专题6. 期末必考点-阅读理解CD篇（教师版）

阅读理解CD篇一(2021-2022学年南京市第五初级中学)CLittlebirdstalkwiththeirsistersandbrothersintheirnest.Theymakeasoundforfood.Mumtellsthemtobequietwhendangercomes.Butnowanewstudyfindsthatkindoftalkbeginslongbeforethebabiesareborn.Evenintheeggs,theycantalkwitheachotherandknowwhentogetoutorwhentokeepwaiting.Tocheckthatfinding,ateamofscientistsfromSpainwatchedunbornbirdscarefullyinSalvoraIsland.Overthere,seabirdsproduceeggsandminkseatbabybirds.Soitisquiteadangerousplaceforbabybirds.Knowingwhentocomeoutoftheeggisamatteroflifeanddeath.Scientistscollectedseabirdeggsandputthemintotwogroups.Whenminkscome,aparentwillgivewarningcallstothebabybirds.Scientistsplayedthosecallsforonegroup.Whiletheothergroupstayedinasafebox.Theywouldneverhearsuchcalls.Whenscientistsputalltheeggstogether,theyfoundsomethingsurprising:afterreceivingwarningcalls,theeggsvibratedmorethantheothers.Thosevibrationsmovedfromoneeggtoanother.Itwasjustliketherewereearsintheeggs.Itwasclearthatunbornbirdstalkedwiththeirsistersandbrothersaboutdanger.32.Thispassageismainlyabout________.A.amagicegg B.awildanimal C.anewstudy D.ahugebox33.ScientistswatchedunbornbirdsinSalvoraIslandbecausetheywantedto________.A.checkwhenbirdsbegintalking B.protecttheseabirdsindangerC.takephotosofbeautifulseabirds D.knowwhenbirdsgetoutofeggs34.Howdidscientistsdotheirresearch?①collectedbirdeggs②playedwarningcalls③puteggstogether④puteggsingroupA.①→②→③→④ B.①→④→②→③C.②→①→④→③ D.②→①→③→④35.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.BirdsinDanger B.LovefromEggsC.NatureforBirds D.TalkintheEggs【答案】32.C33.A34.B35.D【解析】文章讲述了科学家们对未出生的小鸟是否能够在蛋里交谈做了一个实验，并展示了实验结果。32主旨大意题。根据“Butnowanewstudyfindsthatkindoftalkbeginslongbeforethebabiesareborn.”以及“Tocheckthatfinding,ateamofscientistsfromSpainwatchedunbornbirdscarefullyinSalvoraIsland”及后文的介绍了可知，文章是关于一项新的研究的，故选C。33细节理解题。根据“Evenintheeggs,theycantalkwitheachotherandknowwhentogetoutorwhentokeepwaiting.Tocheckthatfinding,ateamofscientistsfromSpainwatchedunbornbirdscarefullyinSalvoraIsland.”可知，为了验证鸟儿们在未出生之前也可以互相交谈，知道什么时候出去，什么时候继续等待，所以科学家们去观察未出生的鸟儿，故选A。34细节理解题。根据“Scientistscollectedseabirdeggsandputthemintotwogroups.Whenminkscome,aparentwillgivewarningcallstothebabybirds.Scientistsplayedthosecallsforonegroup.Whiletheothergroupstayedinasafebox.Theywouldneverhearsuchcalls.Whenscientistsputalltheeggstogether,theyfoundsomethingsurprising:afterreceivingwarningcalls”可知，科学家们的实验过程是：收集鸟蛋——把蛋分组——扮演警告声——再把鸟蛋放在一起；故选B。35最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要是介绍小鸟之间在未出生之前是如何互相交流的，故选D。DLightingisoneofthemostbeautifulnaturalphenomena（现象）.Itisalsooneofthemostdeadlyphenomena.Aboltoflightningissixtimeshotterthanthesurface（表面）oftheSunandgivesout30,000ampsofelectricity（电）.Itcantravelat100,000kilometresperhourandhastheabilitytohitatargetupto40kilometresaway.About1,000peoplearoundtheworldarekilledbylightningeveryday.Onlyabouttenpercentofpeoplestruckbylighteningwillactuallydie,buttheothersareactuallyverybadlyinjured,withburns,brokenbones,blindness,deafness,paralysis,ormemoryloss.However,whentheelectricitypassesthroughtheirbrain,itcanoccasionallyhaveunusualandevenpositiveeffects.Someblindpeoplehavegottheirsightbackafterbeingstruckbylightning.Onewomansaidapsychologicaltestshowedherintelligence（智力）hadgreatlyimproved,andonemansaidhecouldnolongerfeelcoldatallandcouldgooutintemperaturebelowfreezinginjustaT-shirt!Sowhatshouldyoudotostaysafeinathunderstorm?Themostimportantruleistostayinside,butdonotgonearphones,electricalappliances,plumbing,orwater.Ifyouarestuckoutside,donottakeshelterunderatree.Instead,rollyourselfupintoaballonthegroundassmallaspossible.Anddonotthinkithastoberaininginorderforlightningtostrike.Strangely,lightningseemstoprefersomepeopletoothers.Ifyouareaman,youaresixtimesmorelikelytobestruckbylightningthanawoman!36.Whatdocsthephrase“positiveeffects”inParagraphTwopossiblymean?A.somethinggood B.somethingbad C.somethinguseful D.somethinguseless37.Inordertostaysafeinathunderstorm,youshoulddothefollowingEXCEPT________.Astayinside B.rollupintoaballC.takeshelterunderatree D.stayawayfromwater38.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothearticle?________A.Lightningisabeautifulbutdangerousphenomenon.B.Mostpeoplestruckbylightningwillactuallydie.C.Lightningcantravelat10,000kilometresperhour.D.Awomanismorelikelytobestruckbylightningthanaman.39.ThewriterusestheexamplesofamanandawomaninParagraphTwoto________.A.showlightningisverydangeroustohumanbeingsB.makethereaderswanttoknowmoreaboutlightningC.helppeopleknowlightningwillsurelyimprovetheirintelligenceD.provesomethingsurprising,interestingmayhappenbecauseoflightning40.Youmayreadthispassagein________.A.astorybook B.asciencemagazine C.atourguidebook D.anadvertisement【答案】36.A37.C38.A39.D40.B【解析】本文是科普知识类阅读，介绍了自然现象闪电的相关知识。闪电是最美丽的自然现象之一，但也是最致命的现象之一，它有好处也有坏处，就如何避免闪电作者给出了一些建议。36词义猜测题。根据“Someblindpeoplehavegottheirsightbackafterbeingstruckbylightning”，结合作者举的两个例子，可知被闪电击中也有好处，positiveeffect是指积极的影响；somethinggood符合题意，故选A。37细节理解题。根据“Ifyouarestuckoutside,donottakeshelterunderatree”，可知躲在树下是不安全的；takeshelterunderatree不可取，故选C。38细节理解题。根据“Lightningisoneofthemostbeautifulnaturalphenomena.Itisalsooneofthemostdeadlyphenomena”，可知闪电是一种美丽但也危险的自然现象，故选A。39推理判断题。根据“However,whentheelectricitypassesthroughtheirbrain,itcanoccasionallyhaveunusualandevenpositiveeffects”，结合下文所举的两个例子，可知被闪电击中也有好处，作者是为了说明闪电也会产生不寻常的，甚至是积极的影响；provesomethingsurprising,interestingmayhappenbecauseoflightning“证明一些令人惊讶、有趣的事情可能会因为闪电而发生”符合题意，故选D。40推理判断题。根据短文内容，介绍的是闪电，被闪电击中的一些有趣现象以及如何防止雷击，因此更可能在科学杂志上能看到此篇文章，故选B。二(2021-2022学年南京市鼓楼区)COneSaturdayMariaandIhada30-milebikeride.Itseemedperfect.Westartedat7:00a.m.inbeautifulspringweather.At10:30a.m.,whenwestoppedforarest,webothfeltwonderful.Andthenabriskwindcame.Thatwaswhenourperfectdaybegantochange.Bynoon,weknewaseriousthunderstormwasblowingourway.Darkcloudsrolledupourofthesouthwest.Astingingwindburnedourfaces.Therewasnowaytostayoutofthestorm.Wewouldhavetowaititout,butwhere?Thenthingswentfrombadtoworse.Thetemperaturedroppedsuddenly.Ilookedupandsawtheskynowturneddarkgreen.Treesandcropswerebentoverbythewind.Noanimalswereinsight.Thenabluecarstoppedbesideourbikes.Thedrivershouted,“Getin!”Shelookedfrightened,andsodidwe.Wedidasshesaid.Thatwaswhenthehail（冰雹）started.Ice,thesizeofgolfballs,hitthewindowsofthecar.Shedrovefasttothenorth.MariaandIlookedbackattheblacksky.Mariascreamed,“Tornado（龙卷风）!”ItwassoclosethatIcouldseetrees,doors,andallkindsofotherthingsthatthismonsterswallowed（吞）.Myheartmoveduptomythroatandwasbeatingsohard,Ithoughtitwouldjumpoutofmybody.Ihadneverbeensofrightened.Wewouldneverrunfasterthanthetornado!Thedriverturnedtousandsaidcalmly,“There’sanoverpass（立交桥）ahead.We’llstayunderitforprotection.”Whenweparked,wejumpedoutofthecarandrantothewalloftheoverpass.BeforeIcouldcountto20,therecamealoudnoise.Itsoundedlikeatrainpassingoverhead.Then,suddenly,itwasover.Wehadmadeit.Soonwewerealllaughingwithrelief（轻松）.Wewereshakenbutexcited.WhatastoryIwouldhavetotellatschool.32.Whatwasthewriterdoingonthedayofthetornado?A.Restingathome. B.Playingoutside. C.Ridingabike. D.Drivingacar.33.Whathappenedfirstwhenthetornadobegan?A.Darkcloudsrolledup. B.Thehailcamesuddenly.C.Thetemperaturedropped. D.Animalsranoutofthesight.34.Whatistherighterorderofthestory?①Thewomandrovetotheoverpass.②MariaandIhadabikeride.③Athunderstormwasblowingourway.④Icehitthewindowsofthecar.⑤Wegotintoawoman’scar.A②-③-①-④-⑤ B.②-③-⑤-④-① C.③-①-②-⑤-④ D.③-②-①-④-⑤35.Howdidthekidsfeelwhenitwasallover?A.Tiredandnervous. B.Afraidbutexcited.C.Worriedbutlucky D.Sadandsurprised.【答案】32.C33.A34.B35.B【解析】Maria与作者自行车旅行途中遭遇龙卷风，在一位女士的帮助下，安全躲过。32细节理解题。根据“OneSaturdayMariaandIhada30-milebikeride.”可知龙卷风当天，作者在骑自行车。故选C。33细节理解题。根据“Bynoon,weknewaseriousthunderstormwasblowingourway.Darkcloudsrolledupourofthesouthwest.”可知龙卷风刚开始，乌云席卷。故选A。34细节理解题。本文按照时间顺序书写，根据第一段“OneSaturdayMariaandIhada30-milebikeride.”可知作者和Maria开始自行车旅行，即②；根据第二段“Bynoon,weknewaseriousthunderstormwasblowingourway.”可知随后雷雨袭来，即③；根据第四段“Thenabluecarstoppedbesideourbikes.Thedrivershouted,‘Getin!’Shelookedfrightened,andsodidwe.”可知作者进入一辆车，即⑤；根据第四段“Ice,thesizeofgolfballs,hitthewindowsofthecar.”可知进入车之后，冰雹拍打车玻璃，即④；根据第六段“There’sanoverpass（立交桥）ahead.We’llstayunderitforprotection.”可知他们开到了立交桥下，即①。正确顺序是②-③-⑤-④-①。故选B。35细节理解题。根据“Soonwewerealllaughingwithrelief（轻松）.Wewereshakenbutexcited.”可知作者安全以后，感到既恐惧又兴奋。故选B。三(2021-2022学年南京市建邺区)CHonestyisagoodthing.ButdoesMotherNatureagree?Animalscan’ttalkbutcantheylieinotherways?Animalexpertsmaynotcallitlying,buttheydoagreethatmanyanimals,frombirdstochimpanzees(黑猩猩),behavedishonestlytofoolotheranimals.Why?Dishonestyoftenhelpsthemsurvive.Manykindsofbirdsareverysuccessfulatfoolingotheranimals.Forexample,abirdcalledtheploversometimespretends(假装)tobehurtinordertoprotectitsyoung.Whenapredatorgetsclosetoitsnest,theploverleadsthepredatorawayfromthenest.How?Itpretendstohaveabrokenwing.Thepredatorfollowsthe“hurt”adult,leavingthebabybirdssafeinthenest.Anotherkindofbird,thescrubjay,buriesitsfoodsoitalwayshassomethingtoeat.Theyarealsothieves.Theywatchwhereothersburytheirfoodandstealit.Butcleverscrubjaysseemtoknowwhenathiefiswatchingthem.Sotheygobacklater,digthefood,andhideitagainsomewhereelse.Chimpanzees,orchimps,canalsobesneaky.Afterafight,thelosingchimpwillgiveitshandtotheother.Whenthewinningchimpputsoutitshand,too,thechimpsarefriendlyagain.Butananimalexpertoncesawalosingchimptakethewinner’shandandstartfightingagain.Chimpsaresneakyinotherways,too.Whenchimpsfindfoodthattheylove,suchasbananas,itisnaturalforthemtocryout.Thenotherchimpscomerunning.Butsomecleverchimpslearntocryverysoftlywhentheyfindfood.Thatway,otherchimpsdon’thearthem,andtheydon’tneedtosharetheirfood.Aschildren,manyofuslearnthesaying“Youcan’tfoolMotherNature.”Butmaybeyoucan’ttrusther,either.33.Aploverprotectsitsyoungfromapredatorby________.A.gettingclosertoitsyoung B.drivingawaytheadultpredatorC.leavingitsyounginanothernest D.pretendingtobeinjured34.Bysaying“Chimpanzees,orchimps,canalsobesneaky.”,thewritermeans________.A.chimpsarereadytoattackothers B.chimpsaresometimesdishonestC.chimpsarejealousofthewinners D.chimpscanbeselfishtoo35.Whatdoesthestorymainlywanttotellus?A.Animalscanalsotelllies. B.Honestyhelpsanimalssurvive.C.MotherNaturecanfoolanimals. D.Animalslearntoliefromchildhood.36.Wherecanyouprobablyfindthepassage?A.Atouristguide. B.Aphysicsbook.C.Anaturemagazine. D.Anadvertisement.【答案】33.D34.B35.A36.C【解析】本文通过列举一些鸟类和大猩猩的例子，来说明动物有时会利用它们的肢体和行为撒谎，这也是它们生存的需要。33细节理解题。根据“Forexample,abirdcalledtheploversometimespretends(假装)tobehurtinordertoprotectitsyoung.”可知，一只海鸥通过假装受伤方式保护幼鸟免受捕食者的伤害：故选D。34句意猜测题。根据“Butananimalexpertoncesawalosingchimptakethewinner’shandandstartfightingagain”可知，一个输了的大猩猩抓住获胜的大猩猩的手又开始打斗了，可推断这句话的意思是大猩猩也可能不诚实，故选B。35主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文通过列举一些鸟类和大猩猩的例子，来说明动物有时会利用它们的肢体和行为撒谎，这也是它们生存的需要。故选A。36推理判断题。通读全文可知本文通过列举一些鸟类和大猩猩的例子，来说明动物有时会利用它们的肢体和行为撒谎，这也是它们生存的需要，由此推测最有可能在自然杂志上看到这篇文章。故选C。D“Ohboys,boys,don’tthrowstonesatthatpoorbird,”saidanoldgray-headedman.“Why,sir,”saidalittleboy,“shemakessuchascream,thatwecan’tbearher.”“Yes,butsheusesthevoicewhichGodgaveher.Anditisprobablyaspleasanttoherfriendsasyoursistothosewholoveyou.Besides,Iamafraidthestonewillrebound(弹回),andhurtyouaslongasyoulive!”“Rebound!Wedon’tunderstandyou,sir!”“Well,comeandIwilltellyouastory.”“Isitatruestory?”“Yes.Everywordistrue.”“Fiftyyearsago,Iwasaboylikeyou.Iusedtothrowstones,andasIhadnootherboyverynearmetoplaywith,IthrewthemtillIbecameveryaccurate(精确的)inmyaim.”“OnedayIwenttoworkforanagedcouplenamedHamilton.Theywereverykindtoeverybodyandeverything.Fewpeoplehadsomanybirdsmakingtheirnestsunderhouses.Fewhadsomanypetsthatseemedtolovethecouple.”“Forsevenyearsabirdhadcome.Afterthelongwinter,thebirdbuilthernestinthesameplaceandraisedheryoungonesthere.ShehadjustreturnedonthedaythatIwenttheretowork.”“Duringtheday,IthoughtIwouldtrymyskilluponher.Shesatuponasticknearhernest,andlookedatmetrustfully.Ifoundanicestoneandthrewitwithmybestskill.”“Itshotthebirdonthehead,andshedroppeddead!”“IwassorryassoonasIsawherfall.Butthedeedwasdone.Alldaylonghermateflewabout,andwassosadthathemademyheartache.WhyhadItakenalifesoinnocent,andhurtthepoormatesodeeply?”“Isaidnothingtotheoldcoupleaboutit.But,throughagrandchild,theyfounditout.Thoughtheyneversaidawordtomeonthematter,theymournedthebirdandburiedit.Icouldneverlooktheminthefaceafterwards.Oh,IhadtoldthemhowsorryIwas!”“Theyhavebeendeadmany,manyyears.Butdon’tyouseehowthatstonereboundedandhitme?Howdeepitmadeuponmymemory!Howdeepuponmyconscience(良知)!Why,mydearboys,HowIwanttogiveagreatdealtodayifIcoulddosomethingforthatdeed!”“ForfiftyyearsIhavecarrieditinmymemory!Ihaveneverspokenofitbefore.YetifwhatIhavenowsaidshallpreventyoufromthrowingastonethatmayreboundanddeeplyhurtyourconscience.Ishallbeverycheerful.”Theboysatoncedroppedthestonestheyhadintheirhands.37.Theoldgray-headedmantriedtostoptheboysby________.A.givingthemicecreams B.helpingthemenjoythevoiceofthebirdsC.tellingthematruestoryofhisfriend D.tellingthemhisownstory38.Theoldgray-headedmanfeltsorryforfiftyyearsbecause________.A.hehadtoworkfortheagedcouple B.hecarriedthestoryinhismemoryC.heshotthebirdtodeathbyhernest D.hedidn’ttellthedeedtothecouple39.Thestonereboundedontheoldman’s________.A.body B.conscience C.head D.grandchild40.Wecaninfer(推断)fromthelastsentencethat________.A.theboysranawayandwouldnotcomebackB.theboyscouldn’tgetnicestonesfromthenonC.thebirdnowhadnomoretroublefromtheboysD.thebirdnowwouldstayinhernestfortherestlife【答案】37.D38.C39.B40.C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一位老人向一群男孩讲述了自己曾经用石头打死鸟的故事，以此告诉他们要爱护生命，避免后悔遗憾。37细节理解题。根据““Isitatruestory?”“Yes.Everywordistrue.””和”Fiftyyearsago,Iwasaboylikeyou....“可知，老人通过给男孩们讲述他自己的故事来阻止他们。故选D。38细节理解题。根据“Itshotthebirdonthehead,andshedroppeddead!”可知，这位老人因为打死了鸟而感到抱歉，故选C。39推理判断题。根据“Butdon’tyouseehowthatstonereboundedandhitme?Howdeepitmadeuponmymemory!Howdeepuponmyconscience(良知)!”可知，小鸟的死让老人良心不安了很多年，所以那块石头弹回来砸在了老人的良知上。故选B。40细节理解题。根据“Theboysatonceputdownthestonestheyhadintheirhands.”可知，听完了老人的经历，男孩们立刻放下了手里的石头，不再伤害鸟儿，所以鸟儿不会再受到男孩们的骚扰了，故选C。四(2021-2022学年南京市江宁区)BobBearwastherichestanimalintheforestbuthewasverymean.Henevershared.Whenhispoorerneighbourscametohishouseandaskedforfood,heshouted.“Goaway!It’sMYfood!”OnedaySallySquirrelhadabirthdayparty.BobwasnotinvitedbuthesawSally’sfriendsgiveheralotofnicepresents.“I’dlikesomepresents,”thoughtBob,sohedecidedtohaveaparty.Hewenttoashop.“Ineedsomepartyfood,”hetoldtheshopkeeper.“Howmuchisalargebrunchofbananas?”“It’stwenty—fivedollarsfifty.”shesaid.Bobwassurprised.“That’stooexpensive.Howmuchisabottleofhoney?”“Abottleofhoneyistwenty—eightdollarsthirty,”saidtheshopkeeper.“Abottleofhoneyismoreexpensive.”Bobhelduphispaw.“Iwantthecheapestfood,”hesaid.Theshopkeepergavehimtwoblackbananasandasmallpacketofcookies.“Good!Thesearecheap.”Bobsmiled.“Theyonlycostelevendollarsthirty.”AtthepartyBobopenedhispresents——abagofapples,fivecansoforangejuice.“Thesearenotbirthdaypresents!”heshoutedangrily.“Weknowyoudon’tlikesharingsowewereafraidtherewouldn’tbeenoughfood.That’swhywebroughtfood,”saidFredFox.“Wearehappytoshareallwehavewithyoubecausewewanttobefriends.”Bob’sfacewentred.“I’msorry,”hesaid.“Let’ssharethislovelyfoodtogether,myfriends.”Fromthenon,Bobwasnevermeanagain.33.Inparagraph4,Bobhelduphispawto________.A.justsayhellotoafriendB.showthathewantedtoaskaquestionC.telltheshopkeepertostoptalkingD.showtheshopkeeperhewantedabottleofhoney34.WhydidBob’sfacegoredatlast?A.Hewasangry. B.Heknewhewaswrong.C.Hewasafraid. D.Hesharedhisfood.35.Whathappenedinthestory?Putthesentencesintherightorder.________a.Bobdecidedtohaveaparty.b.BobknewaboutSally’sparty.c.Boblearntanimportantlesson.d.Bobwentshopping.A.a—d—b—c B.b—a—d—c C.c—a—d—b D.b—a—c—d36.WhatimportantlessondidBoblearn?A.Allneighboursarefriends.B.It’sgoodtoshare.C.Foodisnotagoodbirthdaypresent.D.It’sgoodtohaveparties.【答案】33C34.B35.B36.B【解析】本文主要讲了小气的小熊Bob为了得到生日礼物，举办生日派对，结果其他小动物因为担心食物不够吃，带来的都是食物，Bob很生气，但是听了狐狸的解释，终于意识到自己的错误，最后学会了分享。33细节理解题。根据“Bobhelduphispaw.‘Iwantthecheapestfood’...”可知，Bob举起爪子是想示意店主不要再说了，他想要最便宜的食物。故选C。34推理判断题。根据狐狸Fred的解释“Weknowyoudon’tlikesharingsowewereafraidtherewouldn’tbeenoughfood.”可知，动物们都带食物来，是因为大家都知道Bob不爱分享，担心食物不够吃，结合“I’msorry,”可推知Bob听完解释之后，意识到自己错了，所以脸变红了。故选B。35推理判断题。根据“OnedaySallySquirrelhadabirthdayparty.”可知，小松鼠Sally举行了生日派对之后Bob也有了举办派对的想法，因此b排第一位；根据“sohedecidedtohaveaparty.”可知，Bob决定举办一个派对，因此a排第二位；根据“Hewenttoashop.”可知，决定举办派对后，Bob去购物，因此d排第三位；根据“Fromthenon,Bobwasnevermeanagain.”可知，Bob得到了教训，不再小气了，因此c排第四位。故选B。36推理判断题。通读全文可知，小气的Bob为了得到生日礼物，举办生日派对，结果其他小动物因为担心食物不够吃，带来的都是食物，Bob很生气，但是听了狐狸的解释，终于意识到自己的错误，明白了分享能带来快乐，最后Bob学会了分享。故选B。DHewastheonlygraycub(灰色幼崽)oftheshe-wolf.Theothercubshadredintheirhair.Hewasgraylikehisfather.Hewasthestrongestcub.Heshowedmoreangerthanhisbrothersandsisters.Hemademorenoise.Hisfatherandmotherlivemainlyuponmeat.Inhisfirstmonthoflife,helivesonmother’smilk.Andnow,atamonthold,whenhiseyeshadbeenopenforaboutaweek,hebegantoeatmeathimself.Therecameatimewhentherewasnomeat.Formanydaysthecubsdidnoteat.Theyweretooweakandtiredtoplay.One-Eye,thecub’sfather,waskilledinthefightoverfood.Eventheshe-wolflefthometofindmeat.Buttherewasnothing.Onebyone,thecubsdied.Onlytheshe-wolfandgraycubwereleft.Onedaythegraycubranouttohuntforhisownfood.Hemetaweasel(鼬)ofhissize.Therat—likeanimalranathimandbithisthroat(喉咙).Hewasnearlydeadwhentheshe-wolfarrivedjustintimetokillandeattheweasel.Thegraycubwasnotgoodathuntingyet,andstillneededfoodfromhismother.Oneday,theshe-wolfbroughthimalynxkitten(小山猫).Whileeating,heheardgreatnoise.Thekitten’smotherhadfollowedtheshe-wolfhere.Theshe-wolfandtheshe-lynxstartedtofight,andtheywouldfighttothedeath.Thegraycubranforwardandbitoneofherlegs.Thiswasenoughtogivetheshe-wolfthetimesheneeded.Thelynxwasdead,buttheshe-wolfwasbadlyhurt.Foraboutaweek,shedidn’tmove.Thegraycubhadtofindfoodforbothofthem.Withouthismothertotakecareofhim,helearntwhatlifewasabout.Withoutmeattherewasnolife.Animalshadtoeatotheranimalstolive.Thelawwas：EATORBEEATEN.—TakenfromWhiteFang37.Thegraycubwas_________thanhisbrothersandsisters.A.strongerandredder B.weakerandgrayerC.weakerandquieter D.strongerandgrayer38.Whendidthegraycubstarttoeatmeathimself?A.Atoneyearold. B.Atbirth.C.Atonemonthold. D.Atoneweekold.39.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inParagraph5mean?A.Theshe-wolfandtheshe-lynxstartedtofight.B.Thegraycubsawtheywouldfighttothedeath.C.Thegraycubranforwardandbitoneofthelynx’slegs.D.ThegraycubhadtofindfoodforMotherandhimself.40.Accordingtothepassage,wecaninfer(推测)that________.A.thelawofmeatwastoeatalltheotheranimalsB.lifewasdifficultfortheshe-wolfandthegraycubC.thegraycub’sbrothersandsistersdiedfromfightsD.thegraycubwasgoodathuntingweaselsandlynxkittens【答案】37.D38.C39.C40.B【解析】本文主要讲述了一只灰色的狼崽在弱肉强食的丛林中历经磨难，慢慢成长起来，逐渐懂得了生活的意义。“要么吃，要么被吃掉”，这就是严酷的丛林法则。37细节理解题。根据“Hewastheonlygraycub(灰色幼崽)oftheshe-wolf.Theothercubshadredintheirhair.Hewasthestrongestcub.”可知，它比其他狼崽更强壮，更灰。故选D。38细节理解题。根据“Andnow,atamonthold,whenhiseyeshadbeenopenforaboutaweek,hebegantoeatmeathimself.”可知，这只灰色的幼崽是一个月大的时候开始吃肉的。故选C。39词句猜测题。根据上文“Thegraycubranforwardandbitoneofherlegs.”可知，灰色的幼崽向前跑，咬住了母猞猁的一条腿。由此推断，此处的this指的就是灰狼崽咬住了母猞猁的腿。故选C。40推理判断题。根据文章叙述“Thelynxwasdead,buttheshe-wolfwasbadlyhurt.”可知，母狼和这只灰狼为了食物，身负重伤，甚至冒着生命危险。由此可推断，母狼和狼崽的生活非常艰难。故选B。五(2021-2022学年南京市钟英中学)CNapogaisa12-year-oldgirlinGhana,Africa.Itishardforherfamilytogetcleanwater.Everymorning,sheleaveshomeathalfpastfivetogetcleanwaterforherfamilyinavillagefaraway.Ittakeshersixhourstogetenoughcleanwaterfordailycookinganddrinking.Shehasnotimetogotoschoolortoplaywithherfriends.MillionsofpeopleintheworldarelikeNapoga.Theycan’tgetenoughcleanwatertokeephealthy.EarthDayisApril22.Butonallotherdays,wemustalsorememberit.Thewaterweuseisthemostimportantnaturalresource（自然资源）ontheearth.Watercovers70percentoftheearth’ssurface（表面）．Butmostofthatisseawater.Wecan’tuseitforverymanythings.Freshwatercoversonlyonepercentoftheearth’ssurface.Youprobablyfeelluckythatyourlifeisn’tashardasNapoga’s,Butthatdoesn’tmeanyoudon’thavetoworryaboutwater.Weallfaceseriouswaterproblems.Oneofthemiswaterpollution.Allkindsofthingsfromcars,factories,farmsandhomesmakeourrivers,lakes,andoceansdirty.Pollutedwaterisverybadforpeopletodrink.Anddirtywaterisbadforfish,too.Now,thirty-fourpercentofallkindsoffisharedyingout.Howdocarsandfactoriesmakeourwaterdirty?First,theypollutetheair.Then,whenitrains,therainwatercomesdownandmakesourdrinkingwaterdirty.Dirtyrain,calledacidrain（酸雨）,isalsobadforplants,animalsandbuildings.Scientistssaythatin30years,morethanhalfofthepeopleintheworldwon’thaveenoughcleanwater.Wehavetolearnhowtosavemorewaterforourselvesandourchildren.Hereissomeadviceforsavingwater.·Turnoffthewaterwhileyoubrushyourteeth.Youcansaveasmuchas450liters（升）eachmonth.·Leakytaps（漏水的龙头）wastealotofwater.Fixthemrightaway.·Youcaneasilycutyour10-minuteshowersinhalf,andyou’llbejustasclean.·Whenyouwashdishes,don’tletthewaterrun.·Onlywashclotheswhenyouhavealottowash.Ifyourwashingmachineisn’tfull,youarewastingwater!31.Whycan’tNapogagotoschool?A.Becauseherfamilyispoor.B.Becauseshedoesn’tlikestudying.C.Becauseshehastotakecareofherlittlebrother.D.Becauseshehastogetcleanwaterforherfamily.32.Howmanypeopleliveinshortofwaterintheworld?A.Thousandsofpeople B.MillionsofpeopleC.Hundredsofpeople D.Billionsofpeople.33.Fromthepassage,whatinformationdoweknowaboutthewaterontheearth?A.Thereis70%offreshwater.B.Wedon’tneedtoworryaboutwater.C.Thereisverylittlewaterforourliving.D.Seawaterismorewidelyusedthanfreshwater.34.Acidrain________.A.isonlybadforlivingthingsB.canbeproducedinfactoriesC.doesn’tdoharmtopeople,butit’sbadforplants,animalsandbuildingsD.doesn’tjustdoharmtohumanbeingsbuttoanimals,plantsandbuildings35.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.It’stimetotakecareofthewaterweuse.B.Wateristhemostimportantnaturalresourceontheearth.C.Somethingmustbedonetopreventwaterfrombeingpolluted.D.Cleanwatermeansmuchtohumanbeingsandlivingthingsaroundus.【答案】31.D32.B33.C34.D35.C【解析】短文大意：水覆盖了地球表面的百分之70。但最重要的是海水。我们不能使用它。新鲜的水覆盖了地球表面只有百分之一。科学家们说，在30年，在世界上超过一半的人没有足够的干净的水。我们必须学会如何节省更多的水为我们自己和我们的孩子，本文详细地介绍了如何节省水资源。31细节理解题。根据“Everymorning,sheleaveshomeathalfpastfivetogetcleanwaterforherfamilyinavillagefaraway.Ittakeshersixhourstogetenoughcleanwaterfordailycookinganddrinking.Shehasnotimetogotoschoolortoplaywithherfriends”可知，因为她要为家人弄到干净的水，故选D。32细节理解题。根据“MillionsofpeopleintheworldarelikeNapoga”可知，世界上有数百万人像Napoga一样缺水，故选B。33推理判断题。根据“Freshwatercoversonlyonepercentoftheearth’ssurface”可知，淡水只覆盖了地球表面的百分之一，这意味着有很少的水供我们生活，故选C。34细节理解题。根据“Dirtyrain,calledacidrain（酸雨）,isalsobadforplants,animalsandbuildings”可知，酸雨不仅对人类有害，对动物和植物都有害，故选D。35主旨大意题。本文通过阐述目前水资源短缺的情况来告诉我们保护环境，节约水的重要性，故选C。DWalkingbacktocampthroughtheswamp（沼泽）,Samwonderedwhethertotellhisfatherwhathehadseen.“Iknowonething,”hesaidtohimself.“I’mgoingbacktothatlittlepond（池塘）againtomorrow.AndI’dliketogoalone.IfItellmyfatherwhatIsawtoday,hewillwanttogowithme.I’mnotsurethatisaverygoodidea.”Samwaseleven.HislastnamewasBeaver.HewasstrongforhisageandhadblackhairanddarkeyeslikeanIndian.SamwalkedlikeanIndian,too,puttingonefootstraightinfron