2023年高考英语二轮复习教案 阅读理解 02 推理判断 含解析

【高频考点解密】2023年高考英语二轮复习讲义

阅读理解

解密02推理判断的复习要点

【构建知识体系】

考点1引申推断题

考点2文章来源题

考点3读者对象题

推理判断题

考点4观点态度题

考点5预测推断题

考点6目的意图题

【英语学科素养解读】

命题素养解读

题型解读

要求

要求考生阅读4篇短主旨大意题包括精确归纳标题、概括文章大意

文，从每题所给的4个选和总结段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细

考查

项中选出最佳选项。题材节\是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解

主旨大意、

广泛，包括科普、社会、全文的基础上运用概括・、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑

细节理解、

文化、政治、经济等多方方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时要

推理判断、

面内容。体裁多样，以记高瞻远瞩，不可以以偏概全。

词义猜测、

叙文、议论文、说明文为

筒章结构

主。

等。

【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向

2023年命题解读和近年考点再现

推理判断题考点1引申推断题

1.D【2022・新高考I卷】

Humanspeechcontainsmerethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon"m"and"a"to

therareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecenainsoundsmorecommon

thanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteled

tonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld'slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago.thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalled

labiodentals,suchas“f'and"v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofter

foods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,

hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned

（对齐），makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptothe

upperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure（结构）,makingiteasiertoproduce

suchsounds.

Iheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagriculture

intheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn'thavetodo

asmuchworkandsodidn'tgrowtobesolarge.

Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesound

ofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof"f'andincreasingremarkably

duringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmany

hunter-gathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhen

humanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.叮hesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnot

necessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyof

speechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiological

changeandculturalevolution,41saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.

15.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?

A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.B.Itcontributesmuchtocultural

diversity.

C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhuman

beings.

【答案】15.C

【解析】本篇是•篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上•半的语言中发

现了新的语音。

15.C推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“"Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarily

remainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeech

soundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchange

andculturalevolutionJsaidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.（研究小组成员

StevenMoran说:“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各

种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。可知，StevenMoran认为语音

是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C。

2.B12021•英语全国甲卷】

PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding（繁育）programrre,haswelcomedtheaiTivalof

arareblackrhinocalf（邱牛幼崽）.WhenthelinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe

40thblackrhinotobebomatthereserve.AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththe

newarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownfbrbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity（圈养）.

PaulBeer,headofrhinosectionatPortLympne,said:"ObviouslywcYcallabsolutely

delightedtowelcomeanothercalftoourblackrhinofamily.She'shealthy,strongandalready

eagertoplayandexplore.Hermother,Solio,isafirst-timemumandsheisdoingafantasticjob.

It'sstillalittletoocoldfbrthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,I

havenodoubtthatthelittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.”

Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobomthisyearatthereserve,butitistoo

earlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.

ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaand

weighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereailbomatthereserve

andstilllivethere.

AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslow

as5500,givingtherhinosa"cri:icallycndangcrcd',status.

7.WhatcanbeinferredaboutPomLympneReseive?

A.Therhinosectionwillbeopentothepublic.

B.Itaimstocontrolthenumberoftheanimals.

C.ItwillcontinuetoworkwiththeWorldWildlifcFund.

D.Someofitsrhinosmaybessnttotheprotectedwildareas.

【答案】7.D

【解析】木文是一篇说明文.文章主要介绍了在PortLympne保护区的部分黑犀牛现状.

7.推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段"ilistooearlytotel!ifthecalveswillmakegood

candidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild（要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生

保护区的好的候选者还为时过早）“可推知，PonLympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野

生保护区。故选D项。

3.C【2021・英语全国申卷】

WhenIwas9,wepackedupourhomeinLosAngelesandarrivedatHeathrow,Londonona

grayJanuarymoming.Everyoneinthefamilysettledquicklyintothecityexceptme.Withoutmy

belovedbeachesandendlessblue—skydays,Ifeltatalossandoutofplace.UntilImadea

discovery.

Southbank,ataneasternbendintheThames,isthecenterofBritishskateboarding,wherethe

continuouscrashingofskateboardsleftyourheadringing.1loveditIsoonmadefriendswiththe

localskaters.Wespokeourownlanguage.Andmyfavorite:Sate.Safemeantcool.Itmeanthello.

Itmeantdoiftwonyaboutit.Once,whenHyingaceitainnickontl.ebeam（横杆），Ifellontothe

stones,damaginganerveinmyhand,andTobycameover,helpingmeup:Safe,man.Safe.Afew

minuteslater,whenIlandedthetrick,myfriendsbeattheirboardsloud,shouting:"Safe!Safe!

Safe!''Andthat'swhatmattered—landingtricks,beingagoodskater.

WhenIwas15,myfamilymovedtoWashington.Itriedskateboardingthere,butthelocals

werefarlesswelcoming.Withinacoupleofyears,I'dgivenitup.

WhenIreturnedtoLondonin2004,1foundmyselfwanderingdowntoSouthbank,spending

hoursthere.I'vetraveledbackseveraltimessince,mostrecentlythispastspring.Thedaywas

coldbutclear:touristsandLondonersstoppedtowatchtheskaters.Weaving（穿梭）amongthe

kidswhorushedbyontheirboards,Ifoundmywaytothebeam.Thenarail—thinteenager,ina

baggywhiteT-shirt,skidded（滑）upiothebeam.Hesatnexttome.Heseemednottonoticethe

mannexttohim.ButsoonIcaughtafewofhisglances.wasalocalhere20yearsago,“1told

him.Then,slowly,hebegantonodhishead."Sa缸man.Safe.,5

“Yeah,"Isaid.uSafe.M

8.WhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorsoonafterhemovedtoLondon?

A.Hefeltdisappointed.B.Hegaveuphishobby.

C.Hulikedthewcalhcr（here.D.Hehaddisagrccincnlswilhhisfamily.

【答案】8.A

【解析】本文属于记叙文。本文讲述作者自己的经历，起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找

到了玩滑板的地方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。作者回到伦敦之后，经常去

之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在与一个玩滑板的孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己

久违的熟悉感。

8.推理判断题。根据第一段“Everyoneinthefamilysettledquicklyintothecityexceptme.

Withoutmybelovedbeachesandendlessblue-skydays,Ifeltatalossandoutofplace.（除了我

之外的家里人都很快适应这个城市，没有了我喜爱的沙滩和蓝天，我感到迷茫和无措）”可知I,

作者刚到伦敦的时候因为没有喜爱的沙滩，不能很好的融入到新的城市，感到很沮丧，故选

A。

4.D12021•英语全国甲卷】

Whoisagenius?Ihisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindtorcenturies.

Let'sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolfor

genius.Butwewanttogobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthat

somepeoplearcsomuchmoreintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?Andwhoarcthey?

Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropean

origin.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthose

victorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadeby

geniusesoutsidetheclub-women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief-theywere

unacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.

AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythan

boystosaythatmembersoftheirgender（性别）are<4really,reallysmart.^^Evenworse,thestudy

foundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobefor

childrenwhoare"really,reallysmart."Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecome

discouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn'ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.

Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reall

positionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewill

seethatsocialfactors（因素）1ikegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.

Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith''intelligence,creativity,perseverance（毅

力）,andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld.”

13.WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScience?

A.Theythinkthemselvessmart.

B.Theylookuptogreatthinkers.

C.Theysecgenderdifferencesearlierthanboys.

D.Theyarelikelytobeinfluencedbysocialbeliefs

【答案】13.D

【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，

提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。

13.推理判断题。根据第四段的“Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief.Around

agesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobefbrchildrenwhoaretlreally,reallysmart.”（更糟糕

的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常

非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动）.,可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左

右就不适合做“聪明孩了''做的事情。故选D。

5.B12021・全国高考乙卷】

Whenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyarcmorethanhalfofAustralianhomesstill

payingfbralandline（座机）?

Thesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn't

ownamobilephone.Intactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryone

canmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.

Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter

（29%）relyonlyontheirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey（调查）,OfthoseAustralianswho

stillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatit,snotreallynecessaryandthey'rekeepingitasa

securityblanket_19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseof

emergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.

MorethanhalfofAustralianhomesarestillchoosingtostickwiththeirhomephone.Ageis

natuiallyafacloi（因素）一only58pcicenlofGcneiatiunYsstilluselandlinesnowandthen,

comparedto84percentofBabyBoomerswho'veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50

years.Ageisn'ttheonlyfactor;Tdsayit'salsotodowiththemakeupofyourhousehold.

GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likemywifeandI,canstillfinditconvenienttohavea

homephoneratherthanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.Thatsaid,tobe

honesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephonearcourBabyBoomersparents,tothepoint

whereweplayagameandguesswhoiscallingbeforewcpickupthephone（usingCallerID

wouldtakethefunoutofit）.

Howaiiachcdarcyouloycurlandline?Howlongunliltheygothewayofgasslrccilamps

andmorningmilkdeliveries?

27.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelandlinefromthelastparagraph?

A.Itremainsafamilynecessity.

B.Itwillfalloutofusesomeday.

C.Itmayincreasedailyexpenses.

D.Itisasimportantasthegaslight.

【答案】27.B

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固

定电话是非必需品的观点。

27.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntilthey

gothewayofgasstreetlampsandmoniingmilkdeliveries?（你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要

多久才能走上煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶的道路？）”可推知，本段使用类比的方式，使用煤气路

灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，侧而说明了固定电话总芍一天会废弃的。故选B项。

6.D12021•全国高考乙卷】

Duringaninierviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillihinkabout

often.Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction（干扰）inhisopenoffice,hesaid,"That'swhyIhavea

membershipattheco-workingspaceacrossthestreet-soIcanfbcus”.Hiscommentstruckme

asstrange.Afterall,co-workingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopenofficelayout（布局）.ButI

recentlycameacrossastudythatshowswhyhisapproachworks.

Iheresearchersexaminedvariouslevelsotnoiseonparticipantsastheycompletedtestsof

creativethinking.Theywererandomlydividedintofourgroupsandexposedtovariousnoise

levelsinthebackground,fromtotalsilenceto50decibels（分贝）.70decibels,and85decibels.

Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;however,the

participantsinthe70decibelsgroup—thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackground

chatterinacoffeeshop—signir'icantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.Sincetheeffectswere

small,thismaysuggestthatourcreativethinkingdoesnotdifferthatmuchinresponsetototal

silenceand85decibelsofbackgroundnoise.

Butsincetheresultsat70decibelsweresignificant,thestudyalsosuggeststhattheright

levelofbackgroundnoise—nottooloudandnottotalsilence—mayactuallyimproveone's

creativethinkingability.Therightlevelofbackgroundnoisemayinterruptournonnalpatternsof

thinkingjustenoughtoallowourimaginationslowander,withoutmakingitimpossibletofocus.

Thiskindof''distractedfbcus^^appearstobethebeststateforworkingoncreativetasks.

Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,we

can'tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers'conversationswhilewe'retryingtofocus.

Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatface-to-faceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreative

process,andyetaco-workingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealso

providingfreedomfrominterruptions.

35.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?

A.He'sanewsreporter.

B.He'sanofficemanager.

C.He,saprofessionaldesigner.

D.He'sapublishedwriter.

【答案】35.D

【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者通过自身经历讲述人们为什么不喜欢开放性办公室以及自关

多少分贝的噪音最有利于人们的创造性思维的研究。

35.推理判断题。根据第一段“Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaid

somethingIstillthinkaboutoften.（在一次采访我的一本竹时，我的采访者说了一些我至今还

经常想起的话。）”可知，作者提到有人采访自己的书，所以可以推断，作者是一位作家。

故选D项。

7.C12021•全国新高考I卷】

Whentheexplorersfirstscifootupon（hecontinentofNorthAmerica,（heskiesandlands

werealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthese

preciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswho

followedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Ndillionsofwaterfowl

（水禽）werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.

Millionsotacresotwetlandsweredriedtoteedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatly

reducingwaterfowlhabitat.

In1934,withthepassageoftheMigratoryBirdHuntingStampAct（Act）,anincreasingly

concernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedeslructionofmigratory（迁徙的）waterfowland

thewetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageand

overmustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.TheveryfirstFederalDuckStamp

wasdesignedbyJ.N."Ding"Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDesMoines,Iowa,whoatthat

timewasappointedbyPresidentFranklinRooseveltasDirectoroftheBureauofBiological

Survey.Hunterswillinglypaythestamppricetoensurethesurvivalofournaturalresources.

About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheNdigratoryBird

ConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatfbrinclusionintotheNational

WildlifeRefugeSystem—afactthatensuresthislandwillbeprotectedandavailablefbrall

generationstocome.Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundto

purchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramhas

beencalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconserxationprogramseverinitiated.291

30.WhatisadirectresultoftheActpassedin1934?

A.Thestamppricehasgonedown.B.Themigratorybirdshaveflownaway.

C.Thehuntershavestoppedhunting.D.Thegovernmenthascollectedmoney.

【答案】30.D

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于

农地和住房的急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎

者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到r用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而

保护了水禽。

30.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothat

Fundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.”可知,自1934年起，超过5亿美元进入

到了这个基金会，购买「超过500万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国

政府获得了大量的资金，故选D。

8.B【2020•全国新高考n山东卷】

JeniferMauerhasneededmorewillpowerthanthetypicalcollegestudenttopursuehergoal

ofearninganursingdegree.ThatwillpowerborefruitwhenJennifergraduatedfromUniversityof

Wisconsin-EauClaireandbecamethefirstinherlargefamilytocamabachelor'sdegree.

Mauer,ofEdgar.Wisconsin,grewuponafamiinafamilyof10children.Herdadworkedat

ajobawayfromthefann,andhermotherranthefarmwiththekids.Afterhighschool,Jennifer

attendedalocaltechnicalcollege,workingtopayhertuition（学费），becausetherewasnoextra

moneysetasidefbracollegeeducation.Aftergraduation,shev/orkedtohelphersistersand

brotherspayfbrtheirschooling.

Jenmternowismarriedandhasthreechildrenofherown.Shedecidedtogobacktocollege

toadvancehercareerandtobeabletobettersupportherfamilywhiledoingsomethingsheloves:

nursing.ShechosetheUW-EauClaireprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph'sHospitalinMarshfield

becauseshewasabletopursueherfour-yeardegreeclosetohome.Shecoulddrivetoclassandbe

homeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.JeniferreceivedgreatsupportfromherRimilyasshe

workedtocarherdegree:Herhusbandworkedtwojobstocoverthebills,andher68-year-old

motherhelpedtakecareofthechildrenattimes.

Throughitall,sheremainedingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwithhonors.Jennifer

sacrificed（牺4生）toachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportant

eventstostudy."Somenightsmyheartwasbreakingtohaveiopickbetweenmykidsand

studyingforexamsorpapers/*shesays.However,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlesson

witnessingtheirmothercamherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateandaninspiration

toherfamily-andthat'sprettypowerful.

7.WhatcanweleamfromJenif^fsstory?（）

A.Timeismoney.B.Lovebreaksdownbarriers.

C.Hardworkpaysoff.D.Educationisthekeytosuccess.

【答案】7.C

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jennifer在家里不能提供大学教育的情况

下，通过自己的努力，以及家人的帮助完成了四年学位。她的努力不仅让自己以优异的成绩

毕业，还给家人，尤其是她的三个孩子树立了榜样，让他们得到了激励。

7.C推理判断题。根据最后一段的Throughitall,sheremindingoodacademicstandingand

graduatedw讪honors.（虽然经历了这些，但她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩

毕业）和However,herchildrenhaveleaniedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmothereamher

degree.Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateandaninspirationtoherfamily-andthat'sthepretty

powerful.（然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中得到了更要的一课。Jennifer是第

一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励——这是非常强大的。）可知，Jennifer在艰苦的

环境中通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时也让家人得到了

激励。由此推测，我们可以从Jennifer的故事中学到：努力总会有回报。C.Hardworkpays

off.（努力会得到回报）符合以上说法，故选C项。

9.D【2020•全国新高考II山东卷】

AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeand

consumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontraryto

existingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlarge

portions（份），ifsthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.

Totesttheefleetofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwo

experiments.Inthefirst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabto

ostensibly（表面上）parlicipaieinastudyaboutmovieviewership.Beforethefilmbegan,each

womanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfood

first.Inhernaturalstate,theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecasessheworeaspecially

designedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto18（）pounds.

Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.Theparticipants

followedsuit,takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However,theytooksignificantly

morewhentheactorwasthin.

Forthesecondtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.

Intheothercase,shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest:theparticipants

followedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandywhenthethinactortook30pieces.

Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe'remaking

decisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtocatmore,sowillI.Callitthe"I'Hhavewhatshe's

having^^effect.However,welladjusttheinfluence.Ifanoverueighipersonishavingalarge

portion,I'llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsa

lot,I'llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan'tI?

14.Whydidtheresearchershiretheactor?

A.Toseehowshewouldafleettheparticipants.

B.Totestiftheparticipantscoaldrecognizeher.

C.Tofindoutwhatshewoulddointhetwotests.

D.Tostudywhyshecouldkeepherweightdown.

15.Onwhatbasisdowe“adjusttheinfluence”accordingtothelastparagraph?

A.Howhungrywcarc.B.Howslimwcwanttobe.

C.Howweperceiveothers.D.Howwefeelaboutthefood.

【答案】14.A15.C

【解析】本文是说明文。最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们

的食物摄入量。文章详述了这个实验的过程。

14.推理判断题。根据第二段的“Totesttheeftectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,the

researchersconductedtwoexperiments”口］'知，为了测试社会影晌对饮食习惯的影响，研究人

员进行了两个实验。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大

量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。然而，当演员是瘦的时候，参与者们服用

的食物更多。。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与者。故选A。

15.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I'llhold

backabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoncatsalot,Tilfollow

suit.Ifhecancatmuchandkeepslim,whycan,tI?”可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份,我

会忍住•点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果.但如果•个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如

果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？因此推断我们是根据我们对他人的看法（即：如

何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选C。

1（）.B【2020•全国新课标I】

Returningtoabookyou'vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.There'sa

welcomefamiliarity-butalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthattimehaschangedyouboth,and

thustherelationship.Butbooksdon,tchange,peopledo.Andthat'swhatmakestheactof

rereadingsorichandtransformative.

Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresent

mentalregister.It'strue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.Butwithreading,it'sall

aboutthepresent.It*saboutthenowandwhatonecontributestothenow,becausereadingisa

giveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.Eachhastopulltheirownweight.

TherearethreebooksIrereadannuallyThefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspringis

ErnestIlemningway'sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it'shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.

Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating（令人陶醉的），anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitious

yetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard'sHolytheFinn,herpoetic1975ramble（随笔）about

everythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortazar'sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,because

poetry.AndbecauseCortazar.

WhileIlendlobuyalotoibooks,ihcscihrccweregivenlomeasgifs,whichinighladdio

themeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,

rereadinganauthor'sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksarethe

onesthatopenfiirtherastimepasses.Butremember,it'syouthathastogrowandreadandreread

inordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.

24.Whydoestheauthorlikerereading?

A.Itevaluatesthewriter-readerrelationship.

B.It'sawindowtoawholenewworld.

C.It'sasubstitutetordrinkingwithafriend.

D.Itextendstheunderstandingofoneself.

25.WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeas!?

A.It'sabriefaccountofatrip.

B.It'saboutHemingway'slifeasayoungman.

C.It'sarecordofahistoricevent.

D.It'saboutHemingway'sfriendsinParis.

27.Whatcanwcinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?

A.Helovespoetry.

B.He'saneditor.

C.He'sveryambitious.

D.Heteachesreading.

【答案】24.D2