外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册UNIT4 Period4课件

Period4

Unit4

Everydayeconomics主题语境人与社会——社会（热点）问题课时学案单元语法讲练(Usinglanguage)(1)superiorin

在……方面优越superiorto 比……优越；比……好(2)superiorityn．

优越(性)，优势；优越感1．superioradj．质量上乘的，优质的[名师点津]

superior表示“较好的，更好的”，因该词本身已含有比较意味，其前不能用more；另外，在两者做比较时，不能与than连用，要与介词to连用。与其用法相似的词还有prior，junior，senior，inferior等。[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Yourgoodsaresuperior__qualitycomparedwiththoseofothermanufacturers．②Drivingthecargavehimafeelingoftotalcontrol，effortless__________(superior)．③人类的大脑将永远优越于机器，因为机器仅仅只是人脑的工具。Thehumanmindwillalways_____________________becausemachinesareonlytoolsofhumanminds．insuperioritybesuperiortomachines(1)cometoanend

完结；结束bring...toanend＝put/bringanendto

使……结束；终止(2)attheend(of) 在(……的)尽头intheend 最后，终于

onend 不停地，连续地；竖着地2．makeendsmeet使收支仅能相抵[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Themeetingnearlycame__anendwhenIgottothemeetingroom．②Theyarguedfortwodays___end；___theend，theydecidedtobring/putanend__thisendlessargument．③随着生活花费的上升，他们发现很难做到收支相抵。Withthecostoflivinggoingup，they____________________________．toonintofinditdifficulttomakeendsmeetbeindebt

欠债fall/get/runintodebt 负债be/getoutofdebt 摆脱/还清债务payoffone'sdebts 偿清某人的债务putsb．indebt 使某人负债3．gointodebt陷入债务之中，负债[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Ifapersonisheavily__debt，heisunabletoearnhisliving，letalonegainindependence．②Whatmadehimhappywasthatafteralltheseyearsheatlastpaid___allhisdebts．③自己创业可能是实现经济独立的一种方法。但另一方面，它可能会让你负债。Startingyourownbusinesscouldbeawaytoachievefinancialindependence．Ontheotherhand，itcould__________________．inoffputyouindebt复习定语从句一、引导定语从句的关系词1．定语从句关系词的用法

关系词先行词充当的成分关系代词who人主语、宾语、表语whom人宾语关系词先行词充当的成分关系代词which物/事主语、宾语、表语that人/物主语、宾语、表语、状语whose人/物定语as人/物/事主语、宾语、表语Sheisthegirlwholivesnextdoor．她就是住在隔壁的女孩。She'sthestudentwhosehandwritingisthebestinmyclass．她是我们班里书法最好的学生。关系词先行词充当的成分关系副词when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语Asisknowntousall，Chinaisadevelopingcountry．众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。IstillrememberthedayswhenwestayedinEngland．我仍然记得我们在英国的那些日子。2．关系代词和关系副词的选用

(1)用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。如果是及物动词，就要用关系代词；如果是不及物动词，则要用关系副词。Theletterthat/whichIreceivedyesterdaywasfrommyfather．昨天我收到的那封信是我父亲寄来的。ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear．这是我去年待过的山村。(2)准确判断关系词在定语从句中所作的成分(主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语)，也能正确选择出关系代词或关系副词。在从句中作主语、定语、宾语、表语、方式状语时，应选用关系代词(who，whom，that，which，whose，as)；在从句中作地点、时间、原因状语时，应分别选用关系副词(where，when，why)。3．that和which引导的定语从句的区别

用that不用which的情况先行词是all，much，few，little，everything，anything，nothing，none，theone等不定代词时先行词被all，few，little，much，every，some，no等词修饰或被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast等限定词修饰时用that不用which的情况先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词，或先行词被其修饰时先行词既指人又指物时主句是who或which等引导的特殊疑问句时Weshoulddoeverythingthatisusefultothepeople．我们应该做一切有益于人民的事。Thisisthesmallestcomputerthatcanbefoundintheworldnow．这是目前发现的世界上最小的计算机。Iboughtagreatmanybooks，onwhichIspentallmymoneythatIsaved．我买了很多书，这些书花了我积攒的所有的钱。用which不用that的情况在非限制性定语从句中用which不用that关系代词前有介词时用which不用that[即时训练1]单句语法填空①Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose____aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths．②Doyouknowthereason____hewasabsentyesterday?③___isreported，thatsmallriverhasbeenseriouslypolluted．④Weliveinanage_____moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore．whowhyAswhen⑤Doyouknowthethingsandpersons____theyaretalkingabout?⑥Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood，_____wasmorethanwehadexpected．⑦LasVegashaswonderfulrestaurants_____youcaneatmanydifferentkindsoffood．⑧Areyouwillingtojointhegroup______goalistoprotecttheendangeredanimals?⑨Theman________ItalkedaboutatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity．thatwhichwherewhosewho(m)二、“介词＋关系代词”的用法1．“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定方法。(1)根据从句中的谓语动词确定介词。Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichhecanlive．那个穷人没房子住。(2)根据定语从句修饰的先行词确定介词。Idon'tknowthereasonforwhichhewaslateforschool．我不知道他为何上学迟到。(3)根据句子所要表达的意思确定介词。Thisisthepilotbywhommysonwassaved．这就是那位救了我儿子的飞行员。2．“介词＋关系代词”结构中的关系代词通常用which或whom，不用that。I'llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedthearmy．我永远也忘不了我参军的那一天。Doyouknowthemanwithwhom

MrBlacktalkedjustnow?你认识刚才与布莱克先生谈话的那个人吗？3．“介词＋which”结构可以被关系副词where，when，why替换。ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago．＝ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago．这就是两年前我居住的那个房子。4．“不定代词或数词＋介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句说明整体或整体中的部分。Lastweek，onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse，neitherofwhomwantedtobuyit．上周只有两个人来看房子，他们两个人都不想买。5．“the＋名词＋ofwhich”或“ofwhich＋the＋名词”可替换“whose＋名词”，引导定语从句。Thehousethewindowsofwhich/ofwhichthewindows/whosewindowsweredamagedhasnowbeenrepaired．窗子遭破坏的那所房子现在已经修好了。[即时训练2]用“介词＋关系代词”合并句子①Hewrotealetter．Intheletterheexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident．→Hewrotealetter_________heexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident．②Ourcompanyhas2，000workers．Twothirdsofthemarewomen．→Ourcompanyhas2，000workers，__________________________________arewomen．inwhichtwothirdsofwhom/ofwhomtwothirds③Winteristhetimeofyear．Duringthistimethedaysareshortandthenightsarelong．→Winteristhetimeofyear，_____________thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong．④I'mverythankfultoMrWang．WithouthisencouragementIcouldn'thavebeenadmittedtoakeyuniversity．→I'mverythankfultoMrWang，__________________________Icouldn'thavebeenadmittedtoakeyuniversity．duringwhichwithoutwhoseencouragement三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系密切(删除后影响整个句子意思的表达)和先行词关系不密切(起补充说明的作用，删除后不影响整个句子意思的表达)不用逗号隔开一般用逗号隔开只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分既可以修饰先行词，也可以修饰整个主句或主句的一部分Hehastwosonswho/thatworkinthesamecompany．他有两个在同一家公司上班的儿子。(他不止两个儿子)Hehastwosons，whoworkinthesamecompany．他有两个儿子，他们在同一家公司上班。(他只有两个儿子)2．as/which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别

as引导非限制性定语从句时，修饰整句话或整件事从句可置于主句前、主句中或主句后，一般译为“正如，就像”Asweallknow，smokingisharmfultohealth．我们都知道，吸烟有害健康。Hefinishedthetaskaheadoftime，which/asisveryimportanttous．他提前完成了任务，这对我们很重要。which引导非限制性定语从句时，修饰整句话或整件事，也可修饰先行词从句常置于主句后，有时在主句中，一般译为“结果”[即时训练3]单句语法填空①Heistheman_________cametoseeyouyesterday．②Myaunt，___________youmetinthesupermarket，hasgonetoLondononbusiness．③Finallyhereachedalonelyisland___________wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld．who/thatwhom/whowhich/that④The12-year-oldboywonthegoldmedal，_____cameasasurprisetomanypeople．⑤___isreportedinthenewspaper，talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress．whichAs短文语境填空Mysisterisacollegestudent1．_________isstudyinginBeijingUniversity．Iwillneverforgetthedays2．_____Ivisitedthisuniversitylastsummer．Sheshowedmearoundtoseethevariousfacilities，includingthelibrary3．___________attractsmeverymuch．Therearemorethantenthousandcollegestudents，allof4．______arefightingfortheirpromisingfuture，5．_________Ihaveneverthoughtbefore．who/thatwhenwhich/thatwhomwhich/asSheisamodelfrom6．_____Iwilllearn．IamdeterminedtostudyhardtobeadmittedintoBeijingUniversity7．_____Iwillimmersemyselfinstronghistoricalandculturalatmosphere．whomwhere①sorrown．令人悲伤的事，不幸②objectn．(极欲得到、研究、注意等的)对象③publishvariouspapers发表各种论文papern．纸，纸张；报纸；文件，文献；试卷；论文④statev．陈述，说明课下预习第二篇课文(Developingideas)⑤bebeneficialto对……有好处，有益于……⑥setup创建，建立setouton开始进行(某项旅程、任务或计划)⑦takeon具有(特征、外观等)，呈现takeaction开始行动⑧frustrationn．懊丧，懊恼，沮丧⑨varyfrom...to...从……到……不同⑩takeoff起飞；脱下；开始成功⑪responsen．回应⑫increasingdemandfor对……不断增长的需求⑬competitiveadj．有竞争力的⑭deliverv．传递，传送⑮attheclickof一按……⑯designerclothes名牌服装⑰rock-bottomprices最低价格⑱rentout出租(房屋、房间、土地等)⑲acoupleofdays几天⑳cutdown(onsth．)减少，削减(某物)㉑existingregulations现有法规㉒ongoingsupervision持续监管㉓takeadvantageof利用㉔sharen．股份，份额㉕expensen．费用，花费attheexpenseof以损害……为代价㉖besubjectto可能受……影响的㉗abusen．滥用㉘propertyn．财产，财物㉙victimn．受害者㉚theftn．偷窃，偷盗㉛secureadj．安全的securityn．

保护措施；保安部门；担保㉜potentialrisks潜在的风险potentialcustomers/buyers/investors/clients潜在顾客/买家/投资者/客户withpotential有潜力的㉝nonethelessadv．尽管如此

㉞berelevantto与……相关What'smineisyours．We'vebeentoldsinceweweretoddlersthat“It'sgoodtoshare”．Parentsandteacherskeepremindingustosharetoys，snacks，books，happymemories，andsometimesevensorrows①withothers．Whenwegrowup，wesharephotos，lifestoriesandopinionswithpeoplearoundusandwiththosewedon'tknowviasocialmedia．[1]Takingitasanobject②ofstudy，psychologistshavepublishedvariouspapers③

stating④thatthebehaviourofsharingisbeneficialto⑤

settingup⑥positiveemotionalbonding．[1]本句为主从复合句。Takingitasanobjectofstudy为动词-ing形式短语作状语；that引导宾语从句。Today，theactionofsharingtakeson⑦extrameaning．It'snotjustaboutsharingsweetsorfrustration⑧；ithasexpandedtoalmosteveryaspectofourlives—thewholeworldseemstobeintosharing．Weareusingtechnologytoreducethemoneythatwespendongoodsandservices，ortomakemoneyoutofthosethatwedon'tuseourselvesallofthetime．Thesevaryfromcarsharesto⑨homeshares，andeventopetshares．Thesharingeconomyistakingoff⑩inallsortsofareas．Itiscreatingnewwaysofthinkingandisprovidingservicestopeoplewhenandwheretheywantthem．Thiswealthofwaysofsharingisaresponse⑪toourincreasingdemandfor⑫qualitygoodsandservicesatcompetitive⑬prices，[2]alldelivered⑭

attheclickof⑮abutton．[3]Whetherit'sanonlineshopwherewecanhiredesignerclothes⑯atrock-bottomprices⑰，oraplatformfromwhichwecanrentout⑱ourflatsforacoupleofdays⑲，it'soutthere．Whetherwe'realenderoraborrower，it'sawin-winsituation；everyonemakesorsavesmoney．Wealsomakeconnectionsandsometimesevenmakenewfriends．What'smore，sharingencouragesustoreuseitems，therebycuttingdown⑳onwaste．Andset-upssuchasbikeandcarsharingdoafurtherfavourfortheenvironmentbyreducingthenumberofpollutingvehiclesontheroad．[2]alldeliveredattheclickofabutton为独立主格结构。[3]句中Whether...or...引导让步状语从句；其中where引导定语从句，先行词为shop；fromwhichwecan...acoupleofdays为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。Butthesharingeconomyisnotwithoutitsproblems．[4]Asisoftenthecaseallovertheworldwithnewareasofeconomicactivity，thesharingeconomyisdevelopingfasterthanexistingregulations㉑orongoingsupervision㉒．Somecompaniesaretakingunfairadvantageof㉓thissituationtoexpandtheirshare㉔ofthemarket，oftenattheexpense㉕ofmoretraditionalandestablishedcompanies．Inaddition，thesharingeconomyissubjectto㉖abuse㉗oftrust．Somepeoplehaveexperienceddamagetotheirproperties㉘whilstrentingouttheirhomes，andothershavefoundthemselvesvictims㉙

oftheft㉚orattackwhilesharingrides．Finally，personaldata，theheartofthesharingeconomy，isnotyetsecure㉛．Sharingplatformscollectpersonalinformationaboutalmosteverypartofourlives，includingournames，locations，bankinformation，andindividualpreferencesforgoodsandservices．Yet，thetechnologytopreventsuchinformationfromleakingorbeingstolenstillneedsimprovement，andtheawarenessofpotentialrisks㉜islowamongbothserviceprovidersandusers．[4]句中As为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，在句中作主语。Nonetheless㉝，