2024秋高中英语Unit15LearningSectionⅣLesson4学案含解析北师大版必修5

PAGEUnit15LearningSectionⅣLesson4Ⅰ.重点单词1．acquirevt.获得，得到2．hinkingn.思索，考虑3．rankn.职衔4．worthyadj.值得的5．approvev.赞成；认可；同意6．urgevt.力劝，剧烈要求7．inspirev.启发；鼓舞8．conventionaladj.传统的，保守的9．civilisationn.文明10．vitaladj.极其重要的11．imagen.景象，形象；比方12．unwillingadj.不情愿的13．shadown.阴影；影子14．religionn.宗教→religiousadj.宗教的15．defencen.保卫，爱护→defendv.保卫，爱护16．ignorevt.忽视，不顾→ignorancen.忽视17．assumptionn.假定，假设→assumevt.假定，假设18．beneficialadj.有用的，有益的→benefitn.好处，好处v.对……有益Ⅱ.核心短语1．o_start_with首先2．be/get_accustomed_to习惯于……3．go_against违反4．come_to_one's_defence为某人辩护5．end_to往往会，倾向于6．make_assumptions_about对……作出假设7．(be)basedon以……为基础8．putforward提出9．approveof赞成，赞许10．inotherwords换句话说11．bevitalto对……重要12．bebeneficialto对……有益Ⅲ.经典句式1．with复合结构在句中作状语Atthattime,peoplebelievedmoreinreligionthaninfactsandpeoplelikeGalileoGalilei(1564—1642),whoprovedscientificideassuchas“theEarthisnotthecentreoftheuniverse”，wereoftenpunishedbythechurchwithnoonecomingtotheirdefence.在当时，人们更多地信任宗教，而不是事实。像伽利略·伽利莱(1564—1642)这样证明白诸如“地球不是宇宙的中心”等科学观点的人常常被教会惩处，而没有人来为他们辩护。2．what引导的名词性从句作challenge的宾语。Thechurchandmanypeopletendedtoignorethefactsandwereunwillingtochallengewhat_they_had_always_comfortably_believed.教会和很多人往往会忽视事实，他们不愿向自己始终信任的事实发出挑战。3．“Itis＋adj.＋that从句”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。It_is_not_surprising_thatpeoplewantedtobelievetheseancientviewsastheyhadbeenputforwardbythegreatphilosopherAristotle(384—322BC)．人们情愿信任这些古老的见解，这毫不惊奇，因为那是宏大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384—公元前322)提出来的。1.v.＋ption＝n.①assumption假定；臆断②presumption假设③consumption消费量④description描写⑤subscription订阅2．be＋pp＋to①beaccustomedto习惯于②berelatedto和……有联系③beaddictedto沉溺于……④beopposedto反对⑤bedevotedto献身于课文预读“Whoquestionsmuch,shalllearnmuch,andremembermuch.”—FrancisBacon(1561—1626)Itseemsobviousnowhowweacquire①knowledgeandunderstanding.Tostartwith②，youneedquestions.Then,tofindanswers,youobserve③theworldaroundyouandstudythefacts.Afterthatyouconsiderpossibleanswersandtesteachtofindtherightones.Althoughtodaywearemoreaccustomedto④typingafewkeywordsintoasearchengineandwaitingfortheInternettospittheanswerout⑤forus,modernscientistsandthinkersarestillsolvingtheworld'sproblemswiththistypeofanalysis—luckilyforus.However,inthe17thcenturywhenFrancisBaconsuggestedthatthistypeofthinking⑥wasthewaytogainknowledge,hewasgoingagainst⑦theviewsoftheday.Baconheldanimportantrank⑧underKingJames(1566—1625)ofEnglandbuthistrueinterestwasnotthedaytodaybureaucratic⑨detailsofthegovernment,buttheworthy⑩searchforknowledge.Thiswascertainlynottheinterestofmostpeopleinhisday.Atthattime,peoplebelievedmoreinreligion⑪thaninfactsandpeoplelikeGalileoGalilei(1564—1642),whoprovedscientificideassuchas“theEarthisnotthecentreoftheuniverse”，wereoftenpunishedbythechurchwithnoonecomingtotheirdefence⑫.Thechurchandmanypeopletendedto⑬ignore⑭thefactsandwereunwilling⑮tochallengewhattheyhadalwayscomfortablybelieved.Theypreferredtomakeassumptions⑯abouttheworldbasedon⑰theexperienceofothers.Infact,whenGalileiprovedthattheEarthwasnotthecentreoftheuniverse,insteadofbelievinghim,peoplechosetobelieveviewsthatwerealmost2000yearsold！①acquire/ə'kwaIə/vt.获得，得到※句中It作形式主语，how引导的从句为真正的主语。②tostartwith(＝tobeginwith)首先，第一③observe/əb'zɜːv/v.视察；遵守(规则，法律等)④beaccustomedto习惯于(to为介词)⑤spitsth.out把……吐出※Although引导让步状语从句。⑥thinking/'θIŋkIŋ/n.思索，考虑※when引导定语从句，修饰the17thcentury，that引导的从句作suggested的宾语。⑦goagainst违反(某人的希望、信念、期望等)；对(某人)不利beagainst反对befor赞成⑧rank/ræŋk/n.职衔⑨bureaucratic/ˌbjʊərə'krætIk/adj.官僚的⑩worthy/'wɜːði/adj.值得的beworthyeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(ofbeingdone值得被做,tobedone值得被做))⑪religion/rI'lIdʒən/n.宗教⑫defence/dI'fens/n.保卫，爱护indefenceof保卫……⑬tendto往往会，倾向于⑭ignore/Iɡ'nɔː/vt.忽视，不顾⑮unwilling/ʌn'wIlIŋ/adj.不情愿的※这是一个复合句，其次个and连接的是并列谓语，what引导的从句作challenge的宾语。⑯assumption/ə'sʌmpʃən/n.假定，假设⑰(be)basedon以……为基础※when引导时间状语从句。[第1～2段译文]“擅长提问的人学到的更多，并且记住的更多。”——弗兰西斯·培根(1561—1626)我们如何获得学问及如何理解现在好像自不待言。首先，你须要提出问题。然后，为了找到答案，你视察自己四周的世界并探讨事实。之后，你考虑可能的答案，并且一一加以测试来找出正确的答案。尽管我们现在更习惯于在搜寻引擎里敲进几个关键词，等待互联网为我们吐出答案，然而对我们来说幸运的是，当代的科学家和思想家还是用这种分析的方法来解决世界上的问题。然而，在17世纪，当弗兰西斯·培根提出这种思索方式是获得学问的途径时，他背离了当时的观念。在英国詹姆士国王(1566—1625)统治时期，培根是一位身居要职的官员，但是他真正的爱好不是政府每日的繁文缛节，而是对学问的崇高追求。这当然不是他那个时代大多数人的爱好。那时，人们更多地信任宗教，而不是事实。像伽利略·伽利莱(1564—1642)这样证明白例如“地球不是宇宙的中心”等科学观点的人常常被教会惩处而无人为他们辩护。教会和很多人往往会忽视事实，不情愿去挑战他们始终深信不疑的东西。他们宁愿以其他人的阅历为依据对世界做出假设。事实上，当伽利莱证明地球不是宇宙的中心时，人们不信任他的话，而宁愿去信任存在了将近两千年的观点！⑱putforward提出※句中It作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句；as引导缘由状语从句。⑲feelv.觉得，感到feellikedoing...想做某事⑳approveof赞成，赞许approve/ə'pruːv/v.赞成；认可；同意[第3～4段译文]人们情愿信任这些古老的观点并不惊奇，因为这些观点是宏大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384—公元前322)提出来的。他说地球肯定是宇宙的中心，因为从感觉上讲地球是静止不动的。伽利莱不同意这种说法。起初，人们赞同他的探讨并敦促他接着进行，但是后来当他证明亚里士多德错了的时候，他们就生气了，把他关进了监狱。他们不情愿挑战他们始终认为正确的东西。这也表明人们是多么不情愿去探究自己对事物的理解或教化自己。在今日，这仍旧是事实。人们认为，假如某个重要的和受敬重的人说某事是正确的，那它肯定是正确的。但尽管亚里士多德是一位伟人，他激励了很多杰出的科学家和哲学家，但他有时也会出错。伽利莱也犯过错误。虽然他现在以“天文学之父”而著名，但是他认为地球围绕太阳转动的轨迹是一个精确的圆圈。他是错误的。因此，我们对四周世界的理解是不断发展和改变的。换句话说，我们每天都在学习更多东西，谁也不能闲情逸致地说：“我们什么都知道。”[第5段译文]我们要感谢历史上伟人的才智，它让我们懂得，我们不是什么都懂，或许恒久不会什么都懂，假如我们什么都懂，那将意味着世界上没有问题了。因此，我们今日拥有这么多的学问和对世界的理解，是因为有培根和伽利莱这样的人。为了发觉建立今日文明的学问王国，他们英勇地从传统思想的阴影中走出来。这些人懂得学问和理解是要奋斗的东西；有人或许会说，相较于世界上全部的金钱，对一个人来说，它们更重要；对人类来说，更有益。“全部的真理一旦被发觉都很简单被人理解，问题是要有人去发觉真理。”——伽利略·伽利莱(1564—1642)课文理解TaskOne：FastReadingMatchtheparagraphswiththeirmainideas.Para.1A．Peoplebelievedinwhatsomeoneimportantandrespectedsaid.Para.2B．Peopletrytosolvetheworld'sproblemswithanalysis.Para.3&4C．Peoplethankedthegreatmenwhostudiedinascientificway.Para.5D．Peoplebelievedinreligioninancienttimes.答案：Para.1BPara.2DPara.3&4APara.5CTaskTwo：CarefulReadingⅠ.JudgethefollowingstatementsTrueorFalse.1．PeopleareusedtoturningtotheInternetforhelpwhentheyhavequestionsnowadays.(T)2．MostpeopleinBacon'stimewereinterestedinthesearchforknowledgeasBacon.(F)3．PeoplebelievedthattheEarthwasthecentreoftheuniverseuntilGalileiprovedAristotlewaswrong.(F)4．GalileiprovedthattheEarthwasn'tthecentreoftheuniverse,buthealsomadeamistake.(T)5．Wewouldgetmoreknowledgeabouttheworldsincemenneverstopthinkingandresearching.(T)Ⅱ.Readthetextandthenchoosethebestansweraccordingtothetext.1．Whatisthefirststeptoacquireknowledgeandunderstanding?A．Tofindanswers.B．Tostudythefacts.C．Totestanswers.D．Toputforwardquestions.答案：D2．Whosolveproblemsbythinkingandanalyzingaccordingtothepassage?A．Peoplenowadays.B．Peopleinthe17thcentury.C．Modernscientistsandthinkers.D．ThegreatphilosopherAristotle.答案：C3．Peopleinthe17thcenturydidn'tbelieveGalileoGalileibecause________.A．theybelievedmoreinreligionB．theEarthwasstandingstillC．BaconputforwardtheviewthattheEarthmustbethecentreoftheuniverseD．Galileicouldn'tprovehisviewthattheEarthwasnotthecentreoftheuniverse答案：A4．What'stheaimofthewriterwhenAristotleandGalileiarereferredtointhefourthparagraph?A．Aristotlewaswrong.B．It'sunbelievableforgreatmentobewrong.C．Galileiwaswrong.D．Everyonecanbewrongattimes.答案：D5．What'sthemainideaofthesentence“Alltruthsareeasytounderstandoncetheyarediscovered;thepointistodiscoverthem.”？A．Alltruthsareeasytodiscover.B．It'smostimportanttodiscovertruths.C．It'smoreimportanttounderstandtruthsthantodiscoverthem.D．Ifwewanttodiscovertruths,weshouldfirstunderstandthem.答案：BTaskThree：Micro­writingReadthetextcarefullyandfillinthefollowingblanks.“Who__1__(question)much,shalllearnmuch,andremembermuch，”saidFrancisBacon.Nowitseemsobvioushowweacquireknowledgeand__2__(understand).However,inthe17thcentury,peoplebelievedmoreinreligionthaninfacts.As__3__result,peoplewhoproved__4__(science)ideaswereoftenpunished.Manypeopletended__5__(ignore)thefactsandwereunwillingtochallengewhattheyhadbelieved.Tilltoday,peoplestillfeelthatifsomeoneimportantand__6__(respect)saysthatsomethingisright,thenitmustbeso.__7__sometimesgreatmensuchasAristotleandGalileimightmakemistakes.Thereforeourunderstandingoftheworldaroundusis__8__(constant)growingandchanging.Inother__9__(word),welearnmoreeverydayandnoneofuscansimplysay,“Weknowitall”．“Alltruthsareeasytounderstand__10__theyarediscovered;thepointistodiscoverthem，”saidGalileoGalilei.1．questions2.understanding3.a4.scientific5．o_ignore6.respected7.But8.constantly9.words10．once1eq\a\vs4\al(acquirevt.获得，得到)(教材P42)Itseemsobviousnowhowweacquireknowledgeandunderstanding.我们如何获得学问和理解现在好像自不待言。acquireknowledge/experience获得学问/阅历acquireagoodknowledgeof学会，精通acquireahabitof养成……的习惯acquireatastefor起先喜爱[即学即用](1)Meanwhile,theyexchangeideasandfeelingswitheachother,throughwhichtheyprobablyacquiremoreknowledge.与此同时，他们彼此沟通思想和感情，这样他们可能获得更多的学问。(2)Heacquiredatasteforbrandyatthattime.他在那个时候养成了喝白兰地的嗜好。(3)Onlywhenyouhaveacquired_a_good_knowledge_ofgrammarcanyouwritecorrectly.只有当你拥有了完善的语法学问，你才能正确地写作。(4)Weshouldtrytoacquire_a_good_habit_oftakingnotes.我们应当努力养成做笔记的好习惯。(5)Hischaracteracquired_him_a_good_reputation.他的品行使他得到好名声。2eq\a\vs4\al(worthyadj.值得的；有价值的)(教材P42)BaconheldanimportantrankunderKingJames(1566—1625)ofEnglandbuthistrueinterestwasnotthedaytodaybureaucraticdetailsofthegovernment,buttheworthysearchforknowledge.在英国詹姆士国王(1566—1625)统治时期，培根是一位身居要职的官员，但是他真正的爱好不是政府每日的繁文缛节，而是对学问的崇高追求。表示“值得”的句型：(1)beworth＋n.＝beworthyof＋n.(2)beworthdoing＝beworthyeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(ofbeingdone,tobedone))(3)It'sworthwhiledoing/todosth.[即学即用](1)TheChinesecommunityiswellworthavisit.＝TheChinesecommunityiswellworthyofavisit.华人社区特别值得去参观一下。(2)Thearticleisworthyofcarefulstudy.＝Thearticleisworthyofbeing_studied(study)carefully.＝Thearticleisworthyo_be_studied(study)carefully.＝Thearticleisworthstudying(study)carefully.＝It'sworthwhilestudying/to_study(study)thearticlecarefully.这篇文章值得细致研读。[名师点津](1)表示“很值得做……”，要用bewellworthdoing...；(2)worth一般只作表语；而worthy和worthwhile既可作表语又可作定语。3eq\a\vs4\al(ignorevt.忽视，不顾)(教材P42)Thechurchandmanypeopletendedtoignorethefactsandwereunwillingtochallengewhattheyhadalwayscomfortablybelieved.教会和很多人常常忽视事实，不情愿去挑战他们始终深信不疑的东西。(1)ignorantadj.无知的，不知道的beignorantof/about...对……不了解；对……无知(2)ignorancen.无知；不知情beinignoranceof/aboutsth.不知道某事[即学即用](1)Isaidhellotoher,butsheignoredmecompletely.我向她打招呼，她却根本不理我。(2)Theoldmanisignorantaboutmoderntechnology.这位老人对现代科技一窍不通。(3)Thetouristignored_the_warningandgotoffthecarinBadalingWildlifeZoo,causingthetragedy.那位游客不听警告，在八达岭野生动物园下车，结果酿成悲剧。(4)单句语法填空①Iamquiteignorantof/aboutwhattheyintendtodo.②Hisfailureresultedfromhisignorance(ignore)．4教材P42Atfirst，peopleapprovedofhisstudiesandurgedhimtocontinue，butlaterwhenheprovedAristotlewrong，theygrewangryandputhiminprison.起初，人们赞同他的探讨并敦促他接着进行，但是后来当他证明亚里士多德错了的时候，他们就生气了，把他关进了监狱。●(一)approvev.赞成；认可；批准(1)approveof(doing)sth.赞成(做)某事approvesth.批准，通过某事(2)approvaln.赞成；赞许；批准meetwithone'sapproval得到某人的批准winone'sapproval赢得某人的支持withoutapproval未经许可[即学即用](1)Nowpeopleapproveoflivingalow－carbonlife.现在人们赞成过低碳生活。(2)Thecommitteeapprovedtheplanatthemeetingyesterday.昨天在会上委员会通过了该项安排。(3)Itmadenodifferencethatourtravellingplandidn'twin_parents'_approval.我们的旅行安排没有获得父母的支持，但是不会有影响的。(4)Itishopedthenewlawagainstsmokingwill_be_approvedbythecommittee.有关禁烟的新法律有望会得到委员会的批准。●(二)urgev.力劝；剧烈要求n.迫切愿望；剧烈要求(1)urgesb.todosth.督促某人做某事urgesth.on/uponsb.大力举荐；竭力主见odoing...督促/怂恿……做……urgethat...主见……；力劝……(2)haveanurgetodosth.渴望做某事[即学即用](1)Theteacherurgedon/uponusthenecessityofpractice.老师向我们强调练习的必要性。(2)ThevacationiscomingandIhaveanurgetotravel.假期快到了，我迫切想去旅行。(3)Themanagementurgedthatthecostofproduction(should)befurtherreduced.管理部门敦促进一步降低生产成本。(4)单句语法填空①Iurgehimo_write(write)anovelaboutthelifethatwelivetogetherinthecountry.②Iurgedthatwe(should)_take(take)immediatemeasurestopreventsuchthinghappeningagain.③Heurgedon/uponhispupilstheimportanceofhardwork.④Hehasanurgetobecomeafilmstar.[联想归纳]urge后跟that从句时，从句中运用虚拟语气，谓语动词为should＋动词原形，should可省略。5inspirev.鼓舞，激励；使产生感觉或情感；给予灵感，激发想法；启发；启示(教材P43)ButeventhoughAristotlewasagreatmanwhoinspiredmanygreatscientistsandphilosophersafterhim,hewaswrongattimes.尽管亚里士多德是一位伟人，他激励了很多杰出的科学家和哲学家，但他有时也会出错。(1)inspiresb.withsth.(＝inspiresth.insb.)激起/唤起某人的(感情、思想等)inspiresb.todosth.鼓舞某人去做某事(2)inspiredadj.受到鼓舞的inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的(3)inspirationn.激励；灵感[即学即用](1)Weneedanewcaptain—someonewhocaninspiretheteam.我们须要一位能够鼓舞士气的新队长。(2)Hisencouragingremarksinspiredmewithconfidence.他令人鼓舞的话语唤起了我的自信。(3)Manyartistsgettheirinspirationfromnature.很多艺术家从大自然中获得灵感。(4)单句语法填空①Ihopethissuccesswillinspireyouo_make(make)greaterefforts.②Thegoodnewsinspireduswithprideandcourage.＝Thegoodnewsinspiredprideandcourageinus.③Theshortnovelhasbroughtmeacreativeinspiration(inspire)．④ZangKejiawrotesomeveryinspiring(inspire)poems.6教材P43Thesemenknewthatknowledgeandunderstandingarethingstofightfor；morevitaltoaman，andmorebeneficialtomankind，somemightsay，thanallthemoneyintheworld.这些人懂得学问和理解是要奋斗的事情；有人会说，相较于世界上全部的金钱，对一个人来说，它更重要，对人类来说，它更有益。●(一)vitaladj.极其重要的bevitalto/for对……极为重要It'svitaltodosth.做某事极其重要It'svitalthat...(should)do...……至关重要留意：vital可用作定语和表语。用作表语时，后面可接介词for或to引导的短语，表示“对……极其重要”。[即学即用](1)Considerationforotherpeopleisvitalforallofus.对我们全部人来说，体谅他人至关重要。(2)单句语法填空①What'sworse,somedrivers,cyclistsandpedestriansdon'tthinkitisvitalo_obey(obey)trafficrules.②Itisvitalthateveryone(should)_receive(receive)goodeducation.●(二)beneficialadj.有益的，有利的，有帮助的(1)bebeneficialto...对……有益(2)benefitv.有益于，得益于；n.好处，好处benefitfrom/by...从……中受益forthebenefitofsb.(＝forsb.'sbenefit)为了某人的利益；为帮助某人beofbenefitto...对……有益[即学即用](1)Sunshineandfreshairarebeneficialtoyourrecoveryfromillness.阳光和簇新空气对你病情的复原有益。(2)Whenpeopleofferyouwordsofpraise,itmaynotalwaysbeforyourbenefit.当人们赞扬你的时候，可能并不总是对你有利。(3)Bothsideshavebenefitedfromthetalks.双方都已经从会谈中受益。(4)单句语法填空①Usingcomputershasabeneficial(benefit)effectonchildren'slearning.②Youwillbenefitfromhardworkandpoorconditions.③Theorganizationwasfoundedforthebenefitofthedisabled.7eq\a\vs4\al(assumevt.假定，假设；认为)(教材P43)WhydidAristotleassumethatthesunmovedaroundtheEarth?为什么亚里士多德认为太阳围着地球转？(1)assume...tobe...认为……是……assume(that)．..认为……Itis(generally)assumedthat...人们(普遍)认为……(2)assumptionn.假定，假设makeanassumption认为，假定ontheassumptionthat...假定……，假设……(3)assuming(that)．..假定……[即学即用](1)Wecannotassumeanythinginthiscase.在这种情形下我们无法做任何揣测。(2)Itisgenerallyassumedthatstressiscausedbytoomuchwork.普遍认为，压力是工作过重所致。(3)Theprojectwaspredicatedontheassumptionthattheeconomywasexpanding.这一安排是以经济发展的设想为依据的。(4)Itisreasonabletoassume(that)thehousepriceswillcontinuetogoup.认为房价会接着上涨是有道理的。(5)单句语法填空①Theyboughtthesecond－handhouseontheassumption(assume)thattheformerownerwouldpaintit.②Wemustassumehimo_be(be)innocentuntilheisprovedguilty.③Assuming(assume)thatyouareright,whatshouldwedonext?[联想归纳]在英语中，有些看上去是现在分词或过去分词的词，事实上却常用作介词或连词。与assuming类似的词还有：①consideringprep.&conj.鉴于，考虑到②givenprep.鉴于，考虑到③includingprep.包括，包含④supposingconj.假设，假如⑤provided/providingconj.假如，假如⑥concerningprep.关于1eq\a\vs4\al(beaccustomedto习惯于)(教材P42)AlthoughtodaywearemoreaccustomedtotypingafewkeywordsintoasearchengineandwaitingfortheInternettospittheansweroutforus,modernscientistsandthinkersarestillsolvingtheworld'sproblemswiththistypeofanalysis—luckilyforus.虽然我们现在更习惯在搜寻引擎里输入几个关键词，然后等待互联网吐出答案，然而幸运的是，现代的科学家和思想家们仍旧在用这种分析方法来解决世界上的问题。(1)get/become/growaccustomedto(doing)sth.＝be/get/becomeusedto(doing)sth.习惯于(做)某事(2)accustomvt.使习惯于accustomsb./oneselfto(doing)sth.使某人/自己习惯于做某事[即学即用](1)ThisisnotthekindoftreatmentIamaccustomedto.这不是我习惯的那种待遇。(2)Shewasapersonaccustomedtohavingeighthours'sleepanight.她是那种习惯每晚睡八个小时的人。(3)Hehadtoaccustomhimselftothecoldweather.他不得不使自己习惯于寒冷的天气。(4)单句语法填空①Hereyesquicklybecameaccustomed(accustom)tothedark.②Somepeoplearereallynotusedtousing(use)creditcards.③Shefounditnecessarytoaccustomherchildtogetting(get)upearly.[联想归纳]请识记含有介词to的常见短语：①stickto坚持②lookforwardto盼望③devoteoneselfto致力于④getdownto着手⑤leadto导致；通往⑥objectto反对⑦payattentionto留意2eq\a\vs4\al(tendto往往会，倾向于；照看，护理)(教材P42)Thechurchandmanypeopletendedtoignorethefactsandwereunwillingtochallengewhattheyhadalwayscomfortablybelieved.教会和很多人往往会忽视事实，不情愿去挑战他们始终深信不疑的东西。(1)tendvt.照管；护理(＝takecareof/lookafter)tendtodosth.有做某事的倾向；有做某事的趋势tendto/towardssth.趋向；走向；趋于……(2)tendencyn.趋势；倾向haveatendencytodo/forsth.有(做)某事的趋势[即学即用](1)Wheninagroup,Itendtoactasthespokesmanofthatgroup.在小组探讨时我常常表现得像那个组的发言人。(2)Foryearshetendedherinherpainfulillness.多年来她始终受到病痛的熬煎，都是他在照料。(3)Thereisagrowingtendencyforpeopletoworkathomeinsteadofinoffices.人们在家里而不是在办公室里工作的趋势日益增长。(4)单句语法填空①Itendo_sacrifice(sacrifice)myowninterestforthegroupbenefit.②Shespendshersparetimeending(tend)(to)heroldmother.③Roughlyspeaking,theendency(tend)ofthemarketisstilluncertain.3eq\a\vs4\al(putforward提出；将钟表拨快；将……提前；举荐)(教材P42)ItisnotsurprisingthatpeoplewantedtobelievetheseancientviewsastheyhadbeenputforwardbythegreatphilosopherAristotle(384—322BC)．人们情愿信任这些古老的见解并不惊奇，因为那是宏大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384—公元前322)提出来的。putaway储存，收起来放好putdown写下；镇压putoff推迟puton穿上；上演，装出(某种样子)；增加(体重)putout扑灭，熄灭putup挂起，举起；贴；给……供应住宿putupwith忍受[即学即用](1)CanIputyou/yournameforwardforgolfclubsecretary?我举荐你(提名让你)担当高尔夫球俱乐部的秘书好吗？(2)Theyputupaboardwheretheycouldputupnotices.他们挂起了一块木板，在上面可以张贴通知。(3)Motheropenedthedrawertoput_awaycookers.妈妈打开抽屉将餐具收进去放好。(4)Neverput_offtilltomorrowwhatmaybedonetoday.今日事，今日毕。(5)Idon'tknowhowyouput_up_withtheirconstantquarreling.我不知道你是怎么忍受他们无休止的争吵的。1教材P42ItisnotsurprisingthatpeoplewantedtobelievetheseancientviewsastheyhadbeenputforwardbythegreatphilosopherAristotle384—322BC.人们情愿信任这些古老的见解并不惊奇，因为那是宏大的哲学家亚里士多德公元前384—公元前322提出来的。Itisnotsurprisingthat...表示“……不足为奇”。it为形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。(1)“It's＋adj.＋that...”常用来表示“……令人感到……”。用于该句型的常见形容词有：necessary,strange,clear,possible,natural,important,likely,obvious等。(2)it作形式主语的句型还有：·It＋be＋过去分词(said,reported等)＋that...·It＋不及物动词(seem,appear等)＋that...·It＋be＋名词短语(apity,nowonder等)＋that...[即学即用](1)Itisnotsurprisingthatyourcousinhasn'tpassedtheexam.你堂兄没通过这次考试不足为奇。(2)Itisreportedthatthefallofthelandslidehascausedtwohundreddeaths.据报道，山体滑坡已致200人死亡。(3)It_is_strange_thatnobodyknowswherehehasgone.很惊奇没有人知道他去了哪儿了。(4)It_is_amazing_thattheboyisabletosolvetheproblemsoquickly.这个男孩能快速解决这个问题，真令人惊讶。(5)It_is_a_pity_thatyoudidn'tattendmybirthdaypartylastnight.很缺憾你昨天晚上没有参与我的生日聚会。2(教材P42)Atthattime,peoplebelievedmoreinreligionthaninfactsandpeoplelikeGalileoGalilei(1564—1642),whoprovedscientificideassuchas“theEarthisnotthecentreoftheuniverse”，wereoftenpunishedbythechurchwithnoonecomingtotheirdefence.那时，人们更多地信任宗教，而不是事实，像伽利略·伽利莱(1564—1642)这样证明白诸如“地球不是宇宙的中心”等科学