第08讲-Unit2词汇和完形填空(外研版2019选择必修1)(解析版)

第08讲Unit2Onwardsandupwards提前预习新外研版选择必修一Unit2的词汇和阅读掌握高二阅读长难句分析方法和完形填空（记叙文）解题方法一．重点词汇学习1.embarrassedadj.2.informv.3.debtn.4.pacen.5.rarelyadv.6.overnight.7.rejection8.nevertheless9.perseverev.10.guaranteev.11.delightn.12.outcomen.13.worthwhile14.blanketn.15.contestn.16.enthusiasticadj.17.upset18.electionn.19.blessing20.appreciatev.21.worthy22.gentlenessn.23.mere.24.outlinen.25.dawnn.26.probevt.27.mightyadj..28.descendv.29.concludev.30.delightfuladj.31.literary32.relish重点词汇答案见教材词汇表重点短语regrettodosth很遗憾要做某事(还没有做)2．take...forexample以……为例3．have...incommon有相同的特点4．dreamof梦想5．alongwith和……一起6．turndown拒绝7．dueto由于8．haveapositiveeffecton对……有积极的影响9.beproudof以……为豪10．worthyof值得……的11．careabout关心12．beappreciativeof感激13．inparticular特别，尤其14．beawareof意识到15．descendupon降临16．knockover撞倒考点1：informv．通知，告知要点归纳(1)informsbofsth告诉/通知某人某事informsbthat...通知某人……keepsbinformed(of...)使某人随时了解(……)(2)informationn.[U]通知；消息；情报；信息例1．【单句填空】(1)Thebossaskedhissecretarytokeephimwellinformed(inform)oftheprogramme'sprogress.(2)(2020·天津卷)Inlibrarybooksandcomputers,youcanfindinformation(inform)onstartingabusiness.(3)(2021·天津卷)WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakesfromwhichwecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.词汇升级(4)I'dliketotellyousomedetailedinformationsothatyoucanmakefullpreparationsforit.→I'dliketoinformyouofsomedetailedinformationsothatyoucanmakefullpreparationsforit.考点2：guaranteev．保证；确保n．保证；保证书要点归纳(1)guaranteetodosth/that...保证做某事；确保……guaranteesbsth向某人保证某事guaranteesbtodosth保证某人做某事beguaranteedtodosth肯定会做某事(2)aguaranteeof……的保证underguarantee在保修期内例2．【单句填空】单句语法填空(1)Asisoftenthecase,goingoutwithfriendsisguaranteedtocheer(cheer)youup.(2)Guaranteetobehave(behave)yourselfwheninvitedtoyourChinesefriend'shome.(3)Yourcarislessthanayearold,soitisstillunderguarantee.补全句子(4)Takethisopportunity,andIguaranteethatyouwon'tregretit.抓住这个机会，我保证你不会后悔的。考点3：delightedadj.愉快的，高兴的要点归纳(1)bedelightedat/with/by...对……高兴bedelightedtodosth很高兴做某事bedelightedthat...很高兴……(2)delightn.[U]高兴，快乐；[C]使人高兴的事，乐事v.使高兴takedelightin(doing)．..高兴(做)……；以(做)……为乐toone'sdelight/tothedelightofsb令某人高兴的是with/indelight高兴地，乐意地(3)delightfuladj.令人愉快的例3【单句填空】(1)(2021·全国Ⅱ卷)Obviouslywe'reallabsolutelydelightedtowelcome(welcome)anothercalftoourblackrhinofamily.(2)Onseeingthegiftstheywanted,thekidsscreamedwith/indelight.(3)WhenIheardofthedelightful(delight)newsthatmybrotherhadpassedthedrivingtest,Ifeltverypleased.(4)Icannottellyouhowdelighted(delight)Iwaswiththebeautifulbirthdaypresentyougaveme.一句多译令我高兴的是，我从几百位申请者中被选出来参加2022年冬奥会的开幕式。(5)Tomydelight,Iwaschosenfromhundredsofapplicantstoattendtheopeningceremonyofthe2022OlympicWinterGames.(delightn．)(6)WhatdelightedmewasthatIwaschosenfromhundredsofapplicantstoattendtheopeningceremonyofthe2022OlympicWinterGames.(主语从句)考点4：worthwhileadj.重要的；值得做的要点归纳(1)Itisworthwhiledoing/todosth.做某事是值得的。(2)worthadj.值得的；有……价值be(well)worthdoing...……(非常)值得被做beworth＋n.值得……；值……(3)worthyadj.值得的；配得上的；可敬的beworthyof＋n.值得……；配得上……beworthytobedone/ofbeingdone值得被做注：worth一般只作表语，可用程度副词well修饰；而worthy和worthwhile既可作表语，又可作定语。例4【单句填空】选词填空/单句语法填空/写出下面句中黑体部分的含义(1)IthinkMountTaiisatruenaturalwonderandwell(very/well)worthavisit.(2)Thereferencebookisworthbuying(buy),becauseitisagreathelpforyourstudy.(3)Thegoodnewsisthatit'ssimpletolearnandcanbeworththeeffort.值得付出努力一句多译我认为，这个音乐节的开幕式很值得观看。(4)Personallyspeaking,theopeningceremonyofthemusicfestivaliswellworthwatching.(5)AsfarasI'mconcerned,theopeningceremonyofthemusicfestivaliswellworthytobewatched.(6)Inmyopinion/view,theopeningceremonyofthemusicfestivaliswellworthyofbeingwatched.(7)Frommypointofview,itiswellworthwhilewatching/towatchtheopeningceremonyofthemusicfestival.考点5：enthusiasticadj.热心的，热衷的要点归纳(1)beenthusiasticabout对……热心，热衷于(2)enthusiasticallyadv.热情地(3)enthusiastn.热衷者(4)enthusiasmn.热情，热忱with(great)enthusiasm(非常)热情地例5【单句填空】(1)Today,IamjustasenthusiasticaboutmyjobasthedayIfirststarted.(2)Thewholeplaygroundwasexcitedwiththeaudiencecheeringenthusiastically(enthusiastic)fortheathletes.补全句子(3)Successfulpeopledothingswithgreatenthusiasm,especiallywhentheybelieveinwhattheyaredoing.成功的人做事很有热情，尤其是当他们对自己所做的事有信念的时候。考点6：upsetadj.心烦意乱的，烦恼的；不安的；不适的v．(upset,upset,upsetting)使不安；使心烦；打翻要点归纳(1)beupsetaboutsth为某事心烦/难过beupsettodosth对做某事感到不安/难过(2)Whatupsetssbisthat...让某人心烦的是……Itupsetssbtodosth/that...做某事让人心烦。/让某人心烦的是……例6【单句填空】(1)Shewasupsettoknow(know)thatherapplicationforthepositionwasrefused.(2)Thereisnoneedtobeupsetaboutsuchasmallthing.(3)Hestormedintotheroom,upsetting(upset)theflowervaseonthetable.写作链接句式升级(4)Itupsetusthatourflightwasdelayedbecauseofthefiercestorm.→Whatupsetuswasthatourflightwasdelayedbecauseofthefiercestorm.(what引导的名词性从句作主语)考点7：electv．选举，推选；选择要点归纳(1)electsb(as/tobe)＋职位＝sbbeelected(as/tobe)＋职位某人被选为……electtodosth选择做某事(2)electionn.选举例7【单句填空】(1)Tomwaselected(elect)chairman,forheishard­workingandresponsible.(2)IfIamluckyenoughtowintheelection(elect),thefirstthingIwilldoistoenrichourstudents'after­classactivities.补全句子(3)ItissaidthatonlytwostudentswillbeelectedtotakepartinthecomingEnglishspeechcontest.据说只有两名学生将被选出去参加即将到来的英语演讲比赛。（一）用所给词的适当形式填空1．(2021·全国乙卷)Forthebiggeststadiumsintheworld,wehaveuseddatasuppliedbytheWorldAtlaslistsofar,whichranksthembytheirstatedpermanentcapacity,aswellasupdatedinformation(inform)fromofficialstadiumwebsites.2．(2021·全国甲卷)AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelighted(delight)withthenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity(圈养)．3．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Givenyourbusyschedule，I'dbeveryappreciative(appreciate)ifyouoffertogivesomeprofessionaladvice.4．(2020·天津卷)Galileowasnotmerely(mere)ambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimedtheirfalltotheground.5．Angerisrarely(rare)lookeduponasabeneficialcharactertrait,andisusuallyadvisedtoreduceit.6．Foryears,Margaretfeltembarrassed(embarrass)aboutherproblemwithmusic.（二）固定用法和搭配1．Soeverythingthathappenstoyouisworthyofpraiseandthanks.2．Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldapprovemyapplicationandinformmeoftheinterview.3．Ifyouhavetheinteresttovisitthere,don'tforgettotakeacameraandyouareguaranteedtoenjoy(enjoy)thesightsintheirnaturalstate.4．Tomydelight,myskin'soverallconditionisalsoimprovingdaybyday.5．Bygettingclosertotheadvancedscienceandtechnologiesinthisway，peoplecanprobeintotheirsecretmysteries.（三）完形填空：长难句分析（1）Itwasinspring,1968.Iwasstandingbesidearoad,hopingsomeonecouldgivemea____21____.Iwasheadingbacktocampusthatwasmilesawayandwasconsidering____22____.Manydriverssloweddownandthen____23____afterhavingalookatme.Ididn't____24____them.Whywouldtheypickupabearded,long-hairedstranger?Mylifewasvery____25____.Ifeltatalossincollege.Iconsideredpackingupmybelongingswhenreturningtomy____26____.Twohourspassed.Finallyacar____27____.Itoldthedrivermydestination."ThecollegeinOneonta?That's____28____.Getin,"hesaid."I'mAaron.Thisismywife,Sylvia.""I'mDave,ajunior,"Isaid.AaronaskedwhatIwas____29____incollege."History,"Isaid."Secondaryeducation.""Soyou'llbeateacher,"hesaid.Inodded."_____30_____!"Hesaidexcitedly.Iwassurprisedbyhisreaction.SylviaexplainedAaron'sdreamwastobeateacher._____31_____,hecouldn'taffordcollegeschooling.Sohereally_____32_____me.Aaronaskedaboutmycollegelife.Ipaintedapositivepictureofmy_____33_____.Forthefirsttime,Isawmyfutureinfrontofme—tobeagoodteacher.Iwasfilledwithasenseof_____34_____.Thankstothecouple,Igaveuptheideaofdiscontinuingmystudiesandfinally_____35_____asuccessfulteachingcareer.21.A.direction B.lift C.chance D.job22.A.walkingforward B.movingback C.droppingout D.checkingin23.A.left B.stopped C.laughed D.escaped24.A.trust B.forget C.know D.blame25.A.simple B.messy C.ordinary D.healthy26A.home B.dorm C.camp D.office27.A.pulledin B.wentback C.passedby D.brokedown28.A.unheard B.attractive C.uncompleted D.distant29.A.majoring B.lecturing C.worrying D.challenging30.A.Surprising B.Fantastic C.Boring D.Terrible31.A.Instead B.Otherwise C.However D.Therefore32.A.hated B.supported C.pitied D.admired33.A.school B.appearance C.experiences D.family34.A.purpose B.achievement C.security D.humor35.A.missed B.began C.returnedto D.putoff【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.B26.B27.A28.D29.A30.B31.C32.D33.C34.A35.B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的大学生活很糟糕想辍学，结果给他搭便车的一对夫妇很羡慕他能当老师。他感觉自己找到了明确的目标，决定不辍学了，从此开启了自己的教育生涯。【解析】【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我站在路边，希望有人能载我一程。A.direction方向；B.lift便车，提升；C.chance机会；D.job工作。根据下一段“Manydriverssloweddownandthen(3)afterhavingalookatme.”可知，作者是想搭便车。givesb.alift为固定搭配，意为“给某人搭便车”。故选B项。【22题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我正要回几英里外的校园，正考虑退学。A.walkingforward向前走；B.movingback后退；C.droppingout辍学；D.checkingin登记入住。根据下文“Thankstothecouple,Igaveuptheideaofdiscontinuingmystudies”可知，作者是想辍学。故选C项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：很多司机都减速了，看了我一眼就离开了。A.left离开；B.stopped停止；C.laughed嘲笑；D.escaped逃跑。根据下一句“Whywouldtheypickupabearded,long-hairedstranger?”可知，这些司机只是看了看他然后离开了。故选A项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没有责怪他们。A.trust信任；B.forget忘记；C.know知道；D.blame责备。根据下一句“Whywouldtheypickupabearded,long-hairedstranger?”可知，作者自言自语的话，说明作者理解这些司机，所以没有责备他们。故选D项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的生活很混乱。A.simple简单的；B.messy混乱的；C.ordinary普通的；D.healthy健康的。根据下一句“Ifeltatalossincollege.”可知，我不知所措，所以事情应该是很糟糕的。故选B项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我考虑过回宿舍时收拾行李。A.home家；B.dorm宿舍；C.camp野营；D.office办公室。根据上文“Ifeltatalossincollege.”可知，作者回宿舍时考虑收拾行李。故选B项。【27题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：最后一辆车停在路边。A.pulledin靠边停车；B.wentback后退；C.passedby经过；D.brokedown抛锚。根据下一句“Itoldthedrivermydestination”可知，司机把车开到路边接他。故选A项。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那在远处。A.unheard未听到的；B.attractive有吸引力的；C.uncompleted未完成的；D.distant遥远的。根据上一句“Itoldthedrivermydestination."ThecollegeinOneonta?”可知，作者告诉他要去的目的地，他应该会说从这儿到目的地的距离更合适一些。故选D项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Aaron问我在大学主修什么。A.majoring主修；B.lecturing教，讲授；C.worrying担心；D.challenging挑战。根据下一句“"History，"Isaid.”可知，问的是他的主修科目。故选A项。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：”太棒了！”他兴奋地说。A.Surprising令人惊讶的；B.Fantastic极好的；C.Boring无聊的；D.Terrible可怕的。根据下一句“Hesaidexcitedly”可知，应该是认为成为老师很好。故选B项。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，他上不起大学。A.Instead代替，而不是；B.Otherwise否则；C.However然而；D.Therefore因此。Sylvia解释说Aron的梦想是当一名教师。但是他负担不起大学教育。前后两句之间是转折关系，所以用However。故选C项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以他真的很钦佩我。A.hated讨厌；B.supported支持；C.pitied遗憾；D.admired钦佩，羡慕。根据上一句“SylviaexplainedAaron'sdreamwastobeateacher.(11)hecouldn'taffordcollegeschooling.”可知，她想当老师，但是负担不起学费,而作者要成为老师了，所以只会是羡慕。故选D项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对我的经历描绘了一幅积极的画面。A.school学校；B.appearance外表；C.experiences经历；D.family家庭。根据上一句“Aaronaskedaboutmycollegelife”可知，Aaron问了他的大学生活，作者给他描述了他的大学生活的经历。故选C项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有一个明确的目标。A.purpose目标；B.achievement成就；C.security安全；D.humor幽默。根据上一句“Forthefirsttime,Isawmyfutureinfrontofme-tobeagoodteacher”可知，作者下决心成为一名好老师，所以有了一个明确的目标。故选A项。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：多亏了这对夫妇，我放弃了辍学的念头,最终开始了一段成功的教育生涯。A.missed想念；B.began开始；C.returnedto返还；D.putoff推迟。根据上一句“Thankstothecouple,Igaveuptheideaofdiscontinuingmystudies”可知，作者放弃了辍学的念头，开始了他的教育生涯。故选B项。（2）VolunteeringhasbeenawayoflifeformeforthepastfiveyearssinceIwasfifteen.In2020I___21___withanewlyfoundedsocialenterprise,whichconductedcookinglessonsforvisuallyimpaired(视障)trainee___22___.Iabsolutelyloveditasitinvolvedmeaningful___23___withpeopleandIwasfully___24___throughouttheentiretimeIwasthere.Thiswasunlikesomeothertypesofvolunteering,whichmayinvolvemostlybehind-the-scenesworkthatcanget___25___afterawhile.Wecalledourselves“sightedassistants”andeachofuswas___26___withavisuallyimpairedtraineechef.Asavolunteer,IwouldwalkwiththetraineetotheEnablingVillage___27___,andthenensuretheir___28___astheylearnedtocookanewdish.Thisincludedhelpingthem___29___thepositionofthesink,ensuringproperuseofelectricalappliances,___30___boilingandhotobjects,aswellasbeingcarefulwithknivesamongotherthings.Beingtherewiththemmademetruly___31___howdifficultlifecanbewhenyouare___32___orcompletelyblind.Everytinytask___33___massiveeffort.Therearesomanypeoplewith___34___,Irealised.Whilemedicinestilldoesnothavethepowertocurealloftheseconditions,wearenevershortofwaystoempowertheseindividualsbymakinglife___35___andmoremeaningfulforthem.21.A.met B.cooperated C.started D.volunteered22.A.managers B.volunteers C.chefs D.doctors23.A.interaction B.appointment C.greeting D.conflict24.A.confused B.engaged C.surprised D.disturbed25.A.promising B.frightening C.challenging D.boring26.A.faced B.compared C.paired D.equipped27.A.lesson B.enterprise C.room D.kitchen28.A.satisfaction B.safety C.pleasure D.success29.A.leaveout B.missout C.figureout D.pointout30.A.avoiding B.touching C.approaching D.feeling31.A.appreciate B.imagine C.predict D.think32.A.temporarily B.partly C.accidentally D.originally33.A.simplifies B.causes C.takes D.offers34.A.disabilities B.difficulties C.determination D.power35.A.luckier B.tougher C.happier D.easier【答案】21.D22.C23.A24.B25.D26.C27.D28.B29.C30.A31.A32.B33.C34.A35.D【导语】本文为夹叙夹议文。作者讲述了自己一次帮助视力受损的实习厨师学习烹饪课程的经历，明白了残疾人的生活不易。【解析】【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2020年，我在一家新成立的社会企业担任志愿者，该企业为视障厨师学员提供烹饪课程。A.met遇见；B.cooperated合作；C.started开始；D.volunteered自愿做，无偿做。根据“VolunteeringhasbeenawayoflifeformeforthepastfiveyearssinceIwasfifteen.”可知，作者从15岁起，志愿服务已经成为过去五年的生活方式，所以在一家新成立的社会企业无偿服务。故选D。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：2020年，我在一家新成立的社会企业担任志愿者，该企业为视力受损的实习厨师提供烹饪课程。A.managers经理；B.volunteers志愿者；C.chefs厨师；D.doctors医生。根据句意可知，该企业提供的是烹饪课程，所以培训的应为厨师。故选C。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我非常喜欢这份工作，因为它涉及到与人有意义的互动，我在那里的整个时间都完全投入。A.interaction互动；B.appointment约定；C.greeting问候；D.conflict冲突。根据句意可知，这份工作是帮助视障厨师学员学习烹饪课程，是人与人之间的互动。故选A。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我非常喜欢这份工作，因为它涉及到与人有意义的互动，我在那里的整个时间都完全投入。A.confused困惑的；B.engaged忙于……的；C.surprised惊讶的；D.disturbed心烦意乱的。根据句意可知，作者很喜欢这份工作，所以会全身心投入（忙于）其中。故选B。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这与其他类型的志愿工作不同，其他类型的志愿工作可能主要涉及幕后工作，一段时间后可能会变得无聊。A.promising有希望的；B.frightening令人害怕的；C.challenging具有挑战性的；D.boring令人厌倦的。根据前文“IabsolutelyloveditasitinvolvedmeaningfulinteractionwithpeopleandIwasfullyengagedthroughouttheentiretimeIwasthere.”作者很喜欢这份工作。此处作者把之前的工作和这份工作对比，故可知，作者认为之前的工作久而久之会令人厌倦。故选D。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们称自己为“视力正常的助理”，每个人都配有一个视力受损的实习厨师。A.faced面对；B.compared对比；C.paired使成对；D.equipped配备。根据句意可知，我们的工作就是帮助视力受损的实习厨师，且bepairedwith与……配对，此处指一对一帮助，故选C。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名志愿者，我会陪学员走到EnablingVillage厨房，然后在他们学习烹饪新菜式时确保他们的安全。A.lesson课程；B.enterprise企业；C.room房间；D.kitchen厨房。根据句意可知，学员要学习烹饪新菜式，故作者陪他们走到厨房。故选D。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名志愿者，我会陪学员走到EnablingVillage厨房，然后在他们学习烹饪新菜式时确保他们的安全。A.satisfaction满意；B.safety安全；C.pleasure高兴；D.success成功。根据第二段第一句“In2020Ivolunteeredwithanewlyfoundedsocialenterprise,whichconductedcookinglessonsforvisuallyimpaired(视障)traineechefs”可知，这些学员为视力受损的实习厨师，故作者要保证他们的安全。故选B。【29题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这包括帮助他们弄清楚水槽的位置，确保正确使用电器，避免沸腾和热的物体，以及小心使用刀等物品。A.leaveout遗漏；B.missout错过；C.figureout算出，弄明白；D.pointout指出。根据句意可知，作者的工作任务是确保视力受损的实习厨师的安全，所以是帮助他们弄清楚水槽的位置。故选C。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这包括帮助他们弄清楚水槽的位置，确保正确使用电器，避免沸腾和热的物体，以及小心使用刀等物品。A.avoiding避免；B.touching触摸；C.approaching靠近；D.feeling感觉。根据句意可知，作者的工作任务是确保视力受损的实习厨师的安全，且空后的宾语是“沸腾和热的物体”，所以应为作者帮助他们避开沸腾和热的物体。故选A。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：和他们在一起让我真正理解，当你部分失明或完全失明时，生活是多么艰难。A.appreciate理解，意识到；B.imagine想象；C.predict预测；D.think认为。根据句意可知，“当你部分失明或完全失明时，生活是多么艰难”是作者明白的道理。故选A。【32题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：和他们在一起让我真正理解，当你部分失明或完全失明时，生活是多么艰难。A.temporarily暂时地；B.partly部分地；C.accidentally偶然地；D.originally起初。根据空后completely可知，空处形成对照，应为partly，且本文讲的是“visuallyimpaired(视障)traineechefs”可知，他们并非全盲。故选B。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一件小事都需要付出巨大的努力。A.simplifies简化；B.causes引起；C.takes需要；D.offers提供。根据句意可知，对于视力受损的实习厨师，每一件小事都需要付出巨大的努力。故选C。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我意识到，有很多人有残疾。A.disabilities残疾；B.difficulties困难；C.determination决心；D.power力量。衔接下句“Whilemedicinestilldoesnothavethepowertocurealloftheseconditions,wearenevershortofwaystoempowertheseindividualsbymakinglifeeaierandmoremeaningfulforthem.”可知，作者通过这次志愿者经历明白了世界上有很多人有残疾，即使医学无法治愈，但是我们还是可以尽自己的力量让他们生活更容易。故选A。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然医学仍然没有能力治愈所有这些疾病，但我们从不缺少让这些人的生活更容易、更有意义的方法。A.luckier更幸运；B.tougher更艰难；C.happier更快乐；D.e