2025年高二英语寒假衔接讲练 (译林版)第05讲 语法填空(含单句填空和语篇填空)(知识讲解+名校新题练)(学生版)

第05讲语法填空(含单句填空和语篇填空)目录新知导航：熟悉题型、掌握知识脉络基础知识：知识点全面梳理，掌握必备重点记忆：关键点快速记忆，提升能力小试牛刀：考点剖析+过关检测，合理应用语法填空题的测试重点在于考查同学们能否将高一阶段所学的语言知识运用到实际的英语读写活动中去。语法填空试题基本上涉及了高一阶段所学的各类语法项目，而且考点分布比较均衡。从设题方式来看，分为给出提示词和不给出提示词两类。已给单词提示题型的技巧这种考查形式主要考查词性转换、名词单复数变化、形容词或副词的比较级与最高级变化、动词的时态和语态(含主谓一致)以及动词的非谓语形式。同样，我们先判断设空处在句中的功能，再确定该用什么形式。(1)谓语动词一般考查1-2个，考生需要根据句子结构判断是否缺谓语动词。一旦确定句子缺少谓语动词，需要从3个方面考虑：时态、语态、主谓一致。确定时态要先观察本句中有无时间状语，不同的时间状语对应不同的时态。没有时间状语的，根据上下文中的时态确定空格的时态，常考查的时态有一般过去时和现在完成时。确定好时态后要考虑语态，也就是谓语动词与主语之间的关系，是主动还是被动。确定时态语态之后，还需考虑主谓一致的问题，即根据主语的单复数形式确定谓语动词的形式。Atalk

(give)tomorrowiswrittenbyProfessorZhang.句中的iswritten是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——tobegiven。(2)非谓语动词一般考查2个左右，这是语法填空中的一大难点。首先，要先观察设空句的主句和从句中有没有谓语动词来判断是否选用非谓语动词；其次要根据句子成分(主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等)明确合适的非谓语动词形式(不定式、V-ing形式、过去分词)。总之，可以把握一个总体方向，即V-ing形式往往表主动或动作进行，过去分词一般表示被动或完成，不定式一般作目的状语或后置定语。2、形容词、副词命题主要围绕两点：一是形容词、副词的比较级与最高级；二是构词，如形容词变副词、动词变形容词、名词变形容词等词性转换和un,dis,in,im,ir,il等否定前缀。例：Iam(tall)thanLiuWen.Heisthetalleststudentsinmyclass.此题后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“lesstall”。3、名词除动词变名词的词性转换外，名词主要考查单复数和所有格的变化。Therearemanystudentslivingatschool，the

(child)housesareallfarfromschoo1.由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式——复数的所有格children’s。4、代词考查代词时有时会给出提示词，这种情况多考查人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)以及反身代词。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如noone／none、other／another等。例：Thekingdecidedtoseethepainterby

(he).由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。5.数词形式变化。数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀一teen、ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one／two的特殊变化形式

once／twice例：TomythreesonsIleavemyseventeenhorses.Myeldestsonshalltakeahalf，mysecondsonshalltakea

(three).从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得ahalf，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。6.词的派生。词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。例：Liouslosthiswalletyesterday，SOhewasvery____(happiness).在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un，就成了unhappy。未给单词提示题型的技巧这种形式主要考查同学们对语篇的理解、对逻辑关系的把握以及对固定搭配和常见句式的掌握程度。考查的内容主要是冠词、介词、代词、情态动词、连词、连接代/副词、关系词和句式。因为没有提示词，所以同学们需要根据短文大意、上下文的逻辑关系和对一些长难句的结构分析来判断设空处在句中的功能，从而界定其词性，确定其意义，最后确定其内容。1：固定短语结构。根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。例1：Thechildrenwereplayingontheground,enjoying______,dirtybuthappy.从句中的happy可以猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enj0yoneself短语，故其答案为themselves。2：短语动词结构。短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。例1：Theusconsists____fiftystates.根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由......组成”，所以答案是of。3：短语介词结构。短语介词即多个词的组合。起介词作用的短语，如：exceptfor，dueto等。例1：MrSmithtookaplanetoLondon____oftakingatrain.此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语insteadof。4：连词、关联短语结构。常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有both…and...，either…or...，neither…nor...，notonly…butalso...等。例1：____MarrieandJannielikegoingtothetheatre.横线处的词与后面可以构成both?and，故答案为Both。5：冠词、介词和常用的副词。冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much等。例1：Jackielikestodriveat____highspeed.这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成atahighspeed，“以高速”开车。如何确定谓语动词的时态慧眼识别标志词认清常考时态的标志性时间状语(1)看到often,usually,always,everytime,sometimes等时间状语，要想到用一般现在时。(2)看到yesterday,lastyear,in2022,theotherday,twodaysago,，一段时间+later等时间状语，要想到用一般过去时。(3)看到tomorrow,nextyear,inaweek,inthefuture,soon等时间状语，要想到用一般将来时。(4)看到atthismoment,atpresent,now等时间状语,要想到用现在进行时。(5)看到since,recently,lately,already,inthelastpastfewyears,sofar/uptonow,for+时间段，eversince..，等时间状语，要想到用现在完成时。(6)看到bythen,bytheendof...等时间状语，要想到用过去完成时。瞻前顾后找并列(1)可根据并列连词and,but,or,ratherthan,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。(2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。通过“常用句式”法掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。如：(1)was/weredoingsth.whensb.did...(2)had(just)donesth.when+一般过去时(3)This/It/Thatisthefirst/second...timethatsb.have/hasdone...(4)This/It/Thatwasthefirst/second...timethatsb.haddone...(5)祈使句+and/or+陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时(6)It’s(high)timethat...did/shoulddosth.通过“语境暗示”法分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，而没有标志性的时间状语，且其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示解题,也是解决时态问题的一种行之有效的方法。如何确定谓语动词的语态1.依据逻辑关系，辨析主动或被动(1)分析句子结构,发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态；若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。(2)被动语态的基本形式为:be+过去分词，不同形式的被动语态的结构见下面的【注意】。(3)运用上面的技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态,再根据主谓一致判断be动词的形式。2.牢记主动表被动含义的句式结构(1)当feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容词时；(2)当cut,read,sell,wear,write,wash等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时；(3)当breakout,takeplace,shutoff,turnoff,workout等动词短语表示“发生，关闭，制定”等意思时。考点一、单句语法填空1.(2023上·河北邯郸·高二磁县第一中学校考阶段练习)Edmontonis(freeze)coldinwinter,withdailytemperaturesaveragingminus10degrees.2.Thepatientmayhaveseenmanyskilledspecialists,noneofcancurehimoftheraredisease.3.Millionsofpeoplehavetried(repeat)toquitsmokingandfailedmiserably.4.Soifastudenthashishead(lower)tolookathiswatch,itimpliesheisboredandjustcountingtheminutesfortheclasstoend.5.(2023上·河北邯郸·高二磁县第一中学校考阶段练习)ChenWeihadhisdinner(interrupt)whenheheardsomeonescreamingfromanothertable.6.(2023上·重庆黔江·高二重庆市黔江中学校校考阶段练习)Somestudentsactthiswaymerelybecausetheyareafraidof(callon)bytheteacher.7.Allthe(participate)wererequiredtosigninastheyenteredthehalltoattendthemeeting.8.(2023上·广东东莞·高二校考阶段练习)Inhisearlytwenties,hewastoo(ambition)tostayinhishometowntobeaclerkinasmallcompany.9.Heissuchoptimisticandbravepersonthatnogreatdifficultiescoulddefeathim.10.Thetickets(sell)outbeforeIcametothecinema.11.(2023上·广东东莞·高二校考阶段练习)PerhapsnootherscientisthashadagreaterimpactonChina’saerospacescienceQianXuesen.12.Mostadultscomedowntwotothreecoldsayear,andchildrenevenmore.13.Thechildrendonotknowhowtobehave(them)rightly.14.Myhometownisnolongeritusedtobe.15.(2023上·广东东莞·高二校考阶段练习)Large(quantity)ofsoilarewashedbyraineveryyear.16.Ihavetheimpressionpeopletherearealwaysonthego.17.Thefloodvictimshavereceivedbothsympathyand(assist)fromtheinternationalcommunityduringthefloodseason.18.Jackinsistedthathe(steal)thecellphone.19.Withsomuchgoingon,thespacestationneedslotsof(main),soweconstantlychecksupportsystemsanddosomecleaning.20.The(strange)oflivinginspaceisapparentfromthemomentwesleep.考点二、语段语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Passage1(2023上·安徽宣城·高二安徽省宣城中学校考阶段练习)Lastmonth,28–year–oldmodelHuangQiandecidedtoaddbaduanjin(八段锦)toherdailyroutine.Atfirst,shesawvideosofpeoplepracticing1socialmediaplatforms.Soshe2(natural)associateditwiththekindofexercisefavoredbytheelderlybecauseofslowmovements.Nevertheless,nowHuangenjoyspracticingtheexercise,3

stretchesandrelaxesherwholebody.Baduanjin,4formofqigong,isasetoftraditionalChinesefitnessexercises5(combine)physicalmovementwithbreathingandmeditation.It6(date)backtotheSongDynasty(960–1279).Baduanjinusesbreathingandconcentrationtechniques7(improve)bodyandmindthrougheightwell-designedsequences.8(compare)withothertypesofqigongexercise,suchastaichiandwuqinxi,baduanjinismoresuitedtobeginnersthankstoitssimple,gentlemovements.HuangwasalsoexcitedtofindoutthatoneofherfavoritefitnessinfluencersGermanPamelaReif,9(add)baduanjintoherworkoutvideosalready.Thevideohasreceivedmorethan900,000views,49,000likesand24,000reportssinceitwaspostedonBilibilionAug8.Likemanytraditions,suchashanfuandmusic,baduanjinisreceivingagrowing10(recognize)frompeopleofallagesandismakingareturntodailylife.Passage2(2023上·河北邯郸·高二磁县第一中学校考阶段练习)China’straditionaltea-makinghasenteredtheculturalheritagelistoftheUNESCO.Itwilldrivemorepeople1(admire)thisculturalheritageandwillpromotepeople’srespectfortraditionalcultureandhuman2(create).“We’llapplyforandpromotemoreoftheculturalheritageprojects3showChinesespiritandwisdom,soastomakeChineseculturemoreable4(see)globally,”oneexpertsaid.China’straditionalteaprocessingmethodsand5(relate)socialpracticesfocusontheknowledge,skillsandpracticesaroundteagrowing,tea-leafpicking,processing,drinkingandsharing.Sincethousandsofyearsago,based6naturalconditionsandlocalcustoms,teaproducers7(develop)sixtypesoftea:green,yellow,dark,white,oolongandblackteas.Togetherwithreprocessedteas,suchasflower-scented(有花香的)teas,thereareover2,000teaproductsinChinawith8varietyofcolors,smells,tastesandshapes.TeaiscommoninChinese9(people)dailylifeandisservedinhomes,teahouses,etc.It’sanimportantpartofcommunicationandeventssuchasfestivals.Thepracticeofwelcomingguests10buildingrelationshipswithinfamiliesandamongneighborsthroughactivitiesconnectedwithteaiscommon,providingsharedidentity.Passage3(2023上·湖北·高二校联考阶段练习)Theseries“EscapefromtheBritishMuseum”,1(comprise)ofthreeepisodes,hasattractedover310millionviewssinceitsreleaseinlateAugustonDouyin.Itgives2accountofajadeteapottransformingintoawomanandescapingtheBritishMuseumwiththeassistanceofaChinesejournalist.Toourrelief,3hassparkedanappealforthereturnofChineseculturalrelicsisthewidespreadpopularityoftheseries.Recently,aformalnotice4(submit)totheChineseFilmAdministrationtomakeafull-lengthanimatedversionof“EscapefromtheBritishMuseum”.Unliketheoriginalseries5(concentrate)onasingleartifact,themoviewillfeaturemultipleChineserelicsthatlongfor6(they)homelandandchoosetoreturntoChina.ThedistinguishedwriterWangXuewenwillbeentrustedwithcraftingthescreenplay,thoughitisnotrevealedwhethertheseriesoriginatorswillalsobeinvolvedinthe7(adapt).Chinesestatemediahavealso8(enthusiastic)advocatedtheDouyinseries.“WearethrilledtoseeChineseyoungpeoplearepassionate9historyandtradition,”remarkedstatebroadcasterCCTV.“WealsoeagerlyawaittheearlyreturnofChineseartifacts10havebeendisplacedoverseas.”Passage4(2023上·福建泉州·高二校考阶段练习)Thesizeoffishintheoceansisshrinking.AnewreportfromCanadastatesfishmayshrinkbyasmuchasaquarterinthecomingdecades,1mainlyresultsfromglobalwarming.Theresearchteamconcludedtestsontheimpactofrisingoceantemperaturesonthesizeandnumberofover600speciesoffish.Theyconcludedthatmostfisharelikelytoshrinkby14-24percentbytheyear2050.Thebiggestchanges2(see)clearlyintropicalregions.Thereis3(little)oxygeninwarmerwatersofishcannotgrownormallyandmanywillmigratetocoolerwaters.LeadresearcherProfessorWilliamsaid,“weweresurprisedtoseesuchalargedecreaseinfishsize.Marinefishare4(universal)knowntorespondtoclimatechangebychangingdistribution(分布)andseasonality.But5unexpectedlybigeffectthatclimatechangecouldhave6bodysizesuggeststhatwemaybemissingabigpieceofthepuzzleofunderstandingclimatechangeeffectsintheocean.”Headdedthatoverfishingandpollutionwill7(worse)theproblem.“Ourworkshowsavery8(worry)futurefortheoceans,9itisveryimportanttoreducegreenhousegasemissionsanddevelopbetterfishmanagementpolicies10(adapt)tothesechanges,”hesaid.Passage5(2023上·湖南张家界·高二张家界市民族中学校考阶段练习)ZhangZeduan'sQingmingScrollisamasterworkofChineseart1(consist)ofthreemainsections,the2(combine)ofwhichgivesthevieweranideaofwhatlifewaslikeforthepeopleofBianjing.Zhangusedhis3(amaze)precisebrushworktoprovidepeoplewithacomprehensivelookatlifeduringtheNorthernSongDynastyinthepainting,from4wecanknowaboutthe12th-centuryChinesecustoms,clothing,transportationmethods,businesspractices,and5widerangeofbuildings.However,somecriticssuggestthatthepainting6(actual)exposesseriouspoliticalandsocialproblems.Zhang'stimelessscrollisoneoftheexamplesofrealisminthehistoryofChinesepaintings,whosevalueisdown7itsrepresentationofdailylifeaswellasitgreatscale,artisticqualityandattentiontodetail.WiththeQingmingScroll,ZhangmadegreatcontributionstoChineseartand8(have)agreateffectongenerationsoffutureartists.Thelasttimeitwasondisplay,crowdswaitedforalongtimejusttoseethefamouspaintingwith9(they)owneyes.People'senthusiasmabouttheQingmingScrollclearlyshowsthepowerofthis10(history)pieceofart.Passage6(2023上·湖南永州·高二永