河南省天一大联考2024-2025学年高三上学期1月期末英语答案

第1页/共1页绝密★启用前大联考2024—2025学年(上)高三年级期末检测英语考生注意：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inastore.B.Athome.C.Inarestaurant.2.Whendoesthemanplantoreachthecinema?A.At6:40.B.At6:50.C.At7:00.3.Howdidthemanfinallyarrive?A.Onfoot.B.Bytaxi.C.Bybus.4.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Bossandemployee.B.Doctorandpatient.C.Professorandstudent.5.Whatarethespeakersdoingnow?A.Watchingafootballgame.B.Havingaparty.C.Discussingaplan.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Fromwhomdidthemangetthenews?A.Anne.B.Max.C.Cynthia.7.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthewoman?A.Shefeelsexcitedtogetapayrise.B.Sheisn’twillingtoleaveherpresentjob.C.Shehatesthosewhospreadnewsaround.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whydoesthemantalkwiththewoman?AToaskaboutsportsfacilitiesoncampus.B.Tosignupforthefootballclub.C.Tohelppromoteanactivity.9.Whatdoesthewomanrequirethemantodo?A.Completeaform.B.Showhiscertificate.C.Comearoundlater.10.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Callagaininoneweek.B.Designaselectionplan.C.Waitforfurthernotice.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.What’sthemosturgentthingfortheman?A.Bookingameetingroom.B.Preparingpresentsforcustomers.C.Contactingsomecustomers.12.Howwillthewomaninformothersofthemeeting?A.Byletter.B.Byemail.C.Byphone.13.Whatwillthemandonextmonth?A.Giveapresentation.B.GotoGermany.C.Reviseaproject.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatdidthemandointhedowntown?A.Hedidsomeshopping.B.Hevisitedamuseum.C.Hewenttoaconcert.15.Whatwasthemostimpressiveaccordingtotheman?A.Thedances.B.Thecostumes.C.Thefeelings.16.Whatdoesthemanthinkoftheticketprice?A.Itistoohigh.B.Itisreasonable.C.Itislow.17.Howdoesthewomansoundattheendoftheconversation?A.Interested.B.Shocked.C.Doubtful.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.WhatwillpeopledoonWorldLaughterDay?A.Laughwithothers.B.Invitefriendstodinner.C.Visitlaughterclubs.19.WheredidthefirstWorldLaughterDaytakeplace?A.InDenmark.B.InIndia.C.InAmerica.20.WhatisLaughterYogagoodfor?A.Physicalandmentalhealth.B.Formationofgoodcharacters.C.Interpersonalrelationships.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ALibrariescangivepeopleknowledge,andvisitingthemcanbeanenjoyableexperience.Belowaresomefineonesintheworld.MediathequeSandroPenna—Perugia,ItalyThebuilding,whichwasfinishedin2004andshowcasesaspace-agedesign,isthecreationofItaloRota,anarchitectinMilan.Itspinkglassontheoutsideglows(发光)atnight.Inside,there’salsoatouchofcolorgivenbyfurnitureinthechildren’sarea.Soundinsulation(隔音)helpscreateanenvironmentperfectforreadingandstudy.AdmontAbbeyLibrary—Admont,AustriaSituatedontheEnnsRiverinsoutheastAustria,thelibraryofAdmontAbbey,constructedin1776,isbreathtakinginitsbeauty.BaroquearchitectJosephHueberwastaskedwithdevelopingthedesignforthehall.Impressiveingoldandwhitecolors,thelibraryiscrownedwithsevendomes(穹顶)whoseceilingspacerepresentsdifferentphasesofhumanknowledge.Handelingenkamer—TheHague,TheNetherlandsTheHandelingenkamerlibrary,constructedattheendofthe19thcentury,maybelongtotheDutchParliament(议会),butitseye-catchingRenaissancedesignwasactuallycreativelyinfluencedbytheartofChina.Thiscanbeseeninitsred,greenandgoldcoloraswellasthedragonheadsdottingthewallsandtheshapesformedbytheironwork.Meanwhile,thisbeautyistoppedwithaglassdomethatallowsnaturallighttofillthespace,makingiteasyforvisitorstoreadduringtheday.WiblinglenAbbeyLibrary—Ulm,GermanyIfyouwanttofindatrulyamazinglibrary,avisittoWiblinglenAbbeyLibraryprobablywon’tdisappoint.NativepainterFranzMartinKühn’sgorgeousceilingpaintingstopabrightlycolored,andcomplicatedlydecoratedspacethatwasdesignedbyChristianWiedemannandissaidtobefamousthroughoutsouthernGermanyforitsRococostyle.Itwascompletedin1744.1.WhowillbeinterestedinMediathequeSandroPenna?A.Adultswhowanttoreadinaquietplace.B.Childrenwhopreferstudyingunderglassdomes.C.HistorianswhospecializeinstudyingRenaissance.D.Architectswhoareenthusiasticabouthistoricalbuildings.2.WhatdoesthetextsayaboutHandelingenkamer?A.Itfeaturesaroundreddome.B.IthasadesigninfluencedbyChineseart.C.Itwasdecoratedbyafamousnativepainter.D.ItwascompletedwiththehelpoftheDutchParliament.3.Whichlibraryhasthelongesthistory?A.AdmontAbbeyLibrary. B.Handelingenkamer.C.MediathequeSandroPenna. D.WiblinglenAbbeyLibrary.【答案】1.A2.B3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个图书馆的特色以及历史。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Soundinsulation(隔音)helpscreateanenvironmentperfectforreadingandstudy.(隔音有助于创造一个完美的阅读和学习环境)”可知，想在安静的地方阅读的成年人会对桑德罗·佩纳媒体中心感兴趣。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“TheHandelingenkamerlibrary,constructedattheendofthe19thcentury,maybelongtotheDutchParliament(议会),butitseye-catchingRenaissancedesignwasactuallycreativelyinfluencedbytheartofChina.(Handelingenkamer图书馆建于19世纪末，可能属于荷兰议会，但其引人注目的文艺复兴设计实际上受到了中国艺术的创造性影响)”可知，Handelingenkamer的设计受到中国艺术的影响。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thebuilding,whichwasfinishedin2004andshowcasesaspace-agedesign,isthecreationofItaloRota,anarchitectinMilan.(这座建筑于2004年完工，展示了太空时代的设计风格，是米兰建筑师伊塔洛·罗塔的作品)”；第三段“SituatedontheEnnsRiverinsoutheastAustria,thelibraryofAdmontAbbey,constructedin1776,isbreathtakinginitsbeauty.(建于1776年的阿德蒙特修道院图书馆坐落在奥地利东南部的恩斯河上，美得令人叹为观止)”；第四段“TheHandelingenkamerlibrary,constructedattheendofthe19thcentury,maybelongtotheDutchParliament(议会),butitseye-catchingRenaissancedesignwasactuallycreativelyinfluencedbytheartofChina.(Handelingenkamer图书馆建于19世纪末，可能属于荷兰议会，但其引人注目的文艺复兴设计实际上受到了中国艺术的创造性影响)”以及最后一段“Itwascompletedin1744.(它于1744年完工)”可知，威布林伦修道院图书馆历史最悠久。故选D。BBeginninginVeniceonApril26,2022,ItalianhikerViennaCammarotaarrivedinChinalastmonth,thelaststopofherjourneytotheEast,travellingmorethan20,000kilometers.Withasimplebackpackandtwohikingpoles,CammarotaexperiencedajourneyfromItalyacrossSlovenia,Croatia,Serbia,Bulgaria,Turkiye,Georgia,Iran,Turkmenistan,Azerbaijan,Uzbekistan,Tajikistan,andKazakhstantoKyrgyzstan.InspiredbyMarcoPolo,whotravelledtoChinaalongtheancientSilkRoadin1275,Cammarotasetofffromthelegendaryexplorer’shometownofVenicetoretracetherouteonfoot.“MarcoPololivedinChinafor17yearsandinhistravelog,heprovideddetaileddescriptionsofthecountry,whichallowedWesternerstolearnaboutthecharmofthisEasternnationforthefirsttime,”Cammarotasays.SheaddsthatshehopestoseemoreofmodernChinabyfollowinginMarcoPolo’sfootsteps.Asahiker,Cammarotahaspaidspecialattentiontoroadandbridgeconstructions,amongwhichshewasimpressedbythePeljesacBridgeinCroatia,aprojectbuiltbyaunionledbytheChinaRoadandBridgeCorporation.“WhenIseethesebuildings,Ifeelmyheartswellwithexcitement.It’sonlybywitnessingthemfirst-handthatyoucantrulygrasptheirincrediblenatureandcanbeshockedbytheirgreatness,”shesays.ShebeganstudyingTheTravelsofMarcoPoloin2000andplannedtoretraceMarcoPolo’sroutealongtheSilkRoad.Hergoalistoexperiencetheprofoundculturalheritage(遗产)ofChinesecivilization,witnessthedevelopmentandachievementsofmodernChina,andmostimportantly,callforglobalharmonyandinclusivenessbybringingintomodernviewtheSilkRoadhistoryandspirittoboostdialogueandunderstandingbetweentheEastandtheWest.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutCammarota’sjourney?A.Itcoveredalongdistance. B.ThefinalstopofitisKyrgyzstan.C.ShearrivedinChinaonApril26,2022. D.Shegotsupportfrommanystrangersduringit.5.What’sthemainideaofparagraph2?A.China’sappealtoWesterners.B.MarcoPolo’sexperienceinChina.C.ThereasonsandhopeforCammarota’stravel.D.ThepreparationsCammarotamadeforhertravel.6.HowdidCammarotaprobablyfeelabouttheconstructionsinCroatia?A.Curiousandgrateful. B.Proudandsatisfied.C.Excitedandastonished. D.Relievedandconfident.7.WhatisthemaingoalofCammarota’sjourney?A.Toenrichherlife. B.Topromoteharmonyintheworld.C.Tochallengeherselfphysically. D.TolearnmoreabouttheSilkRoad.【答案】4.A5.C6.C7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了意大利徒步旅行者ViennaCammarota沿着马可·波罗的足迹，从威尼斯出发，经过多个国家，最终到达中国的徒步旅行经历。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“BeginninginVeniceonApril26,2022,ItalianhikerViennaCammarotaarrivedinChinalastmonth,thelaststopofherjourneytotheEast,travellingmorethan20,000kilometers.(2022年4月26日，意大利徒步旅行者ViennaCammarota从威尼斯出发，上个月抵达中国，这是她东方之旅的最后一站，行程超过2万公里)”可知，ViennaCammarota的旅程超过2万公里，距离很长。故选A。【5题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“InspiredbyMarcoPolo,whotravelledtoChinaalongtheancientSilkRoadin1275,Cammarotasetofffromthelegendaryexplorer’shometownofVenicetoretracetherouteonfoot.“MarcoPololivedinChinafor17yearsandinhistravelog,heprovideddetaileddescriptionsofthecountry,whichallowedWesternerstolearnaboutthecharmofthisEasternnationforthefirsttime,”Cammarotasays.SheaddsthatshehopestoseemoreofmodernChinabyfollowinginMarcoPolo’sfootsteps.(受1275年沿古代丝绸之路前往中国的马可・波罗的启发，Cammarota从这位传奇探险家的故乡威尼斯出发，徒步重走这条路线。“马可・波罗在中国生活了17年，他在游记中对这个国家进行了详细描述，让西方人首次领略到这个东方国家的魅力。”Cammarota说道。她还表示，希望通过追随马可・波罗的脚步，更多地了解现代中国)”可知，第二段前半部分提到Cammarota受马可・波罗启发，从威尼斯出发重走路线，这是她旅行的原因；后半部分提到她希望通过追随马可・波罗的脚步更多地了解现代中国，这是她旅行的希望，所以该段主要讲述了Cammarota旅行的原因和希望。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段““WhenIseethesebuildings,Ifeelmyheartswellwithexcitement.It’sonlybywitnessingthemfirst-handthatyoucantrulygrasptheirincrediblenatureandcanbeshockedbytheirgreatness,”shesays.(“当我看到这些建筑时，内心激动不已。只有亲眼目睹，你才能真正领会它们的非凡之处，并为其伟大而震撼。”她说)”可知，她看到这些建筑时内心激动，并且为它们的伟大而震惊。故选C。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Hergoalistoexperiencetheprofoundculturalheritage(遗产)ofChinesecivilization,witnessthedevelopmentandachievementsofmodernChina,andmostimportantly,callforglobalharmonyandinclusivenessbybringingintomodernviewtheSilkRoadhistoryandspirittoboostdialogueandunderstandingbetweentheEastandtheWest.(她的目标是体验中华文明深厚的文化遗产，见证现代中国的发展与成就，而最重要的是，以现代视角重现丝绸之路的历史与精神，促进东西方之间的对话与理解，倡导全球和谐与包容)”可知，Cammarota此次旅行最重要的目标是倡导全球和谐与包容，促进东西方对话与理解，也就是推动世界和谐。故选B。CElephants,thelargestlandmammalsontheplanet,aremagnificentcreaturesandtouristsrushtoAfricancountriestoseethem.Duetoverysuccessfulconservationefforts,theAfricanelephantpopulationincountrieslikeKenyaisgrowing.Inthecountry’spopularTsavoNationalPark,elephantnumberswentfromaround6,000toalmost15,000in2021.Whilethisisgreatnewsforconservationists,it’snotseenthatwaybyfarmerswholiveinbetweentwopartsofthepark.Thehumanpopulationhasalsoexpandedandthismeansthatitaffectselephants’feedingandmigrationareas.Thishasledtoconflictsbetweenhumansandelephants,sometimesresultinginelephantdeaths.Nowanewsolutionusinghoneybeeshasbeenfoundtokeeptheelephantsawayfromfarms.Thisunlikelysolutionispartofalong-runningprojectfromtheSavetheElephantsorganization.ThesoundofAfricanhoneybeespreventselephants.Nowyellow-paintedbeehive(蜂巢)fencesprotectsomeofthelocalplots.Theprojectissupporting40farmerswhosecropsareprotectedby15hives.Eachofthehivesisstrungonawireafewmetersofftheground.Thisprotectsthemfrominsectsandallowsthemtoshakeiftheyaredisturbedbyanelephant,whichstartsthebeesmakingsounds.Thisscarestheelephantaway.Anine-yearstudymonitored26farmsthatwereprotectedbythebeehivefencesintwovillagesnearthepark.Duringthepeakgrowingseasons—NovembertoJanuaryfrom2014to2020—3,027elephantsapproachedthefencesandmostwereprevented.Duringthedroughtof2017,whichreducedthenumberofbeesinthehivesby75percent,elephantswerestillprevented76percentofthetime.SavetheElephantsisnowpromotingbeehivefencesin15countriesinAfricaandAsia.Butbesidespreventingelephants,thebeehivefencescanprovideotherbenefitstocommunities.Beesprovidepollination(授粉)serviceswhichcanincreasecropproductionandhoneyfromthehivesthatfarmerscanselltoincreasetheirincome.Whilethissolutionisn’tperfect,andissubjecttothenegativeeffectsofclimatechangeanddrought,itdoesshowthatelephantsandhumanscansharethelandwithoutconflicts.8.Whatcanbeknownfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.SomefarmersinKenyahuntelephantsforaliving.B.Kenya’selephantconservationeffortshardlypayoff.C.Theriseinelephantpopulationsisactuallyatwo-edgedsword.D.Theexpandinghumanpopulationmakeselephantsendangered.9.What’stheauthor’smainpurposeinlistingthefiguresinparagraph4?A.Toshowthepopularityofbeehivefences.B.Todemonstratetheeffectivenessofbeehivefences.C.ToemphasizethelargenumberofbeeslivinginAfrica.D.Todisplaytheeffectofclimatechangeonthenovelsolution.10.Whichstatementaboutbeehivefenceswilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Theyfailtomeetthefarmers’expectations.B.Theyturnouttobetheoriginalcreationsoflocalfarmers.C.Theybringabouteconomicbenefitsbyboostingtourism.D.Theycontributetothecoexistenceofhumansandelephants.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheGrowthofAfricanElephantPopulationB.TheImportanceofSavingAfricanElephantsC.ImpactsofClimateChangeonElephantHabitatD.InnovativeSolutiontoElephant-HumanConflict【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了随着大象数量增多，人类与大象产生了争夺土地的冲突，为此人们想到了利用蜂巢栅栏来让人类和大象的共存。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Duetoverysuccessfulconservationefforts,theAfricanelephantpopulationincountrieslikeKenyaisgrowing.Inthecountry’spopularTsavoNationalPark,elephantnumberswentfromaround6,000toalmost15,000in2021.(由于非常成功的保护工作，非洲象的数量在肯尼亚等国家正在增长。在该国颇受欢迎的察沃国家公园，大象的数量从约6000头增加到2021年的近15000头)”以及第二段“Thehumanpopulationhasalsoexpandedandthismeansthatitaffectselephants’feedingandmigrationareas.Thishasledtoconflictsbetweenhumansandelephants,sometimesresultinginelephantdeaths.(人口也在增长，这意味着它影响了大象的觅食和迁徙区域。这导致了人类和大象之间的冲突，有时甚至导致大象死亡)”可知，大象数量的增加实际上是一把双刃剑。故选C。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Anine-yearstudymonitored26farmsthatwereprotectedbythebeehivefencesintwovillagesnearthepark.Duringthepeakgrowingseasons—NovembertoJanuaryfrom2014to2020—3,027elephantsapproachedthefencesandmostwereprevented.Duringthedroughtof2017,whichreducedthenumberofbeesinthehivesby75percent,elephantswerestillprevented76percentofthetime.(一项为期9年的研究监测了公园附近两个村庄的26个农场，这些农场受到蜂巢围栏的保护。在2014年至2020年的生长旺季（11月至1月），有3027头大象接近围栏，大多数都被阻止了。在2017年的干旱期间，蜂巢中的蜜蜂数量减少了75%，但76%的大象仍然被阻止)”可知，作者在第4段列出这些数字的主要目的是证明蜂窝栅栏的有效性。故选B。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Whilethissolutionisn’tperfect,andissubjecttothenegativeeffectsofclimatechangeanddrought,itdoesshowthatelephantsandhumanscansharethelandwithoutconflicts.(虽然这个解决方案并不完美，并且受到气候变化和干旱的负面影响，但它确实表明大象和人类可以在没有冲突的情况下共享土地)”可知，蜂巢栅栏有助于人类和大象的共存。故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Nowanewsolutionusinghoneybeeshasbeenfoundtokeeptheelephantsawayfromfarms.(现在，人们发现了一种利用蜜蜂让大象远离农场的新方法)”以及最后一段“Whilethissolutionisn’tperfect,andissubjecttothenegativeeffectsofclimatechangeanddrought,itdoesshowthatelephantsandhumanscansharethelandwithoutconflicts.(虽然这个解决方案并不完美，并且受到气候变化和干旱的负面影响，但它确实表明大象和人类可以在没有冲突的情况下共享土地)”结合文章主要说明了随着大象数量增多，人类与大象产生了争夺土地的冲突，为此人们想到了利用蜂巢栅栏来让人类和大象的共存。可知，D选项“大象与人类冲突的创新解决方案”最符合文章标题。故选D。DIfyouaskChatGPTwhatitthinksaboutBlackpeople,it’llusewordslike“ambitious”and“intelligent”.OtherformsofgenerativeAI—whichalmostseemtothinkforthemselves—willdothesame.However,whenyouasktheseAItoolswhattheythinkaboutpeoplewhouseAfricanAmericanEnglish,theytendtousewordslike“suspicious”“aggressive”and“ignorant.”ValentinHofmannattheUniversityofOxfordispartofateamthathasjustsharedthesenewfindings.Thishiddenracism(种族歧视)inAImodelsmirrorstheprejudicepresentinmodernsociety,herteamsays.Inthepast,Blackpeoplefacedmoreopenracism.Itoftenshowedupasunfairlawsoractsofviolence.Today,thatprejudicecanbemoresecret.Peoplemayclaimnottoseeskincolor—butstillholdracistbeliefs,thestudyauthorswrite.Theirnewevidenceshowsthatchatbotsdothesame.Andsuchhiddenprejudice,theysay,couldcauseseriousharm.Thenewstudybuildsonaseriesofexperimentsconductedin1933,1951,1969and2012.Inthosestudies,onegroupofpeoplehadtochoosefivewordsthatdescribeddifferentracialgroupsfromalistof84words.Aseparategroupofpeopleratedthosewordsonascalethatranfrom-2(leastfavorable)to+2(mostfavorable).“Cruel,”forexample,gotaratingof-1.81.“Brilliant”wasrated1.86.Gradually,wordsthatparticipantsintheseexperimentschosetodescribeBlackpeoplebecamemorepositive.In1933,thosetermswereratedroughly-1819.2012,theyrankedjustabovezero.Foritsnewstudy,theteamusedasimilarsetuptotestAImodelsforopen—orobvious—racism.Theyalsousedittotestforhiddenracism.TheteamfoundthathiddenprejudicesshoweveninAImodelsreleasedinthelastfewyearsalthoughthosemodelsaretrainedbypeckintentionallytryingtoscrubracisminthechatbots’responses.TechcompanieshadhopedthathavingpeoplereviewAI-writtentextwouldreducechatbotracism,saysSivaReddy,acomputationallinguistatMeGillUniversityinMontreal,Canada.TheideawasthatAIracismwouldbecaughtandcorrectedwhilemodelswerestillbeingtrained.“Andfindalltheseproblemsandputpatches(补丁)totheAI,”Reddysays.“Butmoreresearchneededtosortouthowpeoplecanidentifyprejudicesdeeplyrootedinsociety—and,asaresultthesemodels.OnlythencanwecreatetrulyunprejudicedAIratherthanAIthatjustfindswaystohideitsracism.”12.WhathasValentinHofmann’steamfoundaboutChatGPTandotherAItools?A.Theyareabletothinkforthemselves. B.Theyshowsomehiddenracialprejudice.C.Theyhaveapreferenceforcomplexwords. D.Theyjudgeapersonbythecoloroftheirskin.13Whatdotheexperimentsmentionedinparagraph3show?A.Blackpeopletooknegativewordslightly.B.Blackpeople’ssocialclasshasbeenontherise.C.People’sattitudetoBlackpeoplechangedwithtime.D.Peoplebecamemoreandmorefriendlytoeachother.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“scrub”inparagraph4mostprobablymean?A.Cleanup. B.Payattentionto. C.Figureout. D.Losesightof.15.WhatdoReddy’swordsinthelastparagraphmainlyfocuson?A.HowtocreatetrulyunprejudicedAI. B.HowtosolveproblemsrelatedtoAI.C.Themeaningofidentifyinghiddenracism. D.TheimportanceofdevelopingunprejudicedAI.【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员发现人工智能工具中表现出了某种隐藏的种族偏见，分析了原因以及解决方案。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“ValentinHofmannattheUniversityofOxfordispartofateamthathasjustsharedthesenewfindings.Thishiddenracism(种族歧视)inAImodelsmirrorstheprejudicepresentinmodernsociety,herteamsays.(牛津大学的瓦伦丁·霍夫曼是刚刚分享了这些新发现的一个团队的成员。她的团队表示，人工智能模型中隐藏的种族主义反映了现代社会中存在的偏见)”可知，ValentinHofmann的团队发现ChatGPT和其他人工智能工具表现出某种隐藏的种族偏见。故选B。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Thenewstudybuildsonaseriesofexperimentsconductedin1933,1951,1969and2012.Inthosestudies,onegroupofpeoplehadtochoosefivewordsthatdescribeddifferentracialgroupsfromalistof84words.Aseparategroupofpeopleratedthosewordsonascalethatranfrom-2(leastfavorable)to+2(mostfavorable).“Cruel,”forexample,gotaratingof-1.81.“Brilliant”wasrated1.86.Gradually,wordsthatparticipantsintheseexperimentschosetodescribeBlackpeoplebecamemorepositive.In1933,thosetermswereratedroughly-1819.2012,theyrankedjustabovezero.(这项新研究建立在1933年、1951年、1969年和2012年进行的一系列实验的基础上。在这些研究中，一组人必须从84个单词中选择5个描述不同种族的单词。另一组人根据从-2（最不喜欢）到+2（最喜欢）的范围对这些词进行评分。例如，“残忍”的评分为-1.81。“辉煌”的评分为1.86。渐渐地，实验参与者选择用来描述黑人的词语变得更加积极。1933年，这些指标的评级约为-1819。2012年，它们的评级略高于零)”可知，第三段提到的实验表明了人们对黑人的态度随着时间的推移而改变。故选C。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Foritsnewstudy,theteamusedasimilarsetuptotestAImodelsforopen—orobvious—racism.Theyalsousedittotestforhiddenracism.(在新的研究中，该团队使用了类似的设置来测试人工智能模型是否存在公开或明显的种族主义。他们还用它来测试隐藏的种族主义)”以及划线上文“TheteamfoundthathiddenprejudicesshoweveninAImodelsreleasedinthelastfewyearsalthoughthosemodelsaretrainedbypeckintentionallytryingto”中although表示转折，以及后文“racisminthechatbots’responses(聊天机器人回应中的种族主义)”可知，研究小组发现，即使在过去几年发布的人工智能模型中，隐藏的偏见也会显现出来，尽管这些模型是由peck故意训练的，试图消除聊天机器人回答中的种族主义。故划线词意思是“清除”。故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段““Andfindalltheseproblemsandputpatches(补丁)totheAI,”Reddysays.“Butmoreresearchneededtosortouthowpeoplecanidentifyprejudicesdeeplyrootedinsociety—and,asaresultthesemodels.OnlythencanwecreatetrulyunprejudicedAIratherthanAIthatjustfindswaystohideitsracism.”(“找到所有这些问题，给人工智能打补丁，”雷迪说。“但需要更多的研究来弄清楚人们如何识别根深蒂固的社会偏见，以及这些模型的结果。”只有这样，我们才能创造出真正没有偏见的人工智能，而不是那些只会想方设法隐藏种族主义的人工智能。”)”可推知，Reddy在最后一段主要讲的是如何创造真正无偏见的AI。故选A。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheDiderotEffectiswhathappenswhenanewpossessionmakesouroldthingslookbadsowefeelaneedtoreplacethemall.Youbuyyourkidsnewbackpacksforschoolandtheycomplainthattheirpencilcasesandlunchbagsdon’tmatch,soyoubuythemnewpencilcasesandlunchbags.Then,ofcourse,youcan’tputtheiroldpencilsinnewpencilcasessoyoubuynewpencils,andpens.____16____Thiscycleofreplacingolditemswithnewonescanbeendless,andevenifwe’veneverheardthenamebefore,it’shardtodenytheimpactoftheDiderotEffectonourlives.So,whatstepscanyoutaketobreakthisendlesscycleofconsumption?Recognizeitbeforeithappens.____17____Don’tleteverynewitemstartanendlessspiralofpurchases.Eachtimeyoubuysomethingnew,remindyourselfthattheotheritemsyou’refeelingtempted(被引诱的)toreplacewereperfectlyfineuntilnow—andprobablystillare.Buynewitemsthatfitwhatyoualreadyhave.Whenyoudoneedtobuysomethingnew,findingpiecesthatfitwhatyoualreadyownwillreducethetemptationtoreplaceperfectlygoodthings.Forexample,addanewpieceoffurniturethatmatchesyourexistingroomdecor(装饰风格).Otherwise,you’llneedtobuyeverythingnew.____18____Practisemindfulshopping.Mindfulshoppingisaboutbeingfullyawareofyourthoughtsandfeelingsbeforepurchasinganewitem.____19____Thatis,beforebuyinganything,stopandaskyourselfafewmindfulshoppingquestions.Ninety-ninetimesoutofahundred,you’lldecideyoudon’treallyneedtheitem.____20____Despitewhatmarketerswantyoutobelieve,it’sgoodtoremindyourselfthatmaterialpossessionsdon’tdefineyourself-worth.Ensureyoubuyitemsbecauseyoureallyneedorwantthem,andnotjusttoimpressyoursocialcircle.A.Letgoofwantingthings.B.Rememberthatthingsarejustthings.C.Howcanwereducethechancesofout-of-controlspending?D.Doyouseehowthispatterncanleadtounnecessaryspending?E.Itrequiresyoutoquestionifyoutrulyneedsomething.F.Thisisbecausethenewpiecemismatchesyourexistingstyle.G.ThefirststeptobreakingthecycleistobeawareoftheDiderotEffectandpreventit.【答案】16.D17.G18.F19.E20.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了什么是“狄德罗效应”以及如何避免无休止的消费循环。【16题详解】根据上文“TheDiderotEffectiswhathappenswhenanewpossessionmakesouroldthingslookbadsowefeelaneedtoreplacethemall.Youbuyyourkidsnewbackpacksforschoolandtheycomplainthattheirpencilcasesandlunchbagsdon’tmatch,soyoubuythemnewpencilcasesandlunchbags.Then,ofcourse,youcan’tputtheiroldpencilsinnewpencilcasessoyoubuynewpencils,andpens.(“狄德罗效应”指的是，当一件新东西让我们的旧东西看起来很糟糕，所以我们觉得有必要把它们全部替换掉。你给孩子们买了新的书包，他们抱怨铅笔盒和午餐袋不匹配，所以你给他们买了新的铅笔盒和午餐袋。然后，当然，你不能把他们的旧铅笔放在新的铅笔盒里，所以你买新的铅笔和钢笔)”以及后文“Thiscycleofreplacingolditemswithnewonescanbeendless,andevenifwe’veneverheardthenamebefore,it’shardtodenytheimpactoftheDiderotEffectonourlives.So,whatstepscanyoutaketobreakthisendlesscycleofconsumption?(这种以旧换新的循环可能是无止境的，即使我们以前从未听说过这个名字，也很难否认狄德罗效应对我们生活的影响。那么，你可以采取哪些措施来打破这种无休止的消费循环呢？)”可知，上文解释了一种购物效应，推测本句应说明这种效应所带来的影响。故D选项“你知道这种模式会导致不必要的开支吗”符合语境，故选D。【17题详解】根据标题“Recognizeitbeforeithappens.(在它发生之前意识到它)”以及后文“Don’tleteverynewitemstartanendlessspiralofpurchases.Eachtimeyoubuysomethingnew,remindyourselfthattheotheritemsyou’refeelingtempted(被引诱的)toreplacewereperfectlyfineuntilnow—andprobablystillare.(不要让每一件新物品都引发无休止的购买。每次你买新东西的时候，提醒自己那些你想要替换的东西直到现在都很好——可能现在仍然很好)”可知，后文提到不要让每一件新物品都引发无休止的购买，提醒自己那些你想要替换的东西直到现在都很好，说明了预先提醒自己不要过多消费，加以预防。故G选项“打破这个循环的第一步是意识到狄德罗效应并加以预防”符合语境，故选G。【18题详解】根据上文“Whenyoudoneedtobuysomethingnew,findingpiecesthatfitwhatyoualreadyownwillreducethetemptationtoreplaceperfectlygoodthings.Forexample,addanewpieceoffurniturethatmatchesyourexistingroomdecor(装饰风格).Otherwise,you’llneedtobuyeverythingnew.(当你确实需要买新东西的时候，找一些适合你已经拥有的东西会减少你更换完美的东西的诱惑。例如，添加一件与你现有房间装饰相匹配的新家具。否则，你所有东西就得买新的了)”可知，上文提到了买了新家具所有东西就得买新的，本句承接上文，说明会发生这种情况的原因。故F选项“这是因为这件新家具和你现有的款式不匹配”符合语境，故选F。【19题详解】根据上文“Mindfulshoppingisaboutbeingfullyawareofyourthoughtsandfeelingsbeforepurchasinganewitem.(有意识购物是指在购买新物品之前充分意识到自己的想法和感受)”可知，上文提到了有意识购物的概念，推测本句承接上文，说明有意识购物的内在要求，E选项中It指代上文Mindfulshopping。故E选项“它要求你质疑自己是否真的需要某样东西”符合语境，故选E。【20题详解】根据本段内容“Despitewhatmarketerswantyoutobelieve,it’sgoodtoremindyourselfthatmaterialpossessionsdon’tdefineyourself-worth.Ensureyoubuyitemsbecauseyoureallyneedor