2024-2025学年新教材高中英语UNIT5LANGUAGESAROUNDTHEWORLDSectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructures学案含解析新人教版必修第一册

PAGEUNIT5LANGUAGESAROUNDTHEWORLDSectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructures定语从句1．关系副词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系副词包括when,where,why，一般代替先行词在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、缘由。其具体用法见下表：关系副词先行词在从句中所作的成分when表示时间时间状语where表示地点地点状语why表示缘由缘由状语Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichIfirstcametoBeijing.我仍旧记得我第一次来到北京的那一天。Thefactorywhere/inwhichhisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.他爸爸工作的那个工厂在城市的西边。Thereasonwhy/forwhichhewaslatewasthathemissedthebus.他迟到的缘由是他错过了公交车。[特殊提示]在比较正式的用法中，可以用“介词＋which”代替关系副词when,where,why。2．关系代词与关系副词的选用定语从句的引导词用关系代词还是关系副词取决于定语从句缺少的句子成分。假如从句缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语则用关系代词；假如从句缺少状语则用关系副词。Thisisthefactorywhereheusedtowork.这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。(work是不及物动词，无需有宾语，从句缺状语)Thisisthefactorythat/whichIvisitedlastyear.这是我去年参观过的那家工厂。(visit是及物动词，后边缺少宾语)Theyplantedsometreeswhichdidn'tneedmuchwater.他们种了一些不须要太多水的树。(从句缺主语)Isthisthemuseumwheretheexhibitionwasheld?这就是举办展览的那座博物馆吗？(被动语态形式的从句不缺主语、宾语和定语，缺状语)3．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词作介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词前，形成“介词＋关系代词”结构。该结构中的关系代词可用which或whom。(1)该结构中的介词可以依据与从句中谓语动词的搭配、与先行词的搭配或句子意义来确定。Isthisthecarforwhichyoupaidahighprice?这就是你高价买的汽车吗？(依据从句中谓语动词pay的搭配确定)Thisisthecamerawithwhichheoftentakesphotos.这就是他常常用来拍照的相机。(依据与先行词的搭配确定)Thisisthepilotwithwhommyfatherhasworkedfortenyears.这就是和我爸爸一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。(依据意义搭配)(2)“名词/数词/代词等＋介词＋关系代词”结构。有时“介词＋关系代词”前还会出名词、数词、代词等，表示部分、整体、数量等概念。Theriver,thebanksofwhicharecoveredwithtrees,flowstothesea.这条河流入大海，河的两岸种满了树。Hehasthreesons,twoofwhomareteachers.他有三个儿子，其中有两个是老师。[特殊提示]有些“动词＋介词”短语，如lookfor,lookafter,callon等不行拆开把介词置于关系代词之前。Thedoctorthatyousentforhasnotcome.你派人去请的那个医生还没有来。ThegirlwhomIcameacrossinthestreetyesterdayisafriendofmine.我昨天在街上遇见的那个女孩是我的一个挚友。ThechancewhichIlongedforhascomeatlast.我盼望的机会最终来了。用所给词的适当形式填空或在空白处填入适当的词1．Thereasonwhyhemissedthisclassisclearnow.2．Rabbitsusuallymaketheirhomesinfields,wheretheycanhidetheiryoungunderbushesorgrasses.3．Thevillagewherehegrewupisnotfarawayfromourtown.4．Itismorningwhenwehavefourclasses,notafternoon.5．ShemovedtoQingdaoin1985,whenshewasonly17yearsold.6．Xiamenisabeautifulcity,to_whichIpaidatwo­dayvisitduringtheSpringFestival.7．Thisarticlemayshocksomesensitivereaders,to_whomIoffermyapologiesinadvance.22SectionⅢListeningandTalking，ReadingforWritingⅠ.重点单词1．strugglen．&vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗2．gasn．汽油；气体；燃气3．petroln．(NAmEgas)汽油4．subwayn．地铁5．apartmentn．(especiallyNAmE)公寓套房6．equaln．同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同样的→equallyadv.相等地→equalityn．同等，同等7．gapn．间隔；开口；差距8．demandn．要求；需求vt.剧烈要求；须要vi.查问→demandingadj.(工作)苛求的，费劲的9．vocabularyn．词汇10．descriptionn．描写(文字)；形容→describevt.描述11．relatev.联系；讲解并描述→relatedadj.有关的；在联系的→relationn．关系，联系，亲戚→relativen．亲戚；adj.相对的→relativityn．相对性Ⅱ.重点短语1．pointofview观点；看法2．fightfor为争取……而斗争3．giveup放弃4．usedtodo过去常常干某事5．havetroublewithsth.在某方面有困难6．compare...with...把……和……相比7．dependon依靠；依靠8．relateto与……相关；涉及；谈到9．asidefrom除了……以外10．can'thelpbutdo不得不……11．atthebeginningof在……起先的时候12．introducesb.tosb.把某人介绍给某人Ⅲ.重点句型1．ListeningtoEnglishradioprogrammeshelpsmegetusedtohowfastnativespeakerstalk.收听英语广播节目帮助我习惯母语是英语的人说话的速度。2．Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow，please?打开窗户，你介意吗？3．ButifI'mtalkingtosomeonewhoisn'tveryclosetome，Imustmakemyrequestlonger—andImustmakeitaquestion，notademand，e.g.，“Couldyouopenthewindow，please？”但是假如我和一个不是很亲近的人说话，我必需把我的恳求说得长一点——我必需让它成为一个问题，而不是一个要求，如“你能把窗户打开吗？”4．Ican'tkeepallthenewvocabularystraightinmyhead，andIcertainlycan'trememberhowtousethemallproperly.我不能把全部的新词汇都记在脑子里，当然我也记不住如何正确地运用它们。1eq\a\vs4\al(strugglen.&vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗)[典型例句]Theyhadtostrugglewith/againstallkindsofdifficulties.他们得和各种各样的困难做斗争。Shestruggledtogetawayfromherattacker.她挣扎着想摆脱那个攻击她的人。Afteralongstruggle，theoldwomangainedcontrolofherbusiness.经过长期努力，这位老妇人在业务上已能应付自如。Hestruggledagainstcancerfortwoyears.他同癌症抗争了两年。Hehasbeenstrugglingforsuccessinbusiness.(＝Hehasbeenstrugglingtosucceedinbusiness.)为了事业的胜利，他始终努力奋斗。[思维拓展]struggletodosth.努力去做某事strugglewith/against...同……做斗争struggleforsth.为某事而努力struggleon挣扎着坚持下去struggletoone'sfeet挣扎着站起来[即学即练](1)Thissmallfoodfactoryreducedtheirproductpricestostruggleforexistenceinthelocalmarket.(2)Theprisonerstruggledwith/againstthepolicemanbutcouldn'tescape.(3)Bravely,Marystruggledtoherfeet,andfoughtagainstthewindandrain.(4)Hehasbeenstrugglingwith/againstillnessformanyyears.2eq\a\vs4\al(equaln.同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同样的)[典型例句]Aremenequaltowomeninphysicalstrength?在体力上男人和女人相同吗？Shedidnotfeelequaltoreceivingvisitors.她觉得自己不适合接待来客。YaoMingisabasketballplayerwithoutequalinChina.在中国，姚明是个无与伦比的篮球运动员。[思维拓展]beequalto＋n./doingsth.等于；与……相等；有……的实力(志气、力气等)；胜任，能干bewithoutequal/havenoequal无与伦比equalvt.等于；抵得上AequalsBin...A在……方面比得上Bequallyadv.相同地；同样地equalityn．同等[即学即练](1)Heequalsmeinstrengthbutnotinintelligence(智力)．(2)Icouldn'tfindapersonwhocanbeequaltothiswork.eq\o(\s\up1(3),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(demandn.要求；需求vt.剧烈要求；须要；查问；逼问)[典型例句]Itwasadilemmabecausethefootballercouldhavedemandeddamagesifwewerewrong.这是一个两难的问题，因为假如我们错了，足球队员就可以要求赔偿损失。Goodsecretariesarealwaysindemand.优秀的秘书总是很抢手。Itisimpossibletosatisfyallyourdemands.满意你全部的要求是不行能的。Idemandtoseethemanager.＝IdemandthatI(should)seethemanager.我坚决要求见经理。Allthesettlersnearbydemandedthatthenightclub(should)moveawayassoonaspossible.旁边全部居民都要求那家夜总会尽早搬走。[思维拓展]meet/satisfysb.'sdemands满意某人的要求indemand特别须要的；受欢迎的demandtodosth.要求做某事demandthat...要求……demandsth.of/fromsb.向某人要求某物[误区警示]demand(要求)作动词，后跟宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气；demand(要求)作名词时，与其相关的名词性从句亦应用虚拟语气。两种状况下，从句谓语形式均为“(should＋)动词原形”。[巧学妙记]“一二三四”记“虚拟”表示“吩咐；要求；劝说”的词归纳(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句中需用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用should＋动词原形，should可省略)：一坚持：insist二吩咐：order;command三建议：advise;suggest;propose四要求：request;require;demand;desire[即学即练]Wedemandedthatwe(should)_be_informed(inform)anychangeintheplan.4eq\a\vs4\al(descriptionn.描写文字；形容)[典型例句]Hegaveafulldescriptionoftheaccident.他具体地描述了那场事故。[思维拓展]beyonddescription难以描述，无法形容giveadescriptionof...描述……describev．描写；描述describe...as/tobe...把……描述成……[即学即练]Thebeautyofmyhometownisbeyonddescription(describe)．5eq\a\vs4\al(relatev.联系；讲解并描述)[典型例句]Ifounditdifficulttorelatethetwoideasinmymind.我觉得很难把这两种想法联系在一起。Sherelatesherchildhoodexperiencesinthefirstchapters.在起先的几章中，她讲解并描述了自己童年的经验。Itisdifficulttorelatetheseresultswithanyknowncause.这些结果很难与任何已知的缘由联系在一起。[思维拓展]relatedadj.有关的；在联系的relationn．关系，联系，亲戚relativen．亲戚；adj.相对的relativityn．相对性relatesth.to/withsth.把……与……联系起来relatetosb./sth.与……相关；涉及；谈到[即学即练]Canyourelatewhathappenedinyourchildhoodtoyourpresentstateofmind?考点集训一单句语法填空1．Theyhadtostrugglefortheirlivesagainstweatherandwildanimals.2．Ithasbeensuggestedthatthelandbesharedequally(equal)amongthepeasants.3．ShedemandedthatI(should)_tell(tell)everythingtoheraboutit.4．Thesetwoeventswererelatedtoeachother.5．Hegaveusabriefdescription(describe)oftheproblem.1eq\a\vs4\al(pointofview观点；看法)[典型例句]Lennoxhastakenthepointofviewthatmoneyisnoteverything.伦诺克斯认为金钱不是一切。Frommypointofviewthisbookisworthreadingcarefully.在我看来，这本书值得细致阅读。Inmypointofview,heissuchawonderfulman.依我之见，他人特殊好。[思维拓展]from/inmypointofview＝inmyopinion在我看来；依我之见；从我的角度看asfarassb.beconcerned就……而言；关于[即学即练]Trytolookatthisfrommypointofview.2eq\a\vs4\al(usedtodosth.过去常常做某事)[典型例句]Heusedtosmoke.他过去常常抽烟。Thereusedtobelowanddirtyhouses.那里曾有些又矮又脏的房舍。[误区警示]usedto的疑问句和否定句要运用助动词did，此时要用原形use；疑问句也可把used提前，否定句用usednotto。—Didheusetoliveinthecountryside?——他过去常住在乡下吗？—Yes，hedid./No，hedidn't.——是的，他常住在乡下。/不，他不常住在乡下。[易混辨析]简洁混淆的三个used句型usedtodo表示过去惯常的动作或常存在的状态，仅用一般过去时。beusedto表示“习惯于……”，to为介词，后接(动)名词。beusedtodo为被动语态，表示“被用来做……”。MrWhiteusedtoliveinChina，soheisusedtoChinesedishes.怀特先生过去常住在中国，所以习惯吃中国菜。Clothisusedtomakeclothes.布料被用来做衣服。[即学即练]Iusedtoget(get)upearlyandtakeexercise，butIamlazynow.3havetroublewith...在某方面有困难[典型例句]Lucyalwayshastroublewithherbrother.露西常常跟她哥哥闹冲突。We'rehavingalotoftroublewiththenewcomputersystem.我们的新电脑系统有很多问题。[思维拓展]havedifficultywithsth.在某方面有困难havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困难[误区警示]在上述结构中trouble为不行数名词。[即学即练]Tomwashavingmuchtroublegetting(get)upinthemorningandwasalwayslateforwork.4eq\a\vs4\al(dependon依靠；依靠；希望；取决于；视……而定)[典型例句]Meanwhileyouhavetopreparethenextquestiondependingonwhatthepersonsays.同时，你还要依据被采访人所说的话打算提出下一个问题。Youmaydependon/uponherarrivingontime.你可以信任她会准时到来。Childrendependontheirparentsforfoodandclothing.孩子们依靠父母供应衣食。[思维拓展]dependon/uponsb.todosth.依靠某人做某事dependon/uponsb.'sdoingsth.信任/希望某人做某事dependon/uponsb.forsth.靠某人供应某物dependon/uponitthat...请信任……Thatdepends./Italldepends.视状况而定。—IsTomcoming?——汤姆来吗？—Thatdepends.Hemaynothavetime.——那要看状况。他不肯定有时间。[误区警示]dependon后面不能干脆跟that引导的宾语从句，通常要用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句放在后面。[即学即练]I'mplanningtoholdapartyintheopenair，butIcanmakenoguarantees(保证)becauseitdependsontheweather.考点集训二单句语法填空1．Inmyopinion，mybestfriendchangedmyattitudetowardslife.2．Iusedtolive(live)inShanghai，butnowIamusedtoliving(live)here.3．Ihavesometroublereading(read)hishandwriting.4．Itisknowntousallthatalllivingthingsdependonthesunfortheirgrowth.5．Whenhewasastudent，heusedto_get(get)upearly.eq\o(\s\up1(1),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al()ListeningtoEnglishradioprogrammeshelpsmegetusedtohowfastnativespeakerstalk.收听英语广播节目帮助我习惯母语是英语的人说话的速度。这是一个简洁句，主语是ListeningtoEnglishradioprogrammes，动名词短语在句中作主语。动名词(短语)作主语的用法：①干脆放在句首作主语，谓语用单数形式②用it作形式主语eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(Itisnouse/nogood/fun/awaste,oftime/...＋doing,Itisuseless/nice/interesting/,worthwhile/...＋doing))③可以用名词全部格或形容词性物主代词作其逻辑主语It'snousepretendingthatyoudidn'tknowtherules.你假装不知道规则是没有用的。Itisniceplayingchessaftersupper.晚饭后下象棋很开心。Rose'scominglatemakestheteacherveryangry.罗斯的迟到使老师很生气。[即学即练]It'snouselying(lie)tome.Iwon'tbelieveyou.eq\o(\s\up1(2),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow，please？,打开窗户，你介意吗？)Would/Doyoumind...？是礼貌用语，意为“你介意……吗？”“劳驾你……？”“(你)可以……吗？”。用do比较干脆，用would则语气比较委婉。在运用时要留意mind后可跟动名词、动名词复合结构或if从句，不跟不定式。在“Wouldyoumindif...？”中从句常用一般过去时；而在“Doyoumindif...？”句型中，if从句常用一般现在时。Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?＝WouldyoumindifIopenedthewindow?你介意我打开窗户吗？DoyoumindifIsmoke?我吸烟你不介意吧？[误区警示]在回答Would/Doyoumind...？问句时，假如表示“不反对或不介意”，常用“No,notatall/certainlynot/pleasedo/goahead.”等；表示“介意”，则用“I'msorry,butIdo/I'dratheryoudidn't/you'dbetternot.”等来回答。[即学即练]Doyoumindgiving(give)meaglassofwater?eq\o(\s\up1(3),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al()ButifI'mtalkingtosomeonewhoisn'tveryclosetome，Imustmakemyrequestlonger—andImustmakeitaquestion，notademand，e.g.，“Couldyouopenthewindow，please？”但是假如我和一个不是很亲近的人说话，我必需把我的恳求说得长一点——我必需让它成为一个问题，而不是一个要求，如“你能把窗户打开吗？”本句是主从复合句。ifI'mtalkingtosomeonewhoisn'tverycloseme是if引导的条件状语从句，其中又包含了who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词someone。[即学即练]I'llgivethebooktohimifhecomesherenextSunday.eq\o(\s\up1(4),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al()Ican'tkeepallthenewvocabularystraightinmyhead，andIcertainlycan'trememberhowtousethemallproperly.我不能把全部的新词汇都记在脑子里，当然我也记不住如何正确地运用它们。句中and连接两个并列句，howtousethemallproperly在句中作动词remember的宾语。“疑问词/whether＋不定式”结构用法面面观：(1)疑问词：what，which，when，where，how，who，whom等。(2)语法功能：在句中作主语(谓语动词用单数形式)、宾语、表语、同位语、补语等。(3)可以接该结构作宾语的动词有ask，consider，decide，discuss，explain，forget，know，learn，remember，show，teach，tell，wonder等。Wheretogoforatripisstillaquestion.去哪里旅游仍是个问题。(作主语)Hehastolearnhowtocollectwater，huntforfood，andmakeafire.他得学会如何收集淡水、找寻食物、生火。(作宾语)Thequestioniswhichtochoose.问题是选哪一个。(作表语)[即学即练]Hetolduswhetherto_have(have)apicnicwasstillunderdiscussion.考点集训三单句语法填空1．Waiting(wait)inalongqueuemadehimtired.2．Wouldyoumindmysmoking(smoke)here?3．Whatto_do(do)withtheproblemisstillunknown.4．WhenIfirstcametoNewYork，Ihadalotoftroublemakingmyselfunderstood(understand)．5．Theheavywindmadeitharderforustoclimbthemountain.