2024-2025学年北京东城区高三（上）期末英语试卷（含答案详解）

第2页/共19页2025北京东城高三（上）期末英语本试卷共12页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Drakewasridinginthepassengerseatofhisgrandfather’struckalongRoute75.Thegrandfather,Hugh,68,wasincontactwithaco-workerwhen___1___somethingwasverywrong.Hugh___2___talkingandlookednotquitehimself.Drakecalledoutandaskedwhetherhewasallright,butHughwasnolongerconscious.Hugh’sco-worker,whowasstillontheline,toldDraketousehisgrandfather’scellphonetocallhismother,Jessica.She___3___hersontoclimbontohisgrandfather’slap,takeholdofthewheelandpullovertotheshoulderofthehighway.Thenthecalldropped.Drakelivesonafarmandhasdrivengolfcarts.“There’salwaysanadultwatching,buthedrivesalone,”hismothersaid.The___4___behindthewheelgavehimtheconfidenceto___5___hisgrandfather’svehicle.Hepulledoff,called911andtoldtheoperatorwhathadhappenedandwherehewaslocated.“I’mreallyscared,”Drakeaddedintears.“Idon’twanthimtodie.”Policeandanambulancequicklyarrivedatthe___6___.AlthoughDrakewasrelievedthathelphadarrived,hesaid,“Iwasstillkindof___7___.RescueworkersgaveHughfirstaid,and,withinabout20minutes,hestartedtofeelbetter.“ItwasgoodIhadDrakewithme,”Hughsaid.Heknowsthathadhisgrandsonnotbeentherewithhim,thingscouldhavetakenanawful___8___.Drake’sparentssaidtheyweren’t___9___byhisquickthinking.“He’sauniquelittleperson,”hismothersaid.“IfIcould____10____any10-year-oldintheworldinthatexactsituation,itwouldbeDrake.Myownchildsavedmyownparent,”Jessicacontinued.“Itmademyheartswell.”1.A.immediately B.finally C.naturally D.suddenly2.A.missed B.forgot C.stopped D.meant3.A.permitted B.instructed C.invited D.warned4.A.position B.vision C.experience D.guidance5.A.takeover B.takeoff C.takeout D.takein6.A.scene B.hospital C.farm D.shelter7.A.satisfied B.shaky C.confused D.proud8.A.chance B.role C.view D.turn9.A.inspired B.surprised C.impressed D.delighted10.A.checkon B.focuson C.reflecton D.counton第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AndrewKonde,astudentatKenya’sStrathmoreUniversity,wasinspiredtostartlearningkungfuasachildafter___11___(watch)martialartsmovies.WhatbeganasahobbyforachildhassincebecomeawayoflifeforKonde,___12___isnowthechairmanoftheuniversity’sMartialArtsClub.Throughhardwork,he___13___(lead)histeamtovictoriesatnationalchampionshipsoverthepasttwoyears.B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Scientistshavemadeatinybatteryasthinasahumanhair.Becauseit’ssosmall,itcouldhelptinyrobotsenterthebody___14___(deliver)medicine.Previouslytheserobotsneededsunlighttowork,whichlimited___15___theycouldgo.Thisnewbatteryletsthemwork___16___needingexternalpower.Currently,thesebatteries___17___(attach)totherobotsbywires,butinthefuture,scientistshopetobuildthebatteriesintotherobots.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Self-checkoutmachinesaremeanttoprovidecustomerswithafasterand___18___(smooth)shoppingexperienceandeliminatelonglinesattheregister.Manypeopleprefertoscanandbagtheirown___19___(item)andzipthroughthetransactionwithgreatease.Atthesametime,however,manycustomerscomplainthatself-checkoutcausesmoreproblemsthanitsolves.Themachinescanfreezeuporscan___20___(correct)forexample.Thatslowsthingsdownanddefeatsthewholepurpose.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWearepleasedtoannouncethelaunchofthe“2025YouthPhotoChallengeforDisasterRiskReduction”.Youngandamateurphotographersareinvitedtoparticipatebysharingtheirbestphotos.Thetop10selectedphotoswillbeexhibitedandfeaturedinUNcommunicationmaterials,whichwillfosteragreaterunderstandingandappreciationofresilienceinthefaceofclimateemergency,andtoincreasethevoicesofyouthglobally.ThemeThethemecentersontheimpactofheatwaves,wildfires,andfloods.Inparticular,weencourageparticipantsto:Recordsolutions,preventionmeasures,andmechanismsadoptedbyindividuals,localcommunities,andnationalauthoritiestotackletheseclimatechallenges.Reflectinnovationandadaptationinthefaceofadversity.EvaluationcriteriaPhotoswillbeevaluatedbasedonfourcriteria:Relevancetotheme:Thiscriterionassesseshoweffectivelythephotographcapturestheimpactofheatwaves,wildfires,andfloods,aswellastheresponsemechanismsemployedtoaddressthesechallenges.Impactandstorytelling:Thiscriterionevaluatestheemotionalstrengthofthephotograph.Specialconsiderationwillbegiventophotosthatsuccessfullytellstoriesofresilienceandempowerment.Creativityandoriginality:Thiscriterionfocusesontheuniquenessoftheperspectiveandtheinnovativereflectionofthethemes.Technicalquality:Thiscriterionexaminesthetechnicalaspectsofthephotograph,includingcompositionandoverallvisualappeal.SubmissionguidelinesSubmissiondeadline:15September2025Announcementofselectedphotos:Thetop10photoswillbeannouncedon13October2025,theInternationalDayforDisasterRiskReduction.Entriesshouldbeemailedtoundrr-roeca@withthesubjectline“Summer2025PhotoChallengeSubmission”.Eachsubmissionmustinclude:thephotographer’sfullnameandage;locationofthephotoanddate;andbriefdescription(50-100words)explainingthephoto’scontextandrelevancetothetheme.Participantsmustconfirmtheoriginalityoftheirworkandensuretheyhaveobtainedallnecessarypermissionsforanyidentifiableindividualsinthephotos.21.WhatdoweknowaboutthePhotoChallenge?A.Itwilldisplaythebestphotographs. B.Itmainlyfocusesoncommunityefforts.C.Itisopentoprofessionalphotographers. D.Itaimstoworkoutsolutionstodisasters.22.Anentryislikelytobechosenifit___________.A.reflectsinternationalreliefefforts B.demonstratestheoptimismofyouthC.showstheappealofadvancedtechnology D.presentsoriginalviewpointsonclimatecrisis23.Whatisoneoftherequirementsforsubmission?A.Attachingabriefintroduction. B.Sendingtheentryby13October.C.Completinganapplicationform. D.Gettingpermissionfromthecommunity.BTwoyearsago,fueledbymyenvyforthosewithgardens,Isignedupforaplot,aplacewhereIcouldreadandwriteinthesun,safefromdistractions.Afewmonthsago,Iwaspresentedahalf-plotofavailableland.Theplot,whichwasbiggerthanIcoulddreamof,wasbeautifulbutovergrown—gettingitstartedwouldrequirehardwork.Iwasn’tsureIhaditinme.Fastforwardtonow.Afterseekingguidancefrommyfamilyandwatchingbeginners’gardeningvideos,Ispendhoursaweeksowing,weeding,wateringandharvesting.Mysummerattheplothassofarofferedcountlesslessons,butthemostimportantonehasbeenlearningmoreabouthowfoodactuallygrows.Takethehumblecauliflower—acommonsightinthesupermarket,yetitdemandspatienttendingforuptosixmonths,allforashortmomentontheplate.Seasonalityhasalsotakenonanewmeaning.Iknewthatallfreshfoodhasits“season”butitwasonlywhenIwasoverwhelmedbyanendlesssupplyofcourgettesthatIreallyunderstoodIcouldbeeatingthemformonths.Yetabundantharvestscomewithalessoninimpermanence.Freshproducegoesoffquicklyonceripenedandpicked.AndsoI’veturnedtotheoldcraftofpreservation—learningwhattoboilandfreeze,ormakeintojam—tomakethingslast.WhentheharvesthasbeenmorethanIcanmanage,I’vesharedtheabundancewithfriendsandfamily,spreadingthejoy.Whilegardeningisawelcomeescapefromthechaosofthemodernworld,youcan’tavoidtherealityoftheclimatecrisis.It’sonethingtoreadtheseinthenewsorseethemreflectedinprices,butit’squiteanotherwhenyouhavetobeintunewithweatherpatterns,prayingforprolongedsunshinewithouttheunbearableheat.AsIcontinuetotendmyplot,Idosowithasenseofhumility,wonderandexcitement.Whatstartedasadesireforasmallpatchofgreenhasgrownintosomethingmuchmoresignificant—aconnectiontomylocalenvironment,arespectforthefoodIeatandanawarenessofthefragilenaturalsystemsthatsustainus.Inthebeginning,IwasworriedIwouldfailtheplot;instead,I’mfindingmyselfgrowingalongsideit.24.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhengettingtheplot?A.Proudbutanxious. B.Gratefulbutpuzzled.C.Amazedbutworried. D.Movedbutdisappointed.25.Whileworkingontheplot,theauthorlearnedto__________.A.removechaosfromlife B.createseasonalrecipesC.identifycommonplants D.respectlawsofnature26.Whatdoestheauthor’sexperiencetellus?A.Laboristhemostreliablewealth. B.Everyseasonbringsitsownlessons.C.Thelandismadebetterandsoisthegardener. D.Oneshouldstayhungryforconstantprogress.CIn1993,ashipsailedintothePacificOceancarryingnearly1,000poundsofiron,thendumpeditallintothewaves.Thenextmorning,thewaterturnedalittlegreenishduetonewlyemergedphytoplankton(浮游生物).Themicroorganisms,whichneedirontogrow,drawCO₂outoftheair.Fertilizingtheoceanwithironisaformofgeoengineering,asetoftechnologiesfascinatingfortheirpotentialtomeaningfullyimpactEarth’ssystems,andcontroversialforthesamereason.Astheplanetheats,geoengineeringisemployedtomanipulate(控制)itinnovelways,whetherresearchersmisttheskieswithseasalttoincreasehowmuchsunlightcloudsreflectorinventmachinestosuckgreenhousegasesoutoftheatmosphere.Engineeringhome-grownplanktonsoundslikealessdramaticapproach.Butthefieldissonewthatscientistsdon’tyetknowwhethergeoengineeringwithmicroorganismswouldreallybeagentlerformofclimateintervention.Microbes,afterall,playenormouslyconsequentialrolesintheworldaroundusandwithinus.ForthebestchanceofkeepingEarthliveable,scientistsneedtounderstandexactlyhowthemicroscopiccreaturesmightbeuseful,andperhapsevenpreferabletothemoresci-fiapproachestocoolingofftheworld.Onefavoredapproachcentersonmethane,agreenhousegasaccountingfor30%oftheriseinglobaltemperature.MaryLidstrom,aprofessor,isworkingongeneticallymodifyingbacteriathatnaturallyconsumemethane,sothatthemicrobespullevenmoregasfromtheair.Thebacteriawouldliveinsidefacilitiesknownasbioreactors.Theycouldbepositionednearknownmethanesources—landfillsandwetlands—tominimizetheamountofmethanethatmakesitintotheair.Scalingupanykindofclimateengineeringistricky.Significantlyslowingwarmingcausedbymethanewouldrequireabout300,000bioreactorstobeactivefor20years.Andthedownstreameffectsaredifficulttopredict,letalonecontain.Forexample,theironputintothePacificOceancouldhaveconsequencesforotherregionsoftheworld’sseas.Also,there’snearlyasmuchuncertaintyaboutintendedeffects.Scientistsdon’tknowforsurehoweffectivetheseconceptswillprovetobe.The1993shipexpeditions,forexample,didn’tstickaroundverylong;thejourneyswereexpensive,andscientistscouldn’tremainatseatodeterminewhatexactlywashappeninginthedepths.CarbonstolenoutoftheatmosphereshouldremainburiedforatleastacenturyformaximumimpactYetit’sentirelypossiblethatifthephytoplanktondoesn’tsinktodeepenoughwaters,itjustgetseatenbytheorganismsinthesurfaceocean,andthatCO₂justreturnstotheatmosphere.Thehottertheplanetgets,themoreattractivegeoengineeringwilllikelyseem.Shortoflarge-scalebehavioralchangesglobally,wedoseemtobecommittingourselvestoanengineeredsolutiononourcurrentroutes.Wemighthavetodecide,soonerthanwethink,whichleversweneedtopull,largeorsmall.27.Whatcanwelearnaboutgeoengineering?A.Oceaniron-fertilizationisonthehorizon. B.Sunlight-reflectionmethodiscost-effective.C.Methane-eatingbacteriaarebeingimproved. D.Gas-suckingmachineisatheoreticalconcept.28.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4aboutthegeoengineeringapproaches?A.Theirimpactontheecosystemisoverlooked. B.Theirimplicationsarehardtoanticipate.C.Theycallfordecadesofpreparation. D.Theyaremonitoredcontinuously.29.Theiron-fertilizationexperimentmayachieveitsintendedeffectsif__________.A.thetargetmicrobessurvive B.carbonisstoredseparatelyC.thephytoplanktongrowsfaster D.moredeep-seaorganismsaretested30.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowWillGeoengineeringBetterEarth’sSystems?B.HowtoCooltheWorldWithoutBlockingtheSun?C.HowtoStealCarbonwithSci-fiApproaches?D.HowCantheEngineeredSolutionDeliver?DTheageofartificialintelligencehasbegun,anditbringsplentyofanxieties.AlmostalloftheconversationsaboutriskhavetodowiththepotentialconsequencesofAIsystemspursuinggoalsthatdepartfromwhattheywereprogrammedtodoandthatarenotintheinterestsofhumans.Butthisisonlyonesideofthedanger.ImaginewhatcouldunfoldifAIdoesdowhathumanswant.“Whathumanswant,”ofcourse,isn’tamonolith.Differentpeoplehavecountlessideasofwhatconstitutes“thegreatergood.”Evenifwecouldgeteveryonetofocusonthewell-beingoftheentirehumanspecies,it’sunlikelywe’dbeabletoagreeonwhatthatmightlooklike.ThatseemstobethereasonthatDeepMindrecentlyfoundedaninternalorganizationfocusedonAIsafetyandpreventingitsmanipulationbybadactors.Butit’snotidealthatwhat’s“bad”isgoingtobedeterminedbyahandfulofindividualsatthisoneparticularcorporation—completewiththeirblindspotsandpersonalandculturalbiases(偏见).Thepotentialproblemgoesbeyondhumansharmingotherhumans.What’s“good”forhumanityhas,manytimesthroughouthistory,comeattheexpenseofothersentient(有知觉力的)beings.Suchisthesituationtoday.IntheUSalone,wehavebillionsofanimalskeptinconfinement,subjectedtocrueltreatment,anddenialoftheirbasicpsychologicalandphysiologicalneedsatanygiventime.Entirespeciesaredominatedandsystemicallybutcheredsothatwecanhaveomelets,burgersandshoes.IfAIdoesexactlywhat“we”wantitto,thatwouldlikelymeanenactingthismasscrueltymoreefficiently,atanevengreaterscaleandwithmoreautomationandfeweropportunitiesforsympathetichumanstostepinandflaganythingparticularlyhorrifying.AbettergoalthanaligningAIwithhumanity’simmediateinterestswouldbewhatIwouldcall“sentientalignment”—AIactinginaccordancewiththeinterestsofallsentientbeings,includinghumans,allotheranimalsand,shoulditexist,sentientAI.Thiswillstrikesomeasaggressive,becausewhat’sgoodforallsentientlifemightnotalwaysagreewithwhat’sgoodforhumankind.Itmightsometimes,evenoften,beinoppositiontowhathumanswantorwhatwouldbebestforthegreatestnumberofus.PeterSinger,aphilosopher,arguedthatanAIsystem’sultimategoalsandprioritiesaremoreimportantthanitbeingalignedwithhumans.“ThequestionisreallywhetherthissuperintelligentAIisgoingtobebenevolentandwanttoproduceabetterworld,”Singersaid,“andevenifwedon’tcontrolit,itstillwillproduceabetterworldinwhichourinterestswillgettakenintoaccount.”I’mwithSingeronthis.Decenteringhumankindtoanyextent,andespeciallytothisextreme,isanideathatwillchallengepeople.Butthat’snecessaryifwe’retopreventourcurrentbelieffromspreadinginnewandawfulways.31.TheauthormentionstheorganizationfoundedbyDeepMindto__________.A.questionasolution B.clarifyabeliefC.illustrateanexample D.explainapractice32.Whichofthefollowingcanbestpresenttheideaof“sentientalignment”?A.AIextendsthesamerightstolivingbeings. B.AIpromotestheinteractionamongspecies.C.AIbenefitsfromthedevelopmentofhumans. D.AImeetsthedemandsofperceptivecreatures.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“benevolent”inParagraph7probablymean?A.Ambitious. B.Generous. C.Resourceful. D.Competitive.34.Theauthor’smajorconcernindevelopingAIisthat__________.A.AIposesathreattotheworld B.society’smoralsareindeclineC.humansprioritizetheirownneeds D.sentientbeingsdeepenculturalbiases第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whilecompliments(赞扬)mayseemsimple,theycanhavealargeimpactonyouandthepeoplearoundyou,creatingarippleofpositivity.However,givingcomplimentsrequiresskillsandknowledge.Mostcomplimentsinourculturefollowaverypredictablepattern.___35___Abouttwo-thirdsofcomplimentsintheUSaremadeusingjustfiveadjectives:nice,good,beautiful,pretty,andgreat.Inaddition,about80%ofcomplimentsfollowthreeformats.SoifIlikedabookyouwroteandwantedtosaysomethingpositiveaboutit,mycomplimentwouldprobablyfollowoneofthesebasicpatterns:“Yourbookisgreat,”“Iloveyourbook,”or“Thatisaterrificbook.”___36___.Forexample,in2011ascholarshowedthatwomeninunstructuredsettingsbothgiveandreceivefarmorecomplimentsthanmen.Aboutthree-quartersofwomen’scomplimentstootherwomeninanunstructured,informalsettinginvolveappearance.Inagoal-oriented,formalsetting,68%ofpraisestatementsareaboutperformance.___37___Whetherthecomplimentiseffectivedependsonwhetheritisbelievable,appropriate,andunqualified.___38___Ifyoutellmemyhairlooksgood,Iwilldismissitandsuspectyourmotives,becauseIhavelittlehair.Moregenerally,peoplewithlowself-esteemdon’tusuallyreceivecomplimentswell.Asresearchershaveshown,inpeoplewithhighself-esteem,acomplimentstimulatespartsofthebrainresponsibleforself-referentialthinking.Thisoccurssignificantlylessforpeoplewhohavelowself-esteem.Evenifacomplimentagreeswithone’sself-conception,scholarsconcluded,itmustmeetthreecriteriatobeacceptedbyitsobject.___39___Itmustbesincere.Anditmustoccurintheappropriatecontext.A.Itmustfollowthebasicpatterns.B.Thepraisemustcomefromapersonwithcredibilitytogiveit.C.Whatwechoosetocomplimentdependsongenderdifferences.D.Agoodcomplimentmustnotconflictwithitsrecipient’sself-conception.E.Ifpeoplehavenegativeviewofaperson,theywouldresisthiscompliments.F.Incontrast,menaremorelikelytocomplimentoneanotheronperformanceinallsettings.G.Theyaregenerallydirectedtowardanotherperson’sappearance,performance,orpossessions.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Mygrandfatherwasaneurosurgeonandsculptor.WhenIwasyoung,Irememberhimtryingtoteachmetoshapetheunwieldyclayheusedinhiswork.ButIdidn’thavethepatienceforthefirmclayandquicklygaveup.Now,asaclinicalpsychologist,Iseesomanypeoplewhodon’thavetheabilitytowait,anditisnowonder.Inaworldwhereitispossibletogettheanswertoanyquestioninstantly,whyshouldanyofushavetodealwithdelaysandunknowns?However,learninghowtowaitisgoodforus.Sincemissingmypricelessopportunitytolearn’tosculpt,I’vecometoappreciatethatpsychologicalflexibility—beingopentoandabletotoleratetheuncomfortablethoughtsandfeelingsthatoftenarisewhenwefacedelaysandsetbacks—isanessentialqualitywhenitcomestomentalhealth.Formanyofus,thechallengeisthatbeingpatientnowfeelsharderthaneverbefore.“We’renotgettingthesameopportunitiestopracticewaitingasweusedto,”saysMichelDugas,aprofessor.Waitingpatientlyissodifficultthatweoftenreactbydoingthingsthatactuallymakeusmoreimpatient,likeconstantlycheckingourphonesforupdatesorseekingreassurancefromeveryoneweknow..“Technologycreatesthefalsebeliefthatcertaintyispossible,whichleadstotryingtoattaincertaintyinallsituations,contributingtoworryandanxiety,”saysDugas.Butitispossibletodeveloppatience—theabilitytoregulateyouremotionsinthefaceofdelays,frustration,adversityandsuffering.Inmyownexperience,I’vefoundthatslowingmybreathing,looseningmygripandrelaxingmyfacecanhelpcounterimpatience—forinstance,whenI’msittingintraffic.Whenitcomestomoresignificantsetbacks,IremindmyselfofSalzberg,awriter.“TherearesomanytimesinmylifewhereIthinknothing’shappeningforme,”saysSalzberg.“ThenIlookbackandsay,’Ohhowaboutthat,IwasactuallyplantingaseedthatIcouldn’thaveguessed.’SosometimesIjustremindmyselfthatevenifIdon’tknowwhatitisrightnow,thereisabiggerpicture.”40.Whydoestheauthorthinkpeopledon’thavetheabilitytowait?_____________________________________________________________41.Whathastheauthorcometorealizesincemissinghischancetolearntosculpt?_____________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Technologymakespeoplemoreimpatientbecauseitenablesthemtoattaincertaintyinallsituations._____________________________________________________________43.Howdoyouovercomeimpatienceinlife?(Inabout40words)_____________________________________________________________第二节(20分)44.假设你是红星中学学生李华。你所在的“科学社”近期要开展一次跨学科综合实践活动。请你用英语给在你校国际部学习的好友Jim写一封邮件，内容包括：1.活动内容；2.发出邀请。提示词：跨学科综合实践活动interdisciplinarylearningactivity注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua

参考答案第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)【答案】1.D2.C3.B4.C5.A6.A7.B8.D9.B10.D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了10岁的小男孩Drake在爷爷开车时突发急病的情况下，沉着冷静地将车安全停靠在路边并及时拨打911报警，最终使爷爷转危为安的故事。【1题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当祖父Hugh突然看起来不太对劲时，他正在与一个同事通话。A.immediately立即；B.finally最后；C.naturally自然地；D.suddenly突然地；根据下文“somethingwasverywrong”可知下文说的是不太对劲的事，可以推断出他是突然出现了问题，故选D项。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Hugh停止了说话，看起来不太对劲。A.missed错过；B.forgot忘记；C.stopped停止；D.meant意味着；根据下文“Drakecalledoutandaskedwhetherhewasallright,butHughwasnolongerconscious”可知德雷克大喊问他是否还好，但休已经没有意识了，可以推断出祖父是停止了说话，故选C项。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jessica指示她的儿子爬到祖父的膝盖上，抓住方向盘，把车开到高速公路的紧急停车道上。A.permitted允许；B.instructed指示；C.invited邀请；D.warned警告；根据下文“climbontohisgrandfather’slap,takeholdofthewheelandpullovertotheshoulderofthehighway”可知下文说的是爬到祖父的膝盖上，抓住方向盘，把车开到高速公路的紧急停车道上，可以推断出Jessica是在指示Drake，故选B项。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：坐在方向盘后面的经验给了他信心去接管他祖父的车辆。A.position位置；B.vision视野；C.experience经验；D.guidance指导；根据上文“Drakelivesonafarmandhasdrivengolfcarts”可知上文提到Drake曾经驾驶过高尔夫球车，可以推断出是他的经验给了他信心，故选C项。【5题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A.takeover接管；B.takeoff起飞；C.takeout取出；D.takein吸收；根据下文“Hepulledoff,called911andtoldtheoperatorwhathadhappenedandwherehewaslocated”可知下文说的是他靠边停车，拨打了911，并告诉操作员发生了什么事以及他的位置，可以推断出他是接管了车辆，故选A项。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：警察和救护车迅速到达了现场。A.scene现场；B.hospital医院；C.farm农场；D.shelter避难所；根据下文“Drakewasrelievedthathelphadarrived”可知下文说的是Drake松了一口气，救援人员已经到达，可以推断出救援人员到达的是事故现场，故选A项。【7题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管Drake松了一口气，知道救援人员已经到达，但他还是有点动摇。A.satisfied满意的；B.shaky颤抖的；C.confused困惑的；D.proud骄傲的；根据上文“Idon’twanthimtodie”可知上文说的是Drake不希望爷爷去世，可以推断出虽然救援力量到达，但是他此时依然感到颤抖，故选B项。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果他的孙子没有和他在一起，事情可能会有一个糟糕的转变。A.chance机会；B.role角色；C.view观点；D.turn转变；根据上文“Heknowsthathadhisgrandsonnotbeentherewithhim”可知上文说的是他知道如果他的孙子没有和他在一起的话，可以推断出如果没有Drake，情况可能会有一个糟糕的转变，“takeanawfulturn”是固定短语，意为“变得很糟糕”，此处指事情朝着不好的方向变化，符合语境，表达如果没有孙子在，情况可能就变得糟糕了，故选D项。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Drake的父母说他们对他迅速的思考并不感到惊讶。A.inspired启发；B.surprised惊讶；C.impressed印象；D.delighted高兴；根据下文“He’sauniquelittleperson”可知下文说的是他真是个小天才，可以推断出父母对Drake的行为并不感到惊讶，故选B项。【10题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：如果我能在这个确切的情况下依赖世界上任何一位10岁的孩子，那将是他。A.checkon检查；B.focuson集中；C.reflecton反思；D.counton指望；根据下文“any10-year-oldintheworldinthatexactsituation”可知下文说的是在那种情况下……任何一位10岁的孩子，可以推断出此处说的是妈妈认为如果能在这个确切的情况下依赖世界上任何一位10岁的孩子，那将是他的儿子，也就是说她是指望Drake在危急时刻救她，故选D项。第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)【答案】11.watching12.who13.hasled【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了肯尼亚斯特拉斯莫尔大学的学生AndrewKonde受武术电影启发，从小开始学习功夫，后来成为大学武术俱乐部主席，并在过去两年里带领团队在全国锦标赛中取得胜利的故事。【11题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：肯尼亚斯特拉斯莫尔大学的学生AndrewKonde，小时候看了武术电影后，受到启发开始学习功夫。after为介词，后接动名词作宾语。故填watching。【12题详解】考查定语从句。句意：对Konde来说，最初只是孩子的爱好，现在已经成为了他的一种生活方式，他现在是大学武术俱乐部的主席。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Konde，指人，且从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。【13题详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：通过努力，他在过去两年里带领他的团队在全国锦标赛中取得了胜利。lead(带领)是谓语动词，与主语he之间是主动关系，结合时间状语“overthepasttwoyears”可知，描述从过去持续到现在的情况，用现在完成时态，主语he是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填hasled。【答案】14.todeliver15.where16.without17.areattached【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们发明了一种像头发一样细的微型电池，它可以帮助微型机器人进入人体输送药物，且不需要外部力量就能工作。【14题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因为它很小，所以可以帮助微型机器人进入人体输送药物。空格处表示目的，用不定式形式作目的状语。故填todeliver。【15题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：以前这些机器人需要阳光才能工作，这限制了它们能去那里。“theycouldgo”是宾语从句，结合句意，表示“去那里”，用连接副词where引导从句，并在从句中作地点状语。故填where。【16题详解】考查介词。句意：这种新电池使它们不需要外部电源就能工作。根据句意，表示“不需要”外部电源，用介词without构成否定，其意为“不使用，不借助”。故填without。【17题详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：目前，这些电池通过电线连接到机器人上，但未来，科学家们希望将电池内置到机器人中。attach(连接)是谓语动词，与主语thesebatteries之间构成被动关系，描述客观事实用一般现在时的被动语态，主语batteries是复数名词，谓语用复数。故填areattached。【答案】18.smoother19.items20.incorrectly【导语】本文的体裁是说明文，主要讨论了自助结账机的优点和缺点。【18题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：自助结账机旨在为顾客提供更快和更流畅的购物体验，并消除收银台前的长队。“faster”为形容词比较级，and连接并列成分，所以此处要用smooth的比较级smoother来修饰“shoppingexperience”，表示自助结账机旨在提供比传统方式更快速、更顺畅的购物体验，符合语境要求，故填smoother。【19题详解】考查名词复数。句意：许多人喜欢自己扫描和打包他们的商品，并快速完成交易。“their”表示复数概念，指代人们的，item是可数名词，所以要用复数形式items，意味着人们可以扫描并打包自己的多件物品，故填items。【20题详解】考查副词。句意：例如，机器可能会冻结或扫描不正确。此处修饰动词scan，需用副词形式。根据上文“manycustomerscomplainthatself-checkoutcausesmoreproblemsthanitsolves(许多顾客抱怨自助结账带来的问题比它解决的