2025年高二英语寒假衔接（外研版）专题4. 动词时态与被动语态（学生版）

谓语动词考点一动词的时态Atfirst，XiaoMingdidn’tlike①schoolandwas①addictedtocomputergames.Everytimehismotherasked①himwhathewasdoing②beforegoingtobed，theanswerwasthathewasplaying②computergames.Hisfatherhadbeaten③himmanytimesbeforeXiaoMingwenttomiddleschool，soXiaoMingpromisedthathewouldstudy④hardandwouldn’tplaygames.However，XiaoMinghaschanged⑤alotinthepastthreeyears.Whenothersaskabouthim，hismotheralwaysanswers⑥proudly，“Heisdoinghomework⑦athome.Hehasbeenstudying⑧forseveralhours.”XiaoMingwillenter⑨agoodcollegeifhekeepsworkinghardlikethis.Maybeafter3yearshewillbestudying⑩inafamousuniversity.①是一般过去时，结构为：谓语动词用动词的一般过去式形式。②是过去进行时，结构为：was/were＋现在分词。③是过去完成时，结构为：had＋过去分词。④是过去将来时，结构为：would＋动词原形。⑤是现在完成时，结构为：has/have＋过去分词。⑥是一般现在时，结构为：谓语动词为动词原形或动词的单数第三人称形式。⑦是现在进行时，结构为：am/is/are＋现在分词。⑧是现在完成进行时，结构为：have/hasbeen＋现在分词。⑨是一般将来时，结构为：will＋动词原形。⑩是将来进行时，结构为：will＋be＋现在分词。1．一般现在时(1)常常表示人的习惯或经常性发生的动作。常用的时间状语有always，usually，often，sometimes，everyday等。Iusuallydomyhomeworkintheeveningeveryday.我通常每天晚上做作业。(2)在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。They’llstandbyyouevenifyoudon’tsucceed.即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。(3)表示客观事实、真理、格言或者警句等。Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。2．一般过去时(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday，lastyear，theotherday等时间状语连用。Hearrivedatschoolat9∶00amyesterday.他昨天上午九点到学校。(2)根据上下文或主从句提示。Ididn’tpasstheexam，whichmademyparentsveryangry.我没有通过考试，这让我父母很生气。3．一般将来时表示未来的动作或状态或临时做出的决定，常用will/shall＋动词原形或者is/am/aregoingtodo，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow，nextweek等连用。Itissaidthathewillretirenextmonth.据说他将于下月卸任。单句语法填空1．Thecurtainsareabouttoopen，andinafewminutestheactionanddialogue(tell)youthestory.2．Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever，thereviewsaysit(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking，cyclingorswimming.3．Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award，proudIrene(declare)shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36-year-oldbusiness.4．现在进行时(1)表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。Heisplayingbasketballontheplayground.他正在操场上打篮球。(2)某些表示位置移动的动词，如go，come，leave，arrive，start，move等可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的动作。JohnaswellashissisterissettingoffforTokyotomorrowmorning.约翰和姐姐明天早上要动身去东京。5．过去进行时(1)表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作，或过去某一个阶段内一直在进行的动作。MrsGreenwaspreparinglunchateleventhismorning.格林太太今天上午11点正准备午餐。(2)表示动作在另一个过去的动作发生时正在进行，常与when，while引导的时间状语从句连用。Theteachercameinwhiletheboywasreadinganovel.那个男孩正在读小说时老师进来了。6．将来进行时表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。Don’tphonemebetween5and6.We’llbehavingdinnerthen.五点至六点之间不要给我打电话，那时我们在吃饭。单句语法填空1．Lisa(work)asanurseinthehospitalwhenIvisitedhermomlastmonth.2．NextFridayIwillgotoanotherconcert.They(play)somethingbyMozartatthattime.3．—Hi，let’sgoskating.—Sorry，I’mbusyrightnow.I(fill)inanapplicationformforanewjob.7．现在完成时(1)表示动作或过程发生在说话之前某个没有明确说出的过去时间，但现在已经完成，且结果仍对现在有影响。—I’msorry，butIdon’tquitefollowyou.DidyousayyouwantedtoreturnonSeptember20?—Sorry，Ihaven’tmademyselfclear.WewanttoreturnonOctober20.——对不起，我没完全明白你的话。你是说你们打算9月20号回来吗？——对不起，我没有表达清楚。我们打算10月20号回来。(2)表示一个动作从过去开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。Hisfirstnovelhasreceivedgoodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.他的第一部小说自上个月出版以来获得了许多好评。(3)考查现在完成时，往往有较为明显的时间状语。如already，just，yet，since，for，uptonow，untilnow，eversince，sofar，recently，lately，inthepast/lastfewyears等。IhavelearnedabouttwohundredEnglishwordsinthepastthreehours.在过去的3小时里我已经学了200多个英语单词了。(4)下列句型中常用现在完成时。Ithasbeen＋一段时间＋since从句This/That/Itisthefirst/second...timethat＋现在完成时This/That/Itisthebest/finest/mostinteresting...＋名词＋that＋现在完成时ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavemadeaspeech.这是我第一次做演讲。ItisthemostinterestingnovelthatIhaveeverread.这是我所读过的最有趣的小说。8．过去完成时(1)表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。在by，bytheendof，bythetime，until，before，since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句的句子中。Ihadputawaymycellphonebeforemyfathercameback.在我爸爸回来之前我已经把手机收起来了。(2)在hardly/scarcely...when...，nosooner...than...句式中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“一……就……”。当hardly，scarcely，nosooner置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。Nosoonerhadtheyrushedoutofthehousethanitburntdown.他们刚从房子里跑出来房子就烧塌了。单句语法填空1．Beforegettingintothecar，IthoughtI(learn)theinstructor’sorders，butonceIstartedthecar，mymindwentblank.Iforgotwhathe(say)tomealtogether.2．Beingraisedinafamilyofteachers，I(get)plentyofchancestoconnectmyselfwithliteraturesinceayoungage.3．Nosoonerwe(be)seatedthanthebusstarted.9．过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。Shesaidshewouldretirethenextyear.她说她明年就退休了。Iwonderedwhatmysonwouldsaythenextmoment.我不知道儿子紧接着要说什么。10．现在完成进行时(1)常用来表示开始于过去某个时间，一直延续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。Alltheseyearstheyhavebeencontributingarticlestoourmagazine.这些年来，他们一直为我们杂志写稿。(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。Wehavebeenseeingeachotherquitealotrecently.最近我们常常见面。单句语法填空1．—WhereisPeter?Ican’tfindhimanywhere.—Hewenttothelibraryafterbreakfastand(write)hisessaythereeversince.2．AlbertEinsteinwasbornin1879.Asachild，fewpeopleguessedthathe(be)afamousscientistwhosetheories(change)theworld.考点二动词的语态XiaoMing’sCellphoneXiaoMing’scellphonewasbroken①byhisfatheryesterdayevening.Icouldn’tgetthroughtohimbecausethecellphonewasbeingrepaired②then.Beforethis，hiscellphonehadbeenbroken③fourtimesbecausehewascareless.XiaoMinglikedcellphonegamessomuchthathedidn’tstudyhard.Cellphonesarewidelyused④nowadays.However，manyofthemarebeingused⑤toplaygamesbyteenagers.Sofar，manyquestionshavebeenraised⑥bytheirparents.Shouldtheybeused⑦bystudents?XiaoMing’scellphonewillberepaired⑧wellsoon.MaybebynextSundaythecellphonewillhavebeenbrought⑨homeandwillbebeingused⑩toplaygamesagain.①是被动语态的一般过去时，结构为：was/were＋过去分词。②是被动语态的过去进行时，结构为：was/were＋being＋过去分词。③是被动语态的过去完成时，结构为：hadbeen＋过去分词。④是被动语态的一般现在时，结构为：is/am/are＋过去分词。⑤是被动语态的现在进行时，结构为：is/amare＋being＋过去分词。⑥是被动语态的现在完成时，结构为：have/hasbeen＋过去分词。⑦是带情态动词的被动语态，结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。⑧是被动语态的一般将来时，结构为：will＋be＋过去分词。⑨是被动语态的将来完成时，结构为：will＋havebeen＋过去分词。⑩是被动语态的将来进行时，结构为：will＋bebeing＋过去分词。1．不及物动词及短语没有被动语态。Anaccidenthappenedonthewayhomelastnightandfivepeoplewerekilled.昨晚在回家的路上发生了一起意外事故，死了五个人。Abigfirebrokeoutinourschoollastweek.上周我们学校发生了一场大火。2．被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动语态不可漏掉其中的介/副词。如：Treesshouldnotbeplantedinsummer.夏天不应该种树。Theboywasmadefunofbyhisclassmates.这个男孩被他的同学取笑了。3．汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中可用被动结构表示，构成Itis＋done...形式。如：Itissaid/reportedthat...据说/据报道……Itiswellknownthat...众所周知Itmustbepointedoutthat...必须指出……Itmustbeadmittedthat...人们必须承认……Itisgenerallyconsidered/supposed/hoped/believedthat...人们普遍认为/希望/相信……Itisgenerallyconsideredthatthekeytolearningaforeignlanguagewellisnothingbutpractice.人们普遍认为学好一门外语的关键就是练习。Itisreportedthatthetemperaturewilldeclinesharplyinoneortwodays.据报告，近两日气温将明显下降。4．下面的主动形式常表示被动意义。如：(1)feel/taste/smell/look/sound＋adj.Junkfoodtastesdeliciousbutitdoesn’tcontainenoughnutrition.垃圾食品吃起来美味但营养不足。Yourideasoundswonderfulbutitisn’tpractical.你的想法听起来很棒但不切实际。(2)want/need/requiredoingThewindowwants/needs/requiresrepairing.这扇窗户需要修理。Yourcompositionstillrequirespolishingtobepublished.你的文章出版前还需润色。(3)wash/sell/write/read＋adv.Theclotheswasheswell.这些衣服很好洗。Hernewbookwasinterestingandsoldwell.她的新书很有趣并且卖得不错。单句语法填空1．Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.2．Mywashingmachine(repair)thisweek，soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.3．Nowadays，cycling，alongwithjoggingandswimming，(regard)asoneofthebestall-roundformsofexercise.4．Ifyouleavetheclub，you(not，allow)backin.5．Igotcaughtintherainonmywayhomeandmynewsuit(ruin)．单句语法填空1．Itisthefirsttimethatmyson(meet)ZhongNanshan，therenownedChineseherofacetoface.2．Thegirl(shake)herheadhappily，andthepotofmilkonherheadimmediatelyfellontotheground.3．Thefatheraswellashiskids(discuss)wheretospendtheweekendnow.4．Whenfatandsalt(remove)fromfood，thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.5．Thedayaftertomorrow，I，aswellasmyfriendsZhangMingandLiHua，(be)goingtobuybooks.6．Eitherthebeautifulviewsofthismoderncityoritslocalcustom(attract)thousandsofvisitorsduringthepastyears.7．Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials，therestofwhich(be)savedforotherpurposes.8．Onthestage(be)anumberoffamoussingers，whosesongsarewelcomedbythemajorityofyoungpeople.9．Ifyoulistentorapmusic，youwillnoticehowthelyrics(歌词)(speak)inthebackgroundofthesongs.10．Jennyhavekeptherword.Iwonderwhyshechangedhermind.11．Accordingtoanewlyreleasedregulationononlinevideoservices，noonegenerate，releaseorspreadfakenewsorinformationbyusingsuchtechnologies.12．Everycoinhastwosides.Beautifulsongs，sometimes，justbenoisetoothers.13．Mycomputerdidn’tstartthismorning.Therehavebeensomethingwrongwithit.14．Whatapity!Theparentscouldhavesurvivedtheearthquake，they(not，come)backtosavetheirchild.15．Hewould(like)torepresenthiscountryinthe1984WinterOlympics，buttherewerealargenumberofcompetitors，andEdwardsdidn’tqualify.16．Inthelastfewyears，China(make)greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.17．Alargepercentageofthepopulationinourcountry(be)farmers.18．Itwasquitealongtimebeforehe(spot)hisoldteacherinthecrowd.19．ThepublicationofGreatExpectations，whichbothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised，strengthenedDickens’statusasaleadingnovelist.20．ThenumberofthechildrenwhoowntheiPads(be)growingallthetime.层级二高考真题练单句语法填空1．The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane，forexample，(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhichopenedin1759.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)2．Byabout6,000BC，people(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.(2020·浙江)3．CarlePieters，ascientistatBrownUniversity，says，“becauseit(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon(construct)．”(2020·全国Ⅰ)4．Whenheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(传奇的)artist，theysmiledand(point)downtheriver.(2020·全国Ⅱ)5．Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic(call)galleriesorrooms.Often，onlyasmallpartofmuseum’scollection(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)6．And，asmorechildrenwereborn，morefood(need)．(2020·浙江)7．Then，withtheriseofscience，changesbegan.Newmethods(mean)thatfewerpeopleworkedinfarming.(2020·浙江)8．InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements，leadingtoabeliefthatpopulationsareincreasing.(2019·全国Ⅰ)9．Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembers(give)tenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.(2019·江苏)10．Whatapity！Youmissedthesightseeing，orwe(have)agoodtimetogether.(2019·江苏)11．Ican’tfindmypurse.I(leave)itinthesupermarketyesterday，butI’mnotsure.(2018·天津)12．Intoday’sinformationage，thelossofdatacauseseriousproblemsforacompany.(2018·北京)13．Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey(drive)afewmorekilometers.(2018·北京)14．It’sstrangethathehavetakenthebookswithouttheowner’spermission.(2018·江苏)15．Ifthenewsafetysystem(put)touse，theaccidentwo