2024-2025学年高中英语Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestarsSectionⅡLearningaboutLanguage课时作业新人教版必修3

PAGEPAGE1SectionⅡLearningaboutLanguageⅠ.语法填空1．Thattheuniversebeganwiththe“bigbang”hasbeenwidelyaccepted.解析：句意：宇宙起先于“大爆炸”已被广泛接受。从句中意义完整，只须要引导词。2．Ithasbeenprovedthathavingabalanceddiethelpstokeephealthy.解析：句意：据证明拥有一个均衡的饮食有助于保持健康。it为形式主语，后面从句为真正的主语，且从句意义完整。3．ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.解析：句意：英语正被接受成为国际性语言是一个事实。此处用it作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。4．Whatmadetheparentsproudwasthattheirsonhadbeenadmittedtoakeyuniversity.解析：句意：让父母骄傲的是儿子考上一所重点高校。第一个空用what引导主语从句，what在该从句中充当主语；was后为表语从句，该从句中不缺少任何成分，故用that引导，且不行省略。5．Itworriedhimabitthathismemorywasbecomingworse.解析：句意：他的记忆力正在变差让他有点担忧。it为形式主语，真正的主语从句中不缺少任何成分，故用that引导主语从句，且不行省略。6．Whethertheirflightwillarriveontimeiswhattheyareconcernedabout.解析：句意：他们的航班是否准时到达是他们所担忧的。依据语境，主语从句应用whether引导，表示未定的事；what引导表语从句，在从句中作areconcernedabout的宾语。7．Whatmakesthebooksoextraordinaryisthecreativeimaginationofthewriter.解析：句意：使这本书如此精彩的是作者的创建性的想象力。主语从句缺少主语要用what引导。8．Whenandwhyhecamehereisnotknownyet.解析：句意：他什么时候以及为什么来这儿还不知道。whenandwhy引导的从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。9．Helefthomeseveraldaysago.Wherehehasgoneworriesmanypeopleandistobefoundout.解析：考查从句的连接词。句意：他几天前离开家。他去了哪里让很多人担忧，并且会被弄明白。这是一个主语从句，由句意可知，填where。10．SteveJobshasgonebutwhathehasleftbehindistrulyextraordinary.解析：steveJobs已经离开了，但他所留下来的是真正非同寻常的。分析句子结构可知，“________hehasleftbehind”是主语从句，且关系代词在从句中作宾语，故选what。Ⅱ.单句改错1．Itsurprisedmemostwasthattheyhadfinisheditsoquickly.It→What解析：依据句意和句子结构可知，这里it应当改为what，用what引导主语从句并在从句中作主语，指物。2．Whohashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.Who→Whoever解析：句意：不管是谁救了这个溺水的小女孩都值得表扬。who含特指意义，有详细对象；而whoever含泛指意义，表示“无论谁”，相当于anyonewho。3．WhetherIamafraidofistheirtakinghimtoPortugal.Whether→What解析：从句意和句子成分看，这里须要连接词引导主语从句并在从句中作of的宾语指物，应当用what引导。4．Itisadifficultquestionhowmanymyemployeeswillgetasarise.many→much解析：依据句意可知，这里主语从句表示“我的员工们的薪水能够涨多少”，这里说的“多少”是不行数含义，应当用howmuch引导主语从句，并在从句中作get的宾语。5．Itmakeshimhappyisthathisparentswillbuyhimanewcomputer.It→What解析：从句子结构看，这里it应当改为what，用连接代词what引导主语从句并在从句中作主语，指物。6．Whichwefoundinterestingwasjusthowoftenpeoplewereusingtheirmobilephones.Which→What解析：which引导名词从句时表示选择含义，而这里主语从句表示“我们觉得好玩的是”，连接词引导主语从句并在从句中作宾语指物，此时应当用what引导这个主语从句。7．AsisknowntoallisthatDiaoyuIslandispartofChina.As→What解析：本句运用了what...isthat...结构，用what引导主语从句并在从句中作主语，指物。8．Itremainstobefoundoutwhichsideeffectthemedicinewillhaveonpatients.which→what解析：which表示选择含义，而本句不表示选择，而是表达“这种药对病人有什么副作用”，应当用what引导主语从句并在从句中作定语修饰sideeffect。9．Whateverofthebooksyouwanttotakeisfinewithme.I'lljustpayforthem.Whatever→Whichever解析：语境中的ofthebooks表示选择范围，此时应当用whichever引导主语从句并在从句中作主语，指物。10．Ithasbeenprovedagainandagainwhichfrequentadvertisingincreasesproductsales.which→that解析：依据句意可知，句中的which要改为that，用that引导主语从句，连接词在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用表陈述。Ⅲ.阅读理解Astronomyistheoldestscienceknowntoman.Thousandsofyearsagomanlookedatthestarsandwonderedabouttheheavens.Butmanwaslimitedbywhathecouldseewithhiseyesalone.TheGreeksstudiedastronomyover2,000yearsago.Theycouldseethesize,color,andbrightnessofstars.Theycouldseetheirplacesinthesky.Theywatchedthestarsmoveastheseasonschanged.ButtheGreekshadnotoolstohelpthemstudythestarryheavens.Eachnewtooladdedtothefieldofastronomy:ithelpedmanreachoutintospace.Untilthereweretelescopes(望远镜),manknewlittleaboutthemoon.TheydidnotknowthattheplanetcalledSaturn(土星)hasringsaroundit.Theirsightwassolimitedthattheycouldnotseealltheplanets.Intheearly1700s,peoplethoughttherewereonlysixplanets.Beforethespectroscope(分光镜),mandidnotknowwhatkindofgasesisinthesunorotherstars.Withouttheradiotelescope(射电望远镜),wedidnotknowthatradionoisescomefromfaroutinspace.Today,astronomyisagrowingscience.Wehavelearnedmoreinthelastfiftyyearsthaninthewholehistoryofastronomy.文章大意：天文学是一门最古老的学科，随着技术的发展，这门学科发展得很快。1．ThepassagemainlytellsusD.A．thespectroscopehelpsmanknowwhatkindofgasesisinthesunandotherstarsB．therearenineplanetsinspaceC．thereismuchnoiseinspaceD．sciencecan'tgrowfastwithoutmoderntechnology解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段为主题段，其他段都是围绕这一主题绽开，最终一段再次点明主题。故答案选D。其他选项为细微环节。2．Thousandsofyearsago,A.A．manwatchedthestarswiththeireyesB．telescopeshelpedmantostudythestarsC．manknewnothingabouttheskyD．manknewSaturnhasringsaroundit解析：细微环节理解题。由第一段第三句话可知，几千年前人们主要通过肉眼来视察星球。3．WhentheGreekswatchedthestars,theyknewallofthefollowingEXCEPTD.A．thecolorofthestarsB．thesizeofthestarsC．themovementofthestarsD．whatthestarsweremadeupof解析：细微环节理解题。由其次段可知，只有D项的内容“星球是由什么组成的”没有提到。4．MannowknowsD.A．themoonhasringsarounditB．therearesixplanetsC．Saturn'sringscanbeseenbyhumaneyesD．radionoisescomefromfaroutinspace解析：细微环节理解题。由第四段最终一句可推知，现在人们已经知道无线电噪声来自遥远的太空。Ⅳ.七选五依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everydaycanbeafresh,newbeginning—thisisveryimportantifyouhadadifficultdaybefore.Bystartingwithapositiveattitude,youcanfacethechallengesofthedayinagoodstateofmind.1.CExercise.Exercisingisoneofthebestmethodstostartyourdayforyourmindaswellasthebody.2.FInaddition,italsoreducesstressandimprovesyourmetabolism(新陈代谢).Sogoforawalk,goforabikeride,orgotothegyminthemorning.Organizeyourself.3.AMakeato­dolistandmakeanefforttofollowit.Itwillkeepyouorganizedandmakeyourdayeasier.However,makesurethatyourto­dolistismanageable.Thereareonlysomanythingsyoucandoinaday.Smile.Startingyourdaybyactingthewayyouwanttofeelcanhelpyoubemorepositive.4.GTheeasiestthingtodoissmile.Justsmilebecauseyouarealiveandyoucan.Watchorlistentosomethinghumoroussoyoucanlaugh.Itmakesyoufeelpositiveandreallygoodaboutyourselfandtheworldthatsurroundsyou.Keepimportantitemsinthesameplace.Tomakemorningslessbusy,startahabit—keepingyourimportantitemsinoneeasilyaccessibleplace.5.DThisway,youareneverlookingforthatlostitemwhenyouarerunningbehind.A．Writedownthetasksfortheday.B．Tryotheractionstogetyourselftofeelhappier.C．Trysomeofthefollowingtipstostartyourdayright.D．Putyourkeys,wallet,purse,andotherimportantitemsthere.E．Insteadofrushingthroughthemorning,goslowandtakeyourtime.F．Itincreasesbrainfunction,whichcanhelpyougetajump­startontheday.G．Ifyoufeelannoyedortired,dosomethingphysicaltomakeyourselffeelhappy.文章大意：本文为说明文。如何起先新的一天呢？本文提出了一些好用的建议。1．解析：由下文给出的一些起先新的一天的建议可推断选C项。2．解析：由后一句可推断此处说明运动的作用，故选F项。3．解析：由后一句“Makeato­dolistandmakeanefforttofollowit.”可知，该空建议写下任务。4．解析：G项中的“makeyourselffeelhappy”与本段中“smile”相吻合。5．解析：D项中的“keys,wallet,purse,andotherimportantitems”与本段中“importantitems”相吻合。Ⅴ.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Afterthe“BigBang”，theearthwasjustacloudofdust.Itexploded1.loudly(loud)withfireandrock,2.whichwereintimetoproducethewatervapor,carbondioxideandother3.gases(gas)．Thensmallplantsgrew.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseas4.withoxygen.Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstgreenplantsbegantoappearonland.Whentheplantsgrewintointoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallyby5.laying(lay)eggs.Nowsmallcleveranimalswithhandsandfeetappearedand6.spread(spread)allovertheworld.7.Astimegoesby,8.theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromtheearthintospace.9.Whetherlifewillcontinueonearthformil