英美文学选读名词解释全套

英美文学选读名词解释全套名词解释1.DramaticMonologue戏剧独白apoemdeliveredinadramaticmannerbyasinglepersonaspeakerwhoisnotidentifiedwiththepoetusuallytoachieveanironicaleffect.2.Aestheticism美学主义（唯美主义）Aestheticism(alsotheAestheticMovement)isanintellectualandartmovementsupportingtheemphasisofaestheticvaluesmorethansocial-politicalthemesforliterature,fineart,musicandotherarts.3.ThePygmalionEffect皮格马利翁效应ThePygmalionEffectisthatpeopletendtobehaveasyouexpecttheywill.Ifyouexpectapersontotakeresponsibility,theyprobablywill.Ifyouexpectthemnottoeventry,theyprobablywon’t.4.Colonialism殖民主义onecountry’sdominationofanothercountryorpeople—usuallyachievedthroughaggressive,oftenmilitaryactions，andtheterritoryacquiredinthismanner.5.Post-colonialtheory后殖民主义理论isamulticulturaltheorywhichmainlystudiesrelationsofculturaldiscoursepowerbetweenthecolonistandthecolonizedaswellasracism(种族主义),culturalimperialism（文化帝国主义）,nationalcultureandculturepoweridentityaftercolonialperiodRepresentatives后殖民理论的“圣三位一体”EdwardSaid(萨义德)GayatriC.Spivak(斯皮瓦克)HomiK.Bhabha(霍米·巴巴),6.Imagism意象主义Thebodyoftheoriesofagroupofanti-Romanticandanti-GeorgianBritishandAmericanpoets(1912-18)whoaimedatsimplicityanddetachmentinpoeticexpressionbytheclearpresentationofvisualimages.,7.Imagery意象Wordsorphrasesthatcreatepicture,orimages,inthereadermind.Imagesareprimarilyvisual.Imagescanappealtoothersensesaswell:touch,taste,smellandhearing.8.Symbolism印象主义Epiphany顿悟Anexperienceofsuddenandstrikingrealization顿.悟Epiphanyisanappearanceorperceptionoftheessentialnatureormeaningofsomething,todescribethesuddenrevelationofwhatnessofathing,themomentinwhichthesoulofthecommonestobjectseemstousradiant.9.StreamofConsciousness意识流

Itisanarrativemodethatseekstoportrayanindividual'spointofviewbygivingthewrittenequivalentofthecharacter'sthoughtprocesses,eitherinalooseinteriormonologue,orinconnectiontohisorheractions.Streamofconsciousnesswritingisusuallyregardedasaspecialformofinteriormonologueandischaracterizedbyleapsinsyntaxandpunctuationthatcanmaketheprosedifficulttofollow,tracingacharacter'sfragmentarythoughtsandsensoryfeelings.Thenarrativemethodofcapturingandrepresentingtheinnerworkingofacharacter’smind.10.FeministCriticism女性主义Feminismreferstomovementsaimedatestablishinganddefendingequalpolitical,economic,socialrightsandopportunitiesforwomen11.Transcendentalists超验主义Transcendentalistsemphasizetheimportanceoftheindividual.Theybelievethattheindividualisthemostimportantpartofsociety,andthatsocialinnovationcanonlybeachievedthroughpersonalcultivationandimprovement.Therefore,theprimaryresponsibilityofpeopleistoimprovethemselves,ratherthandeliberatelypursuewealthandwealth.AnidealpersonisonewhodependsonhimselfTranscendentalistslookatnatureinanewway,believingthatnatureisthesymbolofsuperspiritorgod.Intheirview,natureismorethanmatter.Ithaslife,thespiritofgodfillsit,itisthecloakofthesuperspirit12.Iambicpentameter(五音步诗)IambicpentameteristhemostcommonEnglishmeter,inwhicheachfootcontainsanunaccentedsyllableandanaccentedsyllable.Itisameterinpoetry,consistingofanunrhymedlinewithfiveiambsorfeet(hencepentameter).13.Alliteration(头韵)Alliterationmeansarepetitionoftheinitialsoundsofseveralwordsinalineorgroup.ItisaveryoldtraditionalstylisticdeviceinEnglishliteratureandverse.Theconsonantsandstressedsyllablesarerepeatedinonelineorinonestanza14.Byronichero

拜伦式英雄TheByronicheropresentsanidealized,butflawedcharacterwhoseattributesinclude:greattalent;greatpassion;distasteforsocietyandsocialinstitutions;alackofrespectforrankandprivilege;beingthwartedinlovebysocialconstraintordeath;rebellion;exile;anunpleasantsecretpast;arrogance;overconfidenceorlackofforesight;and,ultimately,aself-destructivemanner.15.Sonnet

十四行诗Asonnetisa14-linelyricpoemwithasingletheme.Sonnetsvarybutareusuallywritteniniambicpentameter,followingoneoftwotraditionalpatterns:thePetrarchanorItaliansonnetandtheShakespeareanorEnglishsonnet.Asonnetgenerallyexpressesasinglethemeoridea.16.LakePoets湖畔诗人TheLakePoetsalllivedintheLakeDistrictofEnglandattheturnofthenineteenthcentury.Asagroup,theyfollowednosingle"school"ofthoughtorliterarypracticethenknown,althoughtheirworkswereuniformlydisparagedbytheEdinburghReview.TheyareconsideredpartoftheRomanticMovement17.Metaphysical玄学派诗歌的MetaphysicalpoetsisatermcoinedbythepoetandcriticSamuelJohnsontodescribealoosegroupofBritishlyricpoetsofthe17thcentury,whoseworkwascharacterizedbytheinventiveuseofconceits,andbyspeculationabouttopicssuchasloveorreligion.JohnDonneisthemostimportantrepresentative.18.ShakespeareanComedy莎士比亚式喜剧AShakespeareancomedyisonethathasahappyending,usuallyinvolvingmarriagesbetweentheunmarriedcharacters,andatoneandstylethatismorelight-heartedthanShakespeare'sotherplays.Shakespeareancomediestendtoalsoinclude:`Astruggleofyoungloverstoovercomedifficulty,oftenpresentedbyelder.Metaphysicalpoets

（玄学派诗歌）

ThemetaphysicalpoetswerealoosegroupofBritishlyricpoetsofthe17thcentury,whosharedaninterestinmetaphysicalconcernsandacommonwayofinvestigatingthem.Theirrigorous,energeticverseappealstothereader’sintellectratherthanemotions,discardingintuitionandmysticisminfavourofrationaldiscussion.Theirinventive,elaboratestylewascharacterisedbylearnedimageryandsubtleargumentation,andthe"metaphysicalconceit",afigureofspeechthatemploysunusualandparadoxicalimagessuchasinAndrewMarvell’scomparisonofthesoulwithadropofdew.Althoughsuchdeviceswerenotnew,thesepoetsmanagedtomakethemostofthemwiththeirfreshandoriginalapproach,infusingnewlifeintoEnglishpoetry.Metaphysicalpoetry(玄学派诗歌)Metaphysicalpoetryiscommonlyusedtonametheworkofthe17thcenturywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohnDonnewitharebelliousspirit,theMetaphysicalpoetstriedtobreakawayfromtheconventionalfashionoftheElizabethanlovepoetry,thedictionissimpleascomparedwiththatoftheElizabethanortheNeoclassicalperiods,andechoesthewordsandcadencesofcommonspeech.theimageryisdrawnfromactuallife.LakePoets(湖畔诗人)InenglishliteratureLakePoetsrefertosuchromanticpoetsaswilliamwordsworth,coleridgeandsoutheywholivedinthelakeDistrict.TheycametobeknownasthelakeschoolorLakers.Imagism（意象派）：itwasapoeticvoguethatflourishedinEngland,andevenmorevigorouslyinAmerica,betweentheyears1912and1917.ItwasplannedandexemplifiedbyagroupofEnglishandAmericanwritersinLondon,partlyundertheinfluenceofthepoetictheoryofT.E.Hulme,asarevoltagainstthesentimentalandmannerishpoetryattheturnofthecentury.ThetypicalImagistpoetryiswritteninfreeverseandundertakestobeaspreciselyandterselyaspossible.Meanwhile,theImagistpoetrylikestoexpressthewriters’momentaryimpressionofavisualobjectorsceneandoftentheimpressionisrenderedbymeansofmetaphorwithoutindicatingarelation.MostfamousImagistpoem,“InaStationoftheMetro”,waswrittenbyEzraPound.Imagismwastoorestrictivetoendurelongasaconcertedmovement,butitinfluencedalmostallmodernpoetsofBritainandAmerica.Imagism(意象主义)ImagismcameintobeinginBritainandU.Saround1910asareactiontothetraditionalEnglishpoetrytoexpressthesenseoffragmentationanddislocation.2>theimagists,withEzraPoundleadingtheway,holdthatthemosteffectivemeanstoexpressthesemomentaryimpressionsisthroughtheuseofonedominantimage.3>imagismischaracterizedbythefollowingthreepoeticprinciples:A.directtreatmentofsubjectmatter;B.economyofexpression;C.asregardsrhythm,tocomposeinthesequenceofthemusicalphrase,notinthesequenceofmetronome.