2022-2023学年浙江省高三上学期11月月考英语试题及答案

2022-2023学年浙江省高三上学期11月月考英语试题及答案考生须知：本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)。满分为150分，考试时间为120分钟。第一部分听力(共两节，20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatcanyoulearnfromthedialog?A.Themangotonthewoman’snerves.B.Thewomanwasprobablyadirector.C.Themanwasconfusedaboutwriting.2.Whatdoesthewomanimply?A.Themanlackedluckinhisstudies.B.Maryisbynomeansaliteralmodel.C.Successiscloselyconnectedwithefforts.3.Whydidthemanmentionthetemple?A.Toerasethewoman’sphysicalexhaustion.B.Tocalculatetheprecisedistancetocover.C.Tourgethewomantoinsistonclimbing.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inthehospital.B.Inashop.C.Onthebeach.5.Whatemotionwillthewomanexpresstotheman?A.Gratitude.B.Suspicion.C.Anxiety.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatdidthespeakersdojustnow?A.Theywatchedamovie.B.Theymadeaphonecall.C.Theyarguedwithsomeone.7.Howdidthemanfeelabouttheideaofgoingtothesnackstreet?A.Excited.B.Uninterested.C.Nervous.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatdoesthemansayabouthotdeserts?A.Theyarehotallthetime.B.Theyaredangeroustolivein.C.Thetemperatureischangeable.9.Whatdodesertshaveincommon?A.Theyarelarge.B.Theyreceivelittlerain.C.Theyarecoveredwithsand.10.Whatdoweknowaboutlotsofdesertanimals?A.Theyliveingroups.B.Theyliveoffwaterinthesand.C.Theyrestduringtheday.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatdoesthemanusuallydo?A.Heexercisesatthegym.B.Hetalkstofriends.C.Heplaysgamesalot.12.Howshouldthemandoacrosswordpuzzleaccordingtothewoman?A.Twiceaday.B.Stepbystep.C.Asfastaspossible.13.Whatwasthestudyabout?A.Playinggames.B.Countingnumbers.C.Learninglanguages.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14Whatdidthewomandoforswimmingwhenshewasasmallgirl?A.Sheswam35milesperweek.B.Shetookabreakatweekends.C.Shearrivedatthepoolat6:00a.m..15.WhatdidthewomanachieveatthelastOlympics?A.Shewonsixmedals.B.Shewoneightcups.C.Shebrokealltherecords.16.Whyhasthewomangivenupswimming?A.Sheistoooldforaswimmer.B.Shecan’twinanycompetitions.C.Sheprefersvisitingothercountries.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatcanpeopledointhe"GravityChair”?A.Experiencespacewalk.B.Sleepinaspecialbed.C.Seearockettakeoff.18.Whatistheruleoftheprograms?A.Visitorsmustbuildarocket.B.Childrenunderninecan’ttakepart.CPeoplehavetoeatfreeze-driedfood.19.Whatistheticketpriceforkids?A.$325.B.$575.C.$875.20.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?A.Campactivities.B.Astronauts‘slife.C.Spacetravel.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)四个选项中选出最佳选项。ACookingwithWHOLEFOODSapictureofhealthIntegratingwholefoodsintoyourdietbymakinghealthyexchangesisaneasywaytoincreaseyourintakeofbeneficialnutrients.Seebelowforsuggestionstoaddextrawholefoodstoyourmealsandaquickguideofhowtostartusingthemasyourgo-toingredients!HealthAlmondMealmakesanutritious,gluten-free(无谷蛋白的)alternativetoregularflourinbaking.AlmondmealisanexcellentsourceoffibreandvitaminE.ALMONDMEALCANBEUSED:—Tothickensoups.—Asanutritiousadditionwhenbakingyourfavouritegluten-freecookies!—Asaflouralternativeforthosefollowingaspecificdiet.HealthChiaSeedsarerichinomega-3fattyacids.Theyareaplantbasedsourceofproteinandanexcellentsourceoffibre.CHIASEEDSCANBE:—Spreadonsalads,oatsorbreakfasts.—Usedtomakeahealthypuddingbywettingtheminyourfavouritefruitjuice,coconutmilkorcoconutwater.HealthOrganicHulledHempSeedsareanexceptionallynutritiousfood!TheyareasourceofvitaminEandrichinomega-3andomega-6fattyacids.Theyalsocontainqualityplantbasedprotein.3WAYSTOUSEHEMPSEEDS：—Spreadoveryogurt,cerealsorblendinsmoothies(冰沙).—Hempseedscanalsobeaddedtohomemadesauceandbaking.OrganicFlax-seedMealisrichinfibreandhealthyfats.TOADDFLAXSEEDMEALSTOYOURDIET:—Combinewithalmondmealandusetocoverfishormeatwithcrumbs(食物碎屑).—Addtobananabread,pancakes,orbakingtoincreaseyourintakeoffibreandomega-3essentialfattyacids.1.Ifyouareallergictoglutenandinshortofvitaminandfibre,you’dbetterchoose_____.A.Flour-basedcookiesmatedwithcrumbs.BHome-madesaucecoupledwithHempSeeds.C.Gluten-freecakescombinedwithAlmondandFlax-seedMeals.D.Multi-coloredpuddingscoatedwithnutritiousChiaSeeds.2Whichofthefollowingcan’tbeputintotheprocessofbaking?A.AlmondMeal B.ChiaSeeds C.HempSeeds D.Flax-seedMeal3.Whereistheaboveadvertisementmostprobablyfound?A.WhatDoctorsDon’tTellYou B.OriginalFoodCureDepressionC.WhereHealthMeetChemistry D.TailoredRecipeWeekly【答案】1.C2.B3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了杏仁粉、亚麻籽、大麻籽和奇亚籽的营养，并推荐如何添加他们到食物中。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据表格中第三行第一句“HealthAlmondMealmakesanutritious,gluten-freealternativetoregularflourinbaking.AlmondmealisanexcellentsourceoffibreandvitaminE.(健康杏仁粉是一种营养丰富、无麸质的烘焙面粉替代品。杏仁是纤维和维生素E的极佳来源。)”，倒数第二句“—Asanutritiousadditionwhenbakingyourfavouritegluten-freecookies!(当烘焙你最喜欢的无麸质饼干时，作为营养补充!)”，最后一行的第一句“OrganicFlax-seedMealisrichinfibreandhealthyfats.(有机亚麻籽富含纤维和健康脂肪。)”和最后一句“Combinewithalmondmealandusetocoverfishormeatwithcrumbs.(与杏仁粉混合，用面包屑覆盖鱼或肉。)”可知，如果你对麸质过敏，却又缺乏维生素和纤维，那么杏仁粉（不含麸质又富含维生素和纤维）和亚麻籽（富含纤维）可以搭配在一起。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据表格第三行中“ALMONDMEALCANBEUSED-Asanutritiousadditionwhenbakingyourfavouritegluten-freecookies!(杏仁粉也可以当做：烘焙你最喜欢的无麸质饼干时，作为营养补充。)”，表格第五行中“HealthOrganicHulledHempSeeds—Hempseedscanalsobeaddedtohomemadesauceandbaking.(健康有机去壳大麻种子-大麻种子也可以添加到自制的酱汁和烘焙。)，”表格第五行中“TOADDFLAXSEEDMEALSTOYOURDIET:—Addtobananabread,pancakes,orbakingtoincreaseyourintakeoffibreandomega-3essentialfattyacids.(将亚麻籽添加到你的饮食中:-添加到香蕉面包、煎饼或烘焙中，以增加纤维和-3必需脂肪酸的摄入量。)”可知，AlmondMeal、HempSeeds和Flax-seedMeal可以用于烘焙，根据表格第五行中“CHIASEEDSCANBE:—Spreadonsalads,oatsorbreakfasts.—Usedtomakeahealthypuddingbywettingtheminyourfavouritefruitjuice,coconutmilkorcoconutwater.(奇亚籽可以是:——撒在沙拉、燕麦或早餐上。——用你最喜欢的果汁、椰奶或椰子水把布丁弄湿，做成健康的布丁。)”可知，Chiaseeds不能被用于烘焙。故选B项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据表格第二行“Integratingwholefoodsintoyourdietbymakinghealthyexchangesisaneasywaytoincreaseyourintakeofbeneficialnutrients.(通过健康的改变，将天然食品融入到你的饮食中是增加有益营养摄入的简单方法)”可知，这篇文章讲的是通过饮食改善健康状况，A项“WhatDoctorsDon’tTellYou(医生不会告诉你的事)”符合题意。故选A项。BHecamefromsomewheresouthofRome.Ididn’tknowwhenorhowhegottoAmerica,swammaybe.ButoneeveningIfoundhimstandinginthedriveway,behindmygarage,extremelythinandunhealthy.“MynameTonyTrivionnoandImow(割)yourlawn,”hesaid.ItwashardtocomprehendhisbrokenEnglish.“Imowyourlawn,”hesaidagainandwalkedaway.Yes,theseDepressiondaysweredifficult,buthowcouldIturnedawayapersonwhohadcometomeforhelp?WhenIgothomethenextevening,thelawnhadbeenmowed,thewalkssweptunclutteredandthegardenweeded.Contentwrittenonmywife’sface,conspicuously,sheassumedIhadhiredhim.Itoldherofmyexperiencethenightbeforeandwethoughtitstrangethathehadnotaskedforreward.Thenexttwodayswerebusy,andIalmostforgotabouthim.ButonFriday,Isawhim,behindmygarageagainandbusyaround.ImanagedtoworkoutsomesmallweeklypayforhimandeachdayhecleaneduptheyardandtookcareofanylittletasksHewasveryhelpfulwhenevertherewereanyheavyobjectstoliftorthingstofixinmyfactory.“Iwanttobeanapprentice(学徒),”hesaidoneday.EvenifwehadagoodPrenticeschoolthattrainedlaborers,Idoubtedwhetherhehadtheabilitytoreadblueprintsandmicrometers(千分尺).Therefore,hetookacutinpaytobecomeanapprentice.Manyyearslater,Ifoundhiminourfamiliarmeetingspot,muchfitterthanheusedtobeandtakingonalookofconfidence.Hewasamillionairenow!TonycametoAmericaseekingtheAmericanDream.Buthedidnotfindit——hecreateditbyhimself.Tonydidn’tbeginonthebottomrungoftheladder.Hebeganinthebasement.Tony’saffairsweretiny,andallhehadwere24hoursaday.Hewastednoneofthemandsucceededfinally.4.Tony________whenhecametoAmericaforthefirsttime.A.wasingoodphysicalconditions. B.hadagoodcommandofEnglish.C.wasemployedforhisambitions. D.chargednothingforhislabor.5.Theunderlinedword“conspicuously”mostprobablymeans________.A.miraculously B.obviously C.unfortunately D.suspiciously6.Whydidtheauthormention“basement”inthelastparagraph?A.ToempathizetheinitialtoughnessTonyfaced.B.TohighlypraiseTony’spatience-demandingjob.C.TojustifythatTonydeservedhisachievement.D.ToclarifytheprocessofTony’spursuitfordreams.7.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTony?A.Adventurousandcaring. B.Determinedbutshort-sightedC.Diligentandambitious. D.clumsybutstrong-minded.【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个名叫TonyTrivionno人，来美国找工作，寻求梦想，从最底层做起，最后创业成功的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Itoldherofmyexperiencethenightbeforeandwethoughtitstrangethathehadnotaskedforreward.(我前一天晚上把我的经历告诉了她，我们觉得奇怪的是他没有要求报酬。)”可知，Tony初到美国时，他的劳动不收费。故选D项。【5题详解】词句猜测题。划线词句前文“WhenIgothomethenextevening,thelawnhadbeenmowed,thewalkssweptunclutteredandthegardenweeded.(第二天晚上我回到家时，草坪已经被修剪了，人行道打扫得很整洁，花园里也除草了。)”说明Tony已给作者家里做了许多工作，根据划线词句后半部分“sheassumedIhadhiredhim(她以为我雇了他)”可知，很明显，妻子认为作者雇了Tony。从而推知划线词句“Contentwrittenonmywife’sface,conspicuously,(表情，就写在我妻子脸上，conspicuously,)”其中划线词汇意思应为“明显地”。故选B项。【6题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段中“TonycametoAmericaseekingtheAmericanDream.Buthedidnotfindit——hecreateditbyhimself.Tonydidn’tbeginonthebottomrungoftheladder.Hebeganinthebasement.(Tony来到美国寻求美国梦。但他没有找到——而是自己创造的。Tony不是从梯子的最底层开始的。他是从地下室开始。)”，结合前文所提到的Tony初到美国，劳动都不要报酬可知，作者之所以提到“地下室”是因为作者同情Tony最初面对的困难。故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，根据最后一段中“Tonydidn’tbeginonthebottomrungoftheladder.Hebeganinthebasement.Tony’saffairsweretiny,andallhehadwere24hoursaday.Hewastednoneofthemandsucceededfinally.(Tony不是从梯子的最底层开始的。他从是地下室开始。Tony的事务很小，每天只有24小时。他一点也没有浪费，最后成功了。)”可知，Tony是个勤奋上进的人。故选C项。CDuringthemostisolatingworldwidepandemicinacentury,it’stimetotakeacloserlookatwhatmayresultinloneliness.Asagroup,humansdevelopbeingaroundothers,buthowmuchandwhatkindofcontacteachpersonneedstofeelpartofacommunityvariesamongindividualsaswellasoveroneperson’sstageoflife.“Acommonbeliefisthattheloneliestpeoplearethosewhoarealone;actually,it’simportanttoseparatethetwo,”saidDr.Perissinotto,aprofessorofmedicineattheUniversityofCalifornia.“Kidswiththeirfamiliescanbelonelybecausetheycan’tseethefriendsatschool;peoplewhoarenotphysicallyisolatedcanfeellonelybecausethecommunitydoesn’twelcomethemin;andolderadultscanexperiencelonelinessthroughretirementordeathofalovedone.”Whatleadstolonelinessismuchdeeperthanbeingalone.Withthepandemicexacerbatinglonelinessissues,anincreasingnumberofhealthprofessionalsareconcernedaboutthementalandphysicalhealthrisksassociatedwiththefeeling—likedepressionandearlydeath,accordingtotheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.That’swhy,expertssay,it’salsotimetolookmorecloselyatwhatwecandoaboutloneliness.“Whenitcomestofightingloneliness,thekeyisnotlookingatcircumstancesandassumingwhatfeelingsshouldbeassociatedwithit,butactuallyaskingyourselfifyouarelonely,”Perissinottosaid.“Ifyoursolitude(独处)isachoiceandyouhavepeoplewhocansupportyouifyouneedhelp,thereisnosayingyoucan’tliveahappylife.”Andjustassolitudedoesn’tnecessarilyequalloneliness,interactiondoesn’tmeanfulfilmentforeveryone,accordingtoHawkley,aprincipalresearchscientistattheUniversityofChicago.“Peoplecanbearoundothersandfeellonelyanywayortheycanbeprettymuchsinglesoulsandnotbelonely,”Hawkleypointedout.Hawkleydividesconnectionsintothreeprimarytypesandholdsthatlonelinesscanstemfromthesensingofalackofanyofthem.“Thefirsttypehappenswhensomeonelikeaspouseissoclosetoyouthatpartofyouridentitybecomescloselyconnectedwithhisorhers.Thenthereisthesecondtype,whichyouestablishwithyourclosefriends,aswellasthethirdtype—thoseinteractionsthatmakeyoufeelpartofacommunity.”Itissuggestedthatoneidentifywhatkindoflossofconnectionhislonelinessiscomingfromandthenevaluatethequalityofhisvariousrelationships.Identifyingthekindofconnectionthatoneislongingforandthequalityoftherelationshipshealreadyhasareimportantfirststeps,butwhereonegoesfromtheredependsentirelyonhisspecificcontext.8.Accordingtothepassage,Perissinottoprobablyagreesthat________.A.peoplelivingonanisolatedislandtendtobemorelonely.B.askingsomeoneifhe’slonelydoesn’thelpfightloneliness.C.thosechoosingtobealonedonotnecessarilyfeelupset.D.someonewithoutcommunityadmissionfeelspowerless.9.Theunderlinedwordexacerbatinginparagraph3mostprobablymeans________.A.worsening B.ascending C.confusing D.alleviating10.Whatcanweconcludefromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Therearenoobviousconnectionsamongthreedifferenttypesofloneliness.B.Hawkleyholdsthatpeoplelackingoneofthethreeconnectionsfeellonely.C.Recognizingone’smissingconnectionishelpfulindealingwithloneliness.D.Thequalityofone’srelationshipsisnotsoimportantashisspecificcontext.11.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthelonelinessissue?A.Skeptical B.Concerned C.Appreciative D.Contradictory【答案】8.C9.A10.C11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章强调了在疫情期间对于孤独的研究的重要性，并介绍了研究结果，提出了应对建议。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中Perissinotto所说“Ifyoursolitude(独处)isachoiceandyouhavepeoplewhocansupportyouifyouneedhelp,thereisnosayingyoucan’tliveahappylife.(如果你选择独处，当你需要帮助的时候有人会支持你，没有人说你就不能过上快乐的生活。)”可知，Perissinotto认为选择独处的人不一定会感到不快乐。故选C项。【9题详解】词句猜测题。划线词句后半部分“anincreasingnumberofhealthprofessionalsareconcernedaboutthementalandphysicalhealthrisksassociatedwiththefeeling—likedepressionandearlydeath,accordingtotheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(据美国疾病控制与预防中心称，越来越多的卫生专业人员开始关注与抑郁和早逝相关的心理和身体健康风险。)”说明关注孤独造成的身心健康问题的专业人员越来越多，孤独问题更加严重了，从而推知划线部分“Withthepandemicexacerbatinglonelinessissues(随着疫情exacerbating孤独问题)”其中划线词汇应为“使更严重”的意思，选项A“使变得更糟糕”与之意义最为接近。故选A项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Hawkleydividesconnectionsintothreeprimarytypesandholdsthatlonelinesscanstemfromthesensingofalackofanyofthem.(Hawkley将联系分为三种主要类型，并认为孤独可能源于感觉缺少某种联系。)”以及最后一段中“Itissuggestedthatoneidentifywhatkindoflossofconnectionhislonelinessiscomingfromandthenevaluatethequalityofhisvariousrelationships.(建议一个人确定他的孤独来自于什么样的联系缺失，然后评估他的各种关系的质量。)”等可知，认识到自己缺失的联系有助于应对孤独。故选C项。【11题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，根据第一段“Duringthemostisolatingworldwidepandemicinacentury,it’stimetotakeacloserlookatwhatmayresultinloneliness.(在这个世纪以来导致独处的全球疫情大流行期间，是时候仔细研究一下孤独可能会导致什么了。)”以及最后一段中“Itissuggestedthatoneidentifywhatkindoflossofconnectionhislonelinessiscomingfromandthenevaluatethequalityofhisvariousrelationships.(建议一个人确定他的孤独来自于什么样的联系缺失，然后评估他的各种关系的质量。)”可知，本文强调了在疫情期间对孤独的研究的重要性，并介绍了研究结果，提出了应对建议。从而推知，作者对孤独问题是关心的。故选B项。DSearchengineshavechangedthewayweusetheInternet,puttingvastsourcesofinformationjustafewclicksaway.ButHarvardprofessorofpsychologyLineDanielWegner’srecentresearchprovesthatwebsitesandtheInternetarechangingmuchmorethantechnologyitself.Theyarechangingthewayourmemoriesfunction.Wegner’slateststudyshowsthatwhenpeoplehaveaccesstosearchengines,theyrememberfewerfactsandlessinformationbecausetheyknowtheycanrelyon“search”asareadilyavailableshortcut.WegnerbelievesthenewfindingsshowthattheInternethasbecomepartofatransactivememorysource,amethodbywhichourbrainsdivideinformation.Transactivememoryexistsinmanyforms,aswhenahusbandreliesonhiswifetorememberarelative’sbirthday.Youdon’thavetoremembereverythingintheworldyourself.Youjusthavetorememberwhoknowsit.Nowcomputersandtechnologyarebecomingvirtualextensionsofourmemory.Wegnerconductedseveralexperimentstodemonstratethephenomenon,usingvariousformsofmemoryrecalltotestrelianceoncomputers.Inoneexperiment,participantsdemonstratedthattheyweremorelikelytothinkofcomputertermslike“Yahoo”or“Google”afterbeingaskedasetofdifficulttriviaquestions.Inanotherexperiment,participantstypedsomestatementsintoacomputerandtheyweretoldthestatementswouldbesavedinspecificfolders.Next,theywereaskedtorecallthestatements.Finally,theyweregivencuestothewordingandaskedtonamethefolderswherethestatementswerestored.Theparticipantsprovedbetterabletorecallthefolderlocationsthanthestatementsthemselves.Wegneradmitsthatquestionsremainaboutwhetherdependenceoncomputerswillaffectmemoriesnegatively:“Nobodyknowsnowwhattheeffectsofthesetoolsareonlogicalthinking.”Studentswhohavetroublerememberingdistinctfacts,forexample,maystruggletoemploythosefactsincriticalthinking.Buthebelievesthatthesituationoverallisbeneficial,comparingdependenceoncomputerstodependenceonamechanicalhandorotherprostheticdevice.Andeventhoughwemaynotbeusingourmemoriestorecalldistinctfacts,wearestillusingthemtoconsiderwherethefactsarelocatedandhowtoaccessthem.“Westillhavetorememberthings,”Wegnerexplains.“We’rejustrememberingadifferentrangeofthings.”Hebelieveshisstudywillleadtofurtherresearchintounderstandingcomputerdependence,andlooksforwardtotracingtheextentofhumaninterdependencewiththecomputerworld—pinpointingthe“movabledividinglinebetweenusandourcomputersincybernetworks.”12.Theexampleofrememberingarelative’sbirthdayinthesecondparagraphisusedto________.A.showcasethatpeoplewhoarecloselyrelatedtendtohavesharedmemoriesB.demonstratehowpeopleinitiallydevelopedexternalsourcesofmemoryC.illustratetheconceptofatransactivememorysourceusingafamiliarsituationD.emphasizetheeffectivenessandaccuracyoftransactivememorysources13.Fromtheexperiment,whenaskedtoprovidefactsthatarenotfamiliartothem,peopletendto________.AthinkofspecificinformationsourcesB.typeintocomputerandrememberthemC.recallthemfromtheirdeepmemoriesD.linktheunfamiliarfactstotheirexperiences14.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Computerdependenceaffectsourthinkingcapacitiesinotherdistinctfields.B.Relianceoncomputersdoesnotnecessarilyreducehumanmemory.C.Computershavehelpedpeopletounderstandthememorysystembetter.D.Researchesshouldbedonetorevealthesideeffectofcomputerdependence.15.Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitle?A.Wegner’sResearchHasPinpointedTheDividingLineB.HeavyRelianceOnComputerForStoringMoreInformationC.Human’sMemoryCapabilityBecomingInevitablyWeakerD.TechnologicalNetworksReshapingOurBrainFunctions【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了计算机和技术正在重塑我们大脑的功能，并说明了研究开展的过程及意义。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“WegnerbelievesthenewfindingsshowthattheInternethasbecomepartofatransactivememorysource,amethodbywhichourbrainsdivideinformation.Transactivememoryexistsinmanyforms,aswhenahusbandreliesonhiswifetorememberarelative’sbirthday.(韦格纳认为，新的发现表明，互联网已经成为交互式记忆源的一部分，这是我们大脑划分信息的一种方法。交互记忆有多种形式，比如丈夫依靠妻子记住亲戚的生日)”可知，记住一个亲戚生日的例子是用一个熟悉的情况来说明交互记忆源的概念。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Inoneexperiment,participantsdemonstratedthattheyweremorelikelytothinkofcomputertermslike“Yahoo”or“Google”afterbeingaskedasetofdifficulttriviaquestions.Inanotherexperiment,participantstypedsomestatementsintoacomputerandtheyweretoldthestatementswouldbesavedinspecificfolders.Next,theywereaskedtorecallthestatements.Finally,theyweregivencuestothewordingandaskedtonamethefolderswherethestatementswerestored.Theparticipantsprovedbetterabletorecallthefolderlocationsthanthestatementsthemselves.(在一项实验中，参与者在被问及一系列复杂的琐事问题后，他们更有可能想到“雅虎”或“谷歌”等计算机术语。在另一项实验中，参与者在电脑中输入一些语句，并被告知这些语句将被保存在特定的文件夹中。接下来，他们被要求回忆这些陈述。最后，研究人员给他们提示，并要求他们说出存放这些语句的文件夹名称。事实证明，参与者能够更好地回忆文件夹位置，而不是语句本身。)”可知，从实验中我们知道，当被要求提供他们不熟悉的事实时，人们倾向于想到特定的信息源。故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中““Westillhavetorememberthings,”Wegnerexplains.“We’rejustrememberingadifferentrangeofthings.”Hebelieveshisstudywillleadtofurtherresearchintounderstandingcomputerdependence,andlooksforwardtotracingtheextentofhumaninterdependencewiththecomputerworld—pinpointingthe“movabledividinglinebetweenusandourcomputersincybernetworks.”(韦格纳解释道：“我们仍然需要记住一些事情。”“我们只是记住了不同范围的事情。”他相信他的研究将导致对计算机依赖性的进一步研究，并期待追踪人类与计算机世界的相互依赖程度——确定“在网络中我们与计算机之间的可移动分界线”。)”可推知，对计算机的依赖并不一定会减少人类的记忆。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“SearchengineshavechangedthewayweusetheInternet,puttingvastsourcesofinformationjustafewclicksaway.ButHarvardprofessorofpsychologyLineDanielWegner’srecentresearchprovesthatwebsitesandtheInternetarechangingmuchmorethantechnologyitself.Theyarechangingthewayourmemoriesfunction.(搜索引擎已经改变了我们使用互联网的方式，只需点击几下就能获得大量的信息。但哈佛大学心理学教授莱恩·丹尼尔·韦格纳最近的研究证明，网站和互联网正在发生的变化远不止技术本身。它们正在改变我们记忆的运作方式)”，再结合文章主要说明了计算机和技术正在重塑我们大脑的功能，并说明了研究开展的过程及意义，故D选项“技术网络重塑我们的大脑功能”符合文章大意，适合做标题，故选D。第二节(共5小题，每小题2.5分;满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Adolescenceisacrucialperiodwhenthesubjectexperiencesaprocessofgrowth,thedevelopmentofhisownpersonality,andthediscoveryofhimself.____16____Theyareoftenupsetwhentheirchildrenpraisethehomesoftheirfriendsandregarditasaslurontheirowncooking,orcleaning,orfurniture,andoftenarefoolishenoughtolettheadolescentsseetheyareannoyed.____17____Suchalossofdignityanddescentintochildishbehaviouronthepartoftheadultsdeeplyshockstheadolescents,andmakesthemresolvethatinfuturetheywillnottalktotheirparentsaboutanythingprivate.Disillusionment(幻灭感)withtheparents,howevergoodandadequatetheymaybebothasparentsandasindividuals,istosomedegreeinevitable.Mostchildrenhavesuchahighidealoftheirparents,unlesstheparentsthemselveshavebeenunsatisfactory,___18___Parentswouldbegreatlysurprisedanddeeplytouchediftheyrealizedhowmuchbelieftheirchildrenusuallyhaveintheircharacterandinfallibility(一贯正确),andhowmuchthisfaithmeanstoachild.Ifparentswerepreparedforthisadolescentreaction,andrealizedthatitwasasignthat___19___,theywouldnotbesohurt,andthereforewouldnotdrivethechildintooppositionbyresentingandresistingit.Victorianparentsbelievedthattheykepttheirdignitybyretreatingbehindanunreasoningauthoritarian(专制的)attitude;infacttheydidnothingofthekind,butchildrenwerethentoocowedtoletthemknowhowtheyreallyfeltwhile___20___,butonthewholethisisahealthierattitudebothforthechildandtheparent.Itisalwayswiserandsafertofaceuptoreality,howeverpainfulitmaybeatthemoment.A.incontemporarysocietieswetendtogototheotherextreme.B.Theymayevenaccusethemofdisloyaltyormakesomespitefulremarks.C.whichalmosteliminatedthedisillusionmentviasinceretalks.D.Buthowdoparentsfeelabouttheirkids’independenceshownout?E.adolescentscametotermswiththeirunreasoningdemands.F.thatitcanhardlystanduptoarealisticevaluation.G.thechildwasdevelopingvaluablepowersofobservationandjudgment.【答案】16.D17.B18.F19.G20.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要叙述了孩子在青春发育过程中的变化及其实质，父母和孩子之间出现的常见问题和应对措施，并指出处理不当可能带来的危害和不良后果。【16题详解】根据上文“Adolescenceisacrucialperiodwhenthesubjectexperiencesaprocessofgrowth,thedevelopmentofhisownpersonality,andthediscoveryofhimself.(青春期是主体成长、发展自身个性、发现自我的一个关键时期)”结合下文描述父母对待孩子青春期的表现，推知空处应引出话题。D选项“但是父母如何看待孩子表现出来的独立性?”符合上下文语境，故选D。【17题详解】根据上文“Theyareoftenupsetwhentheirchildrenpraisethehomesoftheirfriendsandregarditasaslurontheirowncooking,orcleaning,orfurniture,andoftenarefoolishenoughtolettheadolescentsseetheyareannoyed.(当他们的孩子称赞他们朋友的家时，他们常常感到不安，认为这是在诋毁他们自己的烹饪、清洁或家具，而且常常愚蠢地让孩子看到他们的烦恼)”和下文“Suchalossofdignityanddescentintochildishbehaviouronthepartoftheadultsdeeplyshockstheadolescents,andmakesthemresolvethatinfuturetheywillnottalktotheirparentsaboutanythingprivate.(大人的这种丧失尊严和孩子气的行为使青少年深感震惊，并使他们下定决心以后不再和父母谈论任何私事)”可知，上下文都陈述了父母不适当的反映。由此推知，空处话题和上下文一致。B选项“他们甚至会指责他们不忠或说一些恶意的话”符合文意，even表明和上文的递进关系，下文的“Suchalossofdignityanddescentintochildishbehaviour”指代空处内容。故选B。【18题详解】根据上文“Mostchildrenhavesuchahighidealoftheirparents,unlesstheparentsthemselveshavebeenunsatisfactory,(大多数孩子对父母的理想如此高，除非父母本身不令人满意)”推知，下文应陈述这种高期待带来的后果，并且构成such...that...固定句型，F选项“以至于它几乎经不起现实的评估”符合语境，紧密承接上文，故选F。【19题详解】根据上文“Ifparentswerepreparedforthisadolescentreaction,andrealizedthatitwasasignthat(如果父母对青少年的这种反应有所准备，并意识到这是一种迹象)”可知，that引导同位语从句对sign进行解释说明，因此空处是对sign的解释；结合下文“theywouldnotbesohurt,andthereforewouldnotdrivethechildintooppositionbyresentingandresistingit.(他们就不会受到如此大的伤害，因此也就不会因为怨恨和抗拒而把孩子推向对立面)”推知，这种迹象就是孩子们正在发展观察和判断能力。而正是这些观察和判断力让父母对孩子产生怨恨和抗拒。G选项“孩子正在发展有价值的观察和判断能力”符合题意，是对sign的解释。故选G。【20题详解】根据上文“Victorianparentsbelievedthattheykepttheirdignitybyretreatingbehindanunreasoningauthoritarian(专制的)attitude;infacttheydidnothingofthekind,butchildrenwerethentoocowedtoletthemknowhowtheyreallyfelt(维多利亚时代的父母认为，他们靠一种毫无道理的权威态度来维护自己的尊严；事实上，他们什么也没做，但孩子们被吓得不敢让父母知道自己的真实感受)”和while可知，前后形成对比。A选项“在当代社会，我们倾向于走向另一个极端”符合上下文两个时期的对比关系，符合文意，故选A。第三部分语言运用