2024秋高中英语Unit14CareersSectionⅢGrammar学案含解析北师大版必修5

PAGEUnit14CareersSectionⅢGrammar单元语法项目(一)——间接引语(Ⅰ)转述他人的吩咐或要求[语法图解][视察]①“Couldyoulendmeapen？”→Peteraskedmetolendhimapen.②“Don'tlosethereceipt.It'simportant.”→Thesalesgirlinstructedtheshoppernottolosethereceipt.③“Checkforerrors,please.”→Theteacherorderedtheclasstocheckforerrors.④“Whydon'tyoutakemeforapicnic？”heasked.→Headvisedmetotakehimforapicnic.⑤Hesaid,“Let'sgotothemovies.”→Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotothemovies.⑥“Wouldyouliketoseemyflat？”sheasked.→Sheaskedmewhether/ifIwouldliketoseeherflat.→Sheaskedmetoseeherflat.[发觉](1)干脆引语为祈使句，变间接引语时把祈使句转换成不定式作宾语补足语，动词用order/ask/instruct/suggest等。如句②、句③、句⑤。(2)干脆引语为委婉祈使句，变间接引语时把委婉祈使句转换成不定式，动词用ask/advise等，如句①、句④。(3)干脆引语为以Let's...开头的祈使句，变间接引语时，常用“suggestthat...”句式转换。如句⑤。(4)表示恳求的一般疑问句(如句⑥)变为间接引语有两种方式：将干脆引语的内容变为由if或whether引导的宾语从句或用ask_sb._to_do_sth.结构。一、干脆引语与间接引语的含义引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：(1)放在引号内，不用连词连接，干脆引述别人的原话称为干脆引语(directspeech)。(2)不用引号，通常用连词连接主句，用自己的话转述别人的话，称为间接引语(indirectspeech)，常常用宾语从句来表达。MrBlacksaid,“I'mbusy.”布莱克先生说：“我很忙。”(干脆引语)MrBlacksaidthathewasbusy.布莱克先生说他很忙。(宾语从句是间接引语)[即学即用1]将干脆引语变为间接引语(1)“Keepquiet,children，”hesaid.→Heold_the_children_to_keepquiet.(2)“Don'ttellthenewstohim，”shesaidtome.→Sheadvisedmenot_to_tellthenewstohim.→SheadvisedthatIshould_not_tellthenewstohim.二、祈使句的干脆引语与间接引语的变换当干脆引语为祈使句时，变为间接引语时主句中的谓语动词往往依据干脆引语中的语气变换成“引述动词＋(not)todo”结构：(1)干脆引语：主语＋动词＋“祈使句”。(2)间接引语：主语＋引述动词＋sb.(not)todo。“Bringmeacupoftea,please，”shesaidtohim.“请给我一杯茶。”她对他说。→Sheaskedhimtobringheracupoftea.她要求他给她带一杯茶来。“Don'tmakeanynoise，”shesaidtothechildren.“不要发出任何噪音，”她对孩子们说。→Shetold(ordered)thechildrennottomakeanynoise.她告知孩子们不要发出任何噪音。[联想归纳](1)表示建议、恳求语气用ask/advisesb.(not)todo。(2)表示支配、叮嘱语气用tellsb.(not)todo。(3)表示吩咐、指示语气用ordersb.(not)todo。(4)表示提示、警告语气用remind/warnsb.(not)todo。[即学即用2]单句语法填空(1)Johnwasveryangryaboutitandtoldmenoto_do(do)thatagain.(2)WehaveaskedTomo_come(come)fordinneronFridayevening.(3)Smokingcandogreatharmtohealth,sotheheadteacherclearlytoldtheboystudentsnoto_smoke(smoke)anymore.(4)Theteacheraskeduso_finish(finish)ourhomework.单元语法项目(二)——间接引语(Ⅱ)转述他人所说的话[语法图解][视察]①KatetoldHenry,“Iwillcomeheretowatchtheseprogramstomorrow.”→KatetoldHenrythatshewouldgotheretowatchthoseprogramsthenextday.②MrsLiaskedChenFei,“AreyouinterestedinEnglish？”→MrsLiaskedChenFeiif/whetherhewasinterestedinEnglish.③Lindaasked,“Youlikethefood,don'tyou？”→Lindaasked(me)if/whetherIlikedthefood.④Tomasked,“Wherearemysportsshoes,Mom？”→Tomaskedhismomwherehissportsshoeswere.⑤Heasked,“Whereareyoutogetoff,John？”→HeaskedJohnwherehewastogetoff.⑥Hesaid,“Doyouliketoeatapplesororanges？”→Heasked(me)whetherIlikedtoeatapplesororanges.[发觉]干脆引语变为间接引语时要留意：(1)语序的变更，如例句②③④⑤⑥；(2)人称的变更，如例句①②③④⑤⑥；(3)时态的变更，如例句①②③④⑤⑥；(4)提示代词、时间状语、地点状语及动词的变更，如例句①。一、语序变更当我们用自己的语言转述别人的话语时，称为间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句，用陈述句语序。而主句部分则依据语境的须要选择适当的转述动词。(1)干脆引语为疑问句，变为间接引语时，原来的疑问句语序，即倒装语序要变为陈述语序。(2)干脆引语变为间接引语，其句子结构一般要发生变更。干脆引语间接引语陈述句that引导的宾语从句一般疑问句if/whether引导的宾语从句特别疑问句由原疑问词引导的宾语从句祈使句在引述动词后作补足语Hesaidtome,“I'veleftmybookinyourroom.”→Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.他告知我，他把书落在我的房间里了。Shesaid,“Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspapers？”→Sheaskedmeif/whetherIoftenwenttheretoreadnewspapers.她问我是否常常去那里看报纸。“Wheredoyoulive？”heaskedme.→HeaskedmewhereIlived.他问我住在哪里。Hisfathersaidtohim,“Leavethedooropen.”→Hisfathertoldhimtoleavethedooropen.他爸爸告知他开着门。Hesaidtoher,“Don'tforgettoposttheletter.”→Hetoldhernottoforgettoposttheletter.他告知她不要遗忘寄信。[即学即用1]将干脆引语变为间接引语(1)“Haveyouseenthefilm？”heaskedme.→Heaskedmeif/whether_I_had_seen_the_film.(2)Iaskedhim,“WhendidyoubegintolearnEnglish？”→Iaskedhimwhenhebegan_to_learn_English.(3)“Keepquiet,children.”hesaid.→Hetoldthechildreno_keep_quiet.(4)Theteachersaidtous,“Pleasesitdown.”→Theteacheraskeduso_sit_down.二、时态的变更(1)引述动词若为现在时态，干脆引语变为间接引语，时态一般不发生变更。但引述动词假如用过去时态，干脆引语变为间接引语时要变成各种相应的过去时态。通常是相应地向前推一个，一般变更如下：干脆引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时“Inevergetupbefore8amonSundays，”saidhe.→Hesaidthathenevergotupbefore8amonSundays.他说他星期天上午8点之前从不起床。Lisasaid,“Mybrotherisdoinghishomework.”→Lisasaidthatherbrotherwasdoinghishomework.莉萨对我说她弟弟正在做作业。Themothersaidtoherson,“Didyoucleanyourbedroomyesterday？”→Themotheraskedhersonifhehadcleanedhisbedroomthedaybefore.妈妈问儿子前一天有没有打扫他的卧房。Tomsaid，“IhavenotheardfromJimsinceFebruary.”→TomsaidthathehadnotheardfromJimsinceFebruary.汤姆说自从二月份以来他就没收到过吉姆的信。Hesaid,“Iwillwaitforyouatthesameplacetomorrow.”→Hesaidthathewouldwaitformeatthesameplacethenextday.他说他其次天会在同一个地方等我。Bobtoldme,“IhadlivedhereforyearsbeforeImovedout.”→Bobtoldmethathehadlivedthereforyearsbeforehemovedout.鲍勃告知我，他在那儿住了多年才搬走。(2)干脆引语假如是客观真理或事实，变为间接引语时，时态不变。Ourteachersaid,“Themoonmovesaroundtheearth.”→Ourteachersaidthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.我们老师说月球围着地球转。[即学即用2]将干脆引语变为间接引语(1)Hesaid,“Ihaveseenthefilm.”→Hesaidthathehad_seen_the_film.(2)Theteacheraskedhim,“Canyoufinishthisjobtoday？”→Theteacheraskedhimifhecould_finish_that_jobthatday.(3)Myfathersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.”→Myfathersaidthathe_sun_is_bigger_than_the_moon.三、人称的变更干脆引语中的人称代词在转化为间接引语时也要有相应的变更。一般遵循“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”的原则。原则说明一随主干脆引语中出现的第一人称代词要依据引述动词的主语的人称变更。二随宾干脆引语中出现的其次人称代词要按引述动词的宾语的人称变更，若引述动词后没有宾语，也可用第一人称。第三人称不更新干脆引语中出现的第三人称代词一般不须要变更。Shesaid,“Mybrotherwantstogowithme.”→Shesaidthatherbrotherwantedtogowithher.她说她弟弟想跟她一起去。Hesaidtome,“Areyoucomingtomorrow？”→HeaskedmeifIwascomingthenextday.他问我其次天是否要来。Thelibrariansaid,“Youmayhavethisbookforoneweek.”→ThelibrariansaidthatImighthavethatbookforoneweek.图书馆管理员说那本书我可以借一个星期。MrSmithsaid,“Jackisagoodworkmate.”→MrSmithsaidthatJackwasagoodworkmate.史密斯先生说杰克是个不错的同事。Hesaid,“Marywashereoneweekago.”→HesaidthatMaryhadbeenthereoneweekbefore.他说玛丽一周前在那里待过。[即学即用3]将干脆引语变为间接引语(1)“Iamateacher，”Jacksaid.→Jacksaidthathe_was_a_teacher.(2)ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme？”→SheaskedTomifhe_could_help_her.(3)Shesaid,“IreadthebookwhileIwaswaitingforabus.”→Shesaidshehadreadthebookwhileshe_was_waiting_for_the_bus.四、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、方向性动词的变更(1)干脆引语变为间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、方向性动词会发生相应的变更。常见状况如下表所示：干脆引语间接引语thisthatthesethosetodaythatdaythismorning/afternoonevening,etc.thatmorning/afternoon/evening,etc.yesterdaythedaybefore/thepreviousdaythedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbeforetomorrowthenextday/thefollowingdaythedayaftertomorrowintwodays'time/twodayslaternextweek/month/year,ect.thenextweek/month/year，etc.;thefollowingweek/month/year,etc.lastweek/month/year,etc.theweek/month/yearbefore,etc.；thepreviousweek/month/year,etc.twoweeks/months/yearsagotwoweeks/months/yearsbeforenowthenheretherecomegobringtake(2)假如在当地转述，here不必改为there，动词come不必改为go；假如在当天转述，yesterday，tomorrow等时间状语也不必变更。Kevinsaidtome,“Thesephotosweretakentenyearsago.”→Kevintoldmethatthosephotoshadbeentakentenyearsbefore.凯文告知我说那些照片是10年前拍的。Hesaid,“Ididn'tcomehereyesterday.”→Hesaidthathehadn'tgonetherethedaybefore.他说他前一天没有去那里。[即学即用4]将干脆引语变为间接引语(1)“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays？”heasked.→HeaskedmewhereI_had_been_those_days.(2)Petersaid,“Ihaven'tseenhertoday.”→Petersaidthathe_hadn't_seen_her_that_day.(3)Thewitnesssaid,“Thishappenedyesterday.”→Thewitnesssaidthathat_had_happened_the_day_before.(4)Thewomansaid,“Iarrivedtwodaysago.”→Thewomansaidthatshe_had_arrived_two_days_before.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．ItoldBobo_turn(turn)offtheTVsinceitwastoolate.2．Myparentsaskedmeo_get(get)homeearlierthedaybefore.3．“Wouldyoupleasenotgo(go)there？”heasked.4．Shewantedhimo_sing(sing)forherfriends.5．Thepolicemantoldtheboysnoto_play(play)inthestreet.6．Theteacheraskedhimif/whetherhecouldfinishthatjobthatday.7．OurheadteachersawtheemptyseatnexttomeandaskedwhereJeffhadgone.8．Theboyaskedmewhetherhecouldusemy(I)bikeforamoment.9．LiFangold(tell)methatWangHuawaswaitingformeoutsideoftheschoolgate.10．Theteachertoldusthatlightravels(travel)muchfasterthansoundandthiswaswhyyousawthelightingfirstandthenheardthethunder.Ⅱ.将下列句子改为间接引语1．“Wherewillyougotomorrow？”Motheraskedme.→MotheraskedmewhereIwould_go_the_next_day.2．Theoldwomansaidtome,“Pleaselockthedoorforme.”→Theoldwomanasked_me_to_lockthedoorforher.3．Theboytoldhisteacher,“Wewenttoanexhibitionyesterday.”→Theboytoldhisteacherthattheyhad_gon