2022年安徽省亳州市第五完全中学高二下学期期末考试英语试题

亳州市第五完全中学2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试卷第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ADoyouloveoutdoorchallenges?Andthereareabunchofreallyawesomehikingchallengesouttherenowthatwillnotonlyinspireyoutogetoutsidemoreandpushyourselfphysically，butalsoprovideyouaccesstoanawesomecommunityofhikersandoften-timeshikinggroupsfocusingonthesamechallenges.1.THE52HIKECHALLENGEThegoalofthe52HikeChallengeistogetyououtsidemovingeveryweekforanentireyear.Thedifficultyandlengthisentirelyuptoyou，butthepointistogetoutandtogetmoving!Registeronlinenowandtheresourcesontheirwebsiteallowyoutotrackyourjourneyasyoucompleteeachweeklyhikeandearncompletionbadgesasyougo.2.WEHIKETOHEALWeHiketoHealisamonth-longwomen'sempowermentandwellnesscampaignthatorganizesgrouphikesallovertheworldonthelastSaturdayofMarch.Theorganization'smissionistoencouragewomenallovertheworldtotapintothehealingandempoweringinfluenceswithinthemselvesandtheGreatOutdoors.Youcanjointhemovementforfreeinthelinkaboveandfindfreegrouphikesthatwillbehappeningallovertheworld.3.CURE-SEARCHULTIMATEHIKEThiseventisputonbyCureSearchonFebruary4theveryyear,anon-profitorganizationdedicatedtofindingacureandawaytoraisemoneyforchildren’scancer.Tojointhiseventthatsupportsanincrediblecause,youattendaninformationalsession,registerandgetyourownonlinefund-raisingpageandraisemoneytosupportyourtrekforchildren'scancerresearch.4.THE365MILECHALLENGEThischallengeisgreatbecauseitissosimple.Thegoalistogetoutsideeverydayandwalkamile.Thischallengefocusesonsmalleffortsthat,overtime,havebigresultsandfocuseson,creatinghealthyhabitstobenefityourmind,body,andsoul.Tojoinallyouhavetodoisregister,jointheFacebookgroup,andstartmoving.21.Whichofthehikingchallengesisspeciallyintendedforwomen?A.WeHiketoHeal B.The52HikeChallenge.C.Cure-searchUltimateHike. D.The365MileChallenge.22.Whatdoallthechallengeshaveincommon?A.Money-raising. B.Badge-earning.C.Internet-related. D.Gender-based.23.Howmanychallengescouldyouattendifyouhopetoworkoutregularly?A.OnlyoneB.Four.C.ThreeD.Two.BCarlWilhelmScheeleranksasoneofthegreatestscientistsofalltime,buthepaidabigpriceforthishonor.Bornin1742inpresent-dayGermany,Scheelelearnedaboutchemicalsfromhisparentsstartingatayoungage.Whenhewas14,hewassentawaytoGothenburg(哥德堡)tobecometheapprentice(学徒)ofafamilyfriend.Therehespenteightyearsstudyingchemistryandconductingexperimentslateintothenight.Next,ScheelemovedaroundtheHolyRomanEmpire,workingfordifferentchemistsandbecomingmorelearnedinhistrade.In1767,hemovedtoStockholm,wherehediscoveredtartaricacid(酒石酸).AfterthreeyearsinStockholm,hebecamethedirectoroftheLockeLaboratory.Itwasthere,whilehewasanalyzingastrangereaction,thatScheelebecamethefirstpersontoidentifyoxygen.Hecalledtheelement“fireair”becausehebelieved,basedonthetheoriesofhistime,thatasubstancethatmadeupfirewasreleasedfromitemswhentheyburned.Scheelebelievedoxygentobethissubstance,notunderstandingthatoxygenismerelyanelementthatfacilitates(促进)thechemicalreactionthatisfire.Ashistoricasthisdiscoverywas,Scheeleseldomgotcreditforit,largelybecauseEnglishscientistJosephPriestleypublishedfindingsonoxygenbeforeScheele,eventhoughitisnowgenerallyacceptedthatScheelemadetheactualdiscoveryfirst.Throughhiswork,hethusexposedhimselftomanyharmfulmaterials.ThesechemicalshadadeadlyeffectonScheele,andheeventuallydiedofkidneyfailurein1786.Sadly,inspiteofhismanyachievementsandthefactthathegavehislifetochemistry,CarlWilhelmScheeleisoftenforgotteninthehistoryofscience.Thoughhediscoveredmanyelementsbeforeotherbetter-knownscientistsdid,hisunwillingnesstobothattendmeetingsoftheRoyalSwedishAcademyofSciencesandtopublishhisworkallowedotherscientiststotakecreditfordiscoveriesthathehadmade.24.WhofirsttaughtChemistrytoScheele?A.Hisparents. B.JosephPriestley. C.Hisfamilyfriend. D.TheHolyRomanEmpire.25.WhendidScheeleprobablydiscoveroxygen?A.In1745. B.In1767. C.In1770.D.In1789.26.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“theelement”referto?A.Oxygen. B.Tartaricacid. C.Thestrangereaction. D.Thechemicalexperiment.27.WhatcanwelearnaboutScheelefromthetext?A.Hehasbeenworld-famoussincethe1700s. B.Heactuallydiedduetohisdangerouswork.C.HediscoveredoxygenlaterthanJosephPriestley. D.Hethoughthisfindingswerenotvaluableatall.CGirlsshouldtakepartincompetitivesporttobuildconfidence,andtheleadersofagroupofgirls’schoolswillarguethisweek.HelenFraser,directoroftheGirls’DaySchoolTrust(GDST),willtellthegroupthatsportcanhelpgirlsdealwithfailure.“Allgirls,notjustthesportyones,shouldtakephysicalexercise,”Ms.Frasersays.Researchthatgirlsarefarlessactivethanboysisworrying,sheargues.Ms.Fraserwilltellthegroupthatshesupports“sportforall”.“That’swhyIloveitwhenourschoolshaveA,B,CandDteamsandbeyond,”shesays.TheGDSTdrawsonresearchfromtheWomen’sSportandFitnessFoundationwhichsuggestsonlyaquarterofgirlsinEnglandmeetbasiclevelsofactivityeachweek.Oneinfivegirlsdonoactivityatall,twicetheproportionofboys,theresearchsuggests.Ms.Frasersaysotherresearchsuggeststhatmorethan80%ofwomenbusinessleadersplayedsportswhilegrowingup.SheusestheexamplesofformerUSSecretaryofStateCondoleezzaRice,whooncewasaskaterandtennisplayer,andtheheadoftheInternationalMonetaryFund,ChristineLagarde,whowasintheFrenchnationalswimmingteam.Ms.FrasersaysOlympicmedallistslikeJessicaEnnisandKatherineGraingerareexcellentrolemodelsforyoungwomenbutsayswomen’ssportneedsmoremoneyandmorenewsreports.ValerieDunsford,headofSheffieldHighSchoolforGirls,partofGDST,saiditwasimportanttoofferalargenumberofsportstoattractdifferenttypesofgirls.“Noteveryonewantstobeoutplayingthehockey.”saidMs.Dunsford.28.WhichofthefollowingideaswouldMs.Fraseragreewith?A.Boysareborntobesportlovers. B.Girlsarelessconfidentthanboys.C.Moreshouldbedonetomakegirlsdosports. D.Thosetakingpartinthesportarealwayssuccesses.29.What’stheproportionofboyswhonevertakeexercise?A.1/10. B.1/5. C.1/4D.2/5.30.Ms.Frasermentionsthosefamouswomentoshow__________.A.hardworkwillpayoff B.it’snoteasytobegreatC.sportcanhelpgirlstosucceed D.it’snecessarytobalanceworkandsport31.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Toexplainthekeytosuccess. B.Toshowtheimportanceofsport.C.Tointroducemoresportstogirls. D.Toencouragemoregirlstodosports.DDoyoucontinuetobehealthyinsocialisolation?NASAislookingforpeopletospend8monthslockedinaRussianlabforanewexperiment.WhenhumansgotothemoonandtraveltoMars,theywillneedtobepreparedforlong-termspacetravelandevenlongerstaysonthesefar-offdestinations.Currently,NASA'sArtemisprogramaimstolandhumansonthemoonforthefirsttimesinceNASA'sApollo17missionlandedin1972.WhilethemoonisthemaingoalofNASA'sArtemisprogram,theagency'slargergoalistosendpeopletoMars.Butlong-termspacetravelandhabitationwon'tbeeasy.Suchmissionswillpresentbothphysicalandmentalchallengesasastronautsworktonotonlysurvive,butperformimportantscientificresearchinuniquelydifficultenvironments.IntheupcomingNASA-Russiaexperiment,agroupofpeoplewillliveinaclosedfacilityatRussia'sInstituteforBiomedicalProblems,whichisinMoscow.Thishabitatfacilitywasusedin2011fornotableseriesofRussianmock(模拟的)MarsmissionsknownasMars500.Duringthesemissions,groupsofpeoplespent520and105daysontwoseparatemissionsinthefacility.Thefacility,accordingtothestatement,willhave"environmentalfactorssimilartothoseastronautsareexpectedtoexperienceonfuturemissionstoMars".Thegroupofpeoplewillspend8monthslivingtogetherinisolationandworkingonscientificresearch.BylivingandworkinginthisMars-likeenvironment,participantsinthisstudywillhelpNASAresearchersbetterunderstandthepsychologicalandphysiological(心理和生理的)effectsofisolation.Thesemissionshelpresearchersnotonlyperformrelevantscienceexperimentsbutalsoseehowpeoplemightgetonunderstrangeconditionsforlongperiodsoftime.So,ifyou'refindingthatlivinginsocialisolationworksforyou,youmightbeparticularlywell-suitedforlivinginaMars-likeenvironmentandthiscouldbeforyou.Butfirst,youhavetoqualify.NASAislookingfor"highlymotivated"Americansbetweentheagesof30-55,whomustspeakbothRussianandEnglishfluentlyandhaveaMasterofScience,DoctorofPhilosophy,DoctorofMedicine,ormilitaryofficertraining.Applicantswithotherrelatedexperiencemayalsobeconsidered.Thosewhoarechosentobeapartofthisgroupwillbepaidfortheirwork.32.Whatdoweknowaboutthenewexperiment?A.ItwillfindthebestwayforhumanstoliveonMars.B.Itisthefirstofitskindtobecarriedoutsince1972.C.ItispreparedforNASA'shumanspaceflightprogram.D.ItwilldecidethepeopletobesenttothemoonbyNASA.33.Whydoestheauthormention"Mars500"inthetext?A.Toexplainwhythefacilityhasbeenchosen.B.Tocomparethesimilaritiesamongrelatedmissions.C.ToshowRussia'sachievementinspaceexploration.D.Toindicatethenewexperimentwillhavegreatsuccess.34.WhatisParagraph6mainlyabout?A.Theprocessoftheexperiment. B.Thepurposesoftheexperiment.C.Thepopularityoftheexperiment. D.Thepreparationsfortheexperiment.35.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Artemis:NASA'snewprogramB.Loveisolation?NASAwantsyou!C.NASA'sMarsexplorationprogram D.WanttohaveatriptoMars?Come!第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Doyoufindyourselftakinganap(打盹)atyourdesk,evenafterwhatyouthoughtwasagoodnight’srest?Thenyouprobablyhavethesamequestionassomanyothers:HowmuchdoIneedtosleep?36.ThisisputforwardbyDr.RajDasgupta,anassistantprofessorattheKeckSchoolofMedicineoftheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.However,hereareafewwaystoimproveyoursleep.Sticktoabedtimeroutine.37.Youcanevenkeepajournaltonotedownthesesleeptimesandhowoftenyouwakeupatnight,saidDasgupta.Bydoingthisyoucanhaveanideaofwhatworksforyou.Besides,youshouldalsomakesureyourroomisdark,coolandcomfortablewhenyougotosleep.“Particularlyifyouareaimingtofallasleepearlier,it’simportanttoexposeyourselftobrightnaturallightasearlyaspossibleintheday,andtolimitexposuretolightinthehoursbeforebedtime,”shesaid.“Electronicdevicesmimic(模仿)manyofthewavelengthsinsunlightthatcueyourbodytostayawake.”39.Dasgupta’srecentstudyshowedthatfocusingattentiontrainingcouldalsohelpchildrensleepoveranhourmorepernight.Theycantakebreathingexercisesandyoga,forexample.Setgoodfoodandexercisehabits.Finally,eatinghealthilyandkeepingadailyfitnessroutinecansupportbettersleepatnight.“40,”hesaid.“Exerciserelievesstress.Italsohelpsbuildupyourdrivetosleepatnight.”A.TryfocusingattentiontechniquesB.TheanswerisnotsostraightforwardC.SeektogettrainingofsomerelaxingexercisesD.YoushouldbeconsistentwithexerciseduringthedayE.Lightexposurecanaffectyourbody’ssleep-wakecycleF.TherewillbeanewelectronicdeviceonthemarketsoonG.Itisgreattogotobedandwakeupatthesametimeeveryday第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完型填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。IteachbiologyatUNLVthreetimesperweek.LastMonday,atthebeginningofclass,I41askedmystudentshowtheirweekendhadbeen.Oneyoungmansaidthathisweekendhadnotbeensogood.Hehadhiswisdomteeth42.ThenhewentontoaskmewhyI43tobesocheerful.Hisquestion44meofsomethingI’dreadsomewherebefore:“Everymorningwhenyougetup,youhaveachoiceabouthowyouwantto45lifethatday,”Isaid.“Ichoosetobecheerful.”“Letmegiveyouan46,”Icontinued,47allsixtystudentsintheclass.“InadditiontoteachinghereatUNLV,IalsoteachoutatthecommunitycollegeinHenderson,17milesdownthefreewayfromwhereIlive.OnedayafewweeksagoIdrovetoHenderson.I48thehighwayandturnedontoCollegeDrive.Ionlyhadtodriveanotherquartermiledowntheroadtothecollege.Butjustthenmycar49.Itriedtostartitagain,buttheenginewouldn’t50.SoIputmyflasherson,tookmybooks,and51downtheroadtothecollege.“AssoonasIgotthere,IcalledAAA(汽车协会)and52foratowtrucktomeetmeatmycarafterclass.Thesecretarythereaskedmewhathadhappened.“Thisismy53day,”Ireplied,smiling.“Yourcarbreaksdownandtodayisyourluckyday?”Shewaspuzzled.“Whatdoyoumean?”“Ilive17milesfromhere”,Ireplied.“Mycarcouldhavebrokendownanywherealongthefreeway.Itdidn’t.54,itbrokedowninthe55place:offthefreeway,withinwalkingdistanceofhere.I’mstillabletoteachmyclass,andI’vebeenabletoarrangeforthetowtrucktomeetmeafterclass.Ifmycarwas56tobreakdowntoday,itcouldn’thavebeenarrangedinamoreconvenientfashion.”Thesecretary’seyesopenedwide,andthenshesmiled.Ismiledbackandheadedforclass.SoIendedmystorytothestudentsinmyeconomicsclass.I57the60facesinthelecturehall.Despitetheearlyhour,nooneseemedtobeasleep.58,mystoryhadtouchedthem.Ormaybeitwasn’tthestoryatall.59,ithadallstartedwithastudent’s60thatIwascheerful.Awisemanoncesaid:“Whoyouarespeaksloudertomethananythingyoucansay”.Isupposeitmustbeso.41.A.seriously B.cheerfully C.curiously D.coldly42.A.cut B.broken C.lost D.removed43.A.never B.seldom C.always D.hardly44.A.reminded B.asked C.informed D.mentioned45.A.approach B.love C.give D.enjoy46.A.lesson B.idea C.story D.example47.A.addressing B.facing C.attracting D.lecturing48.A.entered B.followed C.exited D.took49.A.died B.destroyed C.settled D.parked50.A.turnaround B.turnover C.turnback D.turnaway51.A.moved B.marched C.struggled D.turned52.A.required B.applied C.demanded D.arranged53.A.good B.bad C.lucky D.hard54.A.However B.Therefore C.Instead D.Besides55.A.perfect B.empty C.terrible D.free56.A.wished B.asked C.supposed D.meant57.A.examined B.scanned C.studiedD.analyzed58.A.Somehow B.Anyhow C.ThusD.Therefore59.A.Inaddition B.Inall C.InfactD.Onthecontrary60.A.observation B.recognitionC.judgmentD.consideration第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。A61(major)ofyoungChinesearetakingscientistssuchasYuanLongping,knownas“thefatherofhybridrice”，astheiridols,withmanyofthem62(want)topassontheirspirit,arecentsurvey(调查)found.Thenationwidesurvey,conductedinBeijingbyChinaYouthDaily,interviewed1,630peopleaged14to35andfoundthat81%saidthey63(encourage)bythestoriesofthetopscientistsandwantedtobecomescientists64(they).Yuandied65theageof91inChangsha,Hunanprovince,onMay22.Thesurveyalsofoundthatthe“spiritofscientists”includedloveforthecountryandawillingness66(serve)thepeople,thecourageandeffortstoreach67(science)breakthroughs.HuangChong，theheadofthesocialinvestigation(调查)centeratChinaYouthDaily68ledthesurvey,saidthefindingswereunexpected.HuanghadnotexpectedtofindthatintheInternetage,69onlinecelebritiesattractmuchattentionandquicklygainfameandbenefits,somanyyoungpeoplewouldwanttobecomescientistsasomewhatlow-keyoccupationthatrequireslonghoursofhardwork,forwhichrewardscome70(slow).第四部分：写作(共两节,满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文。请你修改你同桌写的以下作文.文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；只允许修改10处,多者（从第11处起）不计分。Mary,myfavoriteteacher,isaprettylady.Ilikehimbestbecausesheisnotonlyfriendlybutalsoprofessional.Shehasgoodteachingmethods.Herclassisfulloffunssowedon’tfeelboring.Toimproveourgrades,sheusuallygivesussomeadviceaboutwhattolearnEnglishwell.What’smore,shespendsmuchtimehelpeverystudent.Sometimes,shenearlyhasnotimetohavelunch.WhenIaskherquestions,shealwaystriestomakemetounderstandwithmuchpatienceandcare.I’mluckilyenoughtohavesuchgoodteacherinmylife.Maryhaveagreatinfluenceonme.Manythankswithherhelp.第二节书面表达（满分25分）针对校园浪费粮食的现象，学校将举行以“节约粮食”为主题的倡议活动。假定你是学生会主席，请你代表学生会给全体同学写一封倡议书，内容如下：1.活动的意义；2.具体的做法；3.呼吁从我做起，节约粮食。注意：1.写作词数应为100词左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Dearfellowstudents,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TheStudents'Union

期末考试答案听力：1—5BABCC6—10BBAAC11—15CAACB16—20CBACA阅读理解：21-23.ACD24-27ACAB28-31.CACD32-35.CABB36-40BGEAD完形填空：41-45.BDCAA46-50.DACAB51-55.BDCCA41-45CBCAD46-50BABCD51-55ABDCC56-60.DBACA语法填空：61.majority62.wanting63.wereencouraged64.themselves65.at66.toserve67.scientific68.who/that69.when70.slowly短文改错1.him→her2.funs→fun3.boring→bored4.what→how5.help→helping6.去掉understand前面的to7.luckily→lucky8.在good前加a9.have→has10.with→for范文：Dearfellowstudents,BeingthriftonfoodisaChinesetraditionalvirtue.Moreimportantly,inthetimeofpandemicandnaturaldisasters,savingfoodisofvitalsignificanceforacountrywith1.4billionpeople.Theschoolistolaunchacampaignagainstfoodwaste.Posterswillbeputuptoadvocatesavingfood.Asforstudents,pleasedon’torderfoodthatwecan’tfinish.Furthermore,let’sremindeachothertocleartheplateallthetimeorpackleftovershome.Remember,everygraincomesafterhardtoil.Let’ssavefoodanddoitfromtoday!TheStudents'Union阅读理解A篇：【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几条很棒的徒步旅行挑战的详细信息。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“WeHiketoHealisamonth-longwomen'sempowermentandwellnesscampaignthatorganizesgrouphikesallovertheworldontheIasiSaturdayofMarch.Theorganization'smissionistoencouragewomenallovertheworldtotapintothehealingandempoweringinfluenceswithinthemselvesandtheGreatOutdoors.（“我们徒步治愈”是一个为期一个月的妇女赋权和健康运动，在三月的最后一个星期六在世界各地组织集体徒步旅行。该组织的使命是鼓励世界各地的妇女利用治愈和增强自身和户外的影响力。）”可知，“WeHiketoHeal”是专门为女性设计的。故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Registeronlinenowandtheresourcesontheirwebsiteallowyoutotrackyourjourneyasyoucompleteeachweeklyhikeandearncompletionbadgesasyougo.（现在在线注册，他们网站上的资源允许你跟踪你的旅程，当你完成每周的徒步旅行，并在你走的时候获得完成徽章。）”、第三段“Youcanjointhemovementforfreeinthelinkaboveandfindfreegrouphikesthatwillbehappeningallovertheworld.（你可以在上面的链接中免费加入运动，并找到将在全世界发生的免费团体远足。）”、文章第四段“youattendaninformationalsession,registerandgetyourownonlinefund-raisingpageandraisemoneytosupportyourtrekforchildren'scancerresearch.（你参加一个信息会议，注册并得到你自己的在线筹款页面，为你的儿童癌症研究之旅筹集资金。）”以及文章最后一段“jointheFacebookgroup（加入Facebook群组）”可知，，所有挑战的共同点是都与网络有关。故选C。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thegoalofthe52HikeChallengeistogetyououtsidemovingeveryweekforanentireyear.（52徒步旅行挑战的目标是让你在整整一年的时间里每周都在户外活动。）”以及第五段“Thegoalistogetoutsideeverydayandwalkamile.（目标是每天出去走一英里。）”可知，这两项挑战需要参与者进行规律性的运动。故选D。B篇：

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍的是科学家CarlWilhelmScheele的生平和主要成就。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Bornin1742inpresent-dayGermany,Scheelelearnedaboutchemicalsfromhisparentsstartingatayoungage.(舍勒于1742年出生在现在的德国，很小的时候就从父母那里学会了化学。)”可知，第一个教Scheele化学的是他的父母。故选A。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In1767,hemovedtoStockholm,wherehediscoveredtartaricacid.(1767年，他移居斯德哥尔摩，在那里他发现了酒石酸。)”和第三段“AfterthreeyearsinStockholm,hebecamethedirectoroftheLockeLaboratory.Itwasthere,whilehewasanalyzingastrangereaction,thatScheelebecamethefirstpersontoidentifyoxygen.(在斯德哥尔摩呆了三年之后，他成为了洛克实验室的主任。正是在那里，当他在分析一个奇怪的反应时，Scheele成为第一个发现氧气的人。)”可推知，Scheele可能是1770年发现氧气的，故选C。【26题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Scheelebecamethefirstpersontoidentifyoxygen.(Scheele成为第一个发现氧气的人。)”和第四段该词后的“Scheelebelievedoxygentobethissubstance(Scheele认为氧是这种物质)”可知该词指代“氧气”。故选A。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Throughhiswork,hethusexposedhimselftomanyharmfulmaterials.ThesechemicalshadadeadlyeffectonScheele,andheeventuallydiedofkidneyfailurein1786.(通过他的工作，他接触到了许多有害物质。这些化学物质对舍勒产生了致命的影响，他最终于1786年死于肾衰竭。)”可知，Scheele实际上是由于他的危险工作而死的。故选B。C篇：【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了女子日间学校信托的主任HelenFraser指出体育可以帮助女孩应对失败，她通过提到那些著名女性来表明运动可以帮助女孩成功，鼓励人们多为让女孩做运动付出努力。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Researchthatgirlsarefarlessactivethanboysisworrying,sheargues.(她认为，关于女孩远不如男孩活跃的研究令人担忧)”以及倒数第二段中“Ms.FrasersaysOlympicmedallistslikeJessicaEnnisandKatherineGraingerareexcellentrolemodelsforyoungwomenbutsayswomen’ssportneedsmoremoneyandmorenewsreports.(Fraser说，像JessicaEnnis和KatherineGrainger这样的奥运奖牌获得者是年轻女性的优秀榜样，但她说，女子体育需要更多资金和更多的新闻报道)”可知，C选项“应该做更多的事情来让女孩做运动”的观点Fraser女士会认同。故选C。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Oneinfivegirlsdonoactivityatall,twicetheproportionofboys,theresearchsuggests.(研究表明，五分之一的女孩完全不运动，是男孩比例的两倍)”可知，从不锻炼的男孩的比例是1/10。故选A。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Ms.Frasersaysotherresearchsuggeststhatmorethan80%ofwomenbusinessleadersplayedsportswhilegrowingup.SheusestheexamplesofformerUSSecretaryofStateCondoleezzaRice,whooncewasaskaterandtennisplayer,andtheheadoftheInternationalMonetaryFund,ChristineLagarde,whowasintheFrenchnationalswimmingteam.Ms.FrasersaysOlympicmedallistslikeJessicaEnnisandKatherineGraingerareexcellentrolemodelsforyoungwomenbutsayswomen'ssportneedsmoremoneyandmorenewsreports.(Fraser女士说，其他研究表明，超过80%的女性商界领袖在成长过程中都参加过体育运动。她引用了美国前国务卿CondoleezzaRice和法国国家游泳队成员、国际货币基金组织总裁ChristineLagarde的例子。Rice曾是一名滑冰运动员和网球运动员。Fraser说，像JessicaEnnis和KatherineGrainger这样的奥运奖牌获得者是年轻女性的优秀榜样，但她说，女子体育需要更多资金和更多的新闻报道)”可推知，Fraser女士提到那些著名女性来表明运动可以帮助女孩成功。故选C。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Girlsshouldtakepartincompetitivesporttobuildconfidence,andtheleadersofagroupofgirls’schoolswillarguethisweek.HelenFraser,directoroftheGirls'DaySchoolTrust(GDST),willtellthegroupthatsportcanhelpgirlsdealwithfailure.(女孩们应该参加竞技体育来建立信心，一组女子学校的领导人将在本周进行辩论。女子日间学校信托的主任HelenFraser将告诉该组织，体育可以帮助女孩应对失败)”结合文章主要说明了女子日间学校信托的主任HelenFraser指出体育可以帮助女孩应对失败，她通过提到那些著名女性来表明运动可以帮助女孩成功，鼓励人们多为让女孩做运动付出努力。可推知，这篇文章的目的是鼓励更多的女孩做运动。故选D。D篇：【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍美国宇航局要做的一个新实验。这个新实验是为美国宇航局的载人航天计划准备的。你在与世隔绝的环境中还能保持健康吗?美国宇航局正在寻找被关在俄罗斯实验室8个月进行新实验的人。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Currently,NASA'sArtemisprogramaimstolandhumansonthemoonforthefirsttimesinceNASA'sApollo17missionlandedin1972.(目前，美国宇航局的“阿尔忒弥斯”计划的目标是自1972年美国宇航局的“阿波罗17号”登月任务以来，首次将人类送上月球)”可知，这个新实验是为美国宇航局的载人航天计划准备的。故选C。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Thishabitatfacilitywasusedin2011fornotableseriesofRussianmock(模拟的)MarsmissionsknownasMars500.(这个栖息地设施在2011年被用于一系列著名的俄罗斯模拟火星任务，被称为“火星500”)”可知，作者在文中提到“火星500”是为了解释为什么会选择这个设施。故选A。【34题详解】主旨大意题。根据第六段中的“BylivingandworkinginthisMars-likeenvironment,participantsinthisstudywillhelpNASAresearchersbetterunderstandthepsychologicalandphysiological(心理和生理的)effectsofisolation.(通过在这种类似火星的环境中生活和工作，这项研究的参与者将帮助NASA研究人员更好地理解隔离的心理和生理影响)”可知，第六段讲的是实验的目的。故选B。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Doyoucontinuetobehealthyinsocialisolation?NASAislookingforpeopletospend8monthslockedinaRussianlabforanewexperiment.(你在与世隔绝的环境中还能保持健康吗？美国宇航局正在寻找被关在俄罗斯实验室8个月进行新实验的人)”可知，这篇文章的最佳标题是B项Loveisolation?NASAwantsyou!故选B。七选五：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几条关于如何提高睡眠质量的建议。36.B空前讲“我”需要多少睡眠呢？B项“这个答案并不是那么简单”紧承上文，符合语境。故选B。37.G空前讲保持（规律的）就寝时间；空后讲你甚至可以写日记记下这些睡眠时间和晚上醒来的频率。G项“每天在同一时间上床睡觉和起床是很棒的”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。38.E空前讲在上床前尽早关闭电子设备；空后讲尤其是如果你的目标是早点入睡，在白天中尽可能早地将自己暴露在光线充足的自然光下，并且要减少睡觉前几个小，这是很重要的39.A空后讲最近的研究表明，集中注意力训练也可以帮助孩子们每晚多睡一个多小时。A项“尝试集中注意力的技巧”引出下文，符合语境。故选A。40.D空前讲健康的饮食和日常的锻炼可以有助于晚上拥有更好的睡眠；空后讲他说，锻炼会减轻压力。D项“你应该在白天坚持锻炼”承上启下，符合语境。故选D。完形填空:【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者将自己的经历——车抛锚的事件，讲述给学生们听，学生们深受感动。作者旨在通过自己的故事告诉学生们：每天早上当你起床时，要选择快乐的对待每一天。【41题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我每周在拉斯维加斯大学上三次生物课。上周一在上课之初，我兴致盎然地问学生们周末过得怎么样。A.seriously严肃地；B.cheerfully兴致盎然地；C.curiously好奇地；D.coldly冷漠地。根据后文的“ThenhewentontoaskmewhyI____43____tobesocheerful.”可知，作者是兴致盎然地向同学们询问。故选B。【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他把智齿拔掉了。A.cut切割；B.break打破；C.lose丢失；D.remove移走，移除。根据前文“Oneyoungmansaidthathisweekendhadnotbeensogood.”（一个年轻人说他的周末过得不太好。）以及teeth可知，这个年轻学生去拔了智齿。故选D。【43题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后他又问我为什么总是这么高兴。A.never从未；B.seldom几乎不；C.always一直；D.hardly几乎不。根据前文的“I____41____askedmystudentshowtheirweekendhadbeen.”可知，作者总是保持愉悦的状态。故选C。【44题详解】考查动词词