高一名词性定语从句Hayley

高一英语名词性定语从句整理-Hayley概念1.了解句子成分Thestructureofthesentence（句子结构）Lily,mysister,isagoodgirl,and__she__likesmusic.SubjectAppositionVerbPredicativeSubjectVerbObjectConclusion:Anouncanbeasubject,object,predicativeandappositionofasentence.(在一个句子中，名词可以充当主语，宾语，表语和同位语)2.名词性从句概念在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses）名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。（复合句意思就是含有两个或更多的主谓结构的句子，也就是经常我们所说的句子中又含有从句这种形式，例如英语中三大从句，主语从句，定语从句，状语从句，都是复合句）名词性从句的连接词（Conjunctions）Hayley将其分为两类（请参见课上讲的结构图）1.连接连词that,whether,if不充当从句的任何成分）只起连接作用that引导名词性从句时，表示某一事实，也能表示某人的观点，意见，动作等,that无意义,有时可省,引导一般陈述句。whether,if等引导名词性从句时，有意义,表“是否”,引导一般疑问句.注意：划线部分为that与whether/if的区别Eg.①Theradioannouncedsomething.Themistwouldbecomeathickfog.(陈述句)→Theradioannouncedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfog.②Shewondered.Wouldthebusesstillberunning?（疑问句）→Shewonderedwhether/ifthebusesstillberunning.（这里变成陈述句）2.疑问词（Questionwords）在句子中不仅起到连接作用，在从句中还充当成分。①连接代词：what/whatever,who/whoever,whom,which.不仅起到连接一个句子的作用，同时也充当从句的主.宾.表.成分。②连接副词：when,where,how,why做状语。练习：1.______makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.A.WhatB.WhoC.WhichD.that答案：A2.______Icanpaybackthehelpthatpeoplegivememakesmeveryhappy.A.WhereB.WhatC.ThatD.How答案：C名词性从句的分类（参见课上讲的结构图）主语从句（在另外一个句子中做主语的句子叫主语从句）。引导词:that,whether,疑问词Thatheisstillaliveisunbelievable.Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.注意：形式主语it有时候为了平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻，或者是为了强调，常用it来做形式主语，把that引导的主语从句放到后面Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.ItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman-madeearthsatelliteintoorbit.It’sapitythatwecan’tgo.常用句型：It’slikely/possible/important/necessary/clearthat…很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…it’s+adj.+that+主从It’ssaid/reportedthat…据说/据报道…it’s+过去分词+that+主从It’sapity/afactthat…it’s+名词+that+主从2.宾语从句（另一个句子中做宾语的句子叫宾语从句）。宾语从句在句中充当宾语成分（可以作谓语动词、介词、形容词等的宾语）Ithink(that)Englishiseasytolearn.Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.疑问词引导情况1）.Idon’tknow_________broketheglassyesterday.（who）2）Weshouldpayattentionto______theteacherissaying.(what)某些作表语的形容词，如:sure,happy,glad,certain等之后也可带宾语从句。例如：Iamsurethathewillsucceed.注意：形式宾语it在某些复合宾语的句式中，也常用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句放在后面。格式：主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)Wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay.表语从句（在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后如look,seem,prove,be.Eg.Theproblemisthatherparentscouldn’tacceptme.引导表语从句的连词:that,whether,疑问词,asif(好像)/asthough,becauseeg.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry注意：1）主语是reason时，表语从句不可用why或者because引导，只能用that.Thereasonwhy….isthat+表语从句2）用because引导的表语从句仅限于以下一个句型This/That/Itisbecause(that)….练习：1.Thisis______shewasborn.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what2.Thequestionis______wecan’tgotheretoday.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when3.Thereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis_______hehasneverwastedhistime.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.what答案：AAC4.同位语从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（idea；belief；fact；possibility;hope;truth；problem；news等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明.同位语从句常用that不用which,引导或用连接副词when/where/why/how/whetherEg.Thenewsthatourteamwonthefirstprizeexcitedallofus.判断同位语从句与定语从句练习1.：由that引导的同位语从句和引导的定语从句的区别。1）.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed.定语2）WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaagain.同位语练习2：1）.Weallknowthetruth_____theearthgoesroundthesun.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether2)Weheardthenews______ourteamhadwon.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where3).Theproblem______itisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided.A.whichB.thatC.whetherD.if.答案：ABC四：名词性从句考点归纳考点一：连接词的区分(是否在从句中充当成分）考点二：语序为陈述句考点三：that省略情况that的省略情况：1.单个的谓语动词后宾语从句中连词that可以省略。其他从句一般不可省。介词后名词性从句一般不用that引导,但in,except,but,besides除外2.但由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that不省略.Hetoldme（that）hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.3.Make,find,feel,consider等这些词的后面用it作形式宾语时，that不省略。IfinditnecessarythatweshouldstudyEnglish.考点四：区别that,whether/if考点五：只用whether不用if情况.只用whether不用if的情况有：1.从句中有or或ornot;2.与不定式搭配；3.引导主语，表语，同位语从句4.介词后5.discuss后面考点六：区别that,what与which1.that与what的区别Whathesaidmakesmehappy.Thatanewteacherwillcomeistruethat只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任何成分,且在宾语从句中有时可省。what既起连接作用,又在从句中作主语,宾语,表语(且在名词性从句中只有what可作表语）练习：1.____wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.2.Chinaisnolonger____itusedtobe.3.Theproblemis_____wecan’tfinishtheworkintime.答案：1.what,what2.what3.that2.what(什么)/which(表选择,哪一个What无范围；Which有范围练习：---Doyouknow_______MrBlack’saddressis?---HemayliveatNo.18orNo.19ofBridgeStreet.I’mnotsureof_______.2.Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter______itwas?答案：what,which,which考点七：it作形式主语或形式宾语考点八：区别what/whatever,与who/whoever1.__________wassaidheremustbe