高电压设备测试（High Voltage Equipment Testing）（英文版） 课件 Worksheet 1 High Voltage Safety

《HighVoltageEquipmentTesting》HighVoltageSafety主讲人：何发武（副教授）OperatingWorksheet：TableofContents01Followme02Workshop03Training01FollowmeFollowmeHigh-voltagetestingisahigh-risktaskinelectricaltesting.Duringtheprocessofhigh-voltagetesting,itisnecessarytocomplywithrelevantnationalsafetyregulationstoensurepersonalsafetyandthesafetyofthepowersystem.Themainstandardforhigh-voltagetestingisreferencedfromthe“StandardforElectricalEquipmentInstallationEngineering-ElectricalEquipmentHandoverTesting”（GB50150–2016）.Ⅰ.SafetyDistanceThesafetydistancereferstotheminimumairgapmaintainedbetweentheoperatorandtheliveobjecttoensurepersonalandequipmentsafety.Thesizeofthesafetydistancevariesdependingonthevoltagelevel,equipmenttype,installationmethod,andweatherconditions.AccordingtothecurrentsafetyregulationsoftheStateGridpowerplantandsubstation,thesafetydistancesforliveequipmentare0.7

mfor10

kV,1

mfor35

kV,1.5

mfor110

kV,3

mfor220

kV,4

mfor330

kV,and5

mfor500

kV.Ⅰ.SafetyDistanceThesafetydistanceforoperatingnon-power-offequipmentintheStateGrid’s10

kVdistributionstationisshowninFigure1-1.Whenthedistancebetweentheliveobjectandthehumanbody,equipment,andlivewiresduringtestingdoesnotmeettherequirements,temporarybarriers,insulatingshields,insulatingmats,etc.,mustbeinstalledforisolation.Ifsparksordischargesoundsoccurduringthetesting,itindicatesthatthedistanceisnotsufficient.Stopthetestimmediately,adjustthedistance,wipetheinsulationsurface,andtestagain.Figure1-1Ⅱ.SafetyRegulationsHigh-voltagetestsafetyoperatingprocedures:poweroutage,powertesting,grounding,hangingsignage,eachstepmustbeperformedinstrictaccordancewiththeorder.Onepersoninoperation,onepersoninguard.Accordingtothecontentoftheworkpermission,thepowerlineandequipmentshouldbeconfirmedtocutofffromthepower.Thecorrespondingvoltagelevelelectroscopeshouldbeusedintheelectricitytest,andtheelectricityshouldbetesteditembyitemattheinstallationofthegroundingwireortheclosingofthegroundingswitch.Whengrounding,afterconfirmingthereisnovoltage,thehigh-voltagelinesandequipmentshouldbegroundedandshort-circuitedimmediately,andalllinesthatmaybereverselypoweredshouldbegrounded.Ⅱ.SafetyRegulationsTheclimateconditionsforhighvoltageinsulationtestingshouldnotbelowerthan+5C,andtherelativehumidityoftheairshouldgenerallynotexceed80%.Thetestingsequenceof“non-destructivetestingbeforedestructivetesting”shouldbefollowed.Iftheweatherhumidityistoohigh,theinsulationsurfacemaycondenseorformawaterfilm,whichwillreducethesurfaceinsulationresistance,greatlyincreasethesurfaceleakagecurrent,andalsocausedistortionoftheelectricfielddistributionontheinsulationsurface,resultingincoronadischarge,affectingthemeasurementresults,andrequiringtestingtoberescheduled.Ⅱ.SafetyRegulationsBeforeandafterthetesting,establishsafetymonitoringandprotectionsystems.Thetestingpersonnelshouldwearnecessaryprotectiveequipmentbeforethetesting(“two-wearingandthree-carrying”:wearingworkinguniform,wearinginsulatingboots,carryingsafetyhelmets,carryinginsulatinggloves,andcarryingvoltagedetectors).Thetestingsiteshouldsetupfencesandhang“Stop,HighVoltageDanger”signsfacingoutward.Foroperationsabove2

m,adequatefallprotectionmeasuresshouldbetaken.Personnelandequipmentshouldmaintainasafetestingdistance,asshowninFigure1-2.Figure1-202WorkshopⅠ.WorkspecificationThesafetyleveloftheworkersmustnotbelowerthanlevelthree.Workersshouldfastentheirseatbelts,wearsafetyhelmets,andtakeanti-slipmeasures.Workcanonlybecarriedoutinclearweatherconditions,startingfrom9:00AM.Onesupervisorcanonlyoverseeonegroupofworkers.Groundingworkersmustwearsafetyhelmets.Thetoolscarriedbytheworkersmustbeplacedintoolbags,andthebagsmustbesecurelyfastenedtopreventtoolsfromfallingandinjuringgroundworkers.Ⅰ.WorkspecificationThepowersupplyinthehigh-voltageroommustbecompletelyshutoff,andpropersafetymeasuresmustbetakenbeforeworkcancommence.Workshopleadersmustbepresenton-sitetoensuresafety.Whenchangingthebusbarorsupportingporcelainbottles,payattentiontopersonalandequipmentsafetytopreventinjuriesandequipmentdamage.Ⅰ.WorkspecificationWhenconductinghigh-voltagetestsonelectricalequipment,afencemustbesetuparoundtheworkarea,withasignhangingonthefencewith“NoEntry,HighVoltageDanger!”Guardsshouldbestationedthere.Onlyoneworkgroupisallowedtoperformhigh-voltagetestsononepieceofequipmentwithinaspecificelectricalconnection.Agroundingwireshouldbeinstalledonthemaintenancesideofthedisconnectionpoint,andasignwith“NoEntry,HighVoltageDanger!”shouldbehungonthehigh-voltagetestside,facingthemaintenanceworkarea.Ⅰ.WorkspecificationIndividualsarenotallowedtoenterhigh-voltagecompartmentsorprotectivefencesalone.Thedistancebetweenindividualsandlivepartsmustbeequaltoorgreaterthanthevaluespecified.Whentherearehigh-voltageequipmentneartheworkarea,fencesshouldbesetuparoundtheworkareawithcorrespondingsignshanging.Theremustbededicatedpersonneltosupervisethework,andoperatorsmustuseinsulatingtoolswhilestandingoninsulatingmats.Short-circuitingofliveterminalsmustbeavoided.Measuresshouldbetakentoensurethatthesecondarysideofpotentialtransformersdoesnotshort-circuitandthemutualsecondarysideofcurrenttransformersdoesnotopencircuit.Ⅰ.WorkspecificationWhenthedistancebetweenworkersandlivepartsofhigh-voltageequipmentequalsthespecifiedsafetydistance,thefollowingoperationsareallowedtobeperformedonthehigh-voltageequipmentwithoutpoweroutage:replacingsiliconeandtakingoilsamples.Inanycircumstances,workersmustmaintainthespecifiedsafetydistancefromliveparts.Thesafetylevelofworkersandsupervisorsmustnotbelowerthanleveltwo.Ⅰ.WorkspecificationBeforecarryingoutanyworkrelatedtohigh-voltageelectricalequipment,powerworkersneedtothoroughlyreadtheequipmentusermanual.Duringtheworkprocess,appropriatesafetyprecautionsshouldbetaken,andrelevantoperatingspecificationsmustbestrictlyfollowedtoprotectone’sownlife.Fixedplacementofinstrumentsshouldbedoneaccordingtotheinstrument’sfunctionalclassification,asshowninFigure1-3.Figure1-3Ⅰ.WorkspecificationDuringhigh-voltagetesting,thetestsupervisorshouldbeanexperiencedstaff.Beforestartingthetest,thetestsupervisorshouldprovidedetailedinstructionsonsafetyprecautionstoalltestpersonnelandassigndedicatedpersonnelforsupervision.Themetalcasingofthetestequipmentshouldbereliablygroundedusingmulti-strandedsoftbarecopperwirewithacross-sectionalareanotlessthan25

mm2.Thehigh-voltageleadsshouldbekeptasshortaspossibleandsupportedsecurelywithinsulationmaterialsifnecessary.Thepowerswitchofthetestequipmentshouldbeadouble-poleswitchwithaclearlyvisibledisconnectpoint.Intheoperationcircuitofthetestequipment,inadditiontothepowerswitch,azeropositionswitchshouldbeconnectedinseries,andanoverloadautomatictrippingdeviceshouldbeinstalled.Beforeandafterthewithstandvoltagetestoflargecapacitorequipmentorcapacitors,sufficientgroundingandshort-circuitdischargeshouldbecarriedout.Ⅰ.WorkspecificationWhenperformingvoltagetestingonhigh-voltageequipmentorinstalling/removinggroundingwires,itisnecessaryfortwopersonstoworksimultaneously.Theoperatorandthesupervisormustwearinsulatingbootsandsafetyhelmets,andtheoperatormustwearinsulatinggloves.Duringvoltagetesting,anappropriateandqualifiedelectroscopewithsuitablevoltageratingsmustbeused.Theelectroscopeshouldfirstbetestedonenergizedequipmenttoconfirmitsproperfunctioning,andthenvoltagetestingcanbeperformedonde-energizedequipment.Finally,aretestshouldbeconductedonenergizedequipment.Ⅰ.WorkspecificationDuringvoltagetesting,allincomingandoutgoinglinesoftheequipmentbeingtestedshouldbechecked.Highvoltagetestingcaneliminateerrorssuchasstopwrongelectricityornopoweroutage,andpreventhanginggroundwireinthecaseoflive,asshowninFigure1-4,Figure1-5.Figure

1-4

Figure

1-5Ⅰ.WorkspecificationThereshouldbepersonnelsupervisionduringtheinstallationandremovalofgroundingwires,asshowninFigure11-6.Theinstalledgroundingwireshouldhavegoodcontactandreliableconnection.Thegroundingwireshouldbeconnectedtothegroundingendfirst,andthentotheconductorendduringinstallation.Thesequenceisreversedfortheremovalofthegroundingwire.Figure1-6Ⅱ.NotesInstallationandremovalofgroundingwireswithonepersonoperatingandanotherpersonsupervising.Thegroundingwireshallbeusedwithspecialclips,firmlyconnected,goodcontact,strictlyprohibitedwinding.Thegroundingwireshouldusebarecoppersofts