Unit 1 应用文写作-单元话题人际关系写作典例剖析（解析版）

Unit1Knowingme,knowingyou——人际关系专题02单元话题写作典例剖析、精练与创新拓展——应用文写作Part1写作指导——如何写有关改善人际关系的作文Part2单元话题经典例题赏析Part3单元话题作文写作精练Part4单元话题作文创新与拓展练习Part1写作指导——如何写有关改善人际关系的作文该话题以论说文为主。论说文是对事物提供解释与分析，表明观点的文章。它要求根据文字、图画、图表、数字等提供的信息进行描述、分析、议论。论说文写作要做到主旨清晰，即要有明确的中心思想并围绕其展开讨论，同时还应做到言之有理、条理分明、语言简练、逻辑性强。（一）论说文的类型论说文分为五个常见的类型：对立观点型、道理论证型、问题解决型、解释说明型、谚语型。（二）论说文的论点1．观点正确：论说文的首要条件就是观点要正确，观点错误将直接导致整篇文章的失败。2．中心论点要正确、鲜明、集中，不能含糊其辞。尽量使文章的开头能够“开门见山”，不要迂回曲折，以便让读者能很快知道文章的中心议题。（三）论说文的论据论说文的论据要有充分的说服力，紧扣论点，具有典型性或代表性。（四）论说文的常用论证方法论说文的常用论证方法有举例论证、类比或对比论证、引用论证。1．举例论证(1）可用表示顺序的示意词来突出每个实例。

first,

second,

third

the

first

thing

(

point

)

is

...,

the

second

thing

(

point

)

is

...,

the

third

thing

(

point

)

is

...first

of

all,

also,finally,

one

,

another

,

the

last

...(2）以事物的重要性来排列顺序，可使文章层次清楚，重点突出。常用示意词如下：

for

one

thing

,

also,the

worst

thing

is

...first

of

all

,

apart

from

that

,

the

most

important

is

...

for

one

thing

,

what’s

more

,

the

most

...

one

important

...,

more

importantly

,

the

most

important

...one

problem

,

another

problem,

the

most

serious

problem

...2．类比或对比论证比较通常是指对人或事物之间的相同点进行分析；对比通常侧重比较两者之间的不同点或分析同一事物的利与弊。（五）论说文常见的写作顺序提出问题（通常是主题句）→分析问题（围绕主题进行分析，可以举例、比较对比、提出理由）→评论、措施、建议或结论。Part2单元话题经典例题赏析（思路导航+核心词汇+一句多译+参考范文+进阶范文+亮点评析）你校某研究性学习小组正在开展关于“学生与家长、老师、同学之间的关系处理”的调查。请你就这一话题，按照下列要点写一篇英语短文：1．现状：关系处理总体情况较好，但仍存在一些问题(如与同学吵架、自我意识强、不听家长和老师的教育，甚至顶撞老师、家长等)。2．你个人的改进意见(至少两条)。注意：1)词数100左右；2)适当增加细节以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【思路导航】写作思路类型议论文话题人与社会——人际关系内容要点现状：关系处理总体情况较好，但仍存在一些问题建议：你个人的改进意见(至少两条)人称和时态人称：第一、三人称为主时态：一般过去时和一般现在时为主【核心词汇】与他人发生冲突2.与他人发生争吵

把．．搞砸4.让某人失望抱怨6.不同意，发生分歧7.

与...清楚、真诚地沟通8.一起努力化解矛盾

9.和某人进行面对面交谈10.与sb.发展良好的关系参考答案：1.haveconflicts

with

others

2.quarrelwith

others

3.make

a

mess

of

..4.let

sb

.

down5.complainabout/ofsb.6.disagree

with

/

be

in

disagreement

with7.communicate

with

...

clearly

and

honestly8.work

together

to

resolve

conflicts

9.haveaface­to­facetalkwithsb.10.developgoodrelationshipswithsb.【一句多译】最近我们学校的一个研究小组调查了学生与老师、父母间的关系。译法一：（主动语态）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________译法二：（被动语态）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________学生存在很多问题，比如，由于焦虑、学习压力容易发脾气。译法一：（含定语从句的复合句）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________译法二：（非谓语短语）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________他们有时会吵架，有时会不听家长、老师的话，有时甚至会和他们顶嘴。译法一：（并列句）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________译法二：（notonly...butalso倒装句）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________我建议我们应该换位思考整件事情。译法一：（it作形式主语）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________译法二：（suggest的虚拟语气）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案：译法一：（主动语态）Recently,theresearchstudygroupinourschoolhasmadeasurveyabouttherelationshipbetweenstudentsandteachers,familymembersorclassmates.译法二：（被动语态）Asurveyabouttherelationshipbetweenstudentsandteachers,familymembersorclassmatesisbeingmadebyaresearchstudygroupofourschool.译法一：（含定语从句的复合句）Thereexistsomeproblemsforsomestudents,whichcoverthattheyareeasytolosetheirtemperbecauseofanxietyandstudyburden.译法二：（非谓语短语）Thereexistsomeproblemsforsomestudents,includingbeingeasytolosetheirtemperbecauseofanxietyandstudyburden.译法一：（并列句）Theysometimesquarrelwithothers,andevendon’tlistentotheirparentsandteachersandspeakagainstthem.译法二：（notonly...butalso倒装句）Notonlydotheysometimesquarrelwithothers,butalsoturnadeafeartotheirparentsandteachersandevenspeakagainstthem.Howdiscouragingitis!译法一：（it作形式主语）Itisagoodideatoputourselvesintoothers’shoestoreflectonthewholeissue.译法二：（suggest的虚拟语气）Isuggestthatweshouldputourselvesintoothers’shoestoreflectonthewholeissue,【参考范文】Recently,theresearchstudygroupinourschoolhasmadeasurveyabouttherelationshipbetweenstudentsandteachers,familymembersorclassmates.Generallyspeaking,wearegettingonwellwitheachother.However,thereexistsomeproblems.Somestudentsaretooself-centered.What’sworse,theysometimesquarrelwithothers,andevendon’tlistentotheirparentsandteachersandspeakagainsttheirparentsandteachers.Inmyopinion,wemiddleschoolstudentsshouldmakeoureffortstoimprovethesituation.First,weshouldrespectourparentsandteachersaswellasourclassmates.Second,whenwearenotfeelinghappy,wecanhaveaheart-to-heartchatwithourfriendsorteachersorevenparents.Itislikelythattheycanunderstandusbetterandgiveussomereasonableadvice.【进阶范文】Asurveyabouttherelationshipbetweenstudentsandteachers,familymembersorclassmatesisbeingmadebyaresearchstudygroupofourschool.Generallyspeaking,weareongoodtermswitheachother.However,thereexistsomeproblemsforsomestudents,includingbeingeasytolosetheirtemperbecauseofanxietyandstudyburden.What’sworse,notonlydotheysometimesquarrelwithothers,butalsoturnadeafeartotheirparentsandteachersandevenspeakagainstthem.Howdiscouragingitis!Inmyopinion,itisagoodideatoputourselvesintoothers’shoestoreflectonthewholeissue,whichwillallowustothinkoftheissuefromother'sperspective.Besides,weshouldrealizetherelationshipbetweenpeopleshouldbefilledwithlove,care,understanding,andrespect,sowecanexchangeideasfreelyandgetalongwellwitheachother.【亮点词汇】1.makeasurvey做调查2.beongoodtermswith与...关系好3.loseone’stemper发脾气4.studyburden学习负担5.quarrelwith吵架6.turnadeafearto充耳不闻7.speakagainst反对8.putoneselfintoothers’shoes换位思考9.reflecton反思10.exchangeideasfreely自由交换想法【亮点句型】However,thereexistsomeproblemsforsomestudents,includingbeingeasytolosetheirtemperbecauseofanxietyandstudyburden.（现在分词做状语）What’sworse,notonlydotheysometimesquarrelwithothers,butalsoturnadeafeartotheirparentsandteachersandevenspeakagainsttheirparentsandteachers.（notonly...butalso倒装句）Howdiscouragingitis!（感叹句）itisagoodideatoputourselvesintoothers’shoestoreflectonthewholeissue,whichwillallowustothinkoftheissuefromother'sperspective.（which引导非限制性定语从句）Part3单元话题作文写作精练（思路导航+核心词汇+一句多译+参考范文）Writing1在生活中发生冲突的原因有很多。假设你班同学李华缺乏谈话艺术，经常与同学发生争执，导致关系紧张，他觉得很痛苦。请你结合此事，并根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文，向学校英文杂志

New

Babel

专栏投稿。1.以李华的情况为例简要说明谈话艺术在人际关系中的重要性；2.说说谈话艺术，它通常包括：不以自我为中心、谨慎承诺．3.根据自己的经历或感想，提出你认为最重要的谈话技巧，并说明理由。注意：1）词数：120左右；2)适当增加细节以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【思路导航】写作思路类型议论文话题人与社会——人际关系内容要点简要说明谈话艺术在人际关系中的重要性说说谈话艺术提出最重要的谈话技巧，并说明理由人称和时态人称：第一、三人称为主时态：一般过去时和一般现在时为主【核心词汇】1.

难以与他人相处2.感到迷茫和无助

3.与他人的冲突／争吵

4.（使）（关系）破裂5.把．．搞砸6.导致误解7.直接、礼貌地表达某人的想法

8.把某人当作自己的亲近的朋友9.向他们敞开胸怀10.加强联系参考答案：have

difficulty

fitting

in

with

others2.feel

lost

and

helpless

3.haveconflicts

/

quarrelwith

others

4.break

up

5.make

a

mess

of

...6.leadtomisunderstanding7.express

one’s

ideas

directly

and

politely

8.havesb.inone’sclosecircle9.openuptothem10.strengthenthebond【一句多译】我的一个同学李华，因为完全不懂谈话艺术，所以经常和别人发生冲突。(

a

complete

absence

of

)译法一：（含原因状语从句的复合句）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________译法二：（现在分词作结果状语）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．众所周知，交流是涉及说和听的双向的过程。(

involve

)译法一：（含主语从句的复合句）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________译法二：（含非限制性定语从句的复合句）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.换句话说，你可能暗示着你以自我为中心，这肯定会阻碍你与别人发展和谐的关系，(

be

self-

centered

)译法一：（并列句）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________译法二：（含非限制性定语从句的复合句）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.事实上，在高中直到我被选为班长时，我才认识到合作的重要性。译法一：（倒装句式）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________译法二：（强调句型）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考答案】译法一：（含原因状语从句的复合句）Because

a

classmate

of

mine,

Li

Hua,

has

a

complete

absence

of

the

art

of

conversation,

it

often

makes

him

have

frequent

conflicts

with

others.译法二：（现在分词作结果状语）

A

classmate

of

mine

,

Li

Hua

,

has

a

complete

absence

of

the

art

of

conversation,

causing

him

to

have

frequent

conflicts

with

others.2．译法一：（含主语从句的复合句）It

is

known

to

all

that

communication

is

a

two

-

way

process

which

involves

not

only

speaking

but

also

listening.译法二：（含非限制性定语从句的复合句）

As

is

known

to

all,

communication

is

a

two

-

way

process

which

involves

not

only

speaking

but

also

listening.3．译法一：（并列句）In

other

words,

you

might

suggest

that

you

are

self-centered

and

that,

of

course,

will

prevent

you

from

developing

a

harmonious

relationship

with

others.译法二：（含非限制性定语从句的复合句）In

other

words,

you

might

suggest

that

you

are

self-centered,

which,

of

course,

will

prevent

you

from

developing

a

harmonious

relationship

with

others.4．译法一：（倒装句式）In

fact,

not

until

I

was

chosen

monitor

of

my

class

in

my

senior

school

did

I

realize

the

importance

of

cooperation.译法二：（强调句型）In

fact,

it

was

not

until

I

was

chosen

monitor

of

my

class

in

my

senior

school

that

I

realized

the

importance

of

cooperation.【参考范文】How

to

have

conversations

It’s

important

to

know

the

art

of

conversation.

My

classmate

Li

Hua,

has

acomplete

absence

of

the

art

of

conversation,

causing

him

to

have

frequent

conflicts

with

others.

He

feels

miserable

about

the

situation

he

is

in.

Fromexample,we

can

see

that

the

art

of

conversation

is

of

great

importance.The

art

of

conversation

involves

different

aspects,

such

as

being

cautious

about

our

promises,

listening

to

others

politely,

never

being

self-centered

and

so

on.As

far

as

I’m

concerned,

listening

politely

counts

most.

As

is

known

to

all

,

communication

is

a

two-way

process

which

involves

not

only

speaking

but

also

listening.

I’ve

found

that

the

popular

boys

and

girls

in

our

class

are

all

good

listeners.

It

is

their

good

habit

oflistening

that

makes

them

charming.Generally

speaking,

the

art

of

conversation

plays

an

essential

role

in

our

daily

life

and

as

a

result,

I

urge

everyone

to

know

and

apply

it

.【亮点词汇】have

a

complete

absence

of完全缺乏...have

frequent

conflicts

with

others和他人经常发生冲突feelmiserable感到痛苦be

of

great

importance重要ina

situation在某种情况下

becautious

about

对...小心、谨慎a

two-way

process一个双向过程

play

an

essential

role

in起重要作用

urge

sb.

todosth.督促sb.做sth.【亮点句型】

My

classmate

Li

Hua,

has

a

complete

absence

of

the

art

of

conversation,

causing

him

to

have

frequent

conflicts

with

others.

（非谓语短语）As

far

as

I’m

concerned,listening

politely

counts

most.

（动名词作主语）As

is

known

to

all,

communication

is

a

two-way

process

which

involves

not

only

speaking

but

also

listening.（限制性定语从句）4.He

feels

miserable

about

the

situation

he

is

in.（限制性定语从句）5.It

is

their

good

habit

of

listening

that

makes

them

charming.（强调句）Writing2生活中冲突时有发生。假设你班同学苏华和李江打篮球时发生争执，导致关系紧张。请你结合此事，并根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文，向学校英文报“

Happy

Teens

”专栏投稿。1.简要描述事情的经过:打篮球、碰撞、争执，等等；2.分析发生冲突的原因:遇事不够冷静...；3.谈谈避免冲突的做法

（请考生根据自己的经历或感想，提出至少两种做法）。注意：1）对所有要点要逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译；2）词数80左右。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【思路导航】写作思路类型议论文话题人与社会——人际关系内容要点简要描述事情的经过2.分析发生冲突的原因3.建议：谈谈避免冲突的做法人称和时态人称：第一、三人称为主时态：一般过去时和一般现在时为主【核心词汇】与他人冲突2.与他人争吵

3..惹某人生气

4.

（使）（关系）破裂5.和某人起争执6.

害怕伤害别人的感情7.向道歉8.原谅某人（做）某事

9.学会妥协10.建立/增进友谊(或关系)参考答案：haveconflictsquarrelwith

others

2.quarrelwith

others

3.makesb.annoyed4.break

up5.havearowwithsb.6.hurt

others’

feelings7.make

an

apology

to

...

for

../

apologise

to

..

for

..8.forgive

sb.

for

(

doing

)

sth

.9.learntocompromise10.build/promotefriendships(relationships/ties)【一句多译】日常生活中我们经常会和他人发生冲突。译法一：（无灵主语）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________译法二：（Occasionarequitecommon...）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.苏华和李江在抓球时撞到了对方。译法一：（含时间状语从句）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________译法二：（时间状语从句的省略形式）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.我们应该友善待人，这对构建和谐生活是非常重要的。译法一：（并列句）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________译法二：（非限制性定语从句）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.只有用这种方法我们才能与别人享有和谐的生活。译法一：（含条件状语从句）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________译法二：（倒装句）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考答案】译法一：（无灵主语）Conflicts

with

others

are

common

in

everyday

life.译法二：（Occasionarequitecommonwhen...）Occasionarequitecommonwhenwehaveconflicts

with

others

are

common

in

everyday

life.译法一：（含时间状语从句）

Su

Hua

and

Li

Jiang

bumped

into

each

other

whentheytried

to

catch

the

ball.

译法二：（时间状语从句的省略形式）

Su

Hua

and

Li

Jiang

bumped

into

each

other

while

trying

to

catch

the

ball.

3.译法一：（并列句）We

should

be

kind

to

one

anotheranditis

essential

to

enjoying

a

harmonious

life.译法二：（非限制性定语从句）We

should

be

kind

to

one

another,

which

is

essential

to

enjoying

a

harmonious

life.

译法一：（含条件状语从句）Aslongasweadopttheseways,wecanenjoy

a

harmonious

relationshipwithothers.译法二：（倒装句）Only

in

this

way

can

we

enjoy

a

harmonious

relationshipwithothers.【参考范文】Conflicts

with

others

are

common

in

everyday

life.During

the

basketball

game

yesterday

afternoon,

Su

Hua

and

Li

Jiang

bumped

into

each

other

while

trying

to

catch

the

ball.

Then

they

started

shouting

and

yelling,

and

it

turned

into

a

horrible

quarrel.

To

be

honest,

it

was

Su’s

fault

but

Li

was

also

to

blame

—

they

were

not

calm

enough,

and

both

said

some

really

nasty

things.

It

was

winningand

losing

that

they

cared

too

much.

As

a

matter

of

fact,

blocking,

pushing

and

bumping

are

just

part

of

a

tough

game.

To

avoid

such

conflicts,

we

should

be

kind

to

one

another,

which

is

essential

to

enjoying

a

harmonious

life.

It

is

also

a

virtue

to

forgive

and

forget,

especially

in

such

a

competitiveandstressfulsociety.

Instead

of

blaming

each

other,

we

should

communicate

more

and

put

ourselves

in

others’place.

Don’t

be

self-centered

,

and

try

to

be

considerate.

We

must

learn

to

handle

conflicts

calmly

and

wisely.

Only

in

this

way

can

we

enjoy

a

harmonious

relationshipwithothers.【亮点词汇】bump

into

each

other相互碰撞

a

horrible

quarrel一次恐怖的争吵be

to

blame受到责备nasty

things讨厌的东西a

tough

game一场艰难的比赛avoid

such

conflicts避免冲突beessential

to

对...很重要enjoy

a

harmonious

life享受和谐的生活in

such

a

competitive

andstressfulsociety在如此竞争激烈和压力大的社会put

oneself

in

others’place

换位思考handle

conflicts

calmly

and

wisely冷静、明智地处理冲突【亮点句型】During

the

basketball

game

yesterday

afternoon,

Su

Hua

and

Li

Jiang

bumped

into

each

other

while

trying

to

catch

the

ball.

（状语从句省略）It

was

winningand

losing

that

they

cared

too

much.

（强调句）To

avoid

such

conflicts,

we

should

be

kind

to

one

another,

which

is

essential

to

enjoying

a

harmonious

life.

（非限制性定语从句）

It

is

also

a

virtue

to

forgive

and

forget,

especially

in

such

a

competitive

andstressfulsociety.（形式主语）Only

in

this

way

can

we

enjoy

a

harmonious

relationshipwithothers.（倒装句）Part4单元话题作文创新与拓展练习Writing1假如你是李华。某国际学生杂志邀请你在“国际交换生项目”专栏中分享你作为国际交换生在与他人相处的经历。请给该栏目编辑写封邮件，内容包括：1．遭遇的困难；2.问题的解决；3.你的感想。注意：1)词数80左右；2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3)开头和结尾已给出，不计人总词数。

Dear

editor

,

Last

year

,

I

went

to

England

for

a

student

exchange

programme._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Dear

editor,Last

year,

I

went

to

England

for

a

student

exchange

programme.

Before

I

went,

I

was

quite

proud

of

my

English,

but

everyone

in

England

spoke

so

fast

that

Icouldn’t

make

out

what

they

were

saying.However,

things

soon

got

better.

The

homestay

family

was

very

kind

to

me,who

not

only

made

my

stay

enjoya-ble

and

stress-free,

but

also

domeagreatfavor

in

English

in

daily

life.

In

addition,

they

helped

me

make

many

new

friends.Being

an

exchange

student

offers

me

a

chance

to

improve

my

English

andlearn

about

the

foreign

culture.

The

bestthing

is

that

I

know

I

can

cope

even

in

such

a

difficult

situation.【思路导航】写作思路类型应用文话题人与社会——人际关系内容要点1．遭遇的困难2.问题的解决3.个人感想人称和时态人称：第一人称为主时态：一般过去时和一般现在时为主【高级词汇】be

proud

of

以自豪make

out

理解stay

enjoyable

and

stress-free保持愉悦和没有压力cope(with)

处理

in

such

a

difficult

situation在如此困难的情况下dosb.agreatfavor帮了某人大忙offer

sb.

a

chance

to

dosth.给某人提供机会做sth.【高级句型】Before

I

went,

I

was

quite

proud

of

my

English,

but

everyone

in

England

spoke

so

fast

that

I

couldn’t

make

out

what

they

were

saying.(

what

导的宾语从句）2.Being

an

exchange

student

offers

me

a

chance

to

improve

my

English

and

learn

about

the

foreignculture.(动名词短语作主语）3.

The

best

thing

is

that

I

know

I

can

cope

even

in

such

a

difficult

situation.(

that

引导的表语从句）4.The

homestay

family

was

very

kind

to

me,

who

not

only

made

my

stay

enjoyable

and

stress-free,

but

also

domeagreatfavor

in

English

indaily

life.

（who引导非限制性定语从句）Writing2假如你是李华，你的好朋友苏茹在交友方面存在着一些困难，请根据下面提示用英语给她写一封信。内容要点如下：表示关心；2．就如何交友给出自己的建议（如坦诚相待、同甘共苦、为朋友着想等）。注意：1）词数80左右；2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Dear

Su

Ru

,

I’m

sorry

to

know

that

you’re

having

trouble

in

making

friends.

Here

are

some

tips

for

you.To

begin

with,

itcouldn’tbebettertobe

friendly

to

others

and

get

on

with

them

frankly

if

you

want

to

make

friends.

In

addition,

ifIwereyou,Iwould

share

happiness

and

sorrow

with

them.

As

the

saying

goes,

a

friend

in

need

is

a

friend

indeed.

When

misunderstanding

occurs,

you

should

apologise

to

your

friend

as

long

as

it

is

your

fault.

Lastly,

wouldn’t

it

be

a

good

idea

if

you

put

yourself

in

others’shoes

?

As

is

known

to

all,

friendship

calls

for

time

and

effort.I

hope

you

will

find

these

ideas

useful.Yours,

Li

Hua【思路导航】写作思路类型应用文——建议信话题人与社会——人际关系内容要点1.表示关心好友交友的现状；2．就如何交友给出建议人称和时态人称：第一人称为主时态：一般现在时为主【高级词汇】have

trouble

in

做某事有困难get

on

with

sb.

frankly坦诚待人

in

addition除此之外

share

happiness

and

sorrow

with

sb.和某人分享快乐与忧愁apologise

to

sb.向某人道歉put

yourself

in

others’shoes

换位思考call

for

time

and

effort