室提供的免费共享办公桌（hot-desking）服务，包括服务对象、提供的设施、办公室环境以及开放此服务的初衷等。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Thisspaceisfreeforpeopleworkingwithorcreatingforyoungaudiences—makers,designers,technicians,producers,programmers—butmustbebookedaheadoftime.Pleaseemailinfo@withyourpreferreddaysandanyaccessrequirementsorquestionsifyou’dliketocomehot-desking.(这个空间免费提供给为年轻观众工作或创作的人——制作者、设计师、技术人员、制作人、程序员——但必须提前预订。如果您想来使用共享办公桌，请通过电子邮件info@告知我们您偏好的日期以及任何访问要求或问题。)”可知，要使用Imaginate办公室的共享办公桌，需要通过电子邮件提前预订。故选C。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“WeofferArtsWorkersspacesforhot-deskinginourofficebecause:...yourpresenceisgoodforourownnetworking,soyou’realsohelpingusbykeepinguscompany!(我们在办公室为艺术工作者提供共享办公桌的空间，因为：……你的存在对我们的社交网络有好处，所以你也在通过陪伴我们帮助我们！)”可知，Imaginate办公室提供共享办公桌是为了让艺术工作者有一个工作的空间，同时也对公司自身的社交网络有好处，即使客户和公司都受益。故选D。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Formoreinformation,welcometovisitourhomepagehttps:.(如需更多信息，欢迎访问我们的主页：https:.)”可知，这里提到了公司的主页网址，由此可推知，本文很可能来自公司的网站。故选B。BI’vealwayslovedcats.Butuntilnineyearsago,mypetcatshadahighnumberofdeaths.Idecidedthatmynextcatwasgoingtoliveindoorsonly.ButthencameOliver.Hewasleftatavet’soffice.Mysisterworkedthere,andtheworkerswerehavingtroublefindinghimahome.Theworkersfoundhimordinary.Theyonlykepthimbecausehewasawillingblooddonor(捐献者).Itbrokemysister’shearttoseethelittlecatofferhisarmfortheneedle(针).So,shecalledmetocomeandseehim.WhenImetOliver,Ifellinloveimmediately.Hehadsoftblackfur(毛皮)withawhiteundercoat,aroundface,andgoldeneyes.InamedhimOliverandbroughthimhome.ButOliverwasn’tanindoors-onlycat.Hecriedatthedoorandtriedtogetout.Aftermuchdiscussion,myfamilyandIbuilta30-by-15-footoutdoorcatrunwithwalls,grassandtoys.Oliverlovedit-lyinginthegrass,enjoyingthesun,andwatchingbirds.Butthatwasnottheendofit!Thecatrunoverlookedanemptylot,inspiringtheideaforawildlifegarden.So,Ireadbooksandmagazines,visitedchild-carecentresandwentongardentourstoeducatemyself.IwasnotsureifIhadtheskillsorknowledgetodoitright,butIreasoned,noonewouldeverseethegardenbutus.Withmydad,aretiredworker,andtherestofmyfamily,weclearedtheland,plantedthousandsoftrees,bushes,andflowers,andaddedroads,apool,andgardendecorations-muchofitcat-themed.Everythingwasperfect!Our“MeyerCatGarden”soonattractedbirds,squirrels,frogs,andevendeer.AfriendsuggesteditforSpokane’sgardentour,and5,000visitorscame.Peopleloveditsemotionandcreativity.Mediacoveragefollowed,andsincethen,over10,000peoplehavetouredthegarden,fromnursinghomememberstonationalgardengroups.Theprojectchangedmylife.Workingtogetherbroughtmyfamilycloser.Whatmattersmost,Ibecameanexperiencedgardener,headofourgardenclub,andconfidentinpublicspeaking.Oliver,ourinspiration,watchesthegardenfromhiscatrun,satisfiedandsafe.Wejokethatwiththecostofplants,decorations,andcountlesshoursoflabor,we’vespentover$100,000-earningOliverthetitleofour“$100,000homelesscat.”24.ThewriterbroughtOliverhomebecauseshe______.A.neededapetblooddonor B.wantedtohelphersisterC.feltsorryforherlastcats D.lovedhimatthefirstsight25.Thewriterdecidedtobuildanoutdoorcatrunto______.A.meetOliver’sneed B.attractmorewildlifeC.startagardenproject D.learngardeningskills26.Accordingtothepassage,the“MeyerCatGarden”______.A.broughtinspirationtothewriter B.helpedwiththewriter’sgrowthC.attractedmorecatstothefamily D.wasbuiltbythewritereffortlessly27.Whichwordscanbestdescribethewriter?A.Strictandserious. B.Braveandfocused.C.Gentleandoutgoing. D.Creativeandcaring.【答案】24.D25.A26.B27.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因为收养了流浪猫Oliver，受其启发而建造了一个“MeyerCatGarden”，这个花园不仅改变了作者的生活，还吸引了大量游客，使作者成为了一个有经验的园艺师和演讲者。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“WhenImetOliver,Ifellinloveimmediately.Hehadsoftblackfurwithawhiteundercoat,aroundface,andgoldeneyes.InamedhimOliverandbroughthimhome.(当我见到Oliver时，我立刻爱上了他。他有柔软的黑色皮毛，下面是白色的绒毛，圆圆的脸，金色的眼睛。我给他起名叫Oliver，并把他带回了家。)”可知，作者第一眼看到Oliver就爱上了他，所以把他带回了家。故选D。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“ButOliverwasn’tanindoors-onlycat.Hecriedatthedoorandtriedtogetout.Aftermuchdiscussion,myfamilyandIbuilta30-by-15-footoutdoorcatrunwithwalls,grassandtoys.(但Oliver不是一只只待在室内的猫。他在门口哭喊着想出去。经过多次讨论，我和我的家人建了一个30乘15英尺的室外猫跑道，有墙、草地和玩具。)”可知，作者决定建造一个室外猫跑道是为了满足Oliver的需求。故选A。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Theprojectchangedmylife.Workingtogetherbroughtmyfamilycloser.Whatmattersmost,Ibecameanexperiencedgardener,headofourgardenclub,andconfidentinpublicspeaking.(这个项目改变了我的生活。一起工作让我的家人更亲密了。最重要的是，我成为了一名有经验的园艺师，我们花园俱乐部的负责人，并且对公开演讲充满信心。)”可知，“MeyerCatGarden”帮助了作者成长。故选B。【27题详解】推理判断题。文章讲述了作者收养了一只流浪猫Oliver，并受其启发建造了一个吸引了大量游客的“MeyerCatGarden”，这表明作者是一个有爱心且有创造力的人。故选D。CForyears,scientistshavebelievedthattheonlywayoxygencouldbecreatedintheoceanwasthroughphotosynthesis(光合作用).That’showplantsturnsunlightintoenergywhilealsoproducingoxygen.Hugeamountsofoxygengetproducedinthesunlightoftheupperocean,butscientistsexpectedthatonthedarkoceanbottom,oxygenlevelswoulddropasanimalsusedthewater’soxygenforenergy.Butin2013,AndrewSweetman,ascientistwhostudiestheoceanfloor,begantonoticesomethingstrange.Whenhemeasuredtheoxygeninthewaterabovetheoceanfloor,hefoundthatthelevelsofoxygenwererising.Thatdidn’tmakesense.Dr.Sweetmanthoughthisequipmentwasn’tworking.In2021,heusedadifferentmethodtomeasuretheoxygenlevels.Thenewmeasurementsalsoshowedoxygenlevelsrising.That’swhenherealizedsomethingunusualwasgoingon.Somehow,oxygenwasbeingcreatedonthedarkoceanfloor.Dr.Sweetmannoticedthatsomesmallrock-likeobjectscalled“polymetallicnodules(多金属结核)”,whichformnaturallyontheoceanfloorovermillionsofyearsmayberesponsibleforcreatingthe“darkoxygen”.Tolearnmoreabouthowtheoxygenwasbeingcreated,Dr.Sweetmancollectedsomeofthenodulesandtheoceanflooraroundthemandtookthembacktothelaboratorytostudy.Atfirst,theythoughtthattinylivingthingscalledmicrobesmightbecreatingtheoxygen.Thentheythoughtthatthenodulesmightbegivingofftheoxygensomehow.Butneitherideawasright.Finally,Dr.Sweetmanbegantowonderifthenodulesweresomehowactinglikebatteries(电池),andproducingelectricity.Theideamadesense.Afterall,whenelectricityispassedthroughsaltwater,itseparatesthewaterintohydrogenandoxygeninaprocesscalled“electrolysis”.WorkingwithscientistsatNorthwesternUniversity,Dr.Sweetmandiscoveredthatthenodulesproduceasmallamountofelectricity.Whenthenodulesareclosetogether,theycreateenoughelectricitytoproducetheoxygenthatDr.Sweetmanhadfound.Thediscoveryraisesmoreconcernsaboutdeep-seamining.Thesenodulesareexactlywhatmanyminingcompaniesarehopingtocollect.Thenodulesarefullofimportantmetals.Dr.Sweetmanbelievesthatmininggroupsshouldthinkcarefullyaboutthenewdiscoverybeforetheystartmining.Thescientistssaythatthenodulesmaybeimportanttothewaythedeepseaworks.Theyareafraidthatdeep-seaminingcoulddestroythenodulesandtheenvironmentaroundthem.28.WhatdidAndrewSweetmanfindstrange?A.Photosynthesisisnottheonlywaytocreateoxygen.B.Thelevelsofoxygenoftheupperoceanfellsharply.C.Hisequipmentusedtomeasureoxygendidn’tfunction.D.Oxygenlevelsontheoceanfloorincreaseunexpectedly.29.Paragraph3and4aremainlyabouthowDr.Sweetman______.A.foundwhere“darkoxygen”comesfrom B.conductedhisexperimenton“darkoxygen”C.discoveredthatnodulescanproduceelectricity D.provedtheoxygencanbecreatedonoceanfloor30.Asfordeep-seamining,Dr.Sweetmanis______.A.hopeful B.disappointed C.worried D.cheerful【答案】28.D29.A30.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了科学家AndrewSweetman对深海氧气水平意外上升研究发现以及这一发现对深海采矿的潜在影响。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Butin2013,AndrewSweetman,ascientistwhostudiestheoceanfloor,begantonoticesomethingstrange.Whenhemeasuredtheoxygeninthewaterabovetheoceanfloor,hefoundthatthelevelsofoxygenwererising.Thatdidn’tmakesense.(但在2013年，研究海底的科学家AndrewSweetman开始注意到一些奇怪的现象。当他测量海底上方水中的氧气时，他发现氧气含量在上升。这说不通。)”可知，AndrewSweetman发现奇怪的事情是海底的氧气水平意外增加。故选D。【29题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Dr.Sweetmannoticedthatsomesmallrock-likeobjectscalled‘polymetallicnodules’,whichformnaturallyontheoceanfloorovermillionsofyears,mayberesponsibleforcreatingthe‘darkoxygen’.(Sweetman博士注意到，一些被称为‘多金属结核’的小石头状物体，它们在数百万年的时间里自然形成在海底，可能是产生‘暗氧’的原因。)”和第四段“Finally,Dr.Sweetmanbegantowonderifthenodulesweresomehowactinglikebatteries,andproducingelectricity.Theideamadesense.Afterall,whenelectricityispassedthroughsaltwater,itseparatesthewaterintohydrogenandoxygeninaprocesscalled‘electrolysis’.WorkingwithscientistsatNorthwesternUniversity,Dr.Sweetmandiscoveredthatthenodulesproduceasmallamountofelectricity.Whenthenodulesareclosetogether,theycreateenoughelectricitytoproducetheoxygenthatDr.Sweetmanhadfound.(最后，Sweetman博士开始想，这些结节是否在某种程度上像电池一样，产生电。这个想法是有道理的。毕竟，当电流通过盐水时，它会将水分解成氢和氧，这个过程被称为‘电解’。Sweetman博士与西北大学的科学家合作，发现这些结节会产生少量的电。当这些结节靠得很近时，它们会产生足够的电来产生Sweetman博士发现的氧气。)”可知，第三段和第四段主要是关于Dr.Sweetman如何发现“暗氧”的来源。故选A。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Theyareafraidthatdeep-seaminingcoulddestroythenodulesandtheenvironmentaroundthem.(他们担心深海采矿可能会破坏这些结核和它们周围的环境。)”可推测出，至于深海采矿，Dr.Sweetman是担心的。故选C。DObesity(肥胖)isnotachoiceandmakingpeoplefeelashamedonlyresultsintheirfeelingworseaboutthemselves,areportbyleadingpsychologists(心理学家)says.Itcallsformodificationsinlanguagetoreduceshame,suchassaying“apersonwithobesity”ratherthanan“obeseperson”.Anditsayshealthprofessionalsshouldbetrainedtotalkaboutlosingweightinamoresupportiveway.ThereportpointstoatroublingriseinobesitylevelsacrosstheUK.Between2005and2017,obesitylevelsroseby18%inEnglandandbysimilaramountsinScotland,WalesandNorthernIreland.ButtheseincreasescannotbeexplainedbyasuddendecreaseofwillpoweracrosstheUK.Itisfarmorethanthat,accordingtotheBritishPsychologicalSocietyreport,whichconcludesit“isnotsimplydowntoanindividual’smissingofdetermination”.“Thepeoplewhoaremostlikelytobeanunhealthyweightarethosewhohaveahighgenetic(遗传的)riskofdevelopingobesityandwhoselivesarealsoshapedbywork,schoolandsocialenvironmentsthatencourageovereatingandinactivity,”itsays.“Peoplewholiveinpoorareasoftenexperiencehighlevelsofstress,includingmajorlifechallengesandinjury,andoftentheirneighborhoodsofferfewchancesandencouragementsforphysicalactivityandchoicesforgettingaffordablehealthyfoodarelimited.”Psychologicalexperiencesalsoplayabigrole,thereportsays,withuptohalfofadultsattendingobesityserviceshavingexperienceddifficultiesinchildhood.Andstresscausedbyfatshamingorbeingmadetofeelbadaboutone’sweightbypublichealthactivities,nursesandpolicymakers,oftenleadstoincreasedeatingandmoreweightgain.AtalkshowactorJamesCordenrecentlyspokeoutagainstfatshaming,saying:“Ifmakingfunoffatpeoplemadethemloseweight,there’dbenofatkidsinschools.”Psychologistscanusetheirknowledgetohelptrainhealthprofessionalstocommunicatebetteronobesity,saysDrAngelChater,reportauthorandreaderinhealthpsychologyandbehaviourdesignattheUniversityofBedfordshire.“Wecanhelp,notjustbydevisingwaysofhelpingindividuals,butalsobyadvisingonpublicpolicywhichwillhelpcreateanenvironmentinwhichpeoplefinditeasiernottobecomeobeseinthefirstplace.”However,thepsychologistsarenotinfavourofobesitybeingclassedasa“disease”,because,theysay,thiscouldtakethefocusawayfrombehavioralchangesthatcouldsucceed.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“modifications”inParagraph1mean?A.Changes. B.Styles. C.Helps. D.Interests.32.TheauthorquotesJamesCorden’scommentinParagraph4to______.A.showhisconcern B.offerhissuggestionC.supporthisopinion D.explainhisstatement33.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatobesityis______.A.amatterofsuddendecreaseindetermination B.acommonproblemshapedbyvariousfactorsC.apsychologicaldiseasethatcallsforattention D.arudeexpressionthatmakespeoplefeelworse34.Whatdoesthewriterintendtotellus?A.Peopleshoulddiscussobesityinarespectfulway.B.Professionaladvicemattersalottooverweightpeople.C.Peoplewithobesitytendtofeelashamedofthemselves.D.Behavioralchangescontributegreatlytolosingweight.【答案】31.A32.C33.B34.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了肥胖问题，并强调了使用尊重性语言讨论肥胖问题的重要性。文章指出，肥胖并非个人选择，而是由多种因素共同作用的结果。因此，我们应该以更尊重和理解的态度来对待肥胖人群，避免使用带有羞耻感的言辞来伤害他们。【31题详解】词句猜测题。根据“suchassaying“apersonwithobesity”ratherthanan“obeseperson”(例如说“一个肥胖的人”而不是“一个胖子”)”可知，报告呼吁对语言进行修改，以减少羞耻感，由此可知，modifications的意思是“改变”。故选A。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“AtalkshowactorJamesCordenrecentlyspokeoutagainstfatshaming,saying:“Ifmakingfunoffatpeoplemadethemloseweight,there’dbenofatkidsinschools.”(脱口秀演员詹姆斯·柯登最近公开反对嘲笑肥胖者，他说：“如果嘲笑胖子能让他们减肥，那学校里就不会有胖孩子了。”)”可知，作者在第四段引用詹姆斯·柯登的评论，是为了支持自己之前提出的观点，即嘲笑或羞辱肥胖者并不能帮助他们减肥，反而可能导致他们吃得更多，体重增加。故选C。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段““Thepeoplewhoaremostlikelytobeanunhealthyweightarethosewhohaveahighgeneticriskofdevelopingobesityandwhoselivesarealsoshapedbywork,schoolandsocialenvironmentsthatencourageovereatingandinactivity,”itsays.(报告说：“最有可能体重不健康的人是那些有较高遗传风险发展为肥胖的人，以及那些生活受到工作、学校和社会环境影响的人，这些环境鼓励过度饮食和不活动。”)”可知，肥胖并非仅仅是由个人意志力突然下降导致的，而是由遗传、工作、学校和社会环境等多种因素共同作用的结果。因此，肥胖是一个由多种因素塑造的常见问题。故选B。【34题详解】推理判断题。文章主要讨论了肥胖问题，并强调了使用尊重性语言讨论肥胖问题的重要性。文章指出，肥胖并非个人选择，而是由多种因素共同作用的结果。因此，我们应该以更尊重和理解的态度来对待肥胖人群，避免使用带有羞耻感的言辞来伤害他们。由此可知，作者意图告诉我们应该以尊重的方式讨论肥胖问题，避免给肥胖人群带来额外的羞耻感和压力。因此，A选项“Peopleshoulddiscussobesityinarespectfulway.(人们应该以尊重的方式讨论肥胖问题。)”符合题意。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thesunistheonethingyoucandependontobethereforyoueveryday,withoutfail.Itriseseverydayandprovidesanewbeginningtoeachday.____35____Researchhasprovedthatithelpsyoufighttensionandstressanddoesitallforfree.Towatchthesunrise,youhavetogetupearly.Whenyougetupatdaybreakandstartyourday,youwillbenaturallytiredattheendoftheday.____36____Finally,yourbody’sinternalclockwillberesettoaregularroutine.Thisnotonlyhelpsyoutosleepbetterandkeephealthy,butalsotoloseandmaintainweight.Atsunrise,theworldispeaceful,noiselessandcalm.____37____Thequietenvironmentfillsyourinnerworldwithpeace,andyoufeelthelovethatnaturehasforyou.Thislovedoeshelptofaceeverydaywiththeknowledgethatyou’renotalone,andthereisagreaterforcewhichishelpingyoueveryday.____38____Thecalmandquietmomentsbeforethesuncanmakeyoufeelhappyandpeaceful.Yourealizeyourownvalueandyourstresslevelscomedown.Thepositivitywithinyouwillhelpyoumakebetterdecisionsduringtheday.Yourconcentrationalsoimprovesandyoucantakeininformationbetter.Withmorethanhalfofthedayspentsittinginfrontofcomputersandlaptops,theexperienceofwatchingthesunrisegivesyouthetimetotakeabreakfromyourdigitallife.____39____A.Youwillsleepearlytowakeupearly.B.Thissimpleactinspiresyoutochangeyourattitude.C.Watchingthesunrisecandowondersforyourhealth.D.Youcanfeeladeepconnectionbetweenyouandnature.E.Sunriseisoneofthemostbeautifulexperiencesthatnaturecangiveus.F.Theexperienceofwatchingthesunrisecanalsoinfluencehowyoufeel.G.So,takeamomenttowatchthesunriseandlettheshininglightfillyouwithjoy.【答案】35.C36.A37.D38.F39.G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了观看日出对身心健康的益处。【35题详解】根据上文“Thesunistheonethingyoucandependontobethereforyoueveryday,withoutfail.Itriseseverydayandprovidesanewbeginningtoeachday.(太阳是你每天可以依赖东西，它永远不会失败。它每天升起，为每一天提供一个新的开始。)”和下文“Researchhasprovedthatithelpsyoufighttensionandstressanddoesitallforfree.(研究证明，它能帮助你对抗紧张和压力，而且这一切都是免费的。)”可知，上下文都说明了太阳或看日出对人有好处，所以空白处也应说明看日出对人有益。选项C“观看日出可以为你的健康带来奇迹”符合语境。故选C。【36题详解】根据上文“Whenyougetupatdaybreakandstartyourday,youwillbenaturallytiredattheend