中考英语复习语法专项讲练06现在完成时含解析

PAGE现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时知识精讲知识精讲一、现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果或表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在。二、句子结构主语+has/have+done(过去分词)三、基本用法用法示例表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship.他已经获得了一份奖学金。Ihaven’tseenmuchofhimrecently.我最近已经很久没有看到他。表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在也许还要持续下去，常和for,since连用。Peterhaswrittensixpapersforthreeyears.三年内彼得已经写了六篇论文。Hehaslivedheresince2005.自从2005年以来，他一直住在这儿。四、时间状语1.yet(常用于否定或疑问句中),already(常用于肯定句中)2.since+过去时间点/过去时的从句（译为：自从……以来）3.for+时间段4.just,sofar,recently,never,ever,twice…5.inthepast/lastfewdays五、动词过去分词的规则变化情况变形示例一般情况加-edwork-workedvisit-visited以不发音字母e结尾加-dlive-lived辅音字母加y结尾把y变i，加-edstudy-studiedcry-cried重读闭音节结尾双写尾字母，再加-edstop-stoppeddrop-dropped六、动词过去分词的不规则变化：原形过去式过去分词AAA型bursthurtcuthitreadbursthurtcuthitreadbursthurtcuthitreadAAB型beatbeatbeatenABA型runcomerancameruncomeABB型bringbuycatchfeelfindkeepmaketeachtellthinkbroughtboughtcaughtfeltfoundkeptmadetaughttoldthoughtbroughtboughtcaughtfeltfoundkeptmadetaughttoldthoughtABC型beginbreakchoosedriveforgetgiveknowswimwritebeganbrokechosedroveforgotgaveknewswamwrotebegunbrokenchosendrivenforgottengivenknownswumwritten七、相关句式hashave主语第三人称单数第一/二人称单数/复数肯定式Hehasturnedthelightoff.Theyhavealreadyreadthisbook.否定式Hehasn’tturnedthelightoff.Theyhaven’treadthisbookyet.疑问式Hasheturnedthelightoff?Havetheyreadthisbookyet?简略回答Yes,shehas./No,shehasn’t.Yes,theyhave./No,theyhaven’t.肯定句：主语+has/have+done+其它.否定句：主语+has/have+not+done+其它.一般疑问句：Has/Have+主语+done+其它? 答语：Yes,主语+has/have./No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t八、瞬间动词和延续性动词之间的转换：在完成时中，一个瞬间动词不能直接与表示一段时间的状语(for,since等)连用。此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词：buy(bought)have

/

has

had

买

borrow

(borrowed)have

/

has

kept

借

die(died)have

/

has

been

dead

死

leave(left)have

/

has

been

away

(from)

离开

begin

(began)have

/

has

been

on

开始

join(joined)have

/

has

been

in

参加

go

(went)have

/

has

been

there

/

in

去

come/arrive/reach/get

tohave

/

has

been

here

/

in

来/达

end

(ended)have/has

been

over结束例：The

film

began

five

minutes

ago.

—The

film

has

been

on

for

five

minutes.

—It

has

been

five

minutes

since

the

film

began.

用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词

1.“be＋married”代替marry

2.“be＋ill”代替fall

(get)

ill

3.“be＋dead”代替die

4.“be＋asleep”代替fall

(get)

asleep

5.“be＋awake”代替wake/wake

up

6.“be＋gone”代替lose,die,sell,leave

7.“be＋open”代替open

8.“be

closed”代替close/shut用“be＋副词”代终止性动词

1.“be＋on”代替start,begin

2.“be＋up”代替get

up3.“be＋back(to)”代替return

to,come

back

to,go

back

to

4.“be

here

(there)”代替come(arrive,reach,get)

here或go

(arrive,reach,get)

there等等用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词

1.“be

in/at

+地点”代替go

to

/come

to

2.“用be

in

the

army”

代替join

the

army

3.“be

in/at

+地点”代替move

to

三点剖析三点剖析一、考点：现在完成时的基本用法和时间状语；以及动词过去分词的变化规则。二、易错点：hasgone(to);hasbeen(to);hasbeen(in)三者的区别。1.hasgoneto：表示某人已去了某地，（现未回来）（不可与for+一段时间连用）。例：—WhereisTom?汤姆在哪里？—HehasgonetoShanghai.他已经去了上海。2.hasbeento：表示去过某地，（现已回来）（不可与for+一段时间连用）。例：IhavebeentoNewYorkthreetimessofar.到目前为止，我已经去过纽约三次了。3.hasbeenin：表示一直呆在某地，常与时间段搭配。例：Ihavebeeninthearmyformorethan5years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。题模精选题模精选题模一：基本用法例1.1.1I_________already_________inthisschoolforthreeyears.A.was;studyingB.are;studyingC.will;studyD.have;studied例1.1.2I_________Englishsince2010.A.havelearntB.havelearnC.learntD.learn例1.1.3I_________mypencilyet.A.havefindB.haven’tfoundC.foundD.find例1.1.4Mr.Brownisn’tathome.He_________tohisoffice.A.hasbeenB.hasgoneC.hasgoD.went题模二：动词过去分词变化规则例1.2.1用动词的适当形式填空。1.She_________(live)inHubeifortwoyears.例1.2.2Youneedn’ttellhim.I_________(tell)himalready.例1.2.3We_________just_________(have)ourlunch.例1.2.4Peter_________(live)inhishometownsincehelefthere.例1.2.5They_________(notread)theinterestingbooksyet.题模三：句型转换例1.3.1Ihavebeentherefortwoyears.否定句：___________________________________疑问句：___________________________________肯定回答：___________________________________否定回答：___________________________________例1.3.2Myfatherhaslivedheresince2000.否定句：___________________________________疑问句：___________________________________肯定回答：___________________________________否定回答：___________________________________随堂练习随堂练习随练1.1ZhaoLan_________already_________inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studying随练1.2We_________XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew随练1.3Hisfather_________thePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin随练1.4—Ourcountry_________alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven_________.A.haschanged;wellB.changed;goodC.haschanged;betterD.changed;better随练1.5Hergrandfather_________fortwoyears.A.hasbeendeadB.hasdiedC.diedD.hasbeendied随练1.6用动词的适当形式填空。1.She’s_________(live)hereeversinceshewasten.2.Bothofthem_________(be)inHongKongfortendays.3.Halfanhour_________(pass)sincethetrain_________(leave).4.Marylostherpen._________you_________(see)ithereandthere?5._________you_________(find)yourwatchyet?6.Allofmyclassmatesarenotinclassroom.Maybethey_________(go)tothelibrary.随练1.7MissGreenisn’tintheoffice.She_______tothelibraryA.wentB.wasC.hasgoneD.hasbeen随练1.8句型转换1.I

have

ever

been

to

India

and

Russia.否定句：___________________________________疑问句：___________________________________肯定回答：___________________________________否定回答：___________________________________2.I’ve

worked

here

for

ten

years.否定句：___________________________________疑问句：___________________________________肯定回答：___________________________________否定回答：___________________________________3.Mike

has

already

found

his

watch.否定句：___________________________________疑问句：___________________________________肯定回答：___________________________________否定回答：___________________________________自我总结自我总结课后作业课后作业作业1—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade作业2TomandJack_________WestHillFarmalready.A.havegotB.havearrivedatC.havebeentoD.havereached作业3—Wherehaveyou_________,Kate?—I’ve_________tothebank.A.gone;goneB.been;beenC.gone;beenD.been;gone作业4Myparents_________Shandongfortenyears.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen作业5Hurryup!Theplay_____fortenminutes.A.hadbegunB.hasbeenonC.began.作业6用动词的适当形式填空。1.We_________already_________(return)thebook.2.Myfather_________(read)thisbooksinceyesterday.3.Jack_________(finish)hishomeworkalready.4.—Areyouthirsty?—No,I_________just_________(have)someorange.5.Myfather_________(read)thenoveltwice.6.—WhereisJim?—He_________(go)toEngland.作业7句型转换1.Linda

has

gone

to

the

teacher’s

office.否定句：___________________________________疑问句：___________________________________肯定回答：___________________________________否定回答：___________________________________2.I

have

already

seen

the

film.否定句：___________________________________疑问句：___________________________________肯定回答：___________________________________否定回答：___________________________________3.She

has

watched

the

film

twice.否定句：___________________________________疑问句：___________________________________肯定回答：___________________________________否定回答：___________________________________答案解析现在完成时现在完成时题模精选题模精选题模一：基本用法例1.1.1【答案】D【解析】考查现在完成时。already和for+时间段是现在完成时的时间状语。再由句意“我已经在这个学校学习了三年了。”可知，故选D。例1.1.2【答案】A【解析】考查现在完成时。since是现在完成时的时间状语。再由句意“自从2000年我就已经开始学英语了。”可知，故选A。例1.1.3【答案】B【解析】考查现在完成时。yet是现在完成时的时间状语，常用于否定句或疑问句中。再由句意“我还没有找到我的笔。”故选B。例1.1.4【答案】B【解析】考查现在完成时。has/havebeento去过某地，现已回；has/havegoneto去了某地，现未回。再由句意“布朗先生不在家，他去办公室来了。”可知，故选B。题模二：动词过去分词变化规则例1.2.1【答案】haslived【解析】考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。for+时间段是现在完成时的时间状语。live的过去分词形式为lived。故填haslived。例1.2.2【答案】havetold【解析】考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。already是现在完成时的时间状语。tell的过去分词形式为told。故填havetold。例1.2.3【答案】have;had【解析】考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。just是现在完成时的时间状语。have的过去分词形式为had。故填have;had。例1.2.4【答案】haslived【解析】考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。since是现在完成时的时间状语。live的过去分词形式为lived。故填haslived。例1.2.5【答案】haven’tread【解析】考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。yet是现在完成时的时间状语。read的过去分词形式为read。故填haven’tread。题模三：句型转换例1.3.1【答案】否定句：Ihaven’tbeentherefortwoyears.疑问句：Haveyoubeentherefortwoyears?肯定回答：Yes,Ihave.否定回答：No,Ihaven’t.【解析】考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句：主语+has/have+done+其它。否定句：主语+has/have+not+done+其它。疑问句：Has/Have+主语+done+其它?肯定回答：Yes,主语+has/have.否定回答：No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t.例1.3.2【答案】否定句：Myfatherhasn’tlivedheresince2000.疑问句：Hasyourfatherlivedheresince2000?肯定回答：Yes,hehas.否定回答：No,hehasn’t.【解析】考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句：主语+has/have+done+其它。否定句：主语+has/have+not+done+其它。疑问句：Has/Have+主语+done+其它?肯定回答：Yes,主语+was/were.否定回答：No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t.随堂练习随堂练习随练1.1【答案】C【解析】考查现在完成时。already和for+时间段是现在完成时的时间状语。故选C。随练1.2【答案】C【解析】考查现在完成时。since是现在完成时的时间状语。故选C。随练1.3【答案】D【解析】考查现在完成时。since是现在完成时的时间状语。故选D。随练1.4【答案】C【解析】考查现在完成时。sofar是现在完成时的时间状语。故选C。随练1.5【答案】A【解析】考查现在完成时。for+时间段是现在完成时的时间状语。故选A。随练1.6【答案】1.lived2.havebeen3.haspassed;left4.Have;seen5.Have;found6.havegone【解析】1.考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。since是现在完成时的时间状语。故填lived。2.考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。for+时间段是现在完成时的时间状语。故填havebeen。3.考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。since是现在完成时的时间状语。故填haspassed;left。4.考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。由句意可知玛丽丢了自己的笔，此事对现在造成影响，以至于问别人有没有看到。故填Have;seen。5.考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。yet是现在完成时的时间状语。故填Have;found。6.考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。由句意可知“同班同学已经去了图书馆”。故填havegone。随练1.7【答案】C【解析】现在完成时。随练1.8【答案】1.否定句：I

haven’t

ever

been

to

India

and

Russia.疑问句：HaveyoueverbeentoIndiaandRussia?肯定回答：Yes,Ihave.否定回答：No,Ihaven’t.2.否定句：Ihaven’t

worked

here

for

ten

years.疑问句：Haveyouworkedherefortenyears?肯定回答：Yes,Ihave.否定回答：No,Ihaven’t.3.否定句：Mike

hasn’t

found

his

watchyet.疑问句：HasMike

found

his

watchyet?肯定回答：Yes,hehas.否定回答：No,hehasn’t.【解析】1.考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句：主语+has/have+done+其它。否定句：主语+has/have+not+done+其它。疑问句：Has/Have+主语+done+其它?肯定回答：Yes,主语+has/have.否定回答：No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t.2.考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句：主语+has/have+done+其它。否定句：主语+has/have+not+done+其它。疑问句：Has/Have+主语+done+其它?肯定回答：Yes,主语+has/have.否定回答：No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t.3.考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句：主语+has/have+done+其它。否定句：主语+has/have+not+done+其它。疑问句：Has/Have+主语+done+其它?肯定回答：Yes,主语+has/have.否定回答：No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t.作业1【答案】B【解析】考查现在完成时。since是现在完成时的时间状语。故选B。作业2【答案】D【解析】考查现在完成时。already是现在完成时的时间状语。故选D。作业3【答案】B【解析】考查现在完成时。has/havebeento去过某地现已回，再由句意可知，故选A。作业4【答案】A【解析】考查现在完成时。has/havebeenin待在某地，可以跟一段时间连用。再由句意可知，故选B。作业5【答案】C【解析】时态，根据fortenminutes可知表示动词的持续，故选择用持续性动词beenon，选项C正确。作业6【答案】1.have;returned2.