2022-2023学年上海市宝山区高三上学期期中英语试题及答案

2022-2023学年上海市宝山区高三上学期期中英语试题及答案(本试卷满分140分，考试时间120分钟)I.ListeningComprehension略II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Whilethepracticeofmindfulnesshasbecomeincreasinglypopular,itsrootscanbetracedbackthousandsofyearstoBuddhism(佛教).Oneofthepeopleoften____1____(think)tobringmindfulnesstotheWestisJonKabat-Zinn,whodevelopedaneight-weekMindfulness-BasedStressReductionprogramandfounded____2____isnowtheCenterforMindfulnessattheUniversityofMassachusettsMedicalSchoolin1979.Kabat-ZinnmixedBuddhistideasaboutmindfulnesswithscience,makingitmoreaccessibleto____3____intheWest.Soon,mindfulnessmadeitswayintoclinicalsettingsandhasbeensuccessfulintreatinghealthissues____4____anxietyanddepression.Alargequantityofstudies____5____(focus)ontheabilityofmindfulnessmeditationoverthepastfewyears.Forexample,ina2003studyofcancerpatients,increasedmindfulnesswasshowntoeffectivelyreducestressandanxiety.Giventheway____6____mindfulnesscandecreasestress,itcomesasnosurprisethatitcanalsohelpdealwithemotionalproblems.Anotherstudyindicatesmindfulnessmayalsoimproveworkingmemory.Jhaandcolleaguesinvestigateditsimpactonmilitaryparticipantsduringastressfultime,____7____stresshasbeenshowntodecreaseworkingmemory.Onegroupattendedaneight-weekmindfulnessmeditationcoursebuttheothersdidnot.Workingmemorydecreasedinthecontrolgroup;however,inthemindfulnessgroup,workingmemorydecreasedinthosewhospenttheleasttimeonmindfulnessmeditationbutincreasedinthosewhospentmostoftheirfreetime____8____(practise)mindfulnessmeditation.Clearly,mindfulnesshasmanybenefits,butit’snotacure-all.Forexample,onestudyfoundthatfollowingmindfulnessmeditation,participantswere____9____(likely)toformaccuratememories.ItmayevenresultinsevereanxietyforthosePTSD(创伤后应激障碍)patientswhotend____10____(avoid)thoughtsandfeelingsrelatedtotheirsadpast.【答案】1.thought2.what3.those4.like5.hasfocused##hasbeenfocused6.that7.as##because8.practising9.lesslikely10.toavoid【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了正念的起源和它的功用。【1题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：JonKabat-Zinn是通常被认为将正念引入西方的人之一。他开发了一个为期八周的正念减压项目，并于1979年在马萨诸塞大学医学院建立了现在的正念中心。提示词think(认为)作后置定语修饰名词词组Oneofthepeople，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语Oneofthepeople之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动。故填thought。【2题详解】考查名词性从句。句意：JonKabat-Zinn是通常被认为将正念引入西方的人之一。他开发了一个为期八周的正念减压项目，并于1979年在马萨诸塞大学医学院建立了现在的正念中心。空格后是及物动词found后的宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，用连接代词what引导该宾语从句，作主语。故填what。【3题详解】考查代词。句意：Kabat-Zinn将佛教关于正念的思想与科学结合起来，使其更容易为西方人所接受。根据句意，句中指代“西方人”，用复数代词those。故填those。【4题详解】考查介词。句意：很快，正念进入了临床环境，并成功地治疗了焦虑和抑郁等健康问题。根据句意，anxiety和depression是对healthissues的举例说明，可用介词like引出列举对象，意为“例如，譬如”。故填like。【5题详解】考查动词时态和语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几年里，大量的研究集中在正念冥想的能力。focuson(聚焦，集中)是句中谓语动词，结合时间状语overthepastfewyears可知应用现在完成时态，与主语之间可理解为主动关系“研究集中于……”，用主动语态，也可理解为被动关系“研究被聚焦于……”，用被动语态，又因“alargequantityof+名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，所以谓语动词用现在完成时主动或被动语态，单数形式。故填hasfocused/hasbeenfocused。【6题详解】考查定语从句。句意：考虑到正念可以减少压力，它也可以帮助处理情绪问题就不足为奇了。分析句子可知，空格后是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词way(方式)；名词way表示“方式”时，其后定语从句可用关系词that或者inwhich引导，也可省略引导词，结合语法填空特征，本题用关系代词that引导。故填that。【7题详解】考查状语从句。句意：Jha和他同事调查了压力对军事参与者的影响，因为压力已经被证明会降低工作记忆。根据句意，上下文上之间存在因果关系，用从属连词as或者because引导原因状语从句。故填as/because。【8题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：对照组的工作记忆下降；然而，在正念组中，花最少时间进行正念冥想的人工作记忆下降，而花大部分空闲时间进行正念冥想的人工作记忆增加。spendsometime(in)doingsth.是固定搭配，用动名词作宾语。故填practising。【9题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：例如，一项研究发现，在正念冥想之后，参与者不太可能形成准确的记忆。结合上文“it’snotacure-all”可知，句中讲正念冥想的不足之处，用比较级lesslikely表示否定意思，意为“不太可能”。故填lesslikely。【10题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它甚至可能导致那些创伤后应激障碍患者严重焦虑，他们倾向于避免与悲伤的过去有关的想法和感受。tendtodo...为固定搭配，意为“倾向于……”，跟不定式作宾语。故填toavoid。SectionBDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonemorewordthanyouneed.A.aboardB.alarmedC.eventuallyD.apparentlyE.housesF.launchingG.leadingH.missionsI.rushJ.speedyK.splitThehistoryofspaceexplorationin

Chinastretchesbackto900A.D.,wheninnovatorsinthecountrypioneeredthefirstsimplerockets.TheChinaNationalSpaceAdministration(CNSA)sentthefirstChineseastronautintospacein2003.Today,Chinaisa(n)____11____playerintheworldwidespaceexplorationeffort.

Inthemid-20thcentury,ChinawatchedastheU.S.andSovietUnionbegantheir____12____tobecomethefirstnationonthemoon.BoththeU.S.andtheSovietUniondemonstratedprogresstowardsputtingweaponsintoorbit,whichnaturally____13____Chinaandothercountries.Inresponsetotheseconcerns,

Chinabegantopursuespacetravelinthelate1950s.Atfirst,ChinahadajointcooperationagreementwiththeSovietUnionandlaterChinabegantochartitsownpathtospace,____14____itsfirstrocketsinSeptember1960.

Startinginthelate1960s,Chinabeganworkingonspacevehiclecapableofcarryinghumansintospace.However,theprocesswasnota(n)____15____one.In1988,ChinacreatedtheMinistryofAerospaceIndustry.Afterafewyears,theministrywas____16____uptoestablishtheChinaNationalSpaceAdministrationandtheChinaAerospaceScienceandTechnologyCorporation.ThefirstChineseastronauttotraveltospace,YangLiwei,wassentbythe

CNSA.In2003,herodetoorbit____17____aShenzhou5capsuleontopofaLongMarchfamilyrocket.Theflightwasshort–just21hourslong–butitgrantedChinatitleofthethirdcountrytoeversendahumanintospaceandsafelyreturnthemtoEarth.Today,China’sspaceprogramisaimedat____18____sendingastronautstotheMoonandbeyond.Inadditiontothosetypesoflaunches,Chinahasbuilttwospacestations:Tiangong1andTiangong2.Tiangong1hasbeende-orbited,butthesecondstation,Tiangong2,isstillinuseandcurrently____19____avarietyofscienceexperiments.AthirdChinesespacestationisplannedforlaunchintheearly2020s.Ifallgoesasplanned,thenewspacestationwillbringastronautstoorbitforlong-term_____20_____inresearchstations.【答案】11.G12.I13.B14.F15.J16.K17.A18.C19.E20.H【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。短文介绍了中国航空航天的历史以及取得的成就。【11题详解】考查形容词。句意：今天，中国在全球太空探索努力中处于领先地位。空处填形容词作定语，leading“主要的，居前的”符合句意。故选G项。【12题详解】考查名词。句意：在20世纪中期，中国目睹了美国和苏联开始争相成为第一个登上月球的国家。began后接名词作宾语，rush“冲，奔，争做”符合句意。故选I项。【13题详解】考查时态。句意：美国和苏联都展示了在将武器送入轨道方面取得的进展，这自然让中国和其他国家感到惊恐。定语从句缺少谓语，根据“demonstrated”可知，为一般过去时，alarm“使惊恐；使害怕”符合句意，故选B项。【14题详解】考查现在分词。句意：起初，中国与苏联签署了联合合作协议，后来中国开始规划自己的太空之路，并于1960年9月发射了第一枚火箭。分析句子可知，空处填非谓语动词。与China在逻辑上是主动关系。再根据“itsfirstrockets”可知，launching“发射”符合句意。故选F项。【15题详解】考查形容词。句意：然而，这一过程并不迅速。空处填形容词作表语，speedy“快速的”符合句意。故选J项。【16题详解】考查语态。句意：几年后，该部被拆分为中国国家航天局和中国航天科技集团公司。根据下文“establishtheChinaNationalSpaceAdministrationandtheChinaAerospaceScienceandTechnologyCorporation.”可知，该部被拆分为中国国家航天局和中国航天科技集团公司。besplitup“被分裂”符合句意。故选K项。【17题详解】考查介词。句意：2003年，他乘坐长征系列运载火箭上的神舟五号太空舱进入轨道。空处缺少介词，aboard“上（船、飞机、火车等）”符合句意。故选A项。【18题详解】考查副词。句意：如今，中国的太空计划旨在最终将宇航员送上月球及更远的地方。副词作状语修饰动词，eventually“最终地”符合句意。故选C项。【19题详解】考查动词。句意：天宫一号已经脱离轨道，但第二个空间站天宫二号仍在使用中，目前承载着各种科学实验。空处缺少谓语且为一般现在时，house“安置，容纳”符合句意。故选E项。【20题详解】考查名词。句意：如果一切按计划进行，新空间站将把宇航员送入轨道，在研究站执行长期任务。for后接名词，根据“inresearchstations”可知，在研究站执行长期任务,mission可数名词，用复数形式。故选H项。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Themarketisruledbysupplyanddemand,andasaconsumeryoucanhaveahugeimpactonthe____21____sideoftheequation(等式).Ifallofusmakeindividualchangesinwhatwebuyanduse,itcan____22____uptoalot.Butreducingyourowncarbonemissionsisn’tthemostpowerfulthingyoucando.Youcanalsosendasignaltothemarketthatpeopleare____23____topayforzero-carbonalternatives.Whenyoupaymoreforanelectriccar,aheatpump,oraplant-basedburger,you’resaying,“There’samarketforthisstuff.We’llbuyit.”Ifenoughpeoplesendthesame____24____,companieswillrespond—inmyexperience,quite____25____.They’llputmoremoneyandtimeintomakinglow-emissionsproducts,whichwill____26____thepricesofthoseproducts.Itwillmakeinvestorsmoreconfidentaboutfundingnewcompaniesthataremakingthe____27____.Withoutthatdemandsignal,theinnovationsthatgovernmentsandbusinessesinvestinwillstayonthe____28____.Ortheywon’tgetdevelopedinthefirstplace,becausethere’sno____29____incentive(刺激)tomakethem.Herearesomespecificstepsyoucantake:Reduceyourhome’semissions.Dependingonhowmuchmoneyandtimeyoucanspare,youcan____30____yourincandescentlightbulbs(白炽灯泡)withLEDs,insulate(使隔热)yourwindows,orreplaceyourheatingandcoolingsystemwithaheat____31____.Buyanelectricvehicle.AlthoughEVsarenotsuitableforlotsoflong-distanceroadtrips,and____32____athomeisn’tconvenientforeveryone,they’rebecomingmoreaffordable.Thisisoneoftheplaceswhereconsumerbehaviorcanhaveahugeimpact:Ifpeoplebuylotsofthem,companieswillmakelotsofthem.____33____aplant-basedburger.I’lladmitvegetarianburgershaven’talwaystasted____34____,butthenewgenerationofplant-basedproteinalternativesisclosertothetasteofmeatthanbefore.Buyingtheseproductssendsamessagethatmakingthemisawiseinvestment.____35____,eatingameatsubstitutejustonceortwiceaweekwillcutdownontheemissionsyou’reresponsiblefor.21.A.market B.consumption C.supply D.demand22.A.look B.take C.add D.live23.A.agreeable B.indifferent C.reluctant D.willing24.A.data B.signal C.word D.request25.A.quickly B.easily C.steadily D.neutrally26.A.pushup B.drivedown C.checkout D.settledown27.A.breakthroughs B.conclusions C.calculations D.consequences28.A.office B.field C.trade D.shelf29.A.possible B.alternative C.economic D.efficient30.A.purchase B.recycle C.abandon D.replace31.A.bin B.pump C.oven D.cooler32.A.transporting B.manufacturing C.maintaining D.charging33.A.Improve B.Search C.Try D.Prohibit34.A.great B.terrible C.strange D.original35.A.Inbrief B.Forexample C.Inaddition D.Bycomparison【答案】21.D22.C23.D24.B25.A26.B27.A28.D29.C30.D31.B32.D33.C34.A35.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。市场是由供需决定的，作为消费者，你可以对等式的需求端产生巨大的影响。文章主要解释了消费者的需求是如何影响市场生产的，以及一些减少碳排放的建议。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：市场是由供需决定的，作为消费者，你可以对等式的需求端产生巨大的影响。A.market市场；B.consumption消费；C.supply供应；D.demand要求。根据上文“Themarketisruledbysupplyanddemand”可知，消费者是市场的需求端，故选D。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们每个人都在购买和使用的东西上做出个人的改变，就会累积很多。A.look看；B.take带走；C.add增加；D.live居住。根据上文“Ifallofusmakeindividualchangesinwhatwebuyanduse”指每个人都在购买和使用的东西上做出个人的改变，就会累积很多。故选C。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你还可以向市场发出一个信号，即人们愿意为零碳替代品付费。A.agreeable愉悦的；B.indifferent冷淡的；C.reluctant不情愿的；D.willing愿意的。根据后文“topayforzero-carbonalternatives”指人们愿意为零碳替代品付费。故选D。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果有足够多的人发出同样的信号，公司就会做出反应——以我的经验来看，反应相当迅速。A.data数据；B.signal信号；C.word单词；D.request要求。呼应上文“Youcanalsosendasignal”指每个人发出同样的信号。故选B。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果有足够多的人发出同样的信号，公司就会做出反应——以我的经验来看，反应相当迅速。A.quickly快速地；B.easily容易地；C.steadily稳定地；D.neutrally中立地。根据后文“They’llputmoremoneyandtimeintomakinglow-emissionsproducts”指公司对人们的需求迅速做出反应。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们将投入更多的资金和时间生产低排放产品，这将压低这些产品的价格。A.pushup提高；B.drivedown压低；C.checkout检验；D.settledown定居。根据上文“They’llputmoremoneyandtimeintomakinglow-emissionsproducts”可知，投入更多的资金和时间生产低排放产品，即产出的产品增加，故压低了产品价格。故选B。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它会使投资者对融资新公司更有信心突破。A.breakthroughs突破；B.conclusions结论；C.calculations计算；D.consequences结果。根据上文“Itwillmakeinvestorsmoreconfidentaboutfundingnewcompaniesthataremakingthe”指有信心做出突破，makethebreakthroughs“做出突破”。故选A。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有这种需求信号，政府和企业投资的创新就会束之高阁。A.office办公室；B.field领域；C.trade交易；D.shelf架子。根据后文“Ortheywon’tgetdevelopedinthefirstplace”可知，没有这种需求信号，政府和企业投资的创新就会束之高阁。stayontheshelf表示“束之高阁”。故选D。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：或者它们一开始就不会被开发出来，因为没有经济动力去开发它们。A.possible可能的；B.alternative可替代的；C.economic经济的；D.efficient效率高的。结合上文可知，没有消费者的需求，公司就不会投入资金和时间来生产产品，故因为没有经济动力去开发它们。故选C。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据你所能节省的金钱和时间，你可以把白炽灯换成LED灯，把窗户隔热，或者把暖气和制冷系统换成热泵。A.purchase购买；B.recycle回收；C.abandon抛弃；D.replace取代。根据后文“yourincandescentlightbulbswithLEDs”指把白炽灯换成LED灯，故选D。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据你所能节省的金钱和时间，你可以把白炽灯换成LED灯，把窗户隔热，或者把暖气和制冷系统换成热泵。A.bin垃圾桶；B.pump泵；C.oven烤箱；D.cooler冷却器。根据上文“orreplaceyourheatingandcoolingsystemwithaheat”可知，指把暖气和制冷系统换成热泵。故选B。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管电动汽车不适合大量的长途公路旅行，在家充电也不是每个人都方便，但它们正变得越来越便宜。A.transporting运输；B.manufacturing制造；C.maintaining维持；D.charging充电。根据上文“Buyanelectricvehicle.”可知这里指给电动汽车充电的情况，故选D。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尝试植物做的汉堡。A.Improve改善；B.Search搜索；C.Try尝试；D.Prohibit禁止。根据后文“butthenewgenerationofplant-basedproteinalternativesisclosertothetasteofmeatthanbefore(但新一代的植物蛋白替代品比以前更接近肉类的味道)”可知在建议尝试植物做的汉堡。故选C。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我承认素食汉堡的味道并不总是很好，但新一代的植物蛋白替代品比以前更接近肉类的味道。A.great好的；B.terrible糟糕的；C.strange奇怪的；D.original起初的。后文but表示转折，说明之前素食汉堡的味道并不总是很好，故选A。【35题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：此外，每周吃一两次肉类替代品将减少你所负责的排放。A.Inbrief简言之；B.Forexample例如；C.Inaddition此外；D.Bycomparison相比之下。后文是对上文的补充说明，故用inaddition。故选C。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)In1823,ayoungwomannoticedastrangefossilonabeachnearLymeRegis,England.Shedugoutthebonesandhadthemcarriedtoherhome.Shecarefullyarrangedtheskeletononatable.Thenshesawsomethingextraordinary.Thecreature’sneckwasameterlong—morethanhalfthelengthofitsbody.ItwasunlikeanyanimallivingonEarth.Evenatayoungage,MaryAnninghadatalentforspottingunusualorcuriousfossils.Herfatherdiedin1810,leavingherfamilyindebt,soMarybegansellingherfossilstocollectors.Ayearlater,agedjust12,shemadeherfirstmajordiscovery—acrocodile-likeskullwithalongskeleton.Itturnedouttobeaseacreaturethatlivedlongago.Namedichthyosaur,or“fish-lizard”,itwasthefirstextinctanimalknowntoscience.Fossilhuntingbroughtinmoney,butitwasadangerousoccupation.Oneday,arockfallkilledherdogandalmostburiedMary.Despitethedangers,shecontinuedtolookfornewfinds.Thelong-neckedfossilsheuncoveredin1823wasanotherlong-deadseareptile(爬行动物).Knownasaplesiosaur,itwouldinspirelegends—includingthatoftheLochNessMonster.Fiveyearslater,shefoundafossilwithwingbonesandalongtail.Itwasoneofthefirstexamplesofapterosaur—aflyingcreaturethatdisappearedmillionsofyearsago.Marywasnotonlyaskilledfossilhunter;shealsocarefullyexaminedandrecordedherfinds.However,shereceivedlittlecreditfromotherscientists.Onlyoneofherscientificwritingswaspublishedinherlifetime,in1839.ShewasalsonotallowedtojoinLondon’sGeologicalSociety,asonlymencouldbecomemembers.MaryAnningdiedin1847,buthercontributionshavenotbeenforgotten.HerfindsarenowdisplayedinmuseumsinLondonandParis.ThebeachnearherhomeisaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite,knownastheJurassicCoast.Herlifecontinuestoinspirevisitorshopingtofindtheirownfossilwonders.AccordingtoBritain’sNaturalHistoryMuseum,MaryAnningwas“thegreatestfossilhuntertheworldhaseverknown”.ShewasalsoascientistwhochangedthewaywethinkaboutlifeonEarth.36.WhydidMaryAnningstartsellingfossils?A.Toestablishhernameasascientist. B.Toraisepublicinterestinherarticles.C.Togainmoneytostartamuseum. D.Toearnmoneytosupportherfamily.37.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMaryAnning?A.Shepublishedseveralscientificarticlesinherlifetime.B.Shewasnearlykilledbyarockfallnearthebeach.C.ShewasamemberoftheLondonGeologicalSociety.D.Thebeachnearherhomeisnamedafterher.38.Whatistrueaboutthepterosaurfind?A.ItlookedsimilartotheLochNessMonster.B.Itwasthefirstdiscoveryofanextinctanimal.C.Itshowedthatsomeextinctcreatureshadwings.D.ItdemonstratedthatMaryAnningwasanexpertinfossilfinds.39.Whatwouldbethepropertitleforthepassage?A.Long-NeckedCreaturesfromthePast B.TheWorld’sGreatestFossilHunterC.TheDiscoveryoftheFirstPterosaur D.TreasureofFossils【答案】36.D37.B38.C39.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一位寻找化石的专家MaryAnning的生平事迹。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Herfatherdiedin1810,leavingherfamilyindebt,soMarybegansellingherfossilstocollectors.(她的父亲在1810年去世，让她的家庭负债累累，所以Mary开始把她的化石卖给收藏家。)”可知，Mary之所以要开始卖化石是因为家中负债累累，她得卖化石养家。故选D。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Oneday,arockfallkilledherdogandalmostburiedMary.(一天，落石砸死了她的狗，差点把Mary埋了。)”可知，Mary差点被落石砸中活埋。故选B。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Fiveyearslater,shefoundafossilwithwingbonesandalongtail.Itwasoneofthefirstexamplesofapterosaur—aflyingcreaturethatdisappearedmillionsofyearsago.(五年后，她发现了一块有翼骨和长尾巴的化石。这是翼龙的首批样本之一，翼龙是一种数百万年前消失的飞行生物。)”可知，翼龙化石的发现表明了一些已经灭绝的生物是有翅膀的。故选C。【39题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“AccordingtoBritain’sNaturalHistoryMuseum,MaryAnningwas“thegreatestfossilhuntertheworldhaseverknown”.ShewasalsoascientistwhochangedthewaywethinkaboutlifeonEarth.(英国自然历史博物馆称，MaryAnning是“世界上最伟大的化石猎人”。她还是一位科学家，她改变了我们对地球生命的看法。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了一位寻找化石的专家MaryAnning的生平事迹。所以“TheWorld’sGreatestFossilHunter(世界上最伟大的化石猎人)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。(B)Friendship,likeanyotherrelationship,needstobenurtured.Todevelopagoodfriendship,youneedtobecommitted,andawordofgratitudegoesalongwaytowardsealingbonds.Thankyourfriendsforbeingthereforyouorhelpingyourediscoveryourself.On

FriendshipDay,reachouttoyourfriendsineverycorneroftheworld.Usethesethank-youquotesforfriendsincardsandmessages.JohnLeonard“Ittakesalongtimetogrowanoldfriend.”HenryDavidThoreau“Thelanguageoffriendshipisnotwords,butmeanings.”RichardBach“Everygiftfromafriendisawishforyourhappiness."Euripides“Friendsshowtheirloveintimesoftrouble,notinhappiness.”LuciusAnnaeusSeneca“Oneofthemostbeautifulqualitiesoftruefriendshipistounderstandandtobeunderstood.”OprahWinfrey“Lotsofpeoplewanttoridewithyouinthelimo,butwhatyouwantissomeonewhowilltakethebuswithyouwhenthelimobreaksdown.”RalphWaldoEmerson“Thegloryoffriendshipisnottheoutstretchedhand,northekindlysmile,northejoyofcompanionship;itisthespiritualinspirationthatcomestoonewhenhediscoversthatsomeoneelsebelievesinhimandiswillingtotrusthim.”BaltasarGracián“Truefriendshipmultipliesthegoodinlifeanddividesitsevils.Strivetohavefriends,forlifewithoutfriendsislikelifeonadesertisland...Tofindonerealfriendinalifetimeisgoodfortune;tokeephimisablessing.”AlbertSchweitzer“Ineveryone’slife,atsometime,ourinnerfiregoesout.Itisthenburstintoflamebyanencounterwithanotherperson.Weshouldallbethankfulforthosepeoplewhorekindle(重新点燃)theinnerspirit.”40.Expressingyourgratitudetoyourfriendsmayhelp________.A.rediscoveryourself B.commityourselftosomethingnewC.promotefriendship D.displayyoursincerity41.WhichpersonsharesthesameideawithOprahWinfreyintermsoffriendship?A.JohnLeonard. B.Euripides.C.RalphWaldoEmerson. D.AlbertSchweitzer.42.________compareslifewithoutfriendstooneonalonelyisland.A.RichardBach B.RalphWaldoEmersonC.BaltasarGracián D.AlbertSchweitzer【答案】40.C41.B42.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些给朋友表达感谢的名人名言。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Todevelopagoodfriendship,youneedtobecommitted,andawordofgratitudegoesalongwaytowardsealingbonds.(要发展一段良好的友谊，你需要有承诺，一句感谢的话对巩固友谊大有帮助)”可知，向朋友表达你的感激之情可能有助于增进友谊。故选C。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据Euripides部分中“Friendsshowtheirloveintimesoftrouble,notinhappiness.(朋友是在困难时候，而不是在幸福的时候才表达他们的爱)”以及OprahWinfrey部分中“Lotsofpeoplewanttoridewithyouinthelimo,butwhatyouwantissomeonewhowilltakethebuswithyouwhenthelimobreaksdown.(很多人都想和你一起坐豪华轿车，但你想要的是，当你的豪华轿车坏了的时候，有人会和你一起坐公共汽车)”可知，在友谊方面，Euripides和OprahWinfrey有相同的想法。故选B。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Strivetohavefriends,forlifewithoutfriendsislikelifeonadesertisland...(努力拥有朋友，因为没有朋友的生活就像生活在荒岛上……)”可知，BaltasarGracián把没有朋友的生活比作孤岛上的生活。故选C。(C)Ifyouareaparentofyoungchildrenwhobrowsesparentingwebsites,youwillatsomepointbeinvited,throughtargetedadvertising,toenrolyourchildinaGlobalMathsSkillAssessment—“toseehowtheycomparetopeersglobally”.Youmaybeurgedtoconsiderthepossibility—no,probability—thattheyare“gifted”insomeway,ifnotinmaths,theninmusicorart.It’swindow-dressing(门面粉饰)forsubscription(订阅)services,buttheotherday,alinecaughtmyeyethatIhaven’tbeenabletoforget.“Talentisn’teverything;theimportantthingistoteachyourchildtobekind.”Thispositioningof“kindness”astheoppositeof“talent”iscommononceyoustartlookingforit.Kindnessis,everywhere:theconsolation(安慰)prize,theawardforperfectattendance.Afewyearsago,noneofthiswouldhavestruckmeasnoteworthy.Ibelievedatendencytowardskindnesswasn’tsomethingwewerebornwith,butinsteadsomethingentirelyreliantoncultivation.ThesedaysIwonderaboutthat,andaboutourdeterminationtoseeitthatway.Itbringsustotheproblemofkindness;notonlythefactthat,inplentyofsettings,itcanbeacodeforweaknessorneediness,butthefactthattheworditselfhasbeenemptiedoutthroughmisuse.Realkindnessisnotthis.Kindness,Itrytotellmychildren,isstrength.Mychildwhoisalwayskindtoothersisfrequentlyconfusedbytheunfriendlinessofothers,atwhichpointIhavetobitemytongue.“Jessicawasrudetoyoubecauseshe’ssilly”isnotwhatI’mgoingtoteachmyseven-year-old.Canyouteachsomeonetobekind?Ofcourse,butalsoonlysortof,notentirely.Youcandisciplinethemwithreasonandrewardsinthesamewayyoucansendthemtopianoeveryweekandeventuallythey’lllearntoplayTwinkleTwinkle.Thefactremainsthatsomepeoplearekinderthanothersnotasaresultofexternalforcesbutfromsomeinbornability.TheancientGreekstorytellerAesopsaid,“Noactofkindness,nomatterhowsmall,iseverwasted.”Twothousandyearslater,itremainsahardsell.43.Parentingwebsitesoftenmakeuseofvariousassessmentsofchildren’stalentto________.Aincreasetheclick-through

rate B.promotetheirtargetedtrainingC.remindparentsoftheirchildren’stalent D.haveparentssubscribetheirservices44.Inthesecondparagraph,thewritermentions“theconsolationprize”toshow________.A.kindnessisviewedastheoppositeoftalentB.consolationprizeisakindgesturethatshouldbepromotedC.kinddeedsarenoeasytofindD.kindnessdeservestobenoticed

inthecontemporarysociety45.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“bitemytongue”inParagraph3mean?A.Saynothing. B.Letoutmyanger.C.Harmoneselfaccidentally. D.Explainsomethinginpain.46.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthewritermostprobablyagreewith?A.Everychildistalented,eitherinmaths,music,artorkindness.B.Kindnessisyourstrengthtotalkbackwhenoffended.C.Kindnessisnotsomethingthatcanbeeasilytaught.D.Teachingcanbringaboutchildren’stendencytowardskindness.【答案】43.D44.A45.A46.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了作者认为善良并不是能够被轻易教会的品质。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Ifyouareaparentofyoungchildrenwhobrowsesparentingwebsites,youwillatsomepointbeinvited,throughtargetedadvertising,toenrolyourchildinaGlobalMathsSkillAssessment—“toseehowtheycomparetopeersglobally”.Youmaybeurgedtoconsiderthepossibility—no,probability—thattheyare“gifted”insomeway,ifnotinmaths,theninmusicorart.It’swindow-dressing(门面粉饰)forsubscription(订阅)services(如果你是一名浏览育儿网站的孩子的父母，在某个时候，你会通过定向广告，被邀请让你的孩子参加全球数学技能评估——“看看他们与全球同龄人的比较情况”。你可能会被敦促考虑一种可能性——不，是概率——他们在某些方面有“天赋”，如果不是在数学方面，那就是在音乐或艺术方面。这只是订阅服务的门面粉饰。)”可知，这些育儿网站通过对孩子天赋的测评，目的是为了让家长订阅网站的服务。故选D。【44题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句“Thispositioningof“kindness”astheoppositeof“talent”iscommononceyoustartlookingforit.(一旦你开始寻找善良的对立面，你就会发现善良被定义为天赋的对立面。)”以及上文“Kindnessis,everywhere(善良无处不在)”可推断，作者之所以提到“theconsolationprize(安慰奖)”是为了告诉我们，善良被视作是天赋的对立面。故选A。【45题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词组下文““Jessicawasrudetoyoubecauseshe’ssilly”isnotwhatI’mgoingtoteachmyseven-year-old.(“Jessica对你粗鲁是因为她傻”不是我要教我七岁的孩子的。)”可知，作者此时不得不保持沉默。所以bitemytongue为“保持沉默”之意。故选A。【46题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Canyouteachsomeonetobekind?Ofcourse,butalsoonlysortof,notentirely.(你能教一个人变得善良吗?当然，但也只是部分，不是全部。)”以及“Thefactremainsthatsomepeoplearekinderthanothersnotasaresultofexternalforcesbutfromsomeinbornability.(事实仍然是，有些人比其他人更善良，不是由于外界的力量，而是由于某些与生俱来的能力。)”可推断，作者认为善良并不是可以轻易教会的品质。故选C。SectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesinthebox.Eachsentencecanonlybeusedonce.Notethattherearetwosentencesmorethanyouneed.Thenightskyhasbeenanendlesssourceoffascinationsincethestartofhumanhistory.Forexample,themysteriouslarge-eyed,bronzestatuesoftheancientShuKingdom,discoveredattheChinesearcheologicalsiteatSanxingdui,werebelievedtohavebeenabletolookacrossgreatdistancesintothestars.Inreality,humanscanseeverylittleofthenightskywiththenakedeye.And,foralongwhile,peoplewereunabletounderstandwhattheycouldsee.____47____Ourpowertoinvestigateandthusunderstandspacechangeddramaticallywhenthefirsttelescope(望远镜)wasangledatthenightsky,increasingasitdidthepowerofthehumaneyeandenablingustounderstandthattheuniverseisfarlargerthanwaspreviouslyimaginable.Theplanetswereseentobeworldssimilartoourown,manyofthemevenhavingtheirownmoons.____48____Some300yearslater,welearntthattheMilkyWayitselfwasjustonegalaxyamongbillionsofothers,spreadacrosstheblacknessofspacelike