Unit 3 Sea Exploration 单元高频词汇和语法专题讲练

Lecture3选择性必修四Unit3单元重点词汇和语法专题复习讲练单元重点单词及其词形转换和固定搭配merchantn.商人；批发商adj.海上货运的→merchandisevt.推销→merchandisern.商人；跟单员extendvt.扩展；使伸长；延长→extensionn.延伸；扩展→extensiveadj.广阔的；大量的→extendedadj.延长了的；扩展了的；详尽的extendedfamily（除核心家庭成员之外的）大家庭expandvt.扩大；扩展；详述→expansionn.扩大；膨胀→expansiveadj.广阔的；扩张的→expandedadj.扩充的；展开的；（材料）多孔的，泡沫的negotiatevt.商定；达成（协议）vi.谈判；协商→negotiationn.谈判；协商；转让negotiableadj.可协商的，可转让的→negotiatedadj.商谈的；谈判的negotiatedprice议价价格negotiatewithsb.about/on/forsth.关于/为了某事与某人谈判spicen.(调味)香科→spicyadj.辛辣的withdrawvt./vi.（使）撤回；撤离;取款→withdrawaln.收回；撤回；停止；取款depositv.放下；存放；支付n.存款politicsn.政治；政治学→politicaladj.政治的；政客的→politicallyadv.政治上→politiciann.政客，善于玩弄权术者→policyn.政策professionn.职业；行业=occupation→professionaladj.职业的；专业的→professionalismn.专业主义→professorn.教授；（美）讲师=lecturern.（英）讲师mixturen.混合；混合物；结合体→mixv.（使）混合n.混合体mixwith与混合在一起 mixup混淆；困惑coveragen.新闻报道；覆盖范围→coverv.覆盖；保险；包括；报道；掩护；包庇n.封面；盖子；被子，床单applaudv.鼓掌；vt.称赞；赞赏→applausen.掌声；喝彩applaudsb.forsth.因某事赞赏某人thunderousapplause雷鸣般的掌声mannedadj.有人控制的；人工操纵的→manlessadj.无人的；卑鄙的；残忍的migrationn.迁移；迁徙；移居→migratev.迁移；迁徙；移居→immigrantn.外来移民→emigrantn.移居外国的人；移民migratefrom...to...从到迁移murdervt.谋杀；毁坏n.谋杀；凶杀→murderern.谋杀犯；凶手exploitvt.开发；利用；剥削→exploitationn.开发；剥削；利用mercyn.仁慈；宽恕；恩惠→mercifuladj.宽大仁慈的；带来幸运的；给人解脱的→mercifullyadv.仁慈地→mercilessadj.残忍的；无慈悲心的→mercilesslyadv.残忍地havemercyonsb.怜悯；宽恕某人showmercyto/for对某人表示怜悯bemercifuladj.行好，做善事bemercifulinwriting笔下留情possessionn.拥有；控制；个人财产（常复）→possessvt.拥有；具有→possessiveadj.占有欲强的；自私的；（语法）所有格的takepossessionof占有，控制；成为所有者；承担责任inpossessionof拥有，占有opponentn.反对者；对手；竞争者→opposev.反抗；竞争→opposedadj.反对的→oppositionn.反对，反抗→oppositeadj.相反的；对面的n.对立的人或物；对立面adv.在对面prep.在对面beopposedto反对；不支持arrestn.逮捕；拘留；中止vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止beunderarrest被逮捕bearrestedfor因被逮捕logvt.记录n.日志；原木login/on登录；进入logout/off登出；退出sleeplikealog睡得很熟（睡眠深沉，不易被外界干扰）单元重点短语setsail起航；开航setup建立；设立；安装；筹备setouttodo开始做某事=setaboutdoingsetaside把放一边；不理会；取消；留出inaleagueofone'sown独领风骚 besecondtonone无人能及的；首屈一指withdrawfrom退出；撤回inhand在手头；可供使用=athandbyhand用手，手工ontheonehand...,ontheotherhand...一方面，另一方面handinhand手拉手handin提交handover交出handon传递leadtosth.导致asighttobehold/see值得一看的景象/奇景reachout伸出手；提供援助reachout(to)向某人提供帮助；试图引起某人的兴趣；主动提供帮助fromascientificpointofview从科学的角度来说/看单元重点语法-动词不定式专题复习讲练动词不定式的形式肯定式todoTellthechildrentoeathealthyfood.否定式nottodoTellthechildrennottoeatunhealthyfood.【注】动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，在句中不能用作谓语;其形式不随主语的人称、数和时态而变化。动词不定式可以有自己的宾语和逻辑主语等。Iwanttobuyacomputer.It’simportantforustolearnEnglish.动词不定式的句法功能成分用法例句主语1)位于句首，谓语动词用第三人称单数Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.2)常用it作形式主语，把不定式放在后面常见句型:It's+adj.+of/for+sb.+todosth.[形容词是描述人的性格和品质方面时，用of;形容词用于描述不定式动作时，用for]Itisa/one’s+n.(task/duty/job)+todosth.Itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.It'sextremelykindofyoutocomeandmeetme.It'sdangerousforyoutodrivesofast.It’smydutytosavepatients表语多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为作主语Herjobistocleanthehall.=Tocleanthehallisherjob.宾语1)作某些动词的宾语，如want,refuse,forget,afford,try,choose,agree,help,hope,decide等Tomcan'taffordtobuyacaratpresent.2)在find,think后作宾语时，常用it代替，作宾语的动词不定式后移IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.宾补1)tell,ask,allow,wouldlike,encourage,advise,remind等后跟动词不定式作宾补SheaskedmenottospeakChineseinanEnglishclass.2)一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感(feel),二听(hear,listen),三让(let,make,have),四看(lookat,see,watch,notice),但被动要还原toIsawhimcrosstheroad.Myfriendsweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.定语1)不定式作定语一般放在被修饰词的后面Onthefarmeveryonehaslotsofworktodo.2)不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的词是动宾关系，如果动词为不及物动词，后面须加上相应的介词Thereisnothingtoworryabout.Iwantapentowritewith.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.3)不定式修饰不定代词something,anything等时，放在它们的后面，如果不定代词也被形容词修饰，词序是“不定代词+形容词+不定式”Ihadsomethingcoldtodrink.状语表目的Heworkeddayandnighttoearnmoney.表结果Thepolicemensearchedthehouseonlytofindnothing.表原因Theywereverysadtohearthenews.独立成分这种不定式独立与句子之外，表示说话者的态度、语气等,如tobehonest,tobeginwith等Totellyouthetruth,wedon’twanttoincludeyou.动词不定式的常见搭配1)疑问词+不定式可以作主、宾、表等，相当于名词性从句，因此常用这个结构把复合句改为简单句Wheretogoisstillaquestion.Theproblemiswheretofindhim.Idon’tknowwhattodonext.=Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.2)too+adj.+todo太……而不能……Heistooyoungtogotoschool.3)adj./adv.+enoughtodo足够…做…Heisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.动词不定式符号to的省略用法1)在“一感(feel),二听(hear,listen),三让(let,make,have),四看(lookat,see,watch,notice),半帮助(help)”后作宾补的动词不定式可以省略to，但在被动语态中，必须带to。Isawhimgointotheroomjustnow.=Hewasseentogointotheroomjustnow.Thebossmademyfriendsworkthewholenight.=Myfriendsweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.2)wouldrather(not)dothando;hadbetter(not)dowewouldratherstayathomethangooutforawalkonsuchacoldnight.Wehadbettertakesomewarmclothes.3)whynotdo;can’tbutdoWhynothavearest?Ican’tbutwalktoschool.4)当两个或多个动词不定式并列时，第一个动词不定式加to，后面的动词不定式省略toIwanttovisithimandaskforsomehelp.动词不定式专题练习-用所给单词的适当形式完成句子Shewasmade__________________(complete)alotofworkbecausesheneededmoney.__________________(make)someofmylandscapeshots,Ihavetraveleduptofourhoursawaytoshootwithina10-minutetimeframe.Manypeoplegocrazytryingtofigureouthow__________________(spend)timewithfriends,family,work,play,etc.Theflowers__________________(smell)sweetattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature,whichweregrowninthebotanicgardenlastyear.Shepretended__________________(know)mewhenwemetinthestreet,whichreallymademeupset.Therearesomestudentspretending__________________(learn)whattheyreallydon'tunderstand,whichisreallyharmfultothem.Howevergoodanadvertisementis,peopleareunlikely__________________(persuade)tobuytheproductifitisunsuitableforthem.Workingfromhomemakesitpossible__________________(have)aflexiblelifestyle—youcanchoosewhentoworkandwhentorest.Withalotofdifficultproblems__________________(solve),thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.Thetwotravelerscarefullyplantheirtrips,schedulingtheirdaysaroundthepetsthataresometimesdifficult__________________(please).So,it'sbeenuseful__________________(know)how__________________(cover)upholesandrepaintaroom__________________(avoid)anychargeswhenI'vemovedout.动词不定式专题练习-用所给词的适当形式完成句子他说的话对我来说太复杂，无法理解。(understand)Whathesaidwas_______________________________________________________.当被邀请的外宾进人教室时，所有学生站起来热情地欢迎他。(greet)Whentheinvitedforeignguestenteredtheclassroom,allofthestudents_____________________________________________________________________.当你学游泳时，首先你最好让你的身体适应水温。(let)Whenlearningtoswim,firstlyyou'dbetter_______________________________________watertemperature.正是那些甘愿奉献而不求索取的人才值得被尊重。(respect)Itisthosewhoarewillingtogiveratherthanreceivethat______________________________.我本来打算昨晚完成工作的，但我感觉不太舒服。(mean)I_______________________________________lastnight,butIdidn'tfeelverywell. 为了润色你的文章，你可以使用更多的修辞手法，比如隐喻。(polish)___________________________________________,youcanusemorefiguresofspeechsuchasmetaphors.人的生命被视为自然的一部分，我们生存的唯一途径就是与自然和谐相处。(harmony)Humanlifeisregardedaspartofnatureandtheonlywayforustosurviveis________________________________________________________.尽管我们已经取得了很多成就，仍然有很多需要反思和处理的。(reflecton)Whilewehaveachievedmanyachievements,_________________________________________.昨天我去看她，却得知她一周前出国了。(learn)YesterdayIwenttoseeher, __________________________________________aweekbefore.何时何地举行会议有待于进一步讨论。(hold)__________________________________________________remainstobediscussedfurther.动词不定式专题练习-语法填空A篇______________(draw)inspirationfromnatureisatraditionthatgoesbackcenturies.NowhereisthisbetterillustratedthaninthebeautifulLingeringGarden(留园)ofSuzhou.Themainprincipleofitsdesignis(2)______________(recreate)naturallandscapesinminiature(小型的).FirstestablishedintheMingDynasty,theoriginalgardencontainedarockery(假山)tosymboliseTiantaiMountain.Pineandbamboogroves(树林)wereaddedlater,alongwithapondandanisland.Visitorswouldbeastonished(3)______________(find)thegardenmodeledcloselyonnaturalfeatures.Visitorsarealsosupposed(4)______________(explore)itscene-by-scene.Thiscouldvaryfromaviewofapondandthesplashingoffish,toatreeinblossom,apagodaoramoon-shapedgate.B篇Aslongasyouarenotafraidofheights,youwillbeimpressedbySkyBuffet,thelatestrestaurantinthecitycentre.(1)______________(locate)atthetopofTower88,itgivesyouanamazingviewofthebay.Betterstill,itsentireseatingareaturnsslowlyanditisenjoyable(2)______________(see)thesceneryoutsidewhilehavingyourmeal.Sinceittakesaboutanhour(3)______________(turn)thefull360degrees,youareunlikely(4)______________(get)boredwiththescenery.Ifyouwant(5)______________(enjoy)themostwonderfulviews,yourbestbetis(6)______________(sit)bythewindowanhourbeforesunsetandwatchhowtheskychangescolours.Theatmosphereislivelyandmodern,withitswalls(7)______________(paint)whiteandlightblue.SkyBuffetservesamenufullofeye-catchingAsiandishes,(8)______________(range)fromChinesefoodtoJapanesefood.Itwillbeagoodidea(9)______________(invite)yourfamilyandfriendsoverfordinner.SkyBuffetisconsideredbymanylocals(10)______________(be)theperfectlocationforaspecialoccasion.单元语法填空专题练习CoralreefsarebeingplantedinthedeepseabedaroundHainanProvince,afamoustouristdestinationinChina,aspartofefforts1.________________(protect)themaritimeenvironmentandpromotegreendevelopment.Coralreefscoverabout2percentoftheareaoftheseafloorandprovidehabitatsforabout25percentof2.________________(creature).Thereisnodoubtthattheymake3.______________bigdifferencetostabilizingtheecologyoftheocean,accordingtoexperts.Theyworkas4.________________(extreme)naturalbarrierstoweakentheimpactofwavescrashingontheshore.However,survivalofcoralreefshasbeenchallengeddue5.________________changesinthemaritimeenvironment.In2019,theHainanSouthChinaSeaInstituteofTropicalOcean6.________________(initiate)aprogramtoplantmillionsofcoralreefsthroughprofessionalbreedingtechnology."It'slike7.________________(grow)treesunderthesea,"saidChenHong,directoroftheinstitute."Thoughtheygrowslowly,theseedlingsno8.________________(big)thanfingernailsmaybecomecoralreefs9.________________sizecanoutgoseveralsoccerfields."Inrecentyears,theteam10.________________(plant)over200,000coralreefs.Thatquantityhasbrokenthenationalrecordofcoralreefstransplantationforamountandthesurvivalrate.单元写作练习假定你是某国际学校的学生李华，请写一封倡议书给你校学生，呼吁大家保护海洋。内容包括:1.海洋的作用；2.你的建议。假定你是某国际学校的学生李华，请写一封倡议书给你校学生，呼吁大家保护海洋。内容包括:1.海洋的作用；2.你的建议。Dearfellowstudents,_____________