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考点04名词、数词的基本用法名词是指人、地点、事物、行为、品质、抽象概念、感情等的名称的词。名词可分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。专有名词表示具体的人、事物、地点或机构的专有名称(如:Beijing,China,Jack)。普通名词表示某类人或某类事物的名称。普通名词又可分为个体名词(表示单个的人或事物,如:astronaut,building等)、集体名词(表示一群人或一些事物的总称,如:family,group等)、物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质,如:water,rice等)和抽象名词(表示抽象概念的词,如:health,education等)。一般地说,个体名词和集体名词是可数的,称为可数名词,有单、复数之分;物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的,称为不可数名词,通常只有单数,但在某些具体情况下也可以用复数。数词是指表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。数词用法相当于名词和形容词,在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语等。考向一:名词的基本用法一、名词的概念表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词。二、名词的分类名词类别意义例词专有名词表示具体的人名、事物、国家、地名、机构、团体等的专有名称Jim,China,Qingdao,theUK,theGreatWall普通名词可数名词个体名词表示单个人的人或事物girl,student,factory,desk,cat,country集合名词表示一群人或一些事物的总称people,police,team,clothes,group,crew不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质water,ice,pork,cheese,cotton,broccoli抽象名词表示抽象概念的词fun,healthy,happiness,courage,love,care注:1.专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。第一个字母必须大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。2.有普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词“the”,但它不大写。3.有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时,则变为可数名词。room空间aroom一个房间三、名词的数表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式:可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加“a或an”;复数形式是在名词后加“-s或-es”。名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种,规则变化及其读音可依照下表:当名词为:词尾变化读音例词一般情况加s在清辅音后读/s/chips,jeeps,pats,clocks在浊辅音或元音后读/z/boys,sharpeners,sofas,drawers以s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词加es/iz/watches,boxes,classes,brushes以字母o结尾的单词加s或es/z/zoos,photos,bamboos,tomatoes,potatoes,heroes,以辅音字母+y结尾的单词去y变i加es/z/dictionaries,strawberries,以f或fe结尾的单词去f或fe变v加es/vz/leaves,wives,halves以th结尾的词加s/ðz/;/θz/mouths,paths;months,deaths【即学即练】.—________your________longorshort?—Ihaveshorthair.A.Is;hair B.Are;hairs C.Does;hair D.Do;hairs2.可数名词复数的不规则变化①改变单数名词中的元音字母eg.man--men,woman—women,tooth—teeth,foot—feet,goose—geese,mouse--mice②单复数同形eg.Chinese-Chinese,deer-deer,fish-fish,sheep-sheep,…③由man和woman构成的合成词,每个名词都要变复数eg.amandoctor—mendoctors,awomanteacher--womenteachers注意:有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式eg.trousers,clothes,glasses,shorts,scissors,etc;有些名词从形式上看是复数,实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数).eg.maths,phyiscs,politics,news【即学即练】—Mom,pleasegivemetwo________andthree________.Iwanttomakedinner.
—OK.Hereyouare.A.tomato;potato B.tomatoes;potatoesC.tomatos;potatos D.tomatoes;potatos3.不可数名词:表示不能计算数目的人或物,称为不可数名词。他们前面不能用a/an,没有复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式,但有其特殊用法:同一个词,变成复数形式,意义不同。eg.food食物foods各种食物,time时间times时代,green绿色greens青菜有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物eg.hopehopes希望hardshiphardships艰苦物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个量词+of来表示eg.acupoftea,sevenpiecesofbread,severalbagsofrice,…【即学即练】Ifyouwanttohave________aboutit,pleasecallusat2311980.A.manyinformations B.piecesofinformations C.moreinformation三、名词的所有格名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种表示形式,一种是在名词后+’s;另一种是用of,表示“……的”。1.(1)一般词的所有格,直接在词尾+’s。eg.Mr.Mott’srobot,children’sclothes(2)以s结尾的名词所有格只在词尾+’eg.teachers’books(3)两人共有的物体,则在第二个名词后+’s;如果分别是两人所有,则在每个名词后面+’s。eg.LucyandLily’sroom.(指两人共住一个房间)MrsGreen’sandMrsBrown’ssons.(指两人各自的儿子)(4)表示某具体场所时,所有格后面的名词可省略eg.thedoctor’s(office)Mr.White’s2.(1)没有生命的事物一般用of短语来表示所属关系。eg.thewalloftheclassroom,apictureofthebedroom,(2)名词的的定语较长时,有生命的事物也可用of短语表示。eg.alongstoryofa50-year-oldman(3)双重所有格eg.afriendofhis,thebignoseofTom’s(4)有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词,也可以加’s来构成所有格。eg.tenminutes’walk,today’snewspaper考向二:数词的基本用法一、数词的概念英语数词表示数目或者顺序,可分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数量,序数词表示顺序。二、基数词1.1—12的基数词是独立的单词,即:one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve。2.13—19的基数词以-teen结尾。如:fourteen,seventeen等,但13,15,18较特殊,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen。3.20—90的整十位均以-ty结尾。如:sixty,ninety,但20,30,40,50,80较特殊,twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,eighty。4.十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-”,如:twenty-eight,ninety-six。5.百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and,如:onehundredandforty-eight,fourhundredandsix。6.hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百万),billion(十亿)等前面即使有具体的数词,也不能在它们的后面加s。如:sixhundred,eightmillion。7.1000以上的数字,从后往前数每三位加一个逗号“,”第一个逗号前为千(thousand),第二个逗号前为百万(million),第三个逗号前为billion(十亿)。英语中无“万”这个词,我们可以用“几十个千(thousand)”表示几万,“几百个千(thousand)”表示“几十万”。2,510=twothousandfivehundredandten84,296=eight-fourthousandtwohundredandninety-six274,350=twohundredandseventy-fourthousandthreehundredandfifty【即学即练】一年有365天。Thereare________________________daysinayear.三、序数词序数词一般是以与之相应的基数词尾加-th构成,例如fourth,tenth,但以下的这些基数词变为序数词时,有特别之处。1.onefirst,twosecond,threethird,fivefifth,niceninth,twelvetwelfth2.以ty结尾的单词,要先变y为I,在加-eth.例如:thirtythirtieth,fiftyfiftieth3.以one,two,three等结尾的多位数词,要将各位数变成序数词。例如:twenty-onetwenty-first,onehundredandoneonehundredandfirst注意:序数词前常用定冠词,有时还可以用不定冠词a/an则表示“又一”的意思。例如:Mr.Brownhasasecondcar.布朗先生另外还有一辆车。Hehastriedasecondtime.他又尝试了一次。【即学即练】Theyearhasfourseasons.Autumnis_________(thethird;third)seasoninayear.四、数词的基本用法1.时刻的表示:小时、点钟、分钟、秒钟要用基数词。①“几点钟”用基数词加o'clock。o'clock可省略。如:5点钟—five(o'clock).②“几点过几分”,≤30分钟”用介词past。如:7:05—fivepastseven;7:15—fifteen(aquarter)pastseven;7:30—halfpastseven。③“差几分几点”用介词“to”。如:7:40—twentytoeight;7:45—fifteen(aquartertoeight。④日常生活中的时间读法常常简化,直接按基数词的顺序读。如:7:05—sevenofive;7:15—sevenfifteen。2.年月日的表示:年份用基数词,如:1999年—nineteenninety-nine;1900年—nineteenhundred;2000—twothousand;1905—nineteenofive;年用基数词,日用序数词。如:1998年6月8日写作:June8,1998;读作:Junetheeighth,nineteenninety-eight或theeighthofJune,nineteenninety-eight。3.世纪、年代表示法:(在)90年代(in.thenineties(在)19世纪(in.thenineteenthcentury(在)18世纪30年代inthe1730s或1730’s4.编号的表示:LessonOne=thefirstlesson第一课;BusNo.3=theNo.3bus3路公共汽车;表示住所时不用“No.”如:302房间Room302(读作:roomthreeotwo);如果编号的数词比较长,一般用基数词。如:Page457第457页;电话号码,用基数词,3855633—threeeightfivefive(doublefive)sixthreethree(doublethree)。5.分数的表达:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于“1”,分母则加“s”。如:1/3onethird,2/3twothirds;另外:1/2a(one)half;1/4onefourth或a(one)quarter;3/4threefourths或threequarters。halfasecond;aquarterofasecond四分之一秒6.表示有小数的词用基数词。5.5fivepointfive12.135twelvepointonethreefive7.表示百分数5℅:fivepercent(percent.0.8℅zeropointeightpercent(percent..8.表示有小数的词用基数词。5.5fivepointfive12.135twelvepointonethreefive9.其他用法:1)基数词+单数名词+形容词构成合成形容词。如:一个五岁的男孩afive-year-oldboy;一座800米长的桥an800-metre-longbridge;女子400米接力girls'400-metrerelayrace。2)具体数词+metre(s)/kilometre(s)/kilo(s)long/high/tall/deep/away等。如:长江长6300公里。TheChangjiangRiveris6,300kilometreslong.3)表示"几十岁"用序数词,eg.在他三十几岁时inhisthirties4)倍数的表达:(一倍用once,两倍用twice,两倍以上用基数词+times。如:5倍fivetimes.。HeisastallaboyasI.HeisaheadtallerthanI.HeistwoyearsolderthanIChinaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.Iamtwiceasoldasyou.(=Iamtwiceolderthanyou./Iamtwicetheageofyou..Mybooksaretwiceasmanyasyours.ChinaisfourtimeslargerthanEurope.(=ChinaisfourtimesthesizeofEurope..Ipaytwiceasmuchasitwasworth.Ipaytwiceasmuchforthehouse.【即学即练】Becauseofthespecialsituationthisyear,about________ofthestudentsinourschool________havingclassesontheInternetathome.A.twothirds;are B.twothird;is C.secondthirds;are D.twothirds;is1.(2021·上海·模拟预测)Stellaisgoingtomoveintoanewflatnextmonth,sosheplanstobuysome________.A.chair B.flower C.furniture D.picture2.(2021·上海上海·二模)Angela,afriendof________,willgobacktoherhometowntostudynextterm.A.I B.me C.my D.mine3.(2022·上海徐汇·二模)Wehaven’tgotmuch_________forourpicnic.Willyougoandgetsome?A.apple B.tomato C.bread D.biscuit4.(2022·上海·一模)Inherletter,AuntieSuetoldusmany_________abouthervisittoBritain.A.news B.stories C.information D.truth5.(2022·上海青浦·一模)Thefarmerraisedplentyof________onhisfarmtosellforfoodandmoney.A.sheep B.cow C.pig D.chicken6.(2020·上海静安·二模)Villagersinthemountainareausedtoraisemany________onthefarmtomakealiving.A.bear B.horse C.chicken D.sheep7.(2022·上海奉贤·九年级期中)There’refive_______booksonmyshelf.A.hundreds B.hundredsof C.hundred D.hundredof8.(2022·上海·一模)Chinesepeoplehavebeenusingtheskillofprintingforovertwo________years.A.thousand B.thousands C.thousandof D.thousandsof9.(2021·上海黄浦·九年级期中)About________studentsinourschoolhavepassedtheP.E.test.A.threehundred B.hundredsof C.severalhundreds D.threehundredof10.(2020·上海青浦·二模)Aftertheearthquake,_________medicalworkersweresenttothedisasterarea.A.thousands B.thousand C.thousandsof D.thousandof11.(2022·上海·九年级单元测试)—Whatshouldwedonow,MrClark?—PleaseturntoPage________andlookatthe________picture.A.Twelfth;fifth B.Twelve;fifth C.Twelve;five D.Twelfth;five12.(2022·上海·九年级单元测试)—Wehavesixtystudentsinourclass.________ofthemareboys.Howmanygirlsarethere?—Forty.A.Onethird B.Twothirds C.Aquarter D.Ahalf13.(2022·上海·九年级单元测试)Isaw________motherstalkingunderthatbigtreeabouttenminutesago.A.LucyandLily B.Lucy’sandLily C.LucyandLily’s D.Lucy’sandLily’s14.(2021·上海长宁·一模)Forthetimebeingwecancollectmuch________eitherfrombooksorontheInternet.A.idea B.method C.information D.suggestion15.(2021·上海徐汇·二模)Timandhisfriendsareplanningtovisitafriendof________inBeijingthissummer.A.they B.their C.themselves D.theirs16.(2021·上海松江·一模)Nowalargenumberofpeople________helpingclearthesnowinthestreet.A.is B.are C.was D.were17.(2021·上海松江·九年级期中)Theygotmuchimportant______fortheirsurveyfromthosenewbooks.A.ideas B.photos C.information D.stories18.(2020·上海静安·一模)Don’tbeafraidtoaskforsome________aboutorderingthemeal.A.suggestion B.method C.opinion D.advice19.(2020·上海宝山·一模)MarychattedwithafriendofonWeChatforalongtimelastnight.A.she B.her C.hers D.herself20.(2020·上海宝山·一模)Thepolicemangaveusmuchonhowtoprotectourselveswhenweareindanger.A.example B.tip C.note D.advice21.(2020·上海闵行·一模)Ithinkoneeffective______formetoimprovemymemoryistohaveenoughsleep.A.information B.advice C.method D.conclusion22.(2020·上海徐汇·九年级期末)Withgreateffortsandastrongwill,theteenagerhasmadealotof______.A.progress B.achievement C.complaint D.friend23.(2020·上海虹口·一模)Thepoliceareworriedabouttheoftheboywhohasbeenmissingfor3days.A.save B.safe C.safely D.safety24.(2022·上海·九年级期中)Thenumberofthecarsinourneighbourhood________abouteight________.A.is;hundred B.are;hundred C.is;hundreds D.are;hundreds25.(2022·上海徐汇·二模)Thetopic“FoodSafety”receives________Internethits(点击)fromcustomerseveryday.A.thousands B.thousand C.thousandof D.thousandsof26.(2022·上海·模拟预测)—Dad,Couldyoutellme________?—Well,it’slargeandfullofwater.Itcoversabout________oftheearth.A.howtheseais;onethird B.whattheseaislike;threequartersC.how’sthesea;three-fourth D.whattheseaislike;threequarter27.(2022·上海·模拟预测)Thechildrenwillhavetowait________threeweeksfortheresultofthecompetition.A.other B.theother C.others D.another28.(2022·上海·模拟预测)IttooktheancientChinesepeopleseveral________yearstofinishbuildingtheGreatWall.A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundredsof D.threehundred29.(2022·上海静安·一模)MyneighbourGrannyWanghadalovelygranddaughterinher________.A.fifty B.fifties C.fiftieth D.fiftieths30.(2021·上海浦东新·九年级期中)________
graduateswillattendthe100thanniversarycelebrationoftheuniversitynextmonth.A.Hundred B.Hundreds C.Hundredof D.Hundredsof31.(2021·上海·模拟预测)Ittookme________todomyhomeworkyesterday.A.anhourandhalf B.oneandhalfhoursC.oneandahalfhour D.oneandahalfhours32.(2021·上海·模拟预测)Itissaidthattherearemorethan________languagesspokeninNigeria.A.twohundreds B.twohundredsof C.twohundred D.twohundredof33.(2021·上海·模拟预测)_______peoplehadtostayatXi'anRailwayStationbecauseoftheheavysnowtwomonthsago.A.Thousand B.Thousands C.Thousandof D.Thousandsof34.(2020·上海市民办新复兴初级中学九年级期中)MrLi________hisstudentstowrite________2articlesbeforethemonthlytest.A.made,theother B.required,other C.made,another D.required,another35.(2020·上海虹口·二模)GrandpareceivedamobilephonefromAuntieLiuonhis________birthday.A.sixty B.sixtieth C.sixties D.sixtieths36.(2020·上海静安·九年级期末)OnlinelectureslikeChinesepaperartsattract______peoplefromabroadeveryday.A.million B.millions C.millionof D.millionsof37.(2020·上海杨浦·一模)Thefirstcomputersthe1940swerebiggerthancars.A.in B.on C.at D.since38.(2020·上海宝山·一模)Look,thebuildingoverthereisthelandmarkofourcity.Itishigh.A.fifty-fivemetre B.fifty-fivemetres C.fifty-five-metre D.fiftyfivemetres39.(2020·上海·九年级期中)In2010,__________peoplefromallovertheworldcametoShanghaitoseetheWorldExpo.A.tenmillionof B.tenmillions C.millionof D.millionsof40.(2020·上海市莘光学校九年级期中)About________theclientsareoldpeople.A.hundredsof B.twohundredof C.twohundred D.twohundreds41.(2022·上海·九年级单元测试)It’sreportedthat________birdsflytoHanfengLakeinspringeveryyear.A.million B.millionsC.millionsof D.millionof42.(2022·上海·九年级单元测试)A________playernamedLiJianroufromChinawonChina’sfirstgoldmedalin2014WinterOlympics.A.27-years-old B.27-year-oldC.27yearold D.27yearsold43.(2022·上海·九年级单元测试)Kunminghasgrownabout________biggerthanitwas100yearsago.A.five
time B.five
times C.fifth
time D.fifth
times44.(2022·上海·九年级单元测试)Tony’smomlooksyoungandbeautiful.It’shardtoimaginesheisalreadyinher________A.fifties B.fifty C.fiftieths D.fiftieth45.(2022·上海·九年级单元测试)Bothredandblackrepresent________.ButIprefertowearredwhenIfeeltired.A.peace B.peaceful C.power D.powerful46.(2022·上海·九年级期末)Thehospitalis_________fromhere.A.fortyminutes’swalk B.fortyminute’swalk C.fortyminuteswalk D.fortyminutes’walk47.(2022·上海·九年级单元测试)—ThelandingofChina’srover(登陆车)ZhurongonMarsisalandmarkofChina’sspaceindustry.—Yes.________greatprogressChinahasmadeinitsspaceexploration.A.What B.Whata C.How D.Howa48.(2022·上海·九年级单元测试)—Mum,I’mhungry.MayIhavesome________?—Ofcourse.Butdon’teattoomuch.A.bread B.noodle C.apple D.tea49.(2022·上海·九年级单元测试)Mr.Wanggavemeseveraluseful________onhowtolearnbetter.A.advise B.advices C.suggest D.suggestions50.(2022·上海·九年级单元测试)Thelady________redis________mother.A.with;LilyandLucy’s B.on;Lily’sandLucy’sC.in;LilyandLucy’s D.in;Lily’sandLucy’s51.(2022·上海·九年级单元测试)TheopeningoftheBeijing2022WinterOlympicwasagreat________andBingDwenDwenattractedallofus________.A.succeed;success B.success;successfully C.succeed;successfully D.successful;success52.(2022·上海·九年级单元测试)—MissYang,doyouthinkIcanrealizemydream?—Sure.You’llalwayshavethe________tobesuccessfulifyoukeepworkingonit.A.chance B.result C.need D.action53.(2022·上海·模拟预测)Thegovernmenthasmadesome_________inenvironmentprotection.A.mistake B.decision C.change D.progress54.(2021·上海市民办新复兴初级中学九年级期中)Itissaidthatradio,televisionandpressare_______ofconveying(传送)information.A.themostthreecommonways B.themostcommonthreewaysC.thethreemostcommonways D.threethemostcommonways55.(2020·上海松江·二模)Theoldladysavedmany________fromdyingofhungerinthe1950s.A.monkey B.elephant C.children D.butterfly56.(2020·上海静安·二模)Kateplanstoworkforthecommunitywithsomeclassmatesof________thissummer.A.she B.her C.herself D.hers57.(2022·上海·模拟预测)Nowadays,________peoplelikeHUAWEIphonesbetter,andabout________ofthemareadults.A.anumberof;fourfifths B.anumberof;fourfifthC.thenumberof;fourfifth D.thenumberof;fourfifths58.(2022·上海·九年级单元测试)Itisreportedthat________ofthedoctorssenttoWuhan________post-90s.Theymadetheirowneffortstowinthevirusbattle.A.twofifth;is B.twofifth;are C.twofifths;are D.twofifths;is59.(2022·上海·九年级单元测试)About________fansarewaitinghere.Theywanttoseethegreatsinger.A.twothousandof B.afewthousand C.severalthousands D.twothousands60.(2022·上海·九年级期中)Wefollow________thatcarhasleftinthegrass.A.mark B.marking C.themarks D.tomark考点04名词、数词的基本用法名词是指人、地点、事物、行为、品质、抽象概念、感情等的名称的词。名词可分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。专有名词表示具体的人、事物、地点或机构的专有名称(如:Beijing,China,Jack)。普通名词表示某类人或某类事物的名称。普通名词又可分为个体名词(表示单个的人或事物,如:astronaut,building等)、集体名词(表示一群人或一些事物的总称,如:family,group等)、物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质,如:water,rice等)和抽象名词(表示抽象概念的词,如:health,education等)。一般地说,个体名词和集体名词是可数的,称为可数名词,有单、复数之分;物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的,称为不可数名词,通常只有单数,但在某些具体情况下也可以用复数。数词是指表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。数词用法相当于名词和形容词,在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语等。考向一:名词的基本用法一、名词的概念表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词。二、名词的分类名词类别意义例词专有名词表示具体的人名、事物、国家、地名、机构、团体等的专有名称Jim,China,Qingdao,theUK,theGreatWall普通名词可数名词个体名词表示单个人的人或事物girl,student,factory,desk,cat,country集合名词表示一群人或一些事物的总称people,police,team,clothes,group,crew不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质water,ice,pork,cheese,cotton,broccoli抽象名词表示抽象概念的词fun,healthy,happiness,courage,love,care注:1.专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。第一个字母必须大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。2.有普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词“the”,但它不大写。3.有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时,则变为可数名词。room空间aroom一个房间三、名词的数表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式:可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加“a或an”;复数形式是在名词后加“-s或-es”。名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种,规则变化及其读音可依照下表:当名词为:词尾变化读音例词一般情况加s在清辅音后读/s/chips,jeeps,pats,clocks在浊辅音或元音后读/z/boys,sharpeners,sofas,drawers以s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词加es/iz/watches,boxes,classes,brushes以字母o结尾的单词加s或es/z/zoos,photos,bamboos,tomatoes,potatoes,heroes,以辅音字母+y结尾的单词去y变i加es/z/dictionaries,strawberries,以f或fe结尾的单词去f或fe变v加es/vz/leaves,wives,halves以th结尾的词加s/ðz/;/θz/mouths,paths;months,deaths【即学即练】.—________your________longorshort?—Ihaveshorthair.A.Is;hair B.Are;hairs C.Does;hair D.Do;hairs【答案】A【详解】句意:——你的头发是长还是短?——我留有短发。考查be动词和不可数名词。由“Ihaveshorthair.”可知原题干询问的是“hair”,此处“hair”指头发的总称,是不可数名词,所以hairs不正确,排除B和D;又因原句未使用实义动词,则C选项使用助动词does不符,排除C;A选项中is与形容词long和short搭配形成系表结构。故选A。2.可数名词复数的不规则变化①改变单数名词中的元音字母eg.man--men,woman—women,tooth—teeth,foot—feet,goose—geese,mouse--mice②单复数同形eg.Chinese-Chinese,deer-deer,fish-fish,sheep-sheep,…③由man和woman构成的合成词,每个名词都要变复数eg.amandoctor—mendoctors,awomanteacher--womenteachers注意:有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式eg.trousers,clothes,glasses,shorts,scissors,etc;有些名词从形式上看是复数,实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数).eg.maths,phyiscs,politics,news【即学即练】—Mom,pleasegivemetwo________andthree________.Iwanttomakedinner.
—OK.Hereyouare.A.tomato;potato B.tomatoes;potatoesC.tomatos;potatos D.tomatoes;potatos【答案】B【详解】句意:——妈妈,请给我两个西红柿和三个土豆。我想做晚饭。——好的。给你。考查名词复数。tomato西红柿,可数名词;potato土豆,可数名词。第一空被基数词two修饰,应用其复数形式tomatoes,第二空被three修饰,应用其复数形式potatoes。故选B。3.不可数名词:表示不能计算数目的人或物,称为不可数名词。他们前面不能用a/an,没有复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式,但有其特殊用法:同一个词,变成复数形式,意义不同。eg.food食物foods各种食物,time时间times时代,green绿色greens青菜有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物eg.hopehopes希望hardshiphardships艰苦物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个量词+of来表示eg.acupoftea,sevenpiecesofbread,severalbagsofrice,…【即学即练】Ifyouwanttohave________aboutit,pleasecallusat2311980.A.manyinformations B.piecesofinformations C.moreinformation【答案】C【详解】句意:如果您想了解更多信息,请致电2311980。考查名词的数。information“信息”,是不可数名词,不能加s,排除AB,故选C。三、名词的所有格名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种表示形式,一种是在名词后+’s;另一种是用of,表示“……的”。1.(1)一般词的所有格,直接在词尾+’s。eg.Mr.Mott’srobot,children’sclothes(2)以s结尾的名词所有格只在词尾+’eg.teachers’books(3)两人共有的物体,则在第二个名词后+’s;如果分别是两人所有,则在每个名词后面+’s。eg.LucyandLily’sroom.(指两人共住一个房间)MrsGreen’sandMrsBrown’ssons.(指两人各自的儿子)(4)表示某具体场所时,所有格后面的名词可省略eg.thedoctor’s(office)Mr.White’s2.(1)没有生命的事物一般用of短语来表示所属关系。eg.thewalloftheclassroom,apictureofthebedroom,(2)名词的的定语较长时,有生命的事物也可用of短语表示。eg.alongstoryofa50-year-oldman(3)双重所有格eg.afriendofhis,thebignoseofTom’s(4)有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词,也可以加’s来构成所有格。eg.tenminutes’walk,today’snewspaper考向二:数词的基本用法一、数词的概念英语数词表示数目或者顺序,可分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数量,序数词表示顺序。二、基数词1.1—12的基数词是独立的单词,即:one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve。2.13—19的基数词以-teen结尾。如:fourteen,seventeen等,但13,15,18较特殊,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen。3.20—90的整十位均以-ty结尾。如:sixty,ninety,但20,30,40,50,80较特殊,twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,eighty。4.十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-”,如:twenty-eight,ninety-six。5.百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and,如:onehundredandforty-eight,fourhundredandsix。6.hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百万),billion(十亿)等前面即使有具体的数词,也不能在它们的后面加s。如:sixhundred,eightmillion。7.1000以上的数字,从后往前数每三位加一个逗号“,”第一个逗号前为千(thousand),第二个逗号前为百万(million),第三个逗号前为billion(十亿)。英语中无“万”这个词,我们可以用“几十个千(thousand)”表示几万,“几百个千(thousand)”表示“几十万”。2,510=twothousandfivehundredandten84,296=eight-fourthousandtwohundredandninety-six274,350=twohundredandseventy-fourthousandthreehundredandfifty【即学即练】一年有365天。Thereare________________________daysinayear.【答案】threehundredandsixty-five【详解】根据中英文对比分析可知,此处缺失内容为“365”,其英文为threehundredandsixty-five。故填threehundredandsixty-five。三、序数词序数词一般是以与之相应的基数词尾加-th构成,例如fourth,tenth,但以下的这些基数词变为序数词时,有特别之处。1.onefirst,twosecond,threethird,fivefifth,niceninth,twelvetwelfth2.以ty结尾的单词,要先变y为I,在加-eth.例如:thirtythirtieth,fiftyfiftieth3.以one,two,three等结尾的多位数词,要将各位数变成序数词。例如:twenty-onetwenty-first,onehundredandoneonehundredandfirst注意:序数词前常用定冠词,有时还可以用不定冠词a/an则表示“又一”的意思。例如:Mr.Brownhasasecondcar.布朗先生另外还有一辆车。Hehastriedasecondtime.他又尝试了一次。【即学即练】Theyearhasfourseasons.Autumnis_________(thethird;third)seasoninayear.【答案】thethird【详解】句意:一年有四季。秋季是一天中的第三个季节。序数词前往往要加定冠词the,所以应用thethird。故填thethird。四、数词的基本用法1.时刻的表示:小时、点钟、分钟、秒钟要用基数词。①“几点钟”用基数词加o'clock。o'clock可省略。如:5点钟—five(o'clock).②“几点过几分”,≤30分钟”用介词past。如:7:05—fivepastseven;7:15—fifteen(aquarter)pastseven;7:30—halfpastseven。③“差几分几点”用介词“to”。如:7:40—twentytoeight;7:45—fifteen(aquartertoeight。④日常生活中的时间读法常常简化,直接按基数词的顺序读。如:7:05—sevenofive;7:15—sevenfifteen。2.年月日的表示:年份用基数词,如:1999年—nineteenninety-nine;1900年—nineteenhundred;2000—twothousand;1905—nineteenofive;年用基数词,日用序数词。如:1998年6月8日写作:June8,1998;读作:Junetheeighth,nineteenninety-eight或theeighthofJune,nineteenninety-eight。3.世纪、年代表示法:(在)90年代(in.thenineties(在)19世纪(in.thenineteenthcentury(在)18世纪30年代inthe1730s或1730’s4.编号的表示:LessonOne=thefirstlesson第一课;BusNo.3=theNo.3bus3路公共汽车;表示住所时不用“No.”如:302房间Room302(读作:roomthreeotwo);如果编号的数词比较长,一般用基数词。如:Page457第457页;电话号码,用基数词,3855633—threeeightfivefive(doublefive)sixthreethree(doublethree)。5.分数的表达:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于“1”,分母则加“s”。如:1/3onethird,2/3twothirds;另外:1/2a(one)half;1/4onefourth或a(one)quarter;3/4threefourths或threequarters。halfasecond;aquarterofasecond四分之一秒6.表示有小数的词用基数词。5.5fivepointfive12.135twelvepointonethreefive7.表示百分数5℅:fivepercent(percent.0.8℅zeropointeightpercent(percent..8.表示有小数的词用基数词。5.5fivepointfive12.135twelvepointonethreefive9.其他用法:1)基数词+单数名词+形容词构成合成形容词。如:一个五岁的男孩afive-year-oldboy;一座800米长的桥an800-metre-longbridge;女子400米接力girls'400-metrerelayrace。2)具体数词+metre(s)/kilometre(s)/kilo(s)long/high/tall/deep/away等。如:长江长6300公里。TheChangjiangRiveris6,300kilometreslong.3)表示"几十岁"用序数词,eg.在他三十几岁时inhisthirties4)倍数的表达:(一倍用once,两倍用twice,两倍以上用基数词+times。如:5倍fivetimes.。HeisastallaboyasI.HeisaheadtallerthanI.HeistwoyearsolderthanIChinaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.Iamtwiceasoldasyou.(=Iamtwiceolderthanyou./Iamtwicetheageofyou..Mybooksaretwiceasmanyasyours.ChinaisfourtimeslargerthanEurope.(=ChinaisfourtimesthesizeofEurope..Ipaytwiceasmuchasitwasworth.Ipaytwiceasmuchforthehouse.【即学即练】Becauseofthespecialsituationthisyear,about________ofthestudentsinourschool________havingclassesontheInternetathome.A.twothirds;are B.twothird;is C.secondthirds;are D.twothirds;is【答案】A【详解】句意:因为今年的特殊情况,我们学校大约三分之二的学生在家上网课。考查分数的表达以及主谓一致。分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的。基数词作分子,序数词作分母,除了分子是“1”以外,其他情况下序数词都要用复数形式。此处表示“三分之二”,分子用基数词two,分母用thirds。“分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。of后thestudents是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式are。故选A。1.(2021·上海·模拟预测)Stellaisgoingtomoveintoanewflatnextmonth,sosheplanstobuysome________.A.chair B.flower C.furniture D.picture2.(2021·上海上海·二模)Angela,afriendof________,willgobacktoherhometowntostudynextterm.A.I B.me C.my D.mine3.(2022·上海徐汇·二模)Wehaven’tgotmuch_________forourpicnic.Willyougoandgetsome?A.apple B.tomato C.bread D.biscuit4.(2022·上海·一模)Inherletter,AuntieSuetoldusmany_________abouthervisittoBritain.A.news B.stories C.information D.truth5.(2022·上海青浦·一模)Thefarmerraisedplentyof________onhisfarmtosellforfoodandmoney.A.sheep B.cow C.pig D.chicken6.(2020·上海静安·二模)Villagersinthemountainareausedtoraisemany________onthefarmtomakealiving.A.bear B.horse C.chicken D.sheep7.(2022·上海奉贤·九年级期中)There’refive_______booksonmyshelf.A.hundreds B.hundredsof C.hundred D.hundredof8.(2022·上海·一模)Chinesepeoplehavebeenusingtheskillofprintingforovertwo________years.A.thousand B.thousands C.thousandof D.thousandsof9.(2021·上海黄浦·九年级期中)About________studentsinourschoolhavepassedtheP.E.test.A.threehundred B.hundredsof C.severalhundreds D.threehundredof10.(2020·上海青浦·二模)Aftertheearthquake,_________medicalworkersweresenttothedisasterarea.A.thousands B.thousand C.thousandsof D.thousandof11.(2022·上海·九年级单元测试)—Whatshouldwedonow,MrClark?—PleaseturntoPage________andlookatthe________picture.A.Twelfth;fifth B.Twelve;fifth C.Twelve;five D.Twelfth;five12.(2022·上海·九年级单元测试)—Wehavesixtystudentsinourclass.________ofthemareboys.Howmanygirlsarethere?—Forty.A.Onethird B.Twothirds C.Aquarter D.Ahalf13.(2022·上海·九年级单元测试)Isaw________motherstalkingunderthatbigtreeabouttenminutesago.A.LucyandLily B.Lucy’sandLily C.LucyandLily’s D.Lucy’sandLily’s14.(2021·上海长宁·一模)Forthetimebeingwecancollectmuch________eitherfrombooksorontheInternet.A.idea B.method C.information D.suggestion15.(2021·上海徐汇·二模)Timandhisfriendsareplanningtovisitafriendof________inBeijingthissummer.A.they B.their C.themselves D.theirs16.(2021·上海松江·一模)Nowalargenumberofpeople________helpingclearthesnowinthestreet.A.is B.are C.was D.were17.(2021·上海松江·九年级期中)Theygotmuchimportant______fortheirsurveyfromthosenewbooks.A.ideas B.photos C.information D.stories18.(2020·上海静安·一模)Don’tbeafraidtoaskforsome________aboutorderingthemeal.A.suggestion B.method C.opinion D.advice19.(2020·上海宝山·一模)MarychattedwithafriendofonWeChatforalongtimelastnight.A.she B.her C.hers D.herself20.(2020·上海宝山·一模)Thepolicemangaveusmuchonhowtoprotectourselveswhenweareindanger.A.example B.tip C.note D.advice21.(2020·上海闵行·一模)Ithinkoneeffective______formetoimprovemymemoryistohaveenoughsleep.A.information B.advice C.method D.co
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