2021-2022学年上海市杨浦区高三上学期期中英语试题及答案

2021-2022学年上海市杨浦区高三上学期期中英语试题及答案II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.HowMuchUnderstandingOpportunityCostDecisions,decisions!Everydaywecomeacrosssituationsin____1____wehavetomakeachoice.Economistshavelongrealizedthatwhenwemakedecision,weareconsideringourunlimitedwants____2____limitedtime,money,services,andopportunities.____3____wechoose,wenotonlyhavetothinkaboutthecostofoneitemwecanhavenow,butwemusttakeintoaccountthethingwehavetogiveup.Economistscallthis"opportunitycost,"andyoudon'thavetohaveaPhDineconomics____4____(benefit)fromknowinghowtheconceptworksandnowitcanimproveourlifechoices.Asimplechoicebetweenbuyingadinnerinanexpensiverestaurantandata____5____(affordable)foodstandcanillustrateopportunitycost.Themoneyyouspendonthehigh-classrestaurantmealiscertaintobemorethanthe____6____atafoodstand.Ifyouchoosetherestaurant,youwillenjoyagoodmealandtheenjoymentoffinedining.However,theextramoneyspentonthemealcomparedtothefoodfromthefoodstand____7____(lose).Yousacrificecheapermealforacostlierone.Thisisanexampleof"opportunitycost."____8____yougotocollege?Thatwouldtakeatleastfouryearsplustheexpensesfortuition,books,andothersupplies.Duringthattimeyouwouldprobablynotbeearninganymoney.Thelostopportunityofearningmoneyisyouropportunitycostofobtaining____9____collegedegree.Beforeyoumakeyournextpurchase,whetherforahouse,car,collegedegree,orjustcoffee,consider_____10_____youmustgiveuptomakethatpurchase.【答案】1.which2.against3.Everytime##When4.tobenefit5.moreaffordable6.one7.willbelost8.Should9.a10.what【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了经济学中的机会成本的概念，并用买饭和上大学这两个例子进行阐释说明，提醒人们在做购买决定时要更加理性。【1题详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们每天都会遇见我们不得不做出选择的情况/形势。根据situation“情况，形势”作先行词时定语从句的关系词应该使用inwhich或where，题干中已经给出了in，故此处填入关系代词which。【2题详解】考查介词。句意：我们总是拿我们无限的欲望来对抗有限的时间、金钱、服务以及机遇。根据句意可知“无限的欲望”和“有限的资源”之间存在对照/博弈关系，故此处填入介词against。【3题详解】考查连词。句意：我们每次在进行选择时，我们不仅要考虑我们当前所拥有的某样东西的成本，我们还要考虑我们不得不放弃的东西。根据逗号前的主谓结构可知前面为一个句子且为从句，根据句意可知是时间状语从句，可以填入连接词“when”，若要强调“每一次”的概念也可以填入“everytime”，故此处可填入连词Everytime或When。【4题详解】考查动词。句意：并且你不需要拥有一个经济学博士学位，来使你从了解这个概念是如何运作的中获益，现在这可以改善我们的人生选择。根据句意可知此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填入tobenefit。【5题详解】考查形容词。句意：一个简单的关于是在一个昂贵的餐馆买晚饭还是在一个更加负担得起的食品摊买饭就阐释了机会成本。根据句意是在昂贵的和便宜一些的餐馆间做选择，故需要用到形容此形容词的比较级，故填入moreaffordable。【6题详解】考查代词。句意：你在一个高级餐厅花的钱当然会比在一个食品摊上花的那份钱多。根据句意可知，“花的钱”是这个句子中重复的部分，根据英文一般忌重复的原则，后一次重复需要用到代词，one原则上不可以替代不可数名词，如果名词用一份等词量化时则可以，故此处填入代词one。【7题详解】考查时态和语态分词作定语。句意：如果你选择了餐馆，你会享受到好的饭菜和很棒的就用乐趣，然而，与食品摊位相比，你在你在餐馆额外花的钱将会失去。根据句意此句仍承接前句的假设，故主句仍需要用到将来时态，又因为钱做主语，则需要用到被动语态，故填入willbelost。【8题详解】考查情态动词。句意：你应该去读大学吗？根据本段大部分内容是在分析读大学的成本和收获可知，此处提出问题要不要读大学，所以此处填入情态动词Should。【9题详解】考查冠词。句意：你所失去的赚钱的机会就是你去获取大学学位的机会成本。显然，Degree“学位”为可数名词，又因为此处为泛指概念，故此处填入不定冠词a。【10题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：在你做出你的下一次购买决定前，无论是买房、车、大学学位还是咖啡，考虑为了这次购买你必须要放弃的东西。祈使句中动词consider后面为宾语从句，从句中的空缺处充当宾语且有意义，“东西”，故需填入连接代词what。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.naturalB.substitutingC.stableD.disappearE.pieceF.transformingGreturnedH.regrowthI.habitatsJ.flatK.pulledFireThatWasStarted92,000YearsAgoHumanareactivelychanginglandscapesacrosstheglobe,butshapingecosystemsisnotjustamodernactivity.AnanalysisofthenorthernshoresofEastAfrica'sLakeMalawirevealsancientinhabitantsusedfire92,000yearsagotopreventforest____11____.TheseStoneAgehumansburnedforesttomakeroomforagrowingpopulation.TheYale-ledstudydiscoveredsettlementsinthearea,alongwithcharcoaldepositsinthecoreofthelake,allowingresearchersto____12____thestorytogether.JessicaThompson,thepaper'sleadauthor,said:"ThisistheearliestevidenceIhaveseenofhumans____13____theirecosystemwithfire.ItsuggeststhatbytheLatePleistocene（晚更新世）,humanswerelearningtousefireintrulynewways.Theworkbeganin2018.ResearchersfromPennsylvaniaStateUniversityexaminedfossils,pollen（花粉）andminerals____14____fromthebottomofthelake.Theanalysisshowedenvironmentchangesthatcouldnotbeexplainedwith____15____factors.Normallyforestalongthelakeshore____16____duringdryperiodsandrecoverwhenthelakereachesnormallevels.Buthereresearchersdiscoveredthatwhenwetterperiods____17____andwaterlevelsbecamenormal,forestsalongtheshoredidnotrecover,andthespeciesrichnesswent____18____.SarahIvoryfromPennsylvaniaStateUniversitysaid:"Thepollenthatweseeinthismostrecentperiodof____19____climateisverydifferentthanbefore.Specifically,treesarenolongercommonandarereplacedbypollenfromplantsthatdealwellwithfrequentfire."It'snotclearwhypeoplewereburningthelandscape.It'spossiblethattheywereexperimentingwithcontrolledburnstoproduce_____20_____.Itcouldbethattheirfiresburnedoutofcontrol,orthatthereweresimplealotofpeopleburningfuelintheirenvironmentthatprovidedforwarmth,cooking,orsocialization.【答案】11.H12.E13.F14.K15.A16.D17.G18.J19.C20.I【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了考古发现早期人类是生态系统工程师。他们用火的方式阻止了该地区森林的再生，形成了今天存在的一片广阔的低矮灌木林。【11题详解】考查名词。句意：一项对东非马拉维湖北部海岸的分析显示，古代居民在92000年前使用火灾来防止森林的再生。分析句子可知，需填名词作宾语，根据下文的“TheseStoneAgehumansburnedforesttomakeroomforagrowingpopulation.(这些石器时代的人类烧毁森林，为不断增长的人口腾出空间)”可推断，古代居民用大火阻止森林再生，regrowth“再生”不可数名词，符合题意，故选H。【12题详解】考查动词。句意：耶鲁大学领导的研究发现了该地区的定居点，和湖中心的木炭沉积物，让研究人员可以把这个故事拼凑起来。to是不定式符号，故填动词，由句意可知，一个分析让研究人员拼凑出这个故事，piece“拼凑”符合句意，故选E。【13题详解】考查动词。句意：该论文的主要作者埃西卡·汤普森说：“这是我所看到的最早的关于人类用火改变生态系统的证据”。根据句意可知，此处说明人们用火改变生态系统，transform“改变；转变”符合语境，分析句子可知，介词of后接动名词作宾语，human是动名词的逻辑主语，故选F。【14题详解】考查动词。句意：这项工作始于2018年。来自宾夕法尼亚州立大学的研究人员检查了从湖底拖出来的化石、花粉和矿物质。根据句意可知，这些化石，花粉和矿物质来自湖底，pull“拖；拉”符合题意，作后置定语，pull与fossils,pollen（花粉）andminerals之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式作定语，故选K。【15题详解】考查形容词。句意：分析显示，环境变化无法用自然因素来解释。此处用形容词作定语，修饰名词，根据下一段内容可知，此处说的是自然因素无法介绍环境变化。natural“自然的”形容词作定语，故选A。【16题详解】考查动词。句意：通常沿湖岸的森林在干燥时期消失，当湖泊达到正常水平时恢复。分析句子可知，缺少谓语动词用动词形式，根据下文“recoverwhenthelakereachesnormallevels”可推断，干燥时期森林消失，描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语forest是单数，disappear“消失”动词作谓语。故选D。【17题详解】考查动词。句意：但研究人员发现，当较湿润时期回归和水位恢复正常时，沿岸森林没有恢复，物种丰富度趋于平稳。分析句子可知，空格处填动词作谓语，根据上文“recoverwhenthelakereachesnormallevels”可知，较湿润时期回归，森林恢复正常，return“返回；回归”符合语境，且描述过去的事情，用一般过去时。故选G。【18题详解】考查形容词。句意：但研究人员发现，当较湿润时期回归和水位恢复正常时，沿岸森林没有恢复，物种丰富度趋于平稳。go是系动词，接形容词作表语，根据上文“forestsalongtheshoredidnotrecover”可知，森林没有恢复，物种丰富度趋于平稳。flat“停滞的；平淡的”符合语境，故选J。【19题详解】考查形容词。句意：我们在最近一段稳定气候时期看到的花粉与以前大不相同。分析句子可知，用形容词作定语，根据下文“replacedbypollenfromplantsthatdealwellwithfrequentfire.”可知，此处表示稳定时期看到的花粉不同于以前火灾时期看到的。stable“稳定的”符合语境，故选C。【20题详解】考查名词。句意：有可能是他们在试验控制烧伤来产生有利于狩猎和采集的栖息地。分析句子可知，填名词作宾语，由上文“theywereexperimentingwithcontrolledburns”以及句意可推断，此处说明古代居民通过有控制的燃烧创造栖息地，habitat“栖息地”符合语境，是可数名词，用复数，故选I。III.ReadingComprehensionsSectionADirections:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.DealingwithDigitalShameSomeargueshamecanbeaforcefultoolforchange.Butwhenit'sweaponizedagainstothersin____21____digitalspaces,thesesamestrategiescanturnintohurtfulbehaviours,likecyberbullyingandonlineharassment(骚扰).Gettingcalledout,insultedorbulliedisn'texactly____22____.ButtheInternet'sabilitytostrengthenandpermanently____23____thosemessagesis.Andthistoolisnowinthehandsofmostyoungpeople.Here'showexpertsrecommendguidingkidsandteensthroughthisdigitallandscape.1.Thinkbeforeyoupost.Inthedigitalage,whatwesharecanbecome____24____.It'salsoawayof____25____ourselvestoothers,sayswebsafetyexpertNancyWillard.____26____,considerwhatyoursocialmediafootprintsaysaboutyou."Writedownthekeywordsthatyouwouldlikeotherpeopletousewhentheydescribeyou,"Willardsays."Then,whenyou're____27____something,[askyourself],'Doesthatreflectthosequalities?'"2.Workthroughscenarios(可能场景)inadvance.Ifsomeoneattacksyouonline,saysJustinW.Patching,co-directoroftheCyberbullyingResearchCentre,youmightfeelthedesire--eventheneedtorespond.Instead,parentsshouldconsiderhelpingtheirkids____28____suchsituationsbeforehand."Giventhemasituation,"hesays,"tojustpracticethoseskillsof____29____ormakingajokeofit."3.Stopandstaycalm.It'seasyforadelicatedigitalargumenttomakeyourbloodboil."Ifyou'reupset,realizethatthethreat_____30_____centreofyourbrainhastakenover,"Willardsays."Unfortunately,whenthishappens,youremotional_____31_____andyourthinkingcentresgooffline."Buttherearewaystoremaincool.Takesomedeepbreaths.Stepawayfromthekeyboard.Goforawalkoutside.4.Putyourselfintheotherperson'sshoes.Ifyou'rebeingbelittledonline,itmaysaymoreabouttheotherpersonthanitdoesaboutyou,sayspsychologistSherryTurkle."Ifyoucankeepthatinmind,"shesays,"thenthewholeexperiencewillseemless_____32_____toyou,emotionally."5.Empoweryourselfwithtools.Ifyoufindyourselfbeingcyberbullied,oftenthetechitselfcanprovideanumberofsimplewaystorespond:Blockingthe_____33_____.Reportinghurtfulexchanges.Takingscreenshots.Savingmessagethreads.Havingthat_____34_____canhelpifthebehavioursdoescalatebeyondonehurtfuloffensetorepeated,long-standingharassment.It'saloteasierforauthoritiestogetinvolvedwhentheycansee_____35_____what'sgoingon.21.A.stored B.shared C.shifted D.secured22.A.local B.true C.easy D.new23.A.document B.define C.distract D.dominate24A.internal B.relevant C.permanent D.virtual25.A.presenting B.adjusting C.restricting D.devoting26.A.Incontrast B.Inshort C.Infact D.Intheend27.A.printing B.piling C.posting D.passing28.A.substitutefor B.appealto C.recoverfrom D.preparefor29.A.ignoring B.isolating C.imitating D.identifying30.A.response B.review C.relief D.reserve31.A.integration B.regulation C.modification D.interruption32.A.conflicting B.confusing C.convincing D.comforting33.A.offender B.stranger C.sponsor D.partner34.A.feedback B.resource C.inquiry D.evidence35A.equally B.eagerly C.exactly D.extremely【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.A26.B27.C28.D29.A30.A31.B32.B33.A34.D35.C【解析】【分析】本文是应用文。文章介绍了5个应对网络欺凌和在线骚扰等数字信息空间侮辱行为的办法。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，当它在共享的数字空间被武器化，针对其他人时，同样的策略可能会变成伤害性行为，如网络欺凌和在线骚扰。A.stored储存的；B.shared共用的；C.shifted被转移的；D.secured获得的。结合常识和第三段“Inthedigitalage,whatwesharecanbecome4.”可知，数字信息空间是人们共用的(shared)公共空间。故选B项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：被骂、被侮辱或被欺负并不是什么新鲜事。A.local当地的；B.true真实的；C.easy容易的；D.new新的。结合常识可知，欺凌和被欺凌行为一直存在，并不是新鲜事。故选D项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但互联网强化和永久记录这些信息的能力却是这样。A.document记录；B.define给……下定义；C.distract使分心；D.dominate统治。结合常识可知，theInternet可以永久记录(document)信息。故选A项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在数字时代，我们分享的东西可以一直存在。A.internal内部的；B.relevant相关的；C.permanent永久的，一直存在的；D.virtual虚拟的。根据第二段“ButtheInternet'sabilitytostrengthenandpermanently3thosemessagesis.”可知，在数字信息时代，人们分享的东西会一直存在。故选C项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：网络安全专家南希·威拉德说，这也是向他人展示自己的一种方式。A.presenting展示；B.adjusting调整；C.restricting限制；D.devoting致力于。根据下文“whatyoursocialmediafootprintsaysaboutyou.”可知，人们在数字信息空间的分享会反映自己的情况，也是一种对自己的展示。故选A项。【26题详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：简而言之，考虑一下你的社交媒体足迹反映了你什么。A.Incontrast相反；B.Inshort简言之；C.Infact事实上；D.Intheend最后。根据语境可知，“considerwhatyoursocialmediafootprintsaysaboutyou.”是对前文的总结。故选B项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，当你发布一些东西的时候，(问问自己)，“它反映了那些品质吗?”。A.printing打印；B.piling堆放；C.posting发布，上传；D.passing传递。根据上文可知，NancyWillard认为人们在数字信息空间的分享会反映自己的情况，所以在发布(post)东西前要想清楚是否能达到自己想要的效果，是否能反映出那些自己想要展示的品质。故选C项。【28题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：相反，父母应该考虑帮助他们的孩子提前做好准备。A.substitutefor代替；B.appealto呼吁；C.recoverfrom恢复；D.preparefor为……准备。根据下文“Giventhemasituation,”和“tojustpracticethoseskillsof9ormakingajokeofit.”可知，Justin建议父母要让孩子提前练习，提前做准备。故选D项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“给他们一个情境，”他说，“练习无视或拿它开玩笑的技巧。”。A.ignoring忽视；B.isolating使隔离；C.imitating模仿；D.identifying识别。根据“makingajokeofit”可推知，面对网络欺凌时，Justin的建议是不要太在意，可以选择无视它或者拿它开玩笑。故选A项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你心烦意乱，要意识到你大脑中的“威胁反应中心”已经占据了主导地位。A.response反应；B.review复习；C.relief缓解；D.reserve预订。结合常识可知，生气意味着我们会对威胁作出反应，大脑中“威胁反应中心”开始起作用。故选A项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，当这种情况发生时，你的情绪管理和思维中心就会离线。A.integration结合；B.regulation管理；C.modification修改；D.interruption打断。根据上文“thethreat10centreofyourbrainhastakenover”和“thinkingcentresgooffline”可推知，生气时情绪管理(regulation)和思维就会下线，失控。故选B项。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这样整个经历在情感上对你来说就不会那么困惑了。A.conflicting相矛盾的；B.confusing令人困惑的；C.convincing令人信服的；D.comforting令人欣慰的。根据上文可知，心理学家Sherry建议换位思考，这样当被贬低时，这件事情就不会那么令人感到困惑(confusing)。故选B项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：屏蔽冒犯者。A.offender冒犯者；B.stranger陌生人；C.sponsor资助者；D.partner合伙人。根据“Blocking”可知，要屏蔽的是网络欺凌者，冒犯别人的人。故选A项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果这些行为确实从一次伤害性的冒犯升级为反复的、长期的骚扰，有了这些证据会有所帮助。A.feedback反馈；B.resource资源；C.inquiry调查；D.evidence证明。根据上文“Takingscreenshots.Savingmessagethreads.”可知，作者建议留下证据。故选D项。【35题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当当局能够清楚地看到正在发生的事情时，他们就更容易介入。A.equally平等地；B.eagerly急切地；C.exactly确切地；D.extremely极度。结合上文和常识可知，作者建议留下证据，这样做的目的是在必要的时候让别人确切地(exactly)看到发生了什么。故选C项。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingtwopassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)A47-year-oldFrenchmanhadanunfortunateexperiencewhilewalkingaroundCannes.Hereheistotellusallaboutit.TheBlackHoleIworkinthephilosophydepartmentattheuniversity.Justlastweek,Ihadsomedrinkswithsomefriendsinabar.Afterafewglassesofwine,butnottoomany,mindyou,Ifelt.Itwasaboutsixintheevening,anditwasstartingtogetdark.Ithadbeenrainingheavilythepastfewdays,butthatnightitwaspleasantsoIdecidedtowalkhome.However,I'djustturnedthecornerintomystreetwhenallofasudden,"whoosh",Ifelldownanuncoveredmanhole.FlyingItwasanincredibleexperience.ItwasasifIwasflyingthroughtheair.Icouldfeelthecold,wetsidesofthedrain.Eventuallymybackwasrubbingalongtheside,until"splash",Ifellintoapoolofrunningwater.AWaterRideNowIwasmovingquitefast.Thecurrentwasverystrong—Iguessitwasbecauseofalltheheavyrainthathadfloodedthedrain.Luckilythewaterwasn'tverydeepsoIcouldkeepmyheadabovewater.TherewasnothingIcoulddo,soIlayback,withmyhandsbehindmyhead,asifIwasonslideinawaterpark,andjustletmyselfgo.Itwasquitepleasantreally,exceptfortheoccasionalmouthfulofsickeningwater,andahorriblesmell.Whenwasitgoingtoend?Iwasabouttofindout.TheEndoftheOrdealAllofasudden,Icouldseealightattheendofthetunnel.Itstartedoffquitesmall,butthenitgotbiggerandbigger.AfewsecondslaterIwasshotupviolentlyoutofthedrain,andontothebeach,rightbelowtheluxuriousMajesticHotel.Ilaythereforafewsecond,shaken,butunharmed.ThenIpickedmyselfup,walkeduptothehotelandtoldthemwhathadhappened.Ofcourse,atfirstitwashardtoconvincethemthatthisdirty,wetmiddle-agedmanwithahorriblesmellonhimwasinfactadignifieduniversityprofessor.Anyway,theyeventuallybelievedmeandallowedmetocleanmyselfinoneoftherooms.RecoveryMiraculously,Iwasuninjuredaftermy30-minutesride.Iamcurrentlyintheprocessofchargingthelocalcouncilwithfailingtowarnthepublicabouttheunmarkedmanhole.Meanwhile,thetownmayorhasblamed"unusuallystrongrainfall"forthesituation.36.Whydidthemanfallintotomanhole?A.Hewaswalkingtoofast. B.Hehaddrunktoomuchwine.C.Themanholewasuncovered. D.Theheavyrainblockedhisvision.37.Theunderlinedword"ordeal"probablymeans________.A.suffering B.spinning C.overflow D.offence38.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheman?A.Heblamedhismisfortuneontheunusuallyheavyrain.B.Hewasluckyenoughtogespottedbyahotelemployee.C.Hehadtoswimagainstthestrongcurrenttosurvive.D.Heisengagedinalegalcaseagainstthelocalauthorities.39.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthearticle?A.AFrenchman'sNightEncounter B.ARidedowntheDrainC.WatchoutforHiddenDangers D.DefendOne'sDignityinToughSituations【答案】36.C37.A38.D39.B【解析】【分析】本文是应用文。文章讲述了47岁的法国大学教授在晚上回家途中掉进地面的检修孔，在下水道里顺水漂流半个小时的不幸遭遇。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“However,I'djustturnedthecornerintomystreetwhenallofasudden,"whoosh",Ifelldownanuncoveredmanhole.(然而，我刚拐进我住的那条街，突然，“嗖”的一声，我掉进了一个没有盖的下水道)”可知，下水道的检修孔没有盖上，所以他掉了下去。故选C项。【37题详解】词句猜测题。根据第五段“Allofasudden,Icouldseealightattheendofthetunnel.(突然间，我在隧道尽头看到了一线亮光)”、“AfewsecondslaterIwasshotupviolentlyoutofthedrain,andontothebeach,rightbelowtheluxuriousMajesticHotel.(几秒钟后，我从下水道里被猛烈地喷了出来，落到海滩上，就在豪华的Majestic酒店的正下方)”和“Ofcourse,atfirstitwashardtoconvincethemthatthisdirty,wetmiddle-agedmanwithahorriblesmellonhimwasinfactadignifieduniversityprofessor.(当然，一开始很难让他们相信，这个脏兮兮、湿漉漉、身上散发着难闻气味的中年男子实际上是一位高贵的大学教授)”可知，本段描写了他如何从下肮脏的下水道脱身，结束了可怕的下水道漂流，所以小标题“TheEndoftheOrdeal”中的ordeal是指“在下水道漂流的痛苦”，suffering与其词义相近，表示“痛苦”。故选A项。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段“Iamcurrentlyintheprocessofchargingthelocalcouncilwithfailingtowarnthepublicabouttheunmarkedmanhole.(我现在正在起诉地方议会没有提醒公众注意未标记的下水道)”可知，他正在起诉地方议会。故选D项。【39题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了47岁的法国大学教授在晚上回家途中掉进地面的检修孔，在下水道里顺水漂流半个小时的不幸遭遇，故B项“ARidedowntheDrain(下水道漂流)”是最佳标题。故选B项。(B)Wouldyouliketomakeourreaderssmile?Enterthisfunnystory-writingcompetitionandyoucouldseeyourstoryprintedinTheWeekJuniorandpublishedinaspecialdownloadablebook.Thingscanfeelquitestrangeandseriousatthemoment.Sometimesweallneedabreakfromrealitytoescapeintoastorythatmakesuslaughoutloud.That'swhereyoucomein.GuyBass(authorofStitchHeadandSkeletonKeys)wantyoutogivehimthegiggles.Usuallyit'sGuy'sjobtomakehisreaderslaugh,butnowhe'sturningthetablesashesearchersforthefunniestyoungwriterswhocangivehimAWRITELAUGH.He'slookingforninefunnystorieswrittenbychildrenagedfromfiveto13,topublishinaspecialbook.WhatyouwinTherearethreeagecategories:5-7years,8-10years,and11-13years.Therewillbeafirst,secondandthird-placedwinnerineachcategory.TheWeekJunior'seditorialteamwillbeselectingoneofthewinningstoriestopublishinthemagazine.Eachoftheninewinnerswillhavetheirstoryincludedinaspeciale-bookthatwillbeavailableonline.Alsoupforgrabsarestacksoffunnybooks,andayear'ssubscriptiontoTheWeekJuniormagazinefortheoverallwinner.HOWTOENTERStoriesshouldbenomorethan500wordslong.Theycanbeonanytopic,buttheymustmakethejudgeslaughoutloud.Askaparentorguardiantosendyourentrytoawritelaugh@littletigerco.ukDon'tforgettoincludeyournameandage.Beforeyouenterthecompetition,makesureyourparentorguardianhasreadthetermsandconditions.ThedosingdateforentriesismidnightonFriday31December.Notsurewheretostart?Guyhasaskedlotsofhisauthorfriendstosupplyhintsandtipstohelpgetyourcreativejuicesflowing.Visit/masterclasses/awritelaughtowatchvideofromGuyBass,LizPichon,A.F.Harrold,SwapnaHaddowandmanymore!*Team&Conditions:AWriteLaugh(the"Competition")isorganizedbytheLittleTigerGroup.Toviewthefulltermsandconditionsandrulesforentrypleasegotolittetiger.co.uk/a-write-laughPrivacy:Anypersonaldatarelatingtoentrantswillnotbedisclosedtothirdpartywithouttheindividual'spermission.Wewillonlyusetheinformationyouprovidetodetermineyouradmissibilityandtocontactyouinrelationtoyourentry.DatarelatingtoentrantswillbekeptbyLittleTigerGroupforareasonableperiodoftimeafterthecompetitioncloses,toassistLittleTigerGrouptooperatethecompetitioninasteadymannerandtodealwithanyinquiriesonthecompetition.40.Toenterthecompetition,theentrantsmust________.A.sendhis/herstorytoawritelaugh@littletiger.co.ukB.handinhis/herentryonFriday31DecemberC.useideasfrom/masterclasses/awritelaughD.writeashortfunnystoryonthetopicgivenbyGuyBass41.Whataretheprizesforthewinners?A.Allthefirst-placedwinners'storieswillbepublishedinTheWeekJunior.B.Thewinnerswillseetheirstoriesincludedinane-book.C.Thewinnerswillhavethechancetotalkwithfamousauthors.D.ThewinnerscansubscribetoTheWeekJunioratadiscount.42.Accordingtothetermsandconditions,________.A.personaldatawon'tbedisclosedunderanycircumstance.B.LittleTigerGroupownsthecopyrightonallthestoriesC.personaldatawillbeusedinrelationtothecompetitionD.LitterTigerGroupwillremovealldatarightafterthecompetition【答案】40.A41.B42.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了《少年周刊》杂志社准备开展一次有趣的故事写作征文比赛，文章对比赛的规则、要求、方式以及奖励等方面进行了详细的说明。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据文章HOWTOENTER部分“Askaparentorguardiantosendyourentrytoawritelaugh@littletigerco.uk”（请家长或监护人将您的报名登记发送至awritelaugh@littletigerco.uk）可知为了参加比赛，参赛者必须将自己的故事发送至awritelaugh@littletiger.co.uk。故选A项。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据文章Whatyouwin部分“Eachoftheninewinnerswillhavetheirstoryincludedinaspeciale-bookthatwillbeavailableonline.“（九位获奖者中的每一位都将把他们的故事写进一本特别的电子书中，这本书将在网上提供。）说明获奖者将在电子书中看到他们的故事。故选B项。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Privacy:Anypersonaldatarelatingtoentrantswillnotbedisclosedtothirdpartywithouttheindividual'spermission.Wewillonlyusetheinformationyouprovidetodetermineyouradmissibilityandtocontactyouinrelationtoyourentry.”（隐私：未经个人许可，不得向第三方披露与参赛者有关的任何个人数据。我们将仅使用您提供的信息来确定您是否可以参加，并就您的参加事宜与您联系。）说明根据条款和条件，个人数据将用于比赛。故选C项。(C)Youcantellalotaboutpeople'sgeneralstateofmindbasedontheirsocialmediafeeds.Aretheyalwaystweetingabouttheirbiggestannoyancesorpostingpicturesofparticularlycutekitties?Inasimilarfashion,researchersareturningtoTwitterforcluesabouttheoverallhappinessofentiregeographiccommunities.Whatthey'refindingisthatregionalvariationintheuseofcommonphrasesproducespredictionsthatdon'talwaysreflectthelocalstateofwellbeing.Butremovingfromtheiranalysesjustthreespecificterms—good,loveandLOL—greatlyimprovestheaccuracyofthemethods.“We'relivinginacrazyCOVID-19era.Andnowmorethanever,we'reusingsocialmediatoadapttoanewnormalandreachouttothefriendsandfamilythatwecan'tmeetface-to-face.”KokilJaidkastudiescomputationallinguisticsattheNationalUniversityofSingapore.“Butourwordsaren'tusefuljusttounderstandwhatwe,asindividuals,thinkandfeel.They'realsousefulcluesaboutthecommunitywelivein.”Oneofthesimplermethodsthatmanyscientistsusetoanalyzethedatainvolvescorrelatingwordswithpositiveornegativeemotions.Butwhenthoserecordsarecomparedwithphonesurveysthatassessregionalwell-being,Jaidkasays,theydon'tpaintanaccuratepictureofthelocalzeitgeist.Beingabletogetanaccuratereadonthemoodofthepopulationisnolaughingmatter.“That'sparticularlyimportantnowinthetimeofCOVID,wherewe'reexpectingamentalhealthcrisisandwe'realreadyseeinginsurveydatathelargestdecreaseinsubjectivewell-beingin10yearsatleast,ifnotever.”Tofindoutwhy,JaidkaandherteamanalyzedbillionsoftweetsfromaroundtheUnitedStates.AndtheyfoundthatamongthemostfrequentlyusedtermsonTwitterareLOL,loveandgood.Andtheyactuallythrowtheanalysisoff.Whythedisconnect?“Internetlanguageisreallyadifferentbeastthanregularspokenlanguage.We'veadaptedwordsfromtheEnglishvocabularytomeandifferentthingsindifferentsituations.”saysJaidka.“Take,forexample,LOL.I'vetweetedthewordLOLtoexpressirony,annoyanceandsometimesjustpuresurprise.WhenthemethodsformeasuringLOLasamarkerofhappinesswerecreatedinthe1990s,itstillmeantlaughingoutloud.”"Thereareplentyoftermsthatarelessmisleading,"saysJaidka."Ourmodelstellusthatwordslikeexcited,fun,great,opportunity,interesting,fantasticandthosearebetterwordsformeasuringsubjectivewell-being."43.Theresearchersturntosocialmediafeedsto________.A.helpwiththeanalysisofpeople'ssubjectivewell-beingB.locatethemost-frequentlyusedwordsC.provethedisconnectbetweenlanguageandemotionsD.makethepredictionmethodmoreeffective44.HowdidJaidkaknowtheanalysiswasn'taccurate?A.Itdidn'treflectthemoodoftheentiregeographiccommunityB.Itdidn'tmatchtheassessmentresultofthephonesurveys.C.Itdidn'tconsiderthefeaturesofInternetlanguage.D.Itdidn'ttaketheregionalvariationsintoaccount.45.WhichofthefollowingstatementswillJaidkamostprobablyagreewith?A.Face-to-facecommunicationisneededtoensurehappiness.B.Internetuseistoblameforthedecreaseinsubjectivewell-being.C.Internetlanguageshouldbeabandonedasasourceofscientificanalysis.D.Lessmisleadingwordsshouldbeusedinassessingsubjectivewell-being.【答案】43.A44.B45.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了，研究人员利用社交媒体来帮助分析人们的主观幸福感，他们发现，使用常用短语的地区差异所产生的预测并不总是反映当地的幸福状态。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Inasimilarfashion,researchersareturningtoTwitterforcluesabouttheoverallhappinessofentiregeographiccommunities.(以类似的方式，研究人员正在Twitter上寻找关于整个地理社区总体幸福感的线索)”可知，研究人员利用社交媒体来帮助分析人们的主观幸福感。故选A。【44题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Butwhenthoserecordsarecomparedwithphonesurveysthatassessregionalwell-being,Jaidkasays,theydon'tpaintanaccuratepictureofthelocalzeitgeist.(但当这些记录与评估地区福祉的电话调查相比较时，Jaidka说，它们并不能准确描绘出当地的时代精神)”可知，Jaidka知道分析不准确是因为和电话调查的评估结果不一致。故选B。【45题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“"Thereareplentyoftermsthatarelessmisleading,"saysJaidka."Ourmodelstellusthatwordslikeexcited,fun,great,opportunity,interesting,fantasticandthosearebetterwordsformeasuringsubjectivewell-being."(“有很多术语不那么具有误导性，”Jaidka说，“我们的模型告诉我们，像兴奋、有趣、伟大、机会、有趣、美妙等词是衡量主观幸福感的更好的词。”)”可知，Jaidka可能会认同D选项“在评估主观幸福感时，应该少用误导性的词语”的说法。