定语从句学案

【学习重难点】关系代词和关系副词的选用定义：定语从句：在复合句中用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。e.g.Pleasepassmethebookwhichislyingonthetable.（限制性定从）Myparentstreatmeasababy,whichIcan’tbear.（有逗号，非限制性定从）先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。关系代词、关系副词：引导定语从句的词引导词先行词充当成分是否可省略关系代词thatsb./sth.主、宾、表作宾语可省略whichsth.主、宾、定作宾语可省略whosb.主、宾作宾语可省略whomsb.宾语可省whosesb./sth.定语否assb./sth.主、宾、表作宾语可省略关系副词=介词+关代where地点词地点状语否when时间词时间状语否whythereason原因状语否【注意】1.whose:在定语从句中，whose+n.(名词)常可用“the+n.(名词)+of+关系代词”代替。I

will

talk

to

the

students

whosehomework/thehomeworkofwhomhasn’tbeendone2.as与which均可引导非限定性定语从句，有时可以互换，但也存在区别：说明例句与such或thesame连用时，一般用asSuchmoneyasheearnedwasspentonbooks.他挣得那些钱被花在了买书上。as引导的从句可放句首，表“正如……”Asweallknow,theearthisround.正如我们所知道的，地球是圆的。当as在从句中作主语时，后常接被动语态Shehasbeenabsentagain,asisexpected.她又缺席了，这在预料之中。当定从是否定句或表否定时只能用whichMyparentstreatmeasababy,whichIcan’tbear.我父母总是像对待小孩子一样对我，这是我受不了的。【只用that不用which】当先行词是all,everything,anything,nothing,much,little,none,one等不定代词时；当先行词前面被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时；当先行词既有人又有物时；当先行词被theonly,thelast,thevery修饰时；当先行词是序数词或被序数词、最高级修饰时，先行词只用that不用which。【只用who不用that】

当先行词为人称代词

he,

she,

they

或指人的不定代词one(s),

anyone,

nobody

等时；

当先行为指示代词

those，或先行词是those所修饰的人时(thosegirls)；

当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时；当先行词是

people

或是表示人的集体名词时，先行词只用who不用that。二、如何选择关系代词和关系副词？选择哪种关系词要根据先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分。例：Thisisthecitywhich/thatIvisitedlastyear.本句中先行词是thecity，若放入定语从句Ivisitedlastyear中，则充当visited的宾语，因为visit是及物动词，变成：Ivisitedthecitylastyear.替代它的关系词也应该做宾语，故选择关系代词that/which。Lookatthecitywhereyoustayedlastyear.本句中先行词也是thecity，但是定语从句中stay是不及物动词，后面不接宾语。从句中已有了主语you，所以不要选择关系代词，而应选择关系副词在从句中做状语。再根据先行词thecity是表示地点的词，故选择where做地点状语。【当堂达标】I.分析句子（要求：1.用括号把定语从句括起来2.填空）Thosewhowanttogoswimmingpleasesignyournameshere.先行词________引导词充当成分________是否可省略________Theschoolwherewestudiedforthreeyearsisonekilometerawayfromhere.先行词________引导词充当成分________是否可省略________Thehousewhoseroofwasblownawaybythestormwillberebuiltsoon.先行词________引导词充当成分________是否可省略________Wedon’tknowthereasonwhyhelookssoupset.先行词________引导词充当成分________是否可省略________Thisisthevillagewherethefamoussingerwasbroughtup.先行词________引导词充当成分________是否可省略________Let’stalkaboutthemodelstudentwhom/whoweshouldlearnfrom.先行词________引导词充当成分________是否可省略________IwillneverforgetthoseyearswhenIstudiedinJuniorHigh.先行词________引导词充当成分________是否可省略________Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.先行词________引导词充当成分________是否可省略________Isthereanythingelsethatyou’dliketosharewithus?先行词________引导词充当成分________是否可省略________ThedaywhenIcameherewasAug.30.先行词________引导词充当成分________是否可省略________II.用正确的关系代词或关系副词填空1.Thissmallvillageistheplace_____________myfatheroncelived.2.Thissmallvillageistheplace_____________myfatheroncevisited.3.Istillrememberthedays_____________westudiedinJuniorHigh.4.Istillrememberthedays_____________wespentinJuniorHigh.5.Thefactory_____________myfatherworksisverybig.6.Thefactory_____________isnearmyhomeisverybig.7.Thereason_____________Tomwaslateisunknowntous.8.Thereason_____________Tomtolduscanbeacceptable.III.单句语法填空1.Thisisthethirdapple____________shehaseatenintheafternoon.2.Thisisthepark_____________weheldabirthdayparty.3.MissWangistakingcareofthechild_____________parentshavegonetoBeijing.4.Doyouworknearthebuilding__________colourisyellow?5.Thisisthebestfilm___________Ihaveeverseen.6.Ilikethebooks_____________werewrittenbyGuoJingming.7.Isthereanything_____________youwantinthisshop?8.Thatisthereason_____________Ididthejob.9.Thisistheonly/verything_____________Icandotosolvethetrickyproblem.10.Thefactory_____________hisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.11.Iwilltakeyoutothenewmuseum_____________youcanseethenewest3Dprinter.12.That’sall_____________Iwanttosay.13.That’sthedate_____________shewon’tforgetforever.14.Iliveinthehouse__________windowsfacesouth.15.Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironment_____________theylive.16.Jacktalkedaboutafewpeopleandthings_____________hehadseenabroad.17.Hisparentswouldn’tallowhimtomarryanyone_____________familywaspoor.18.Iwillalwaysremembertheday_____________IfirstvisitedtheGreatWall.19.Thisisthehospital_____________Iwasborn.20.Thereason_____________hedidnotgotoschoolisunknown.IV.合并句子（要求：将①②两句话合并为定语从句)1.①Theboyismycousin.②Italkedtotheboy.Theboy____________________ismycousin.2.①Icanshowyouaroundthehouse.②Ioncelivedinthehouse.Icanshowyouaroundthehouse________________________.3.①Theboyisoneofmybestfriends.②Theboy’sfatherisaprofessor.Theboy_______________________isoneofmybestfriends.4.①Wevisitedabeautifulpalace. ②Theroofsofthepalacearered.Wevisitedabeautifulpalace___________________________.5.①Thedaysaregone. ②Wewerecarefreechildren.Thedays_________________________aregone.V.完成句子1.我发现了一些对我们有好处的书。Ihavefoundsomebooks___________________________.2.他是唯一一个经常迟到的学生。Heistheonlystudent___________________________.3.正如我们所知，我们能够指望他。_________________________,Wecancountonhim.4.店主将这条金子制成的项链递给她。Theshopkeeperhandedthenecklace_______________________________overtoher.5.我永远不会忘记第一次遇见他的那天。I’llneverforgettheday____________________.(meet)6.她住在一个窗户破了的房子里。Shelivedinahouse__________________________.(break)7.他谈论了他记得的在学校的人和事。Hetalkedaboutpersonsandthings_________________(remember)intheschool.8.一般来说，我们喜欢那些在课堂上积极的学生们。Generallyspeaking,welikethose_____________________________.(active)9.我很遗憾，在医生来之前，这是我唯一可以采取的措施。I’msorrybutthisistheonlymeasure________________________beforetheteacheres.(take)10.你最好在有问题的地方做一个标记。You’dbettermakeamark__________________________________________.(problem)VI.语篇填空Therewasatime1.______IwastiredoflearningEnglishanddislikedtospeakEnglish.Andthisisthereason2.________myfatherforcedmetojoinina30­daytraininginanEnglishclubbeforeIwenttoseniorhighschool.WhenIfirstcametotheclub,Imissedmyparentsverymuch.SoIpackedupmythingsandwantedtogohome.Fortunately,myteachermunicatedwithmefacetoface,from3.________Igainedsomeusefulinstructions.Healsoshowedmeagoo