产后日常照护指导Postpartumdailycareguidance产后恢复培训章Postpar

产后日常照护指导Postpartumdailycareguidance产后恢复培训课程-章PostpartumRecoveryTrainingCourse产褥期的临床表现及照护ClinicalManifestationsandCareofthePuerperium剖宫产产后照护Postpartumcareaftercesareansection目录（Content）3.顺产产后照护Postpartumcareaftervaginaldelivery4.产后恢复的最佳时间Thebesttimeforpostpartumrecovery

产褥期是指从胎盘娩出至产妇全身各器官除乳腺外恢复或接近正常未孕状态所需的一段时期。一、产褥期的临床表现（Clinicalmanifestationsofthepuerperium）产褥期的定义(Definitionofpuerperium)：(Puerperiumreferstotheperiodfromplacentadeliverytotherecoveryorclosetothenormalstateofnon-pregnancyofallorgansofthepuerperaexceptmammaryglands.)一般规定为6周。(Generallyfor6weeks.)生命体征(Vitalsigns):

01体温：多数在正常范围内。可在产后24小时内略升高，如果会阴侧切或剖宫产，术后1-3天可以有体温升高，但是一般不超过380C,为吸收热，无须治疗。(

Bodytemperature:Mostlywithinthenormalrange.Thebodytemperaturecanbeslightlyincreasedwithin24hoursafterdelivery.Ifthereislateralepisiotomyorcesareansection,thebodytemperaturecanrise1~3daysaftertheoperation,butgenerallydoesnotexceed38C,whichisabsorptionfeverandnotreatmentisneeded.)脉搏：在正常范围内，一般略慢，为每分钟60-70次。(

Pulse:withinthenormalrange,generallyslightlyslower,60~70beatsperminute.)02（Clinicalmanifestationsofthepuerperium）一、产褥期的临床表现生命体征(Vitalsigns):

03呼吸：产后呼吸深慢，一般每分钟14-16次，是由于产后腹压降低，膈肌下降，由妊娠期的胸式呼吸变为胸腹式呼吸所致。

(

Respiration:deepandslowafterdelivery,generally14~16respirationperminute,whichisduetothedecreaseofabdominalpressureafterdelivery,thediaphragmdescends,andthethoracicrespirationduringpregnancychangestothoracoabdominalrespiration.)血压：维持在正常范围。(

Bloodpressure:remainsinthenormalrange.)02（Clinicalmanifestationsofthepuerperium）一、产褥期的临床表现

胎盘娩出后，子宫圆而硬，宫底在脐下一指。产后第1天略上升至脐平，以后每日下降1-2厘米，至产后10天子宫降入骨盆腔内。剖宫产产妇子宫复旧所需时间略长。子宫复旧(Uterineinvolutation:):一、产褥期的临床表现（Clinicalmanifestationsofthepuerperium）(afterdeliveryofplacenta,theuterusisroundandhard,andthefundusisonefingerbelowtheumbilicus.Onthefirstdayafterdelivery,theuterusrisesslightlytotheleveloftheumbilicus,andthendrops1-2cmeverydayuntil10daysafterdeliverytheuterusdescendsintothepelviccavity.Puerperaewithcesareansectionneedsslightlylongertimeforuterineinvolution.)一、产褥期的临床表现产后宫缩痛(Postpartumuterinecontractionpain):于产后1-2天出现，持续2-3天自然消失，多见于经产妇。

(Itappears1-2daysafterdeliveryanddisappearsnaturallyfor2-3days,morecommoninmultigravida.）在产褥早期因子宫收缩引起下腹部阵发性剧烈疼痛，称为产后宫缩痛。Paroxysmalseverepaininthelowerabdomencausedbyuterinecontractionintheearlypuerperiumiscalledpostpartumcontractionpain.（Clinicalmanifestationsofthepuerperium）一、产褥期的临床表现（Clinicalmanifestationsofthepuerperium）恶露

(Lochia):恶露有血腥味，但无臭味，持续4-6周，总量250-500ml。(Ithasabloodysmellbutnoodorandlastsfor4-6weekswithatotalvolumeof250-500ml.)产后随子宫蜕膜脱落，含有血液、坏死蜕膜等组织经阴道排出，称为恶露。(Afterdelivery,withthesheddingoftheuterinedecidua,thetissuecontainingbloodandnecroticdeciduaisdischargedthroughthevagina,whichiscalledlochia.)一、产褥期的临床表现（Clinicalmanifestationsofthepuerperium）应注意勤换内衣，谨防受凉、感冒，并及时补充身体所需的水分。(Puerperashouldchangeunderwearfrequently,bewareofcatchingcold,cold,andtimelyreplenishwaterneededbythebody.)产后1周内皮肤排泄功能旺盛，排出大量汗液，属于生理状态，不需治疗。

(Theskinexcretionfunctionisvigorouswithin1weekafterdelivery,andalotofsweatisexcreted,whichisaphysiologicalstateanddoesnotneedtreatment.)褥汗(Sweating):一、产褥期的临床表现（Clinicalmanifestationsofthepuerperium）乳汁分泌(Lactation):胎盘娩出后，产妇激素水平急剧下降，在催乳素作用下，乳汁开始分泌。(Afterdeliveryoftheplacenta,maternalhormonelevelsdeclinesharply,andmilksecretionbeginsundertheactionofprolactin.)产后乳房的主要变化是泌乳。(Themainchangeofbreastafterdeliveryislactation.)妊娠期雌激素、孕激素、胎盘生乳素升高，促进乳腺发育及初乳生成。(Duringpregnancy,estrogen,progesteroneandplacentallactogenareelevated,whichpromotemammaryglanddevelopmentandcolostrumproduction.)二、产褥期妇女的照护(Careofwomenduringpuerperium)环境(Livingenvironment）产妇的居室环境应舒适安静、通风良好、空气清新。(Thelivingenvironmentofpuerperashouldbecomfortableandquiet,wellventilatedwithfreshair.）生命体征(Vitalsigns）产妇住院期间，每日测体温、脉搏、呼吸及血压，若体温超过38C，应加强观察，查找原因，并向医生汇报。(Duringhospitalization,takepuerpera’stemperature,pulse,respirationandbloodpressuredaily.Ifthetemperatureexceeds38C,increaseobservationfrequency,findoutthecauseandreporttothedoctor.）二、产褥期妇女的照护饮食(Diet）不同的分娩方式，饮食指导也不同。(dietaryguidanceisdifferentaccordingtotypesofdelivery.)若哺乳，应多进食蛋白质、热量较高的食物，并适当补充维生素和铁剂，推荐补充铁剂3个月。(Ifpuerperaisbreastfeeding,sheshouldeatmoreproteinandcalorie-richfoods,andtakeappropriatevitaminandironsupplements,whicharerecommendedfor3months.)(Careofwomenduringpuerperium)二、产褥期妇女的照护(Careofwomenduringpuerperium)产后容易发生便秘，应鼓励产妇多吃蔬菜及早日下床活动，预防便秘。(Postpartumconstipationcaneasilyoccur.Puerperaeshouldbeencouragedtoeatmorevegetablesandgetoutofbedassoonaspossibletopreventconstipation.)排尿与排便

(Urinationanddefecation）产后4小时内应让产妇排尿。若排尿困难，应解除怕引起疼痛的顾虑，用温开水冲洗尿道外口周围诱导排尿，或是热敷下腹部，按摩膀胱。(Thepuerperashouldurinatewithin4hoursafterdelivery.Ifurinationisdifficult,inadditiontoencouragingthepuerperatositupandurinate,relievethefearofpaincausedbyurination,warmwatercanbeusedtoflusharoundtheexternalurethratoinduceurination,orapplyhotcompressestothelowerabdomenandmassagethebladder.）二、产褥期妇女的照护(Careofwomenduringpuerperium)观察子宫复旧及恶露：

每日应于同一时间测宫底高度，以了解子宫复旧及恶露情况。(Observeuterineinvolutionandlochia)

（heheightoftheuterinefundusshouldbemeasureddailyatthesametimeinordertounderstandthestatusofuterineinvolutionandlochia.））二、产褥期妇女的照护(Careofwomenduringpuerperium)会阴部护理(Perinealcare)

：应尽量保持会阴部清洁及干燥。用温开水擦洗会阴部，每日2-3次。

（Trytokeeptheperineumcleananddry.Cleantheperineum

withwarmwater2-3timesaday.）擦洗的原则为由上到下，从内到外，会阴切口单独擦洗，擦过肛门的棉球应弃之。

（Theprincipleofcleaningisfromtoptobottom,frominsidetooutside,perinealincisionshouldbecleanedseparately,andthecottonballsthathavebeenwipedthroughtheanus

shouldbediscarded.）二、产褥期妇女的照护(Careofwomenduringpuerperium)观察情绪变化(Observeforemotionalchanges)：产妇经历妊娠及分娩后，尤其在产后3-10日，均可造成情绪不稳定，可表现为轻度抑郁。(Afterexperiencingpregnancyanddelivery,emotionalinstabilitycanhappen,especiallyinthe3-10daysafterdelivery,whichcanbemanifestedasmilddepression.）应帮助产妇减轻身体不适，并给予精神关怀、鼓励、安慰，使其恢复自信。抑郁严重者，需转心理医生治疗。(Weshouldhelppuerperatoalleviatephysicaldiscomfort,andofferspiritualcare,encouragement,comforttorestoreherself-confidence.Thosewithseveredepressionneedtobereferredtopsychiatristfortreatment.）二、产褥期妇女的照护(Careofwomenduringpuerperium)乳房护理(Breastcare)：推荐母乳喂养，按需哺乳

（Breastfeedingondemandisrecommended）母婴同室，做到早接触、早吸吮

（Motherandbabyrooming-intoachieveearlycontactandearlysucking）指导正确的哺乳姿势与方法

（Instructionofcorrectbreastfeedingpostureandmethodshouldbegiven）一、剖宫产的定义(Definitionofcesareansection)由于该手术伤口大，创面广，很容易产生术后并发症，所以，做好

剖宫产产后照护是产妇顺利康复的关键。(Becausethewoundislargeandextensive,postoperativecomplicationscaneasilyarise.Therefore,properpostpartumcareaftercesareansectionisthekeytosuccessfulrecovery.)剖宫产是在分娩过程中，由于产妇或胎儿的原因无法使胎儿自然娩出，而由医生采取的一种经腹切开子宫取出胎儿及其附属物的过程。(Cesareansectionisaproceduretakenbythedoctortoremovethefetusanditsappendagesthroughatransabdominalincisionoftheuteruswhenthefetuscannotbedeliverednaturallyduringlaborduetomaternalorfetalreasons.）二、剖宫产产妇术后第一天的照护(Careforthefirstdayaftercaesareansection)卧位(Supineposition)01手术后去枕平卧6小时，头偏向一侧，6小时后采取平卧或半卧位。(Aftertheoperation,thepuerperashouldlieflatwithoutpillowundertheheadfor6hoursandheadturntooneside,thenadoptaflatorFowler’spositionafter6hours.)02生命体征监测(monitoringthevitalsigns)产妇术后回到病房，护士会每半小时测量一次生命体征，直至生命体征平稳。(Whenthepuerperareturnstothewardaftersurgery,thenursewillmeasurevitalsignseveryhalfhouruntiltheyarestable.)要妥善处置固定各种导管(输液导管、镇痛泵管、心电监护管、吸氧管、留置导尿管)。(Allkindsofcatheters(infusioncatheter,analgesicpumpcatheter,ECGmonitoringtube,oxygentube,indwellingcatheter)shouldbeproperlymaintainedandfixed.)03管道

(Catheters)04切口

(Incision)密切观察腹部伤口敷料有无渗血，在医生指导下使用沙袋压迫腹部伤口6-8小时。(Closelyobservetheabdominalwounddressingforbloodleakageandusesandbagtocompresstheabdominalwoundfor6-8hoursunderthedoctor'sguidance.)母婴照护者既要观察各种导管是否通畅、还要及时倒掉储尿袋内的尿液并记录，液体输完与监护仪报警都要及时通知护士。(Thecaregiverformotherandinfantshouldnotonlyobserveallkindsofcathetersforpatency,butalsodumptheurineinthecatheterbagandrecordintime,notifythenursewhenIVinfusionisfinishedormonitoralarmkeepsbeeping.)二、剖宫产产妇术后第一天的照护(Careforthefirstdayaftercaesareansection)二、剖宫产产妇术后第一天的照护(Careforthefirstdayaftercaesareansection)05观察宫缩(Observeforcontractions)每小时按摩子宫，了解子宫收缩情况及观察阴道流血量，

如果阴道出血较多，需及时向医生汇报。(Massagetheuteruseveryhourtounderstandthecontractionsandobservetheamountofvaginalbleeding.Ifthereisalotvaginalbleeding,reporttothedoctorintime.)二、剖宫产产妇术后第一天的照护(Careforthefirstdayaftercaesareansection)06预防下肢血栓

(Preventlowerextremitythrombosis)术后下肢无知觉时，母婴照护者给产妇行双下肢按摩；局部有知觉后协助产妇做踝泵运动，预防下肢静脉血栓。(Caregivershouldmassagebothlowerextremitiesofthepuerperaifshecan’tfeelherlegsaftersurgery;assistthepuerperatodoanklepumpexerciseafterlocalperceptiontopreventvenousthrombosisoflowerextremity.）二、剖宫产产妇术后第一天的照护(Careforthefirstdayaftercaesareansection)07防肠粘连

(Preventintestinaladhesion)术后6小时后，协助并鼓励产妇翻身活动，促进早排气，预防压疮，尽早进食以补充手术造成的体能损失。(6hoursaftertheoperation,assistandencouragepuerperatoturnover,passgas,preventpressureulcers,eatassoonaspossibletoboostenergylosscausedbythesurgery.）每天擦洗外阴2次，及时更换会阴垫，保持外阴清洁。(Cleanthevulvatwiceadayandchangetheperinealpadsintimetokeepthevulvaclean）08外阴清洁

(Vulvarcleaning)二、剖宫产产妇术后第一天的照护(Careforthefirstdayaftercaesareansection)09休息及饮食

(Restanddiet)手术后6小时内禁食、水，6小时后进来汤、陈皮水等流食。除要喂奶外，其他时间尽量闭目休息，以尽快恢复体力(Trytorestwitheyesclosedtorecoverphysicalstrengthexceptwhenthereisneedtobreastfeed)(fastingfromfoodandwaterfor6hoursaftersurgery,andliquidfoodsuchassoupandtangerinepeelwatercanbetakenafter6hours.)二、剖宫产产妇术后第一天的照护(Careforthefirstdayaftercaesareansection)10早吸吮

(Earlysucking)每1-2小时给新生儿喂奶一次，无须添加奶粉。产妇回病房后，选取舒适的卧位尽早让新生儿吸吮，多接触以促进子宫收缩。(Afterthepuerperareturnedtotheward,chooseacomfortablesupinepositiontoletthenewbornsuckassoonaspossibleandmorecontacttopromoteuterinecontraction.)

(Feedthenewbornevery1-2hours,asthesizeofthenewborn'sstomachmatchesthemother'sbreastmilksupply,thereisnoneedtoaddformula.）三、剖宫产产妇术后第二天的照护(Carefortheseconddayaftercaesareansection)01

排尿

(Urination)产后第2天拔除导尿管后，鼓励多饮水，尽早自行排尿，预防出现感染(

Aftercatheterremovalontheseconddayafterdelivery,encouragepuerperatodrinkmorewaterandurinateontheirownassoonaspossibletopreventinfection;)

热敷下腹部，按摩膀胱，刺激膀胱肌收缩。

用热水熏洗外阴，用温开水冲洗尿道口周围诱导排尿三、剖宫产产妇术后第二天的照护(Carefortheseconddayaftercaesareansection)(Getoutofbedandmovearoundassoonaspossibleaftercatheterremoval.Beforegettingoutofbed,puerperacansitupatthebedsidefirst,andslowlygetoutofbedwiththehelpofthecaregiverifthereisnodiscomfort,walkaroundthebedsidetopreventintestinaladhesionanddeepvenousthrombosisofthelowerlimbs,andpromotedigestion.)拔除导尿管后尽早下床活动，下床前可以在床边先坐起，无不适后，在照护者的帮扶下慢慢下床，在床边走动，

预防出现肠粘连及下肢深部静脉血栓，促进消化。02活动

(Mobilization）三、剖宫产产妇术后第二天的照护(Carefortheseconddayaftercaesareansection)产后有较多的产褥汗，这是孕期体内储存的水分在产后以排汗的方式排出体外，不是体质虚弱所致。每天擦浴，及时更换衣服，以保持身体清洁、舒适。(Afterdelivery,therewillbealotofsweats,whichisthewaterstoredinthebodyduringpregnancyisexcretedinthewayofperspiration,notcausedbyphysicalweakness.Takeabatheverydayandchangeclothesintimetokeepthebodycleanandcomfortable.）移除镇痛泵后，伤口会疼痛，婴儿吮吸乳房时会有子宫收缩疼痛，如果疼痛难忍，向医生汇报，给予处理。(Afterremovingtheanalgesicpump,thewoundwillbepainfulandtherewillbepainfuluterinecontractionswhenthebabysucksonthebreast.ifthepainisunbearable,reporttothedoctorandgettreatment.)03疼痛(Pain）04褥汗

(Sweating）三、剖宫产产妇术后第二天的照护(Carefortheseconddayaftercaesareansection)05观察恶露

(Observeforlochia）观察颜色及量，如量较多，徒手查看宫底的高度并螺旋式按摩子官，每天擦洗外阴2次，保持外阴清洁，及时更换会阴垫。(Observeforlochia.Observethecolorandamountoflochia,iftheamountislarge,checktheheightofthefunduswithbarehandsandspiralmassagetheuterus,cleanthevulva2timesaday,keepthevulvaclean,andchangeperineumpadsintime.）三、剖宫产产妇术后第二天的照护(Carefortheseconddayaftercaesareansection)06体息及饮食

(Restanddiet）产妇排气后，当天可以进半流质饮食。(Afterpassinggas,puerperacaneatsemi-liquidfood）

如：稀饭、软面条等(suchasporridge,softnoodles,etc）注意休息，促进乳计分泌，尽量做到与新生儿同步休息。(payattentiontorest,promotebreastmilkproduction,andtrytosynchronizerestwiththenewborn.）四、剖宫产产妇术后第三天的照护(Careforthethirddayaftercaesareansection)01观察伤口

(Observethewound）观察切口敷料有无渗血、渗液，如有异常及时向医生汇报。(Observetheincisiondressingforbloodandooze,andreporttothedoctorintimeifthereisanyabnormality.)

02乳房护理

(Observethewound）一般产后48-72小时开始出现生理性涨奶(Generally48-72hoursafterdelivery,physiologicalbreastengorgementstartstoappear)协助新生儿多吸吮，促使乳计顺利排出，减轻乳房胀痛。

(Assistthenewborntosuckmoretopromotesmoothdischargeofthemilkandreducebreastdistensionandpain.)选择纯棉材料的合适胸罩(Chooseasuitablebramadeofpurecotton)保证胸罩洁净卫生(ensurethatthebraiscleanandhygienic)洗后要把内面暴露在阳光下晒干(Drythebrawithinnersurfaceexposedtosunafterwashing)四、剖宫产产妇术后第三天的照护(Careforthethirddayaftercaesareansection)02乳房护理

(Observethewound）四、剖宫产产妇术后第三天的照护(Careforthethirddayaftercaesareansection)03清洁卫生

(Hygiene）刷牙、洗脸、洗手、洗脚、更换柔软清洁的衣服(brushteeth,washface,hands,feet,andchangesoftandcleanclothesafterbedbatheveryday)无特殊情况，可以洗头,注意保暖(Withoutspecialcircumstances,puerperacanwashhairandkeepwarm)剖宫产需拆线后，切口无异常方可淋浴，禁止盆浴(Puerperaewithcesareansectioncantakeashowerifstitchesareremovedandincisionhealswell.Tubbathisprohibited.)四、剖宫产产妇术后第三天的照护(Careforthethirddayaftercaesareansection)04饮食照护

(Dietarycare）第3天饮食逐步过渡到普通饮食(Onthethirdday,thedietwillbegraduallychangedtonormaldiet）如：肉、蛋、奶、软饭、青菜、水果等营养丰富、清淡的饮食。(suchasmeat,eggs,milk,softrice,greenvegetables,fruitsandothernutritiousandlightdiet.）母婴同室好处(Benefitsofmotherandinfantrooming-in):产妇哺乳不受限制(allowsforunrestrictedbreastfeeding)方便产妇学会照护婴儿(facilitatesthemothertolearninfantcare)增进母子感情(increasesmonther-infantbonding)方便产妇了解婴儿的睡眠和清醒周期(allowsforabetterunderstandingofthebaby'ssleepandwakecycles)05母婴同室、按需哺乳

(Motherandbabyrooming-in,breastfeedingondemand）四、剖宫产产妇术后第三天的照护(Careforthethirddayaftercaesareansection)产妇和婴儿24小时在一起，除洗澡和治疗外。(Themotherandbabystaytogether24hoursaday,exceptforbathingandtreatment.）剖宫产是常见的分娩方式小结（Conclusion）

做好剖宫产产妇术后照护有效改善产妇手术后的状态一、顺产的定义顺产是一种分娩方式，是一种产力、产道和胎儿三个因素均正常且能互相适应，胎儿经阴道自然分娩的方式。(Vaginaldeliveryisatypeofdeliveryinwhichthefetusisdeliverednaturallythroughthevaginawithnormalandmutuallycompatiblelaborforce,birthcanalandfetus.)(Definitionofvaginaldelivery)环境(Environment)

二、顺产产妇第一天的照护（Careforpuerperaeaftervaginaldeliveryonthefirstday）

为产妇提供空气清新、通风良好、舒适安静的病室环境；保持床单的清洁、整齐、干净。

(Environment.Provideafresh,well-ventilated,comfortableandquietroomenvironmentforpuerperae;keepbedsheetsclean,neatandtidy.)饮食(Diet)二、顺产产妇第一天的照护（Careforpuerperaeaftervaginaldeliveryonthefirstday）

产后1小时鼓励产妇进流食或清淡半流食。

（Puerperaeareencouragedtoeatliquidfoodorlight

semi-liquidfood.）食物应富含营养，有足够的热量和水分。(Foodshouldberichinnutrients,withsufficientcalories

andwater.

)）二、顺产产妇第一天的照护（Careforpuerperaeaftervaginaldeliveryonthefirstday）

回病房、1小时、2小时三个时间点护士需测量生命体征。照护者协助护土做好产妇生命体征监测

(Caregiversshallassistnursesinmonitoringmaternalvitalsigns.)(Nursesneedtomeasurevitalsignsatthreetimepoints:backtotheward,1hour,and2hours.)二、顺产产妇第一天的照护（Careforpuerperaeaftervaginaldeliveryonthefirstday）

照护者协助护土做好产妇生命体征监测

(Caregiversshallassistnursesinmonitoringmaternalvitalsigns.)分娩后3天每天测体温、脉搏、呼吸4次。(Measuretemperature,pulseandrespiration4timesadayfor3daysafterdelivery.)观察子宫收缩情况二、顺产产妇第一天的照护（Careforpuerperaeaftervaginaldeliveryonthefirstday）

(Observeforuterinecontraction)（Within2hoursafterreturningtotheward,observeevery30minutes.)回病房时母婴照护者详细了解分娩过程，密切观察子官收缩情况、宫底高度。(Whenreturningtotheward,thecaregiverofmotherandinfantwereinformedofthedeliveryprocessindetailandshouldcloselyobserveforcontractionsoftheuterusandtheheightofthefundus.)回病房2小时内，每30分钟观察一次。2小时后，每4小时观察一次，直至产后24小时。（after2hours,observeevery4hoursuntil24hoursafterdelivery.)二、顺产产妇第一天的照护（Careforpuerperaeaftervaginaldeliveryonthefirstday）

产后4-6小时应鼓励产妇多饮水，下床自行排尿，如膀胱充盈而排尿困难，除鼓励产妇坐起排尿外，还可采取以下方法:(Encouragepuerperatodrinkmorewater,getoutofbedtourinate4~6hrsafterdelivery.Ifthebladderisfullanditisdifficulttourinate,inadditiontoencouragingthepuerperatositupandurinate,thefollowingmethodscanbetaken:

)排尿(Urination)排尿二、顺产产妇第一天的照护（Careforpuerperaeaftervaginaldeliveryonthefirstday）

(Urination)①用温开水冲洗外阴、尿道口周围诱导排尿。（Rinsethevulvaandaroundtheurethrawithwarmwatertoinduceurination.）②热敷下腹部，按摩膀胱，刺激膀胱肌收缩。（Applyhotcompressestothelowerabdomenandmassagethebladdertostimulatebladdermusclecontraction.）喂养方法指导二、顺产产妇第一天的照护（Careforpuerperaeaftervaginaldeliveryonthefirstday）

(Guidanceonfeedingmethods)产妇及婴儿均取个舒适的姿势，最好坐在直背椅上，若伤口疼痛无法坐起哺乳，可取侧卧位，使母婴紧密相贴。(Guidanceonfeedingmethods.Puerperaandbabytakeacomfortableposition,preferablyinastraight-backedchair.Ifthewoundistoopainfulforpuerperatositupforbreastfeeding,side-lyingpositioncanbeadoptedtomakethemotherandbabyclosetoeachother.)保持外阴清洁二、顺产产妇第一天的照护（Careforpuerperaeaftervaginaldeliveryonthefirstday）

(Keepthevulvaclean)用温开水每天擦洗2次，及时更换会阴垫，保持外阴清洁。(Cleanwithwarmwatertwiceadayandchangetheperinealpadintimetokeepthevulvaclean.）休息三、顺产产妇第二天的照护（Careforpuerperaeaftervaginaldeliveryonthesecondday）

产妇要养成和新生儿同步休息的习惯，充足的休息对保证乳汁分泌十分重要。(thepuerperashoulddevelopthehabitofrestingwiththenewbornbaby,sufficientrestisveryimportanttoensurethesecretionofbreastmilk.）((Rest))住院期间照护活动应不打扰产妇休息（Duringthehospitalization,careactivitiesshouldnotdisturbthepuerpera'srest.）饮食指导三、顺产产妇第二天的照护（Careforpuerperaeaftervaginaldeliveryonthesecondday）

(Dietaryguidance)顺产产妇可进食正常饮食，如米饭、谷类、肉、蛋、奶、青菜、水果等营养丰富、清淡的饮食。避免过早进补，忌食冰冷、辛辣刺激等食物。(Puerperawithvaginaldeliverycanhaveanormaldiet,suchasrice,grains,meat,eggs,milk,vegetables,fruitsandothernutritious,lightdiet.Avoidprematuresupplementation,avoidcold,spicyandstimulatingfoods.）母乳喂养指导三、顺产产妇第二天的照护（Careforpuerperaeaftervaginaldeliveryonthesecondday）

(Breastfeedingguidance)按需哺乳，为了保护乳头，预防组织破损，可在哺乳后挤出一滴乳汁涂在乳头上待

干燥后再穿衣(Breastfeedondemand.Toprotectthenippleandpreventtissuebreakage,squeezeoutadropofbreastmilkontothenippleafterbreastfeedingandleaveittodrybeforedressing)应穿适合乳房大小的纯棉质地胸罩支撑胀大的乳房(puerperaeshouldwearcottonbrasuitableforthesizeofthebreasttosupporttheengorgedbreast)新生儿转儿科者，照护者协助产妇挤奶，保持泌乳(Ifthenewbornistransferredtoapediatricunit,thecaregivershouldassistthepuerperaeinexpressingmilkandmaintaininglactation.）三、顺产产妇第二天的照护（Careforpuerperaeaftervaginaldeliveryonthesecondday）

活动(Mobilization)会阴侧切的产妇适当推迟活动时间，鼓励产妇在床上适当活动，预防下肢静脉血栓形成。(Puerperaewithlateralepisiotomyshouldpostponetheactivitytime,andbeencouragedtoexerciseinbedtopreventlowerlimbvenousthrombosis.)自然分娩者产后6-12小时可下床轻微活动，产后第2天可在室内随意走动，适时做产后健身操。(Puerperaewithvaginaldeliverycangetoutofbedforlightactivityafter6-12hoursandwalkaroundfreelyintheroomontheseconddayafterdelivery,anddopostnatalexercisesattherighttime.)三、顺产产妇第二天的照护（Careforpuerperaeaftervaginaldeliveryonthesecondday）

活动(Mobilization)待拆线后伤口无疼痛时做产后健身操。由于产妇产后盆底肌肉松弛，应避免负重劳动或蹲位活动，以防子宫脱垂。(Dopostpartumaerobicswhenthereisnopainaroundthewoundaftersutureremoval.Asthepelvicfloormusclesareloosenedafterdelivery,puerperaeshouldavoidweight-bearingorsquattingactivitiestopreventuterineprolapse.）观察子宫复旧及恶露三、顺产产妇第二天的照护（Careforpuerperaeaftervaginaldeliveryonthesecondday）

(Observeforuterineinvolutionandlochia)每天在同一时间手测子宫底高度，了解子宫复旧情况。测量前嘱产妇排尿，每天观察恶露的量、颜色和气味。红色恶露增多且持续时间延长或子宫有压痛，需向医护人员汇报。(Measuretheuterinefundusheightbyhandatthesametimeeverydaytounderstandconditionofuterineinvolution.Askthepuerperatourinatebeforemeasurementandobservetheamount,colorandodorofthelochiaeveryday.Reportincreasedandprolongedredlochiaoruterinetendernesstomedicalstaff.）会阴部照护三、顺产产妇第二天的照护（Careforpuerperaeaftervaginaldeliveryonthesecondday）

(Perinealcare)擦洗的原则为由上到下、从内到外，会阴伤口单独擦洗，擦过肛门的棉球应弃之。大便后用水清洗会阴保持会阴部清洁。会阴部有缝线者，应每天观察伤口周围有无渗血、血胁红肿、硬结及分泌物，并嘱产妇健侧卧位。每日擦洗外阴2-3次

(Cleantheperineum2-3timesaday.)(Cleantheperineum2-3timesaday.Theprincipleofcleaningisfromtoptobottom,frominsidetooutside,perinealincisionshouldbecleanedseparately,andthecottonballsthathavebeenwipedthroughtheanusshouldbediscarded.Perineumsuturesshouldbeexamineddailyforredness,indurationandsecretion,andaskthepuerperaetolieonherhealthyside.)小结（Conclusion）

顺产是分娩方式的一种，许多孕妇还是希望自己能够顺产，这样既对宝宝有好处，也对自己身体恢复有很大的好处。(Vaginaldeliveryisoneofthedeliverymethods,andmanypregnantwomenstillhopetohaveavaginaldelivery,whichisnotonlygoodforthebaby,butalsogoodfortheirphysicalrecovery.)我们一定要做好顺产产妇的照护，千万不能掉以轻心。(Wemustdoagoodjobincaringforwomenwhohaveavaginaldelivery,andbecautiousallthetime.)产后恢复分为三个关键时期：(Postpartumrecoveryisdividedintothreekeyperiods)有效期(Validityperiod)理想期(Idealperiod)黄金期(Goldenperiod)抓住这三个关键时期，有望达到较好的恢复效果。(Betterrecoveryeffectisexpectedtobeachievedbygraspingthesethreekeyperiods.)产后恢复黄金期（Goldenperiodofpostpartumrecovery）

产后恢复的黄金时期(Thegoldenperiodofpostpartumrecovery)：

产后恢复黄金期（Goldenperiodofpostpartumrecovery）

产后42天，也称为产褥期，是产妇身体变化最大的一段时间，经过了分娩的过程，产妇能量消耗巨大，身体最为虚弱，身体各项指标均处于失衡状态。(The42daysafterdelivery,alsoknownasthepuerperium,whichistheperiodofgreatestchangesinpuerperae’sbody.Aftertheprocessofchildbirth,thematernalenergyconsumptionishuge,thebodyisatitsweakest,andinastateofimbalance.)注意(Note)：

产后恢复黄金期产妇穿着的服装与室内温度要适当，室内温度以25oC-26oC、湿度为50%-60%为好，避免着凉、感冒，避免关节受到风、寒、湿的入侵。(Maternityclothingandindoortemperatureshouldbeappropriate,indoortemperatureof25-26oC,humidityof50%-60%issuitable,avoidgettingcold,avoidtheinvasionofwind,cold,andwettothejoints.)温度要适当(Thetemperatureshouldbeappropriate)（Goldenperiodofpostpartumrecovery）

产后恢复黄金期劳逸适度对于恶露的排出、筋骨及身材的恢复也很有帮助。(Moderateworkandrestisalsohelpfulforthedischargeoflochia,therecoveryofmuscles,bonesandbody.）产后初期，产妇必须多卧床休息，起来活动的时间不要超过半小时。(Intheearlypostpartumperiod,puerperamustrestsinbedmore,exerciseshouldbenomorethanhalfanhour.)劳逸适度(Moderateworkandrest)

（Goldenperiodofpostpartumrecovery）

产后恢复黄金期劳逸适度(Moderateworkandrest)

待体力逐渐恢复时可以适当加长活动时间，以1-2小时为宜。(Whenthephysicalstrengthgraduallyrecovers,theactivitytimecanbeappropriatelyextended,preferably1-2hours.)（Goldenperiodofpostpartumrecovery）

注意(Note)：

产后恢复黄金期个人卫生方面,适当清洁头发、身体，避免因细菌感染而发炎。(Intermsofpersonalhygiene,hairandbodyshouldbeproperlycleanedtoavoidinflammationcausedbybacterialinfection.)（Goldenperiodofpostpartumrecovery）

注意(Note)：

产后恢复黄金期饮食调理方面应根据个人体质的差异性而有所不同，遵循“一清二温三补”的原则。(Dietaryconditioningshouldbedifferentaccordingtoindividual’sdifferencesinbodyconstitution,followingtheprincipleof"firstclear,secondwarmandthirdtonic".)（Goldenperiodofpostpartumrecovery）

产后恢复黄金期通(Unclog)通是指疏通乳腺，做好乳房和乳头护理，为哺乳做好准备。(Unclogreferstounclogmammarygland,takegoodcareofbreastsandnipples,andprepareforbreastfeeding.)原则（Principle）2净(Clean)净是指促进恶露尽早排出，做好子宫恢复，为下一步的进补做好准备。(cleanreferstopromotelo