2025年高二英语寒假衔接讲练 (译林版)专题02 过去完成时、现在完成进行时、将来进行时（知识讲解+高考必考题型练）（学生版）

专题02过去完成时、现在完成进行时、将来进行时目录考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升学以致用：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破核心考点聚焦高考考点聚焦常考考点真题举例过去完成时2023北京卷现在完成进行时2020天津卷一.过去完成时过去完成时用来描述过去某一时间之前发生的动作或存在的状态,即“过去的过去”。(一)、结构肯定句主语+had+过去分词+其他.否定句主语+had+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句Had+主语+过去分词+其他?特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?Hehaddonealotofresearchintotheissuebeforehecametotheconclusion.在他得出结论之前,他对这个问题做了大量的研究。Johnfeltratherbluebecausehehadnotdoneaswellinhisfinalexamsashehadexpectedto.约翰很难过,因为他的期末考未如他所预期的那么好。Hadyouheardofthenewsbeforeitwasbroadcast?消息广播前你听说了吗?IheardyoubegancollectingstampsinFebruary.Howmanystampshadyoucollectedbytheendoflastyear?我听说你从2月份开始集邮。到去年年底你已经收集多少张邮票了?(二)用法1.表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前发生或完成了的动作。即“过去的过去”。常有by,before,after等介词,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可以通过上下文来表示。Bynineo’clocklastnight,wehadgot200picturesfromthespaceship.到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200张宇宙飞船发来的图片。Ididn’twanttoaskherifshehadpassedherexamination.我不想问她是否通过了考试。2.表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for,since构成的时间状语连用。Ihadbeenontheplatformforhalfanhourwhenthetraincame.火车来的时候,我已经在站台上等了半个小时了。Hesaidhehadworkedinthatfactorysince1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。3.叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时。IrecognizedhiminthecrowdbecauseIhadmethimseveraltimesbefore.我在人群中认出了他,因为我以前见过他几次。Ididn’tknowathingabouttheverbs,forIhadnotstudiedmylessonwell.我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课。4.在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时。IreturnedthebookthatIhadborrowed.我已归还了我借的书。Hewitnessedthegreatchangesthathadtakenplaceinhishometownduringthepastfewyears.【即学活用】他目睹了他的家乡在过去几年里发生的巨大变化。5.过去完成时常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。*Hesaidthathehadgainedascholarshipof5,000yuan.他说他获得了5000元的奖学金。IthoughtIhadsenttheletteraweekbefore.我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。6.过去完成时用在状语从句中:在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在前,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。如when,before,after,assoonas,till/until引导的从句。WhenIwokeup,ithadalreadystoppedraining.我醒来时雨已经停了。Shedidn’tgotobeduntilshehadfinishedherwork.她直到把工作做完才睡觉。【名师点津】如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时,特别是在包含before和after的复合句中,因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。7.动词think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。Hehadplannedtofoundhisowncompany,butfinallygaveuptheideaforlackofmoney.他本来计划成立自己的公司,但最终因为缺钱而放弃了这个想法。*Wehadhopedtobeabletocomeandseeyou.我们本来希望能来看看你。8.过去完成时还可用在hardly...when...,nosooner...than...,Itwasthefirst(second,etc)time(that)...等固定句型中。Hardlyhadtheteacherbeguntosumupthelessonwhenthebellrangannouncingtheendoftheclass.

老师刚开始总结本课内容,下课铃就响了。Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.他刚到就又走了。ItwasthefirsttimethatshehadvisitedtheGreatWall.这是她第一次参观长城。二.现在完成进行时知识点梳理(一)概念现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去。如：Thosecatshavebeenscreamingforhours.那些猫叫了半天了。Wehavebeenwaitingforhimfortwohours.我们等他等了两个小时。Thedollarhasbeenclimbingsteadilyallweek.整个星期美元一直在稳步增值。(二)结构现在完成进行时由“have/hasbeen+现在分词”构成。如：Saleshavebeendroppingoffbadly.销售量一直减少得很厉害。Ihavebeenwaitingforanhourandahalf.我一直等了一个半小时了。We’llhavebeenlivingherefortwoyearsbynextSunday.到下星期日，我们在这里就住了整两年了。(三)用法1.表示“持续”：即表示一个从过去某时开始一直持续的动作，这动作可能刚刚停止，也可能还在进行。如：Shehasbeenpruningtheroses.她一直在修剪玫瑰。He’sbeenhelpinghimselftomystationery.他未经许可一直用我的文具。Thechildrenhavebeenhavingalotoffun.孩子们一直玩得很开心。Sheisverytired.She’sbeenworkingallmorning.她很累。她干了一早晨了。2.表示“重复”即表示在一段持续的时间内动作的多次重复，而这个重复的动作在说话时并不一定在进行。如：We’veallalongbeenmakingmistakeslikethis.我们一直犯这样的错误。JimhasbeenphoningJennyeverynightforthepastweek.一星期以来吉姆每天晚上给詹妮打电话。四、与现在完成进行连用的主要时间状语现在完成进行时所用的时间状语：allday/month;thismonth/week/year;thesedays;recently/lately;inthepastfew+时间段;since+时间点;for+时间段，等等。如：Hehasbeenworkingallday.他整天都在工作。Theyhavebeenbuildingthebridgefortwomonth.两个月来他们一直在修桥。Theyhavebeenplantingtreesthismonth.这个月来他们一直在植树。Carsaleshavebeenshrinkingrecently.汽车销量近来一直在下降。三。将来进行时（一）定义：将来进行时是指将来某个时间正在进行的动作。（二）基本结构：主语+willbe/begoingtobe+doing如：Iwillbesleepingat12:00p.m.十二点的时候我将在睡觉。Iwillbestudyinginuniversityattheageof20.我20岁的时候我将会在大学里学习。（三）基本用法：1、表示在将来的某一时间正在进行的动作这个时态一般不表意愿，常表示已经安排好的事，给人一种期待感。它一般表示离现在比较近的将来，与表示将来的时间状语连用。Whatwillyoubedoingthistimetomorrow?你明天的这个时候在做什么？I'llbetakingmyholidaysoon.我不久将要去度假了。We'llbelivinginLondonnextyear.我们明年就要在伦敦住了。Thetrainwillbeleavinginasecond.火车马上就要开了。也可以表示较远的将来Maybenobodywillbesmokinginfiftyyears.50年后，也许就没有人吸烟了。上文清楚地表明了将来的时间，时间状语有时也可以省略。I'llbewaitingforyou.我会等你。Theywillbemeetingusatthestation.他们会在车站接我们。You'llbehearingfromme.你就等着我的信吧。2、表示事情的发展将来进行时常表示事情正常的发展，是由客观情况决定的I'llbeseeingMr.Smithtomorrow.我明天就将见到斯密斯先生。---Woulditbeanytroubleforyoutopostthisletter?你方便帮我寄一下信吗？---No,notatall.Ishallbegoingoutpresently.方便，很方便。我反正要出去。有时这种事态含有一种附带的意思，语气较为委婉。WillyoubeseeingMarythisevening?你今晚会见到玛丽吗（附带意思：如果你能看到她，请告诉她。。。）I'llbefinishingit.我一会儿就把它做完了。（附带意思：你一会儿就可以拿到它了）Theywillbecomingbeforelong.他们不久就会到达。（附带意思：赶快准备迎接他们吧）3、表示原因，结果，可能（1）表原因Pleasecometomorrowafternoon.TomorrowmorningIwillbehavingameeting.You'dbetterborrowmybike.Iwon'tbeneedingit.也可以用在because的从句中It'snousetryingtoseehimatsixthisevening，becausehewillbegivingalessonthen.Iwon'tbeabletowatchtheprogrambecauseIwillbedoingmyhomework.(2）表结果,常与条件状语从句连用Ifyoudon'twrite,theywillbewonderingwhathashappenedtoyou.IfIfailtoappearat7o'clock,Iwillnotbecomingatall.也可以不与条件状语从句连用，但这样往往含有警告的性质Stopthechild,orhewillbefallingover.抓住那个孩子，要不然他会掉下去的I'llbeforgettingmynamenexttime.下次我连自己的名字都记不清了。（警告自己）Youwon'tbedrivinganycaragainforseveralyears.你几年内都不能再开车了。（3）表可能，说话嗯往往有“我料想”，“我估计”。Hewillbetellingyouaboutittonight.他今晚上会告诉你这件事的。Theroseswillbecomingoutsoon.玫瑰很快就要开了。Hewon'tbewantingthese.他不会要这些东西的。Isupposeyouwillbeleavingsoon.我估计你快要走了。（4）表委婉Willyoubehavingsometea?喝点茶吗？Willyoubeneedinganythingelse?你还需要什么吗？Youwillbeworkingheretomorrow.明天你就在这工作吧。一、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别1.现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时强调动作的延续，因此，表示动作的完成，只能用现在完成时，而不能用现在完成进行时。如：Hehaschangedhisidea.他改变了想法。2.在表示动作的延续时，虽然既可用现在完成时，也可用现在完成进行时，但现在完成进行时强调动作的进行。因此在需要明确表示动作还要持续下去时，应用现在完成进行时。如：Wehavebeenstudyingherefortwoyears.我们在这儿已经学习了两年了。3.在许多情况下，现在完成时表示动作已经完成，而现在完成进行时却并非如此。如：Hehascleanedthewindow.他把窗户擦干净了。(动作已完成)Hehasbeencleaningthewindow.他一直在擦窗户。(动作不一定完成)4.有些静态动词只能用于现在完成时，一般不能用于现在完成进行时。如：I’veknownhimformanyyears.我认识他有许多年了。Thewarhaslastedforalongtime.这场战争持续了很长时间。5.有少数动词(如live,work,teach,study等)用两种时态都可以，意思差别不大。如：I’velived[beenliving]herefor30years.我在这儿住了30年了。Howlonghaveyouworked[beenworking]here?你在这里工作多久了?6.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的相通性：在表达一个从过去开始而现在仍在继续或刚刚结束的动作时，某些动词既可以用现在完成时，也可以用现在完成进行时，如expect,hope,learn,lie,live,look,rain,sleep,sit,snow,stand,stay,study,teach,wait,want,work等。如：你学习英语多久了?正：HowlonghaveyoulearntEnglish?正：HowlonghaveyoubeenlearningEnglish?他已经睡了十个小时了。正：Hehassleptfortenhours.正：Hehasbeensleepingfortenhours.二.将来进行时与一般将来时的比较：一般将来时：表示从现在看来将要发生的动作或存在状态，常表示一个将来的事实，意愿或打算，意为“将要，将会”。will/shalldo：侧重于表示将来的事实，或一种意愿。He’llarriveinShanghaitomorrowmorning.他明天上午到达上海。（语气肯定，是一个将来的事实）begoingtodo：侧重于将来的打算，也常用来表示天气。Theyaregoingtodothejobassoonastheplanisdecided.他们打算一制定出计划来就开始做这项工作。将来进行时：表示从现在看来在将来某个时间点或时间段可能正在进行的动作或者可能发生的事情，可以是对未来某种情景的推理或预测，意为“可能正在；可能会”。三.过去完成时用于虚拟语气1．过去完成时的这一用法,常见于以ifonly等引导的感叹句:Ifonlywehadlistenedtotheiradvice!我们要是听了他们的建议就好了!Ifonlyyouhadworkedwithgreatercare!你要是工作更仔细一些该多好!Wouldthatwehadseenherbeforeshedied.要是在她去世之前我们能见她一面该有多好。2．过去完成时的这一用法还见于构成虚拟语气的条件从句和Iwish...(我希望……),I’drather...(我宁愿……)后的that从句:I’dratheryouhadn’tbeenpresent.我宁愿你当时不在场。IfIhadaskedfordirections,Iwouldn’thavegottenlost.如果我问一下路,就不会迷失方向了。真题感知1.（2023北京卷）Iturnedupattheappointedhourforadinner,onlytofindthatnootherguest(arrive)andmyhostesswasstillinhersleepingsuit.2.(2020·天津高考·2)—Youareagreatswimmer.—Thanks.It’sbecauseIalotthesedays.

A.havebeenpracticingB.waspracticingC.wouldpracticeD.hadpractised提升专练一、单句语法填空1．Althoughhe(intend)tostayforoneyear,henowfeelsreadytostayforanotheryear.2．Hemanagedtofinishthemarathonalthoughhe(injure)hisanklebeforetherace.3．BythetimehearrivedfromEurope,thedisease(break)outinhishometown.4．Aftervisitingmanyfancyrestaurants,shedeclaredthisbowlofnoodlestobethebestthingshe(eat)inChinaever.5．Whensheheardthatherfather(die)intheaccident,sheburstoutcrying.6．Beforehumansarrivedontheisland,thespecies(live)inisolationandeatentheplantsthatnaturallygrewthere.7．DuringhisstayinXi’an,Jerrytriedalmostallthelocalfoodhisfriends(recommend).8．ItwasthefirsttimethatI(read)abookabouthowhumansevolved.9．Shewasthemostremarkablewomanhehadever(encounter).10．Shewassurprisedtofindthatthetrain(leave)whenshearrivedatthetrainstation.11．Therobbers(run)awaybeforethepolicemenarrived.12．ItwasthesecondtimethatmonththatJim(annoy)hismotherbecauseofhisrudeness.13．Itwasthefirsttimeshe(leave)hermotherland.14．Grahamwasverydifficultbeforehecameintomyclass.I(hear)storiesabouthisbadbehavior.15．Itwasthefirsttimethatthebaby(come)downwiththeflu,causingseveresymptoms.16．Bythetimeoflastyear,we(build)twobridges.17．He(picture)theseniorlifemanytimesinhismindbeforehecametothehighschool.18．Itwasthefirsttimethathe(ride)ahorse,andhewasbothnervousandthrilled.19．Itwasthefirsttimethata“digitalhuman”(participate)inthetorch-lightingceremony.20．I(intend)tosayhellotoLinda,butshegotintohercaranddroveoffbeforeIcouldsayaword.21．Sorry,Ican’tmeetyouatfiveo’clocktomorrowafternoon,becauseI(play)soccerthen.22．We(have)anChineseclassat3tomorrowafternoon.23．However,inthenot-too-distantfuture,wewill(live)insmarthomesthatwilllockthedoorforuswhenweareawayandremembertoswitchofftheTVwhenweforget.24．I(read)thenovelborrowedfromthelibraryatthistimetomorrow.25．You(lie)onthesplendidbeachatthistimethenextday,admiringthesunset.26．Theheadmastercan’tattendthemeetingat8o’clocktomorrowasshe(make)anevaluationofProfessorHuintheofficeatthattime.27．Inthefuture,oursmarthome(monitor)ourhealthforuseveryday.28．I(sign)anorgandonationagreementthistimetomorrow.29．Ican’tmeetyouatninetomorrow.I(have)ameeting.30．—Canwetalkaboutmyloantomorrowmorning?—Sorry.I(write)areportathomethen.31．Mytwinsisterwillhaveachemistrylessontomorrowmorning.Thistimetomorrowshe(do)anexperimentatthelab.32．TomorrowTom(travel)toBeijing.Whenhegetsoffthetrain,hiswife(wait)forhim.33．—Guesswhat!Wehavegotourvisasforashort-termvisittotheUK.—Hownice!You(experience)adifferentculturethistimenextyear.34．NextFridayI(go)toanotherconcert.They(play)somethingwrittenbyMozartthatevening.35．—CouldIborrowyourcartopickupafriendfromtheairportthisafternoonasmine(be)brokenatpresent?—Sorry,butI(use)mycaratthatmoment.36．He(have)dinneratseveno'clocktomorrow,whenCCTV(start)tobroadcastnews.37．BetternothangoutwithSamthen.He(work)onhiscriticalarticle.38．Wewon’tbeavailableat2o’clocktomorrowafternoon,becausewe(visit)anartworkshopatthattime.39．Ifhearrivesat8:00a.m．tomorrow,we(wait)forhimattheairport.40．I’mafraidIwon’tbeavailable.I(see)afriendoffat3o’clockthisafternoon.41．They(investigate)themurderforthreeweeks,andhavealreadyfoundsomevaluableclues.42．Inmyyoungeryears,myfathergavemesomeadvicethatI(turnover)inmymindeversince.43．“Yourchild(look)foranopportunitytoclimboutofthewindowalldaylong,”themansaidashegavethechildbacktoher.44．It'shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbers(rise)forsometime.45．People(pour)intostadiumsforvariousreasonssincethedaysofancientGreece.46．Whyareyousolate?I(wait)foryouforthreehours.(所给词的适当形式填空)47．Manyscientistssaythatthenumberofwildanimals(be)gettingsmallerandsmallerinthepastfewyears.48．Inthepastonehour,thefire(extend)almosttothetopfloor,withresidentscrowdingintoroofexit.49．I(do)myhomeworksincethismorning.50．Thefather(chat)withhisdaughtersince5pm.51．He(write)anovelsincehegraduatedfromuniversity.52．I(use)thecomputersinceIwasakid.53．WildanimalssuchastheseTibetanantelopesnow(use)thesepassagesforyears.54．Itis9a.m.now.I(study)inmyEnglishclassfor30minutes.55．Manyartistsdrawwithpensandbrushes,butfew“paint”withknives.WangJing,awomanfromShenyangcityinnortheastChina’sLiaoningProvince,(engage)inthisnovelartformfor27years.56．Duringthepastthreedecades,China(witness)therailwayindustry’stransformationfrommakingslowtrainstomakingdomesticallymanufacturedhigh-speedtrains.57．He(sleep)for6hoursandstillcan`twakeup.58．（2022下·高二单元测试）Haveyoufinishedthereport?-No,I(do)itallbymyself59．Iamtired.I(paint)theoomallday.60．Maria(learn)Englishfortwoyearsandshedoeswellinit.二．句型转换1．Ienteredtheuniversity.ThenIbegantowearglasses.（同义句转换）IglasseseversinceIenteredtheuniversity.2．Thedoorhasbeenlockedbyhim.(改写成主动语态)3．Hismotheristhoughttohavebeenwritingareportonthenewtreatmentallmorning.(同义句转换)Itisthoughtthathismotherareportonthenewtreatmentallmorning.4．I’vebeendoingexerciseregularlyforalongtime,butI’mstillthesameweight.(同义句转化）I’vebeen