2025年同等学力申硕英语全国统一考试真题

同等學力申硕英語全国统一考试真題PaperOne试卷一（90minutes）PartⅠDialogueCommunication（10minutes，10points）SectionADialogueCompletionDirection：Inthissection，youwillreadfiveshortincompletedialoguesbetweentwospeakers，eachfollowedbyfourchoicesmarkedA，B，C，andD.Choosethebestanswerthatbestsuitsthesituationtocompletethedialoguebymarkingthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.1.A：Sorrytobotheryou，butcouldyoutellmethewaytoSunsetRoad？B：A.Sorry，Icouldn’thelp.B.Yes，whatcanIdoforyou？C.I’mafraidIhavenoidea.D.It’snottoofarfromhere，isit？2.A：Doyoudoexerciseseveryday？B：A.No，itdependsonwhatkindofexercise.B.No，Igotohealthclubmostofthetime.C.Yes，usuallyeveryotherday.D.Yes，rainorshine.3.A：Thatwasadeliciousmeal，Mrs.Barr.Thankyouverymuch.B：A.You’rewelcome.B.Nevermind.C.Itdoesn’tmatter.D.It’sjustOK.4.A：Ihavealastfavortoaskofyou.Couldyoudrivemydaughtertotheairport？B：A.ShallIgettheticketforher.B.Yeah，Ilikethat.C.YoubetIwill.D.Sure，it’dbeapleasure.5.A：MayIseethedentistnow？B：A.Isitarealemergency？B.Doyouhaveanappointment？C.Inthatcase，you’llhavetowait.D.I’lltalktothedentistandsqueezeyouin.SectionBDialogueComprehensionDirection：Inthissection，youwillreadfiveshortconversationsbetweenamanandawoman，AttheendofeachconversationthereisaquestionfollowedbyfourchoicesmarkedA，B，C，andD.Choosethebestanswertothequestionfromthefourchoicesbymarkingthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.6.Man：I’mgoingtoasktheneighborstoturnthemusicdown.Ican’thearmyselfthink.Woman：Doyoureallythinkitmakesmydifferencetothem？Question：Whatdoesthewomanmean？A.Heshouldhavetoldthemearlier.B.Itisofnousetoturnthemusicdown.C.Theneighborswillnotlistentohim.D.Heshouldfocusonhisownthinking.7.Man：Whatshallwetakefortherap？Woman：We’dbettertakethebarenecessities.Question：Whatdoesthewomansuggest？A.Theyshouldtakeaslittleaspossible.B.Theyshouldtaketheirdailynecessities.C.Theyshouldtakeasmuchastheycan.D.Theyshouldtakenothingwiththem.8.Woman：Wearegoingtogoawayonvacation...Canyouhearme？Man：I’mallears.Question：Whatdoesthemanmean？A.Heislisteningattentively.B.Hecouldn’tcareless.C.Helikesthewoman’sidea.D.Heisagainstthewoman’splan.9.Woman：I’mreallybehindwithmyproject.Canyouhelpme？Man：I’mafraidyoubitoffmorethanyoucouldchew！Question：Whatdoesthemanmean？A.Heisnotwillingtohelpthewoman.B.Thewomanisunabletodotheproject.C.Thewomanisdoingmorethanshecanmanage.D.Heisnotinapositiontohelpthewoman.10.Woman：There’sBillonhismotorcycleagain.Didhegetitfixedinthegarage？Man：Don’tbesilly.Thatwouldhavebeenawasteofmoney.Itonlyhadaflattire.Question：Whatdoesthemanimply？A.Thewomanwassosillyastowastemuchmoney.B.Itwascostlytohavethemotorcyclefixedinthegarage.C.Billmusthaverepairedmymotorcyclehimself.D.Therewasaseriousproblemwiththemotorcycle.PartⅡVocabulary（10minutes，10points）SectionADirection：Inthissectiontherearetensentences，eachwithonewordorphraseunderlined.ChoosetheonefromthefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandDthatbestkeepsthemeaningofthesentence.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.11.Readersarerequiredtoabidebytherulesofthelibraryandmindtheirmanners.A.observeB.memorizeC.reviewD.compose12.Thecoachexplainedtheregulationsatlengthtomakesurethatnoneofhisplayerswouldbecomeviolators.A.atlastB.atlargeC.indetailD.inshort13.Thecostofhealthcareandhealthinsuranceremainsthemosturgenthealthproblemfacingthecountrytoday.A.pressingB.importantC.neglectedD.complicated14.Shebelievesthatsheisnotagoodmotherbecauseshedoesnotfitthestereotypeofawomanwhospendsallhertimewithherchildren.A.popularimageB.commonstandardC.fixedconceptionD.pleasantnotion15.ThusthemostlogicalapproachistofocusouranalysisonthetraderelationsofSpainwithotherEuropeancountries.A.reasoningB.conclusionC.positionD.method16.Wenolongerkeepuptheclosefriendshipofafewyearsagothoughwestillvisiteachotheronoccasion.A.ingoodtimeB.uptodateC.nowandthenD.onceandforall17.Theuniversityofferedseveralmorecoursesforthepurposeoffurtheringthecareeraspirationsofitsstudents.A.ambitionsB.achievementsC.advantagesD.advances18.Manywomenprefertousecosmeticstoenhancetheirbeautyandmakethemlookyounger.A.enforceB.magnifyC.improveD.polish19.Theleadersofthetwocountriesareplanningtheirsummitmeetingwithapledgetomaintainanddevelopgoodties.A.strategyB.standpointC.promiseD.priority20.Manyyoungstershaveheardtheirparentssay，“You’llneveramounttoanythingifyoukeepdaydreamingthatway！”A.beequaltoB.accomplishC.adduptoD.pursueSectionB21.Twodecadesagoawomanwhoshookhandswithmenonherown_____wasusuallyviewedastooforward.A.endeavorB.initiativeC.motivationD.preference22.Thefruit_____morethanhalfthecountry’sannualexportsaccordingtoarecentreport.A.accountsforB.standsforC.providesforD.makesfor23.Theviolent_____fhisyouthreappearedandwasdirectednotonlyatthearmybutathiswifeaswell.A.impatienceB.characterC.temperD.quality24.Thishypothesisstatesthatenvironmentsthataretoocleanmayactuallymakethe_____systemdevelopoversensitiveresponses.A.mentalB.nervousC.immuneD.physical25.TheAdultVocationalCollegeisanopportunitytogaintherightqualificationsforvariouscareersforitoffersan_____rangeofsubjectsandcourses.A.additionalB.excessiveC.adequateD.extensive26.It’sdisturbingtonotehowmanyofthecrimeswedoknowaboutweredetected_____notbysystematicinspectionsorothersecurityprocedures.A.byaccidentB.onscheduleC.ingeneralD.atintervals27.Youcanalways_____Jiminacrisis，forheissimplythemosthelpfulpersonI’veeverknown.A.refertoB.countonC.copewithD.runinto28.Hewantedtostayathome，butatlastheagreed，very_____，though，togototheconcert.A.decisivelyB.reluctantlyC.willinglyD.deliberately29.Theaudience，hostileatfirst，weregreatly_____byherexcellentperformance.A.annoyedB.encouragedC.impressedD.depressed30.Manybirdsandinsectscanbuild_____neststoprovideshelterfortheiryoung.A.gloriesB.elaborateC.splendidD.advancedPartⅢReadingComprehension（45minutes，25points）Directions：Therearefivepassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbyfivequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosethebestoneandmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.PassageOneAtallagesandatallstagesoflife，fearpresentsaproblemtoalmosteveryone.“Wearelargelytheplaythingsofourfears，”wrotetheBritishauthorHoraceWalpolemanyyearsago.“Toone，fearofthedark；toanother，ofphysicalpain；toathird，ofpublicridicule；toafourth，ofpoverty；toafifth，ofloneliness—forallofusourparticularcreaturewaitsinahiddenplace.”Fearisoftenausefulemotion.Whenyoubecomefrightened，manyphysicalchangesoccurwithinyourbody.Yourheartbeatandresponsesquicken；yourpupilsexpandtoadmitmorelight；largequantitiesofenergy-producingadrenalin（肾上腺素）arepouredintoyourbloodstream.Confrontedwithafireoraccident，fearcanfuellife-savingflight（逃离）.Similarly，whenadangerispsychologicalratherthanphysical，fearcanforceyoutotakeself-protectivemeasures.Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathandthatitbecomesaproblem.Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerabletofearthanothers.Avisittothenewbornnurseryofanylargehospitalwilldemonstratethat，fromthemomentoftheirbirths，afewfortunateinfantsrespondcalmlytosuddenfear-producingsituationssuchasaloudlyslammeddoor.Yetaneighborinthenextbedmaycryoutwithprofoundfright.Frombirth，heorsheismorepronetolearnfearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.Further，psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears.AyoungmannamedBill，forexample，grewupwithafatherwhoregardedeachadversityasatemporaryobstacletobeovercomewithimaginationandcourage.Usinghisfatherasamodel，Billcametowelcomeadventureandtotrusthisownabilitytosolveproblems.Phil’sdad，however，spentmostofhistimetryingtoprotecthimselfandhisfamily.Afraidtorisktheinsecurityofajobchange，heremainedunhappyinoneposition.Heavoidedlongvacationsbecause“thecarmightbreakdown.”Growingupinsuchahome，Philnaturallylearnedtobecomefearfulandtense.31.InthelastsentenceofParagraph1，“ourparticularcreature”refersto.A.fearofsomethingB.afiercebeastC.physicalpainD.publicridicule32.Fearcanbeusefulemotiontousbecauseitcan.A.stimulatemanyphysicalchangeswithinourbodyB.quickenourheartbeatandresponsesC.pourlargequantitiesofadrenalineintoourbloodstreamD.helpusrespondquicklytodangerandprotectourselves33.Fearbecomesaproblemonlywhen.A.thedangeristhoughtgreaterthanitreallyisB.thedangerismorepsychologicalthanphysicalC.onecannotstandthedangerD.oneisnotwellpreparedforit34.Differentresponsesofnewborninfantstoaloudlyslammeddoorimplythat.A.somepeopleareinherentlymoreeasilyaffectedbydangerB.people’sresponsetostimuliisnotaninheritedfeatureC.somepeopleseemtobeverysensitivetonoiseD.peoplesometimesseemtoturnadeafeartonoise35.Psychologistshavefoundthatourlaterfearsaredeterminedlargelybyour.A.homeeducationB.schooleducationC.parents’lifestyleD.earlyexperiencesPassageTwoSeahorsesareunusualparents.Thefemaleseahorseslaytheeggs，butunlikeothercreatures，it’sthemalesthatgivebirthtotheyoung.Maleseahorsehaveafoldofskinontheirbelliesthatformsapocket，calledabroodpouch.Duringthebreedingseason，theseahorse’spouchswellstoreceiveeggs.Afemaleseahorselaysupto200eggsatatimeinthepouch.Thensheswimsoff，leavinghermalepartnertocareforthedevelopingeggsandgivebirthtoyoungseahorses.Thefemalewillreturneverydaytocheckonhermateandtheeggs，butshedoesn’tstaylong，nordoesshetakepartinthebirth.Ittakesfromtwotosixweeksfortheeggsinthemale’spouchtodevelop.Duringthistimethemaleavoidsopenwaterandhidesinseagrass.Hisbigpouchmakesitdifficultforhimtoswim，sothemaleoftenuseshistailtograspapieceofseagrass.Firmly，grippingthegrass，hewillstayperfectlystillforhoursorevendays.Themaleseahorsewillchangehiscolortoblendwithhissurroundingsandavoidbeingseenbypredatorswhowilltrytoeathimorpokeholesinhispouchtogettheeggs.Theeggshatchinsidethemale’spouch.Whenthebabiesbeginmovingaround，themaleseahorseknowsit’stimeforthemtobeborn.Hegrabsaseagrassstemwithhistailandbeginsrocking，bending，andstretchinghisbodybackandforth．Thiscausestheopeningtoenlargeuntilitiswideenoughforthefirstbabyseahorsetoshootout.Thefatherseahorsecontinuesrocking，bending，andstretchinghisbodysothattherestofthebabiescanbeborn.Sometimeshehastopresshispouchagainstarockorsomestiffseaweedtoforcetheyoungout.Seahorsebabiesareborningroupsoffiveormore.Sometimesittakestwodaysforthefatherseahorsetogivebirthtoallhisyoung.Heisverytiredwhenit’sover.Soonaftergivingbirthtoonebrood，themalewillapproachhismateandshowherhisemptypouch.Thistellsherheisreadytoreceiveeggsagain.36.Whatpartdoesthefemaleseahorseplayinhavingbabies？A.Receivingeggs.B.Layingeggs.C.Hatchingeggs.D.Protectingeggs.37.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassageaboutgivingbirthtobabyseahorses？A.Itisdangerousforthefemale.B.Ithappensonceayear.C.Itishardworkforthemale.D.Itoccursinthedeepsea.38.Toprotecthimselfandhiseggs，themaleseahorsedoesallthefollowingEXCEPT.A.changinghiscolorB.grippingapieceofgrassC.stayingmotionlessD.enlarginghispouch39.Theauthorsuggestswhenseahorsebabiesarereadytobeborn.A.themaleseahorseseemsveryhappyB.itisdifficultforthemtocomeoutC.thefemaleseahorsejoinsthemaleD.theyneedlargespaceinthepouch40.Whichfactdoestheauthorwantthereadertoremembermost？A.Themaleseahorsegivesbirthtotheyoung.B.Thefemaleseahorselaysupto200eggsatatime.C.Babyseahorseareborningroupsoffiveormore.D.Thefemalewillreturneverydaytocheckontheeggs.PassageThreeWhen23-year-oldEricAtienzagraduatedfromcollegelastyear，hedidn’thaveajob.Notwantingtogiveuphisapartmentandmovebackwithhisparents，hedidwhatmanyyoungAmericansaredoing：hesignedupwithatempagency，whichplacesworkersonshort-termjobs.TemporaryworkerssuchasAtienzacomprise20percentoftheUSworkforce.In1985，417000workerswereclassifiedastemporaryhelp.In，therearemorethan2.5million，accordingtoLabourDepartmentdata.Usingtemporaryworkersallowscompaniestoincreaseordecreasethenumberofstaffastheirworkloadschange.Italsoallowscompaniestoavoidthecostsinvolvedinhiringandfiringlong-termemployees.Manytempagencyownersandcareerspecialistssaytempingisagoodwayforrecentgraduatestogetexperience.“Short-termjobsletgraduatestryoutdifferentcompaniestofindthebestfit，”saidPegiWheatley，ownerofMcCallStaffing，aSanFranciscotempagency.Butthingsdon’talwaysworkoutthatway.“WhenIstartedtemping，Ihadthisnotionthatatemporaryjobcouldturnfull-time.Itworkedforafriendofmine，butthatdidn’thappenforme，”saidAtienza，whoquicklybecameboredwithhisofficework.AtienzastayedwiththetempagencybecausehecouldearnUS$10anhourdoingofficework.Othershort-termjobs，suchasworkingasastoreclerkorinacafé，payaboutUS$7.Butthereweretrade-offsforthehigherpay.BecauseintheUS，healthinsuranceisprovidedthroughemployer，mosttempsarenoteligibleforworkplacehealthbenefits.Atienzarantheriskthatanaccidentorillnesswouldlandhiminthehospitalwithnowaytopaythebill.Otherdrawbacks，thoughlessserious，stillmeanthattempingformostgraduatesisexactlywhatitsnameimplies—atemporarychoice.Instability，gapsbetweencontracts，lackofvacationtimeandisolationfromotheremployeesareoften-citednegatives.“TempinggavemethetimetofigureoutwhatIwantedtodo，becauseIcouldpayoffmybills.Butnoneofthatcamefromthejobsthemselves，”saidAtienza，whoquittempinglastmonthinfavorofafull-timejob.41.Atienzatookashort-termjobmainlybecause.A.hedidn’twanttogiveuphisapartmentB.helikedtotryoutdifferentcompaniesC.hewantedtogetmoreexperienceD.hecouldn’tfindalong-termjob42.Accordingtothepassage，intheyearof，theUnitedStateshadaworkforceofmorethan.A.25millionB.12.5millionC.4.17millionD.2.5million43.WhichisNOTmentionedasanadvantageoftemping？A.Itgivesrecentgraduatesexperience.B.Itenablesemployerstoadjusttheirworkforce.C.Atemporaryjobwillturnfull-time.D.Employerscanreducetheircosts.44.Atinenzastayedwiththetempagencyforsometimebecause______.A.helikedhisofficeworkB.hewassatisfiedwiththepayC.hisemployerprovidedhealthinsuranceD.hehatedgapsbetweencontracts45.Whatdoestheword“trade-offs”inParagraphfivemean？A.BenefitsB.CompromisesC.RisksD.DisadvantagesPassageFourScientistsarehopingtoeliminatemalaria（疟疾）bydevelopingageneticallymodifiedmosquitothatcannottransmitthedisease.MalariahaslongtroubledthepopulationsofSouthAmerica，Africa，andAsia，wheremosquitobitesinfectupto500millionpeopleayearwiththisseriousandsometimesfatalparasiticblooddisease.Forgenerations，scientistshavebeentryingtoeliminatemalariabydevelopingnewdrugsandusingpesticide（杀虫剂）towipeoutlocalmosquitopopulations.Butthesemeasuresaren’tworking—andsomescientists，likeGregLanzaro，saythatbecauseofdrugresistanceandpopulationchanges，malariaisactuallymoreprevalentnowthanitwas20yearsago.Lanzarosayshehasabetterwaytostopthespreadofmalaria：geneticallymodifyingmosquitoessotheyareunabletocarrythedisease.Lanzaroandhiscolleaguesareplanningamulti-yearprojecttoproducemalaria-resistantmosquitoes—andhethinkstheycandoitwithinfiveyears.“Wecangetforeigngenesintomosquitoesandtheygowherethey’resupposedtogo，”Lanzarosays，pointingoutthatscientistshavealreadysucceededingeneticallyengineeringmosquitoesthatcannottransmitmalariatobirdsandmice.And，hesays，scientistsarequicklymakingprogressongenesthatblocktransmissionofthediseasetohumansaswell.Themostdifficultpartscientifically，Lanzarosays，isfiguringouthowtogetthelab-engineeredmosquitoestospreadtheirgenesintonaturalpopulationsafterall，hepointsout，it’suselesstoengineermosquitoesinthelabthatcan’ttransmitmalariawhentherearemillionsoutinthewildthatcan.Tosolvethisproblem，LanzarowantstoloadupamobilepieceofDNAwiththemalaria-resistantgene，andtheninsertitintoagroupofmosquitoembryos.Themalaria-resistantgenewouldbeintegrateddirectlyintothemosquitoes’DNA，makingitimpossibleforthosemosquitoestotransmittheparasitethatcausesmalaria.Inthiswayasmallgroupoflab-raisedmosquitoescouldbereleasedintothewild，andbyinterbreedingwithwildmosquitoes，eventuallytransmitthebeneficialgenetotheentirepopulation.46.Onereasonformalariatobemorewidespreadnowisthat.A.morepeoplehavemovedtomalaria-infectedareasB.mosquitoeshavebecomeresistanttopesticidesC.geneticallymodifiedmosquitoesstilltransmitthediseaseD.mosquitoesbiteasmanyas500millionpeopleayear47.Lanzaroishopefulthatinafewyearmancan.A.starttoeliminatemalariaB.cureparasiticblooddiseasesC.preventmiceformtransmittingparasitesD.acquireimmunityagainstmalaria48.Lanzaroisconfidentthatscientistscanblockthetransmissionsofmalariatohumansbecause.A.naturalmosquitopopulationsdonotchangeB.scientistshavesucceededwithbirdsandmiceC.foreigngenesalwaysgowheretheyarerequiredD.lab-raisedmosquitoeswillnotberesistanttodrugs49.WhatisthemostdifficultpartofLanzaro’sproject？A.Spreadingmalaria-resistantgenesintonaturalmosquitopopulations.B.Raisingmalaria-resistantmosquitoes.C.Makinggenesthatblockthetransmissionofmalaria.D.Identifyingmalaria-resistantgenes.50.Accordingtothepassage，afundamentalwaytowipeoutmalariaisto.A.developnewmalaria-resistantdrugsB.produceeffectivepesticidestokillmosquitoesC.changethegeneticmakeupofmosquitoesD.removepeoplefrommalaria-infectedareasPassageFiveAccordingtoScottAdams，creatorofthecomicstrip（系列漫画）Dilbert，theannualperformancereviewis“oneofthemostfrighteningandweakeningexperiencesineveryemployee’slife.Adam’sstoriesandcomicfigurespokefunattheworkplace，buthischaracterizationofpeople’sfeelingsabouttheannualperformancereviewhasitsseriousside.Althougharecentstudyof437companiesindicatesthateffectiveannualperformancereviewscanhelpraiseprofits，mostemployeesofthosecompanieshatethem.Intheory，annualperformancereviewsareconstructiveandpositiveinteractionsbetweenmanagersandemployeesworkingtogethertoattainmaximumperformanceandstrengthentheorganization.Inreality，theyoftencreatedivision，underminemorale，andsparkangerandjealousy.Thus，althoughtheobjectoftheannualperformancereviewistoimproveperformance，itoftenhastheoppositeresult.AprogrammeratanITfirmwasstunnedtolearnatherannualperformancereviewthatshewasdeniedapromotionbecauseshewasn’ta“teamplayer”.Whatwerethedatausedtomakethisjudgment？Shedidn’tsmileinthecompanyphoto.AlthoughthisstorymightsoundasifitcamestraightoutofDilbert，itisatrueaccountofonewoman’sexperience.Byfollowingafewideasandguidelinesfromindustryanalysis，thiskindofordealcanbeavoided：Toendtheyearwithapositiveandusefulperformancereview，managersandemployeesmuststarttheyearbyworkingtogethertoestablishcleargoalsandexpectations.Itmaybehelpfultoallowemployeestoproposealistofpeopleassociatedwiththecompanywhowillbeinagoodpositiontoassesstheirperformanceattheendoftheyear；thesepeoplemaybeco-workers，suppliers，orevencustomers.Goalsshouldbemeasurablebutflexible，andeveryoneshouldsignoffontheplan.Bycheckingemployees’progressataboutninemonths，managerscangivethemachancetocorrectmistakesandprovideguidancetothosewhoneeditbeforetheyearisout.Whenconductingthereview，managersshouldhighlightstrengthsandweaknessesduringthepastyearanddiscussfutureresponsibilities，avoidingpunishmentorblame.Inshort，whenemployeesleavetheirperformancereviews，theyshouldbefocusingonwhattheycandobetterintheyearahead，notworryingaboutwhatwentintotheirfilesaboutthepast.51.InhiscomicstripDilbert，ScottAdams.A.makefunofworkingpeopleB.tellsastoryaboutaswomanemployeeC.promoteteamspiritamongco-workersD.mocksannualperformancereviews52.AllthefollowingarementionedasthedrawbacksofannualperformancereviewsEXCEPT.A.reducingefficiencyB.creatingtensionC.underminingmoraleD.inducinganger53.Theword“ordeal”Paragraph3probablyrefersto.A.likelihoodofpromotionB.depressiveexperienceC.poorperformanceD.unrealisticexpectation54.Theannualperformancereviews，tobeeffective，mustfocuson.A.makingemployeesawareoftheircompany’sfuturegoalsB.involvingemployeesinassessingtheirownperformanceC.encouragingemployeestoachievebetterfutureperformanceD.highlightingwhatresponsibilitiesemployeeshavefailedin55.ThegeneralattitudeoftheauthortowardAdam’scomicstripDilbertis.A.negativeB.positiveC.neutralD.unclearPartⅣClozeTest（15minutes，15points）Directions：Inthispart，thereisapassagewithfifteenblanks.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosethebestanswerforeachblankandmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.Advertisingisaformofselling.Forthousandsofyearstherehavebeenindividualswhohavetriedto56otherstobuythefoodtheyhaveproducedorthegoodstheyhavemadeortheservicestheycan57.Butinthe19thcentury，themassproductionofgoods58theIndustrialRevolutionmadeperson-to-personsellinginefficient.Themassdistributionofgoodsthat59thedevelopmentoftherailwayandhighwaymadeperson-to-personsellingtooslowandexpensive.Atthesametime，masscommunication，firstnewspapersandmagazines，thenradioandtelevision，mademasssellingthrough60possible.Theobjectiveofanyadvertisementistoconvincepeoplethatitisintheirbest61totaketheactiontheadvertiserisrecommending.Theaction62betopurchaseaproduct，useaservice，voteforapoliticalcandidate，oreventojointheArmy.Advertisingasa63developedfirstandmostrapidlyintheUnitedStates，thecountrythatusesittothegreatest64.In1980advertisingexpendituresintheU.S.exceeded55billiondollarsor652percentofthegrossnationalproduct.Canadaspentabout1.2percentofitsgrossnationalproduct66advertising.67advertisingbringstheeconomicsofmasssellingtothemanufacturer，itproducesbenefitsfortheconsumer68.Someofthoseeconomiesarepassedalongtothepurchasersothatthecostofaproductsoldprimarilythroughadvertisingisusuallyfar69thanonesoldthroughpersonalsalespeople.Advertisingbringspeopleimmediatenewsaboutproductsthathavejustcomeonthemarket.Finally，advertising70fortheprogramsoncommercialtelevisionandradioandforabouttwothirdsofthecostofpublishingmagazineandnewspapers.56.A.requestB.obligeC.affectD.persuade57.A.transferB.secureC.enjoyD.perform58.A.resultingfromB.dealingwithC.leadingtoD.goingfor59.A.followedB.precededC.achievedD.induced60.A.marketingB.advertisingC.salespeopleD.agents61.A.profitsB.benefitsC.interestsD.gains62.A.shouldB.wouldC.mayD.will63.A.businessB.serviceC.productD.profession64.A.amountB.extentC.possibilityD.utility65.AsimilarlyB.supposedlyC.approximatelyD.accountably66.A.withB.atC.intoD.on67.A.WhileB.ThereforeC.ButD.If68.A.aswellB.asusualC.asaresultD.asarule69.A.moreB.lessC.cheaperD.dearer70.A.worksB.callsC.looksD.paysPartⅤErrorDetection（10minutes，5points）Directions：Inthissection，therearetensentences.EachsentencehasfourunderlinedwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，CandD.Identifythepartofthesentence