2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit3Theworldofscience泛读技能初养成教案外研版必修第三册

PAGE1-Unit3Theworldofscience阅读Reading2的材料，选出最佳选项1．WhoprovedtheFranklin'sexperimentwasnottrue?A．Franklinhimself. B．Hisneighbors.C．Somescientists. D．Somestudents.2．Whichstoryhasalsobeenmentionedandquestioned?A．Franklin'slifestory.B．Franklin'sworkasascientist.C．Newton'stheoryofgravity.D．Lightningmadebyelectricity.3．Fromthefirsttwoparagraphs，whatdoweknowabouttheexperiment?A．OnlyFranklinwantedtoknowtherelationbetweenelectricityandlightning.B．Franklintaughtmanychildrenabouthisfindingsindifferentschools.C．PeoplehadalreadyknownthecauseoflightningbeforeFranklin'sexperiment.D．AsascientistFranklinwasadmiredforhisattitudetoscience.4．WhatpeopleareinspiredforinFranklin'sstory?A．Hisbraveryandapproach.B．Thekitewithakeytiedtothestring.C．Thestormyweatherwithlightning.D．Histouchingonthemetalkey.5．InwhichaspectFranklin'sexperimentwasNOTtrue?A．Hisstoryandthedetailsoftheexperiment.B．Hisbraveryandhisscientificapproach.C．Thekeytiedtothestringofthekite.D．Hisdeathfromtheelectricshock.6．WhatdoweknowabouttheNewton'sstory?A．Thescientistsdidn'tseetheapplefallingonNewton'shead.B．Scientistsliketoquestioneverythingaroundthem.C．NoonecanprovetheapplereallyhitNewtononthehead.D．ThefallingappleinspiredNewtontothinkdeeplyaboutwhy.[答案]1－6CCDAADWordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(学问要点1)instancen．例子，实例(教材P29)Forinstance，somerestaurantsinLondonhaveserved3D­printedhamburgerstocustomers.例如，在伦敦，一些餐馆已经向顾客供应3D打印出来的汉堡了。[例1]Inmanyinstancespeoplewereleftwithoutanymoneyatall.在许多状况下，人们会落到身无分文的地步。[例2]Whatwouldyoudo，forinstance，ifyoufoundamemberofstaffstealing?比如说，假如你发觉有职员偷东西，你会怎么办？[造句]许多地方都有了改进，比如鼠标的两个按键。Thereareanumberofimprovements；forinstance，themousebuttons.[学问拓展]forinstance 例如；譬如inthefirstinstance 首先；第一步atsb.'sinstance 经某人恳求；在某人的敦促下[即学即练]单句语法填空①Inmostinstances(instance)，therewillbenoneedforfurthertreatment.②Inthefirstinstanceyourchildwillbeseenbyanear，nose，andthroatspecialist.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点2)injurev．损害；使受伤；损害；损害(名誉、自尊等)(教材P29)Anditisnotjusthumanswhoarebenefiting—inBrazil,peoplehavegivenanew3D­printedshelltoaturtleinjuredinaforestfire!并且不仅仅是人类正在受益，在巴西，人们已经给一只在森林大火中受伤的海龟换上了一个3D打印出来的龟壳。[例1]Toomuchsmokingwillinjurethevoice.吸烟太多会损害嗓音。[例2]Threepeoplewerekilledandfiveinjuredinthecrash.撞车事故中有三人死亡，五人受伤。[造句]这会严峻损害学校的声誉。Thiscouldseriouslyinjuretheschool'sreputation.[学问拓展]injuryn． 损害；损伤；受伤处injuredadj. 受伤的theinjured 受伤的人[即学即练]单句语法填空①Theinjury(injure)wasquitepainfulandIcouldn'tmovemyarmforamonth—Ihatedthat.②Thewomaninjured(injury)inthecarcrashisstillundertreatmentinhospital.[小片段填空]Aninjuredmanwastakentothehospital，wherethedoctorsfoundhesufferedsevereinjuriestotheheadandarmsandtheywonderedwhohadinjuredhim.一个受伤的人被送到了医院，在那里医生发觉他的头部和胳膊都受到了严峻的损害，他们想知道是谁损害了他。eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点3)(教材P30)AmountainontheMoonandaminorplanetarenamedafterhim.月球上的一座山和一个小星球都是以他的名字命名的。(1)minoradj.次要的；不重要的；小的[例1]Therearesomeveryminorchangesinwordsandpunctuation.在用词与标点方面有一些特别小的改变。[例2]Theremaybesomeminorchangestotheschedule.时间支配或许会有些小小的变动。[造句]在这个组织中，这位老师发挥着相对次要的作用。Theteacherplayedarelativelyminorroleintheorganization.[学问拓展]minorityn． 少数；少数民族intheminority 占少数[即学即练]单句语法填空①Britishhouseholdswhodonothaveacarareonlyintheminority(minor)．②Writinganarticleabouttwoethnicminorities(minority)．[小片段填空]Thereare55minoritiesinourcountryandtherearesomeminordifferencesbetweenthem.Thatistosay，thedifferencesbetweenthemareintheminority．我们国家有55个少数民族，他们之间有一些较小的差异。也就是说他们之间的差异占少数。(2)benamedafter以……命名[例1]Billwasbornafterhisfatherdiedonemonthlaterandwasnamedafterhisfather.比尔在父亲去世后一个月诞生，以其父亲的名字命名。[例2]Hisnamewillremainunforgotten，forthegreatestbuildingwasnamedafterhim.他的名字不会被遗忘，因为那座雄伟的建筑是以他的名字命名的。[造句]这座桥是用那位献出了生命的英雄的名字命名的。Thebridgewasnamedaftertheherowhogavehislife.[学问拓展]inthenameof 以……的名义；代表underthename(of) 用……的别名[即学即练]单句语法填空①Therearemanyschoolsandhospitalsnamed(name)afteragreatmanShaoYifu.②Iwouldliketogiveyousomeadviceinthenameofafriend.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点4)apartfrom除……之外(教材P32)Apartfrombeingasuccessfulstatesman，hewasalsowellknownasaleadingAmericanauthor，printerandpublisher，successfuldiplomat，creativescientistandinventor.除了是个胜利的政治家以外，富兰克林也因为下面的身份而知名：一流的美国作家，印刷和出版商，胜利的外交家，有创意的科学家和独创家。[例1]Apartfromprovidingwarmth，whatwasfireusedfor?除了供应暖和之外，火还是用来做什么的？[例2]Thisessayisgoodapartfromacoupleofspellingmistakes.除了有些拼法错误，这篇文章写得不错。[造句]除足球外你还喜爱哪些运动？Whatothersportsdoyoulikeapartfromfootball?[学问拓展]apartfrom具有双重含义，既可以相当于except(for)/but，意为“除……以外，没有……，”又可以相当于besides/inadditionto，意为“除……以外，还有……”。inaddition/besides另外，此外tell...apart区分开……[即学即练]单句语法填空①Apartfromcaring(care)forherchildren，shehastotakeonsomeheavytime­consuminghousework.②It'seasytotellmypillsapartbecausethey'realldifferentcolours.eq\a\vs4\al(学问要点5)attachvt.系；贴；连接(教材P32)Ametalkeywasattachedtothestring.一个金属钥匙被拴在了绳子上。[例1]Heattachedastamptotheenvelope.他在信封上贴了张邮票。[例2]They'veattachedanumberofconditionstotheagreement.他们在协议上附加了一些条件。[造句]他把马拴在了树上小睡了一会儿。Heattachedhishorsetoatreeandtookanap.[学问拓展]attachmentn． 附件，依恋beattachedto 固定在……；依恋；附属于attachimportanceto 重视[即学即练]单句语法填空①Weshouldattachimportancetolearning(learn)basicskills.②Peoplewithdisabilitiescangoanywhereusinghigh­techcamerasattached(attach)totheirhead.[小片段填空]TheyoungboyisstudyingintheSeniorhighthatisattachedtoShandongUniversity.HeattachesgreatimportancetolearningbiologyandhopestobecomeascientistasTuYouyou.Everydayheattachessomesmallpiecesofpapertohisdeskwheretherearemanykeypointsfromthetextbook.这个男孩子在山东高校附属中学读书，他很重视生物的学习，想当一名像屠呦呦那样的科学家。每天他都把课本上的学问点写在小纸片上，然后贴在书桌上。SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重点句式1)make＋宾语十宾补结构(教材P32)Forexample，thetitle“Franklin'sExperiment：HowMuchIsTrue？”makesitclearwhatquestionisbeingansweredwithintheessay.例如题目“富兰克林的试验：真实性有多少？”表明白文章里面要回答的问题。句式分析：makeitclear是“make＋宾语十宾补”结构的一种特别形式，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为宾补后的that从句。[例1]Thepoliceofficermadeitclearthattheywerelettinghimgoonthegroundthathewastooold.警官明确表示，他们让他走的理由是他年纪太大了。[例2]Ihavetomakeitclearthatwehaveonekeyproblem：thatistechnology.我想说清晰一点，我们的关键问题是技术问题。[造句]我想明确地说明我和这事没关系。I'dliketomakeitclearthatIhadnothingtodowiththis.[学问拓展]“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”是一个常用句式。make后的宾语是不定式或that从句或动名词，宾语补足语是形容词或名词，假如宾语较长，且宾语后面有补语时，这时往往把形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上，把真正的宾语放在后面。与make用法相同的常用动词还有：find，feel，think，consider等。该句型为：make/find/feel/think/consider＋it＋adj./n.＋that­clause/(forsb.)todosth.[翻译]①Wethinkitnotrightthatachildshouldbeleftaloneinthehouse.(认为是不对的)②Wefounditdifficulttoexplaintohimwhathappened.(觉得困难)[即学即练]单句语法填空①Wemustmakeitadutytoprotectourcommonglobalenvironment.②Therainmadeitmoredifficultforustofinish(finish)theworkontime.eq\a\vs4\al(重点句式2)neither...nor...既不……也不……(教材P33)However，neitherthestorynorthedetailsoftheexperimentareentirelytrue.然而故事和试验的细微环节都不完全真实。句式分析：neither...nor...表示“既不……也不……”。其含义是否定的，可连接随意两个并列的成份。[例1]Neitherdadnormumisathometoday.今日父母都不在家。[例2]Shelikesneitherbutternorcheese.她既不喜爱黄油也不喜爱乳酪。[造句]他既不知道也不关切发生了什么。Heneitherknowsnorcareswhathappened.[学问拓展](1)当neither...nor...连接两个主语时，也应遵循“就近原则”。(2)若将neither...nor...句型变为确定句，只需把neither...nor...改为both...and...即可，同时谓语动词必需用复数形式。(3)还可以单独运用neither作主语，表示“两者中没有一个”。(4)neither或nor还有另外一种用法，就是当表达一个人没有做某事，另一个人也没做同一类事时，可用neither或nor进行简略回答。其结构为：Neither/Nor＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语。[翻译]①Neitherofthemlikesfootball.(他俩任何一个都不)②Ihaven'tbeentomyfather'shometownandneitherhasmysister．(我姐姐也没有)[即学即练]单句语法填空①Ihadn'tbeentoNewYorkbeforeandneitherhadJane.②Hecannotseeandnorcouldhehearuntilonemonthago.推理推断题(1)提分技巧：推理推断题中也含有对细微环节的理解，考查的内容虽然也属于原文细微环节，但它要求考生在原文的基础上对文章信息进行分析、理解、推断，立足于由已知推断未知。首先要定位信息。通过速读找到题目和文章中相对应的信息点；其次是字面理解。理解相关信息点的字面意思；最终是深层理解。结合语境和常识，在理解字面意思的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。细微环节推断题的答案不能在文章中干脆找到，但推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中找寻并确定可推理的依据，进行正向或逆向思索，推断出隐含的深层含义，推断时要做到推断有据，推论有理。切忌主观臆断、过度推断、错误推断和以细微环节代替推断。[典例](2024·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解C节选)Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears，butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter­gatherers，small，tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10，000yearsago，whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople，theyspokeperhaps12，000languagesbetweenthem28．Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter­gatherertimes?A．Theydevelopedveryfast.B．Theywerelargeinnumber.C．Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D．Theywerecloselyconnected.B[依据本段最终一句“Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10，000yearsago，whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople，theyspokeperhaps12，000languagesbetweenthem.”可推知，在狩猎时代，人口少，语言种类却许多，故选B。][即学即练]请快速找出下面段落中的针对该题目的推理信息。Attheageof4，IbeganattendingthechoiratSt.JamesChurch.Mymotherdecidedthatjoiningthechoirwouldprovidemewithmusicalinstruction.IwasinitiallyjoinedbyalotofkidsatSt.James，makingchoirafun，socialtask，butasIgrewolder，onebyone，myfriendsbegandroppingout.St.JameswassituatedontheUpperEastSide，oneofthefanciestareasinNewYork，whileIcamefromtheBrooklynneighborhoodofBushwick.Somechildrenatthechoirproudlyshowedoffthesignsoftheirgoodeducationwhosecostwasnearlyasmuchasmymother'syearlywage，whileIworemyuniformofjeansandaT­shirt.TheyknewmeasthegirlfromBrooklyn，thechoristerwhowenttopublicschool.Thisdiscrepancy(差异)mademeveryuncomfortable.Ibeggedmymomtoletmefollowthepathofmyfriends，butshe